Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 9 de 9
Filter
1.
Horiz. enferm ; 34(3): 477-488, 20 dic. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1525120

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Determinar la asociación entre la carga laboral de enfermería, gravedad del paciente, y mortalidad en una unidad de pacientes críticos (UPC) de un hospital público en Chile. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio retrospectivo, correlacional, que analizó fichas clínicas de pacientes de una UPC. Se recolectaron variables demográficas, clínicas, gravedad de paciente (APACHE II) y carga de trabajo de enfermería (TISS-28) al ingreso del paciente. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y bivariados. Se utilizaron regresiones logísticas para identificar las variables asociadas a mortalidad en la UPC y hospitalaria. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 311 pacientes con una mediana de 7 días (RIQ=9,5) de estadía en la UPC. Un 48,9% ingreso desde el servicio de urgencia y un 25,7% tuvo un diagnostico neurológico. El puntaje TISS-28 se asoció positivamente con el del APACHE II (r=0,359, p<0,001) y los días de estadía en UPC (r=0,146, p<0,05). En los modelos de regresión, la mortalidad en UPC estuvo asociada con el puntaje APACHE II (OR=1,109, p<0,001) y el TISS-28 (OR=0,955, p<0,05). Los puntajes de APACHE II y TISS-28 no se asociaron significativamente con la mortalidad hospitalaria. CONCLUSIÓN: Una mayor gravedad del paciente critico se asoció con un aumento en la carga de trabajo de enfermería. La mortalidad en UPC se asoció negativamente con la carga de trabajo en enfermería, pero positivamente con la gravedad de paciente. La carga de trabajo de enfermería es una variable relevante en el desenlace del paciente crítico por lo que debe evaluarse regularmente y de este modo, asegurar dotaciones que respondan a las demandas asistenciales del paciente en la UPC.


OBJECTIVE: To determine the association among nursing workload, patient severity of illness, and mortality in an intensive care unit (ICU) of a public hospital in Chile. METHODS: Retrospective, correlational study that analyzed clinical records of ICU patients. Demographic, clinical, severity of illness (APACHE II), and nursing workload (TISS-28) variables were collected upon patient admission. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed. Logistic regressions were used to identify the variables associated with ICU and hospital mortality. RESULTS: 311 patients with a median of 7 days (IQR = 9.5) of stay at the ICU were included; 48.9% were admitted from the emergency department and 25.7% had a neurological diagnosis. The TISS-28 score was positively associated with the APACHE II score (r =0.359, p < 0.001) and ICU length of stay (r =0.146, p < 0.05). Deceased patients presented a higher APACHE II score than the survivors during their ICU stay (p < 0.001) and in the hospital (p < 0.01). In the regression models, ICU mortality was associated with the APACHE II (OR = 1.109, p < 0.001) and the TISS-28 (OR = 0.955, p < 0.05) score. APACHE II and TISS-28 scores were not significantly associated with hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: A greater severity of illness was associated with an increase in the nursing workload. Mortality in critical patient units was negatively associated with nursing workload, but positively associated with patient severity of illness. Nursing workload is a relevant variable in the outcome of the critically ill patient and must be regularly evaluated to ensure there are sufficient resources to respond to the ICU patient's care demands.

2.
Int. j interdiscip. dent. (Print) ; 14(1): 11-16, abr. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385178

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Describir el desarrollo e implementación para el establecimiento, cumplimiento y acreditación como centro de atención abierta, para la atención odontológica de un centro docente asistencial. Metodología: Para alcanzar mayores niveles de calidad sanitaria y lograr satisfacción de pacientes, profesionales, estudiantes, personal auxiliar y administrativo, definimos 8 niveles de acción: orientar trabajo a resultados; realizar actividades centradas en el paciente; desarrollar el liderazgo y coherencia en los objetivos; gestionar por medio de procesos; involucrar a toda la comunidad; incorporar a la gestión el aprendizaje, la innovación y la mejora constante; potenciar alianzas internas y externas y garantizar la responsabilidad social. Resultados: El comité de calidad rediseñó protocolos, realizó mejoras computacionales y administrativas, realizó diálogos con la comunidad, incrementando de 80% a 100% el cumplimiento de los estándares obligatorios (n= 11) y de 70 % a 96 % los globales. Conclusiones: Alcanzar las competencias de planificación, gestión sanitaria y elevar los niveles de calidad en la atención de pacientes de un centro de salud que incluye una Facultad de Odontología, es un desafío continuo en el tiempo que involucra toda la comunidad, requiere especialistas del área, incrementa los costos de operación y conduce a su acreditación como centro de atención abierta.


ABSTRACT: Objective: To describe the development and implementation for the establishment, fulfillment and accreditation as an open-care center, for dental care in a University Teaching Center. Methodology: In order to reach higher levels of health care quality and additionally achieve the satisfaction of patients, professionals, students, auxiliary and administrative staff, the quality committee developed 8 levels of action: 1, orienting the work to results; 2, performing patient-centered activities; 3, developing leadership and coherence in the objectives; 4, managing through processes; 5, involving the entire community; 6, incorporating learning, innovation and constant improvement into management; 7, strengthening internal and external alliances and 8, ensuring social responsibility. Results: After 4 years of work by the quality and review committees, with the redesign of protocols, computer and administrative improvements, evaluation of progress and dialogue with the community, compliance with mandatory quality standards (n=11) was increased from 80% to 100% and compliance with the global standard was increased from 70% to 96% (mandatory + non-mandatory standards). Conclusions: The strategy to achieve planning and management competences in the health system and to raise quality levels of patient care in a health center that includes a dental school is a continuous challenge over time that involves the entire community, requires specialists in the area, increases operating costs and leads to accreditation as an Open.Care Center.


Subject(s)
Humans , Quality of Health Care
3.
Rev. Univ. Ind. Santander, Salud ; 52(1): 33-40, Diciembre 19, 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1092271

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: El modelo AREA (Análisis de Resultado Esperado Actual) plantea la importancia de reorientar la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del proceso de enfermería al pensarlo en términos más amplios, panorámicos y reflexivos; facilitando el desarrollo de habilidades de razonamiento clínico, lo que constituye un gran avance para la enseñanza y la práctica en la toma de decisiones clínicas que integra NANDA, NIC y NOC. Los nuevos lineamientos estructurados desde el modelo OPT superan la visión lineal, fraccionada e instrumental de las cinco etapas del proceso de enfermería. Objetivo: Comparar dos modelos de aplicación del proceso de enfermería (generación 2 y 3), en la elaboración de planes de cuidados por parte de estudiantes del programa de enfermería de una institución de educación superior de Bucaramanga (Colombia). Metodología: Estudio de corte transversal. Participaron 33 estudiantes de quinto nivel del programa de enfermería de la UIS. Se definieron las variables y se diseñaron los instrumentos que permitieron evaluar y comparar la aplicación del proceso de enfermería de la segunda y tercera generación. Resultados: Se identificó preferencia por el modelo tercera generación como guía para el abordaje de casos clínicos; sin embargo, es importante resaltar que los estudiantes no encontraron diferencias significativas en aspectos de articulación teórica, ni en la aplicación de los lenguajes NIC y NOC. Los estudiantes encuentran diferencias significativas en el uso del modelo OPT en aspectos relacionados con el razonamiento clínico, la determinación de la esencia del caso, el respaldo diagnóstico y la identificación del diagnóstico de enfermería. Conclusiones: Ampliar la enseñanza del modelo OPT en todos los cursos del programa de enfermería UIS, facilitará una mayor comprensión de los procesos de pensamiento del estudiante y mayor capacidad de adaptar experiencias para satisfacer las necesidades individuales de aprendizaje; igualmente, fortalecerá el currículo y por ende las prácticas docentes.


Abstract Introduction: The OPT model (Outcome Present State Test) raises the importance of reorienting the teaching and learning of the nursing process when thinking about it in broader, panoramic and reflective terms; it facilitates the development of clinical reasoning skills, which is a breakthrough for teaching and practice in making clinical decisions that integrate NANDA, NIC and NOC. The new guidelines structured from the OPT model, overcome the linear, fractional and instrumental vision of the five stages of the nursing process. Objective: To compare two nursing process application models (generation 2 and generation 3), in the elaboration of care plans by students of the nursing program of a higher education institution of Bucaramanga (Colombia). Methodology: Cross-sectional study. With participation of 33 students from the fifth level of UIS nursing program UIS. Variables were defined and the instruments to evaluate and compare the application of the nursing process of the second and third generations were designed. Results: Preference for the third generation model was identified as a guide for addressing clinical cases; however, it is important to note that the students did not find significant differences in aspects of theoretical articulation, nor in the application of NIC and NOC languages. Students find significant differences in the use of OPT model in aspects related to clinical reasoning, case essence determination, diagnostic support and in the nursing diagnosis identification. Conclusions: Expanding the teaching of the OPT model in all courses of the nursing program UIS, will facilitate a greater understanding of the student's thinking processes and a greater ability to adapt experiences to meet individual learning needs; it will also strengthen the curriculum and therefore the teaching practices.


Subject(s)
Humans , Nursing Process , Students , Nursing Diagnosis
4.
Cienc. Serv. Salud Nutr ; 10(1): 46-59, abr. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1103567

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Se presenta un análisis sobre la relación que establece el médico con su paciente, en el servicio de salud pública más importante de la provincia de Chimborazo. Es posible evidenciar claramente el trato inadecuado del profesional al paciente, determinar si repercute de manera negativa sobre la salud de estos, y el efecto sobre la cobertura del profesional y por ende de la unidad de salud a la que se pertenece, son las interrogantes de investigación. Metodología: Es un estudio de campo, descriptivo, de corte transversal, con una muestra de 1200 personas que acuden al servicio de consulta externa en el Hospital General Docente de Riobamba. Esta presentación se deriva de un estudio con más de 2600 individuos involucrados en tres servicios de salud privados y públicos. Se trabaja sobre variables específicas como respeto, sensibilidad, capacidad profesional, explicación del procedimiento, consejería del médico, y conformidad de la atención por parte del paciente. Además, se recolectan datos generales del paciente y del médico como sexo, edad y número de consultas que determinan el tipo de relación entre el profesional y la población. Resultados: De manera general existe un alto grado de satisfacción de pacientes atendidos. No obstante, existe evidencia sobre la falta de comprensión del paciente, poca sensibilidad del profesional y la inadecuada explicación sobre procedimientos, lo cual lleva a una atención insuficiente. Conclusión: La relación médico paciente es un conjunto de actividades que van, desde contacto visual, empatía, respeto y conocimiento adecuado hasta la manera de agendar una nueva cita.


Introduction: An analysis is presented on the relationship established by the doctor with his patient, in the most important public health service in the province of Chimborazo. It is possible to clearly demonstrate the inadequate treatment of the professional to the patient, determine if it negatively affects their health, and the effect on the coverage of the professional and therefore of the health unit to which it belongs, are the questions of investigation. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive field study with a sample of 1200 people who attend the outpatient service in the General Teaching Hospital of Riobamba. This presentation is derived from a study with more than 2,600 individuals involved in three private and public health services. We work on specific variables such as respect, sensitivity, professional capacity, explanation of the procedure, doctor's advice, and compliance of the patient's care. In addition, general data of the patient and the doctor are collected as sex, age and number of consultations that determine the type of relationship between the professional and the population. Results: In general there is a high degree of satisfaction of patients attended. However, there is evidence of lack of understanding of the patient, poor sensitivity of the professional and inadequate explanation of procedures, which leads to insufficient attention. Conclusion: The patient doctor relationship is a set of activities ranging from eye contact, empathy, respect and adequate knowledge to the way of scheduling a new appointment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Personal Health Services , Comprehensive Health Care , Ambulatory Care , Patient Care , Health Services Research , Holistic Health , Ecuador
5.
Rev. mex. enferm. cardiol ; 24(Esp): 24-27, ago. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1099511

ABSTRACT

El presente artículo tiene la finalidad de compartir la experiencia que ha tenido la Unidad de Cuidados Integrales Avanzados (UCIA) con la conformación de grupos a los que se les brinda atención psicoeducativa, como parte de los cuidados paliativos ofrecidos por el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. En la atención directa con los pacientes en situación de terminalidad y su familia se identificaron situaciones que afectan directamente su calidad de vida, razón por la cual se diseñó un programa para realizar intervención psicoeducativa con enfoque biopsicosocial a través de un equipo de salud transdisciplinar con el objetivo principal de ampliar el repertorio de afrontamiento del paciente y del cuidador principal a través de la orientación respecto a la enfermedad, síntomas y cuidados paliativos específicos que puede realizar en el hogar. Dicho programa cuenta con las políticas, normas y lineamientos de operación que considera el contexto actual de los pacientes en situación de terminalidad y de su familia. Se destacan aspectos importantes observados posterior a la psicoeducación tales como: identificación de conductas adaptativas, ampliación del repertorio de afrontamiento, disminución de las consultas en los servicios de urgencias y del número de hospitalizaciones.


This article aims to share the experience of the Comprehensive Care Unit (CCU) with the formation of groups that are given psychoeducational care, as part of the palliative care offered by the National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez. In direct care with terminally ill patients and their families, situations that directly affect their quality of life were identified, that is why a program was designed to carry out a psychoeducational intervention with a bio-psycho-social approach through a team of transdisciplinary health, with the main objective of expanding the repertoire for coping with the patient and the main caregiver through orientation regarding the illness, symptoms and specific palliative care that can be done at home. This program has the policies, rules and guidelines of operation that considers the current context of terminally ill patients and their family. Important aspects observed after psychoeducation are highlighted such as identification of adaptive behaviors, expansion of coping repertoire, reduction of visits to the emergency services and number of hospitalizations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Cardiovascular Diseases , Heart Diseases , Cardiovascular Diseases/psychology
6.
Invest. educ. enferm ; 34(2): 378-386, June 2016. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing, COLNAL | ID: biblio-829056

ABSTRACT

Objective.To evaluate the risk factors associated with treatment abandonment by overweight or obese children and adolescents. Methods. A cross-sectional study, conducted in 2011, at the Childhood Obesity Center, in Campina Grande, Brazil, with the records of 208 children and adolescents, between three and 18 years of age, divided into two groups: Group I included those who abandoned treatment, and Group II included those who did not abandon treatment. Results. Non-adherence was significantly associated with higher income (OR=5.8), high maternal education (OR=2.4), white skin color (OR=2.9), and obesity (OR=3.6). Conclusion. Despite the new academic-care approach, the non-adherence to treatment rate was high, and was associated with sociodemographic and nutritional factors.


Objetivo.Evaluar los factores de riesgo asociados al abandono del tratamiento en niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso u obesidad. Métodos. Estudio transversal realizado en el Centro de Obesidad Infantil, en Campina Grande, Brasil, con los registros de 208 niños y adolescentes entre 3 y 18 años de edad, divididos en dos grupos: I: abandonaron el tratamiento y II no abandonaron el tratamiento. Resultados. El abandono se asoció significativamente a mayor renta (OR=5.8), elevada escolaridad materna (OR=2.4), raza blanca (OR=2.9) y a obesidad (OR=3.6). Conclusión. El porcentaje de abandono del tratamiento fue elevado y se asoció a factores sociodemográficos y nutricionales.


Objetivo.Avaliar os fatores de risco associados ao abandono do tratamento de crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso ou obesidade. Métodos. Estudo transversal no Centro de Obesidade Infantil, em Campina Grande, Brasil, com os registros de 208 crianças e adolescentes, entre 3 e 18 anos de idade, divididos em dois grupos: Grupo I compreendendo os que abandonaram o tratamento e Grupo II para aqueles que não abandonaram o tratamento. Resultados. O abandono associou-se significativamente à maior renda (OR=5.8), elevada escolaridade materna (OR=2.4), cor branca (OR=2.9) e obesidade (OR=3.6). Conclusão. O percentual de abandono ao tratamento foi elevado e associado a fatores sócio-demográficos e nutricionais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Continuity of Patient Care , Overweight , Policy , Obesity
7.
REME rev. min. enferm ; 16(2): 251-257, abr.-jun. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: lil-653220

ABSTRACT

O objetivo com esta pesquisa foi verificar a percepção dos enfermeiros sobre a autonomia profissional e a utilização da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE) em uma instituição hospitalar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa descritiva, cujos dados foram coletados por grupo focal, no segundo semestre de 2007, em um hospital privado de médio porte de Curitiba-PR, com 15 enfermeiros de unidades de internação e tratados pela análise temática. Emergiram três categorias: SAE como instrumento para conquistar autonomia; Questionamentos sobre SAE como instrumento para a autonomia; e Conhecimento e tomada de decisão para a autonomia. Os participantes consideraram o conhecimento propiciado pela SAE como impulso para concretizar a autonomia profissional. O estudo favorece reflexões para a atuação do enfermeiro de maneira mais empoderada e com maior visibilidade.


This study aims at verifying nurses' perception of professional autonomy and the Systematization of Nursing Assistance (in Portuguese, SAE) in a hospital. It is a qualitative and descriptive research. Data was collected by a focus group in the second half of 2007 at a mid-sized private hospital in Curitiba-PR., and analyzed according to thematic analysis. Fifteen nurses working at inpatient units took part in the study. Three categories emerged: SAE as an instrument to reach autonomy; Queries on SAE as an instrument in order to reach autonomy; and Knowledge and decision making to attain autonomy. The participants considered the knowledge afforded by SAE as a motivation to achieve professional autonomy. The present study encourages reflections on the empowerment and more visibility of nursing actions.


El presente estudio busca analizar la percepción de los enfermeros sobre la autonomía profesional y el uso del programa Sistematización de la Atención de Enfermería (SAE) en un hospital mediano de Curitiba. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa descriptiva con datos recogidos por el grupo focal durante el segundo semestre de 2007. Quince enfermeros de las unidades de hospitalización participaron en el estudio. Del análisis temático emergieron tres categorías: SAE como instrumento para conquistar autonomía; Cuestionamientos sobre el SAE como instrumento para la autonomía y Conocimiento y para la toma de decisión para la autonomía. Los participantes consideran que el SAE propicia conocimiento que ayuda a concretar la autonomía profesional. El estudio lleva a reflexionar sobre el empoderamiento y mayor visibilidad de las acciones de los enfermeros.


Subject(s)
Humans , Professional Autonomy , Nursing Care/methods , Patient Care Planning , Professional Practice
8.
Actas Dermosifiliogr ; 101(7): 629-636, 2010 Sep.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28709545

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical management of psoriatic arthritis for patients being treated by dermatologists and rheumatologists in Spain. METHODS: Multicenter, retrospective, naturalistic observational study in which demographic and clinical variables were recorded for patients diagnosed with psoriatic arthritis. Data referred to the previous 12 months and were collected during a single visit with the physician. RESULTS: A total of 266 patients were enrolled; 78.1% were being treated by rheumatologists and 21.9% by dermatologists. The data covered 1138 visits. The main reason for consulting a physician was to monitor psoriatic arthritis (82.7% of the visits). The most widely used examination was to determine the tender- and swollen-joint count (73.1%). The tests most frequently ordered were acute-phase reactants: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (79.8%) and C reactive protein level (74.5%). Affected body surface area and the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index were the main assessments used by dermatologists. Rheumatologists tended to examine the joints and record biochemical markers. A disease-modifying antirheumatic drug was prescribed for 71.1% of the patients; 51.8% were prescribed a biologic agent (61.5% in combination with another treatment). Treatment approach differed by specialty and was modified if response was nil or partial (the rationale for 45.1% of all changes). CONCLUSION: Differences in the management of psoriatic arthritis in dermatology and rheumatology were evident in both diagnostic and treatment approaches. These 2 specialties should cooperate to establish common practice guidelines for use in Spain.

9.
Genebra; OMS; 1991. 116 p. ilus, ^e24cm.(OMS, Informes Técnicos, 810).
Monography in Spanish | LILACS, HANSEN, Hanseníase Leprosy, SESSP-ILSLACERVO, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1084665
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...