Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 78
Filter
1.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 2024 May 06.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38714470

ABSTRACT

Retinal venous occlusion (RVO) is the second most frequent cause of decreased visual acuity due to retinal vascular, after diabetic retinopathy. Its etiology is not completely clear. Current scientific evidence suggests that it is related to the atherosclerotic process given the high number of cardiovascular risk factors and the higher incidence of cardiovascular events in these patients. In fact, RVO implies a 45% higher risk of stroke, 26% of acute myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular disease, 53% of heart failure and 36% of overall mortality, compared to the general population adjusted for age, sex and the different cardiovascular risk factors. However, no increase in cardiovascular mortality has been detected. Therefore, a multidisciplinary clinical approach to this pathology is essential.

2.
Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 66(6): 37-52, nov.-dic. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535225

ABSTRACT

Resumen El endotelio es una monocapa formada por células aplanadas llamadas w, que revisten la parte más interna del corazón, los vasos sanguíneos y los linfáticos. Es considerado un órgano que tiene una función de barrera, pero además se encarga de regular la permeabilidad y tono vascular, hemostasia, inflamación y angiogénesis. Esta revisión se centra sobre todo en las generalidades del endotelio vascular sano y su disfunción. Se analizan los conceptos de activación y disfunción, en donde la activación se considera como un proceso autolimitado, indispensable para la hemostasia y la inflamación. La disfunción endotelial, en cambio, es un proceso patológico, de mayor duración y que se presenta cuando el endotelio ya no puede autorregularse y cambia a un fenotipo proinflamatorio y protrombótico permanente. Esta disfunción es el primer cambio que lleva a la ateroesclerosis y al aumento del riesgo cardiovascular, por esta razón se revisan los principales biomarcadores de disfunción endotelial y riesgo cardiovascular. A medida que se avance en el conocimiento básico del endotelio y su disfunción, será posible diseñar nuevas medidas preventivas o terapéuticas que puedan disminuir dicho riesgo.


Abstract The endothelium is a monolayer of flatten cells named endothelial cells that form the inner layer of the heart, blood, and lymphatic vessels. Its function is not just as a barrier, but it is a regulator of vascular permeability and tone, hemostasis, inflammation, and angiogenesis. This review is about the general aspects of vascular endothelium and endothelial dysfunction that leads to increased vascular risk. Activation and dysfunction are discussed, considering the endothelial activation as a self-limiting process, necessary to promote inflammation and hemostasis. Endothelial dysfunction is a pathological process in which the endothelium loses its ability for self-regulation and acquires a prothrombotic and proinflammation phenotype. Endothelial dysfunction is the initial step for atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular risk, so the main biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction are reviewed. As basic knowledge about endothelium increases, preventive or therapeutic measures can be designed as treatment or prevention the risk of its dysfunction.

3.
Nefrología (Madrid) ; 43(3): 344-350, may.-jun. 2023. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-220039

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The cardiovascular risk has been increased in chronic kidney disease associated with chronic inflammation and atherosclerosis. Decoy receptor 3, is a member of the TNF receptor superfamily and associated with inflammation and atherosclerosis. The aim of our study is to determine the relationship, between serum DcR3 levels and inflammatory markers in patients with renal transplantation, those receiving dialysis treatment and cases with chronic renal failure that did not receive replacement therapy, and to evaluate their correlation with USG findings. Material and methods: A total of 150 patients aged between 22–86 years, consisting of 4 groups, namely renal transplantation, dialysis, predialysis chronic kidney disease and control groups, were included in the study. Serum decoy receptor 3, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and IL-8 measured with ELISA method. Carotid intima-media thickness and presence of carotis arter plaque performed by ultrasound probe, non-invasively. Results: All serum markers were higher in dialysis and pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease groups compared to renal transplant and control groups (p<0.05). Serum decoy receptor 3 level (median(min–max)) of renal transplant group (0.49ng/mL (0.19–1.65)) was higher than control group (0.35ng/mL (0.19–2.22)). There was no difference between patients receiving dialysis (0.89ng/mL (0.41–4.98)) and patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (0.71ng/mL (0.29–1.68)). There was no difference between patient groups in terms of the presence of plaque. (AU)


Introducción: El riesgo cardiovascular se ha incrementado en la enfermedad renal crónica asociada con la inflamación crónica y la ateroesclerosis. El decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) es un miembro de la superfamilia de receptores de TNF y está asociado con inflamación y ateroesclerosis. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es determinar la relación entre los niveles séricos de DcR3 y los marcadores inflamatorios en pacientes con trasplante renal, los que reciben tratamiento de diálisis y los casos con insuficiencia renal crónica que no recibieron terapia sustitutiva, y evaluar su correlación con los hallazgos de la ultrasonografía (USG). Material y métodos: Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 150 pacientes con edades comprendidas entre los 22 y los 86 años. Así, hay 4 grupos, que en concreto son: trasplante renal, diálisis, enfermedad renal crónica prediálisis y grupos de control. Suero DcR3, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 e IL-8 fueron medidos con el método ELISA. Espesor de la íntima-media carotídea y presencia de placa de la arteria carótida fue realizada por sonda ecográfica de forma no invasiva. Resultados: Todos los marcadores séricos fueron más altos en diálisis y enfermedad renal crónica previa a la diálisis grupos en comparación con los grupos de control y de trasplante renal (p<0,05). Nivel de DcR3 en suero (mediana [min-máx]) del grupo de trasplante renal (0,49ng/ml [0,19-1,65]) fue mayor que el grupo de control (0,35ng/ml [0,19-2,22]). No hubo diferencia entre los pacientes que recibieron diálisis (0,89ng/ml [0,41-4,98]) y los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica prediálisis (0,71ng/ml [0,29-1,68]). No hubo diferencia entre los grupos de pacientes en cuanto a la presencia de placa. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Kidney Transplantation , Atherosclerosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
4.
Medisan ; 27(1)feb. 2023. tab,graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1440564

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen la primera causa de muerte en Cuba y el mundo. Objetivo: Identificar los factores predictivos de defunciones por enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica en personas de edad avanzada. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico, de tipo caso-control, que incluyó a 237 pacientes fallecidos a causa de cardiopatía ateroesclerótica (casos) y 711 ancianos vivos (controles), pertenecientes a 3 áreas de salud del municipio de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero hasta diciembre de 2021. Resultados: Los factores predictivos que formaron parte del modelo fueron el tabaquismo, la dieta poco saludable, el sedentarismo, la diabetes mellitus, la enfermedad renal crónica, la fragilidad, el deterioro cognitivo y la multimorbilidad. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo tradicionales seleccionados en este estudio, combinados con otras condiciones potenciales, mejoraron la predicción de la mortalidad por cardiopatías en ancianos y facilitaron la orientación de las intervenciones preventivas en este grupo poblacional.


Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases constitute the first death cause in Cuba and the world. Objective: To identify the predictive factors of deaths due to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in elderly people. Methods: An analytic case-control type study was carried out that included 237 dead patients due to atherosclerotic heart disease (cases) and 711 living elderly (control), belonging to 3 health areas of Santiago de Cuba municipality, from January to December, 2021. Results: The predictive factors that were part of the model were nicotine addiction, not very healthy diet, physical inactivity, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease, fragility, cognitive deterioration and multimorbidity. Conclusions: The traditional risk factors selected in this study, combined with other potential conditions, improved the prediction of mortality due to heart disease in elderly and facilitated the orientation of preventive interventions in this population group.


Subject(s)
Atherosclerosis
5.
Nefrologia (Engl Ed) ; 43(3): 344-350, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36517358

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The cardiovascular risk has been increased in chronic kidney disease associated with chronic inflammation and atherosclerosis. Decoy receptor 3, is a member of the TNF receptor superfamily and associated with inflammation and atherosclerosis. The aim of our study is to determine the relationship, between serum DcR3 levels and inflammatory markers in patients with renal transplantation, those receiving dialysis treatment and cases with chronic renal failure that did not receive replacement therapy, and to evaluate their correlation with USG findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 150 patients aged between 22-86 years, consisting of 4 groups, namely renal transplantation, dialysis, predialysis chronic kidney disease and control groups, were included in the study. Serum decoy receptor 3, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and IL-8 measured with ELISA method. Carotid intima-media thickness and presence of carotis arter plaque performed by ultrasound probe, non-invasively. RESULTS: All serum markers were higher in dialysis and pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease groups compared to renal transplant and control groups (p<0.05). Serum decoy receptor 3 level (median(min-max)) of renal transplant group (0.49ng/mL (0.19-1.65)) was higher than control group (0.35ng/mL (0.19-2.22)). There was no difference between patients receiving dialysis (0.89ng/mL (0.41-4.98)) and patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (0.71ng/mL (0.29-1.68)). There was no difference between patient groups in terms of the presence of plaque. CONCLUSION: Although renal transplantation provides a significant improvement in the inflammatory process, not return completely. Inflammatory process associated with uremic milieu may predispose to atherosclerosis in patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis patients.

6.
Angiol. (Barcelona) ; 74(6): 292-304, Nov-Dic. 2022. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-213701

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad arterial periférica tiene lugar debido a la obstrucción a nivel arterial. Esta obstrucción está dadaprincipalmente por la ateroesclerosis resultante a su vez de la acumulación de lípidos y de material fibroso entrela túnica íntima y muscular propia de la pared de los vasos sanguíneos. La consecuente disminución del flujosanguíneo puede presentarse de manera asintomática o manifestarse con síntomas de insuficiencia arterial como:claudicación intermitente, dolor en reposo en el grupo muscular afectado o pérdida tisular (úlceras). Esta última esuno de los signos más evidentes de isquemia de la extremidad. Los factores de riesgo son similares a los factoresde riesgo cardiovascular (hipertensión arterial, tabaquismo, hiperlipidemias, diabetes o síndrome metabólico). Parallevar a cabo su diagnóstico se requiere una adecuada historia clínica, un examen físico exhaustivo (disminuciónde pulsos periféricos), el índice tobillo-brazo (ITB) y, además, la utilización de herramientas diagnósticas como son:dúplex, la tomografía computarizada y la resonancia magnética. El manejo dependerá del estadio de la enfermedady va dirigido al alivio de los síntomas y a la disminución del riesgo de progresión de enfermedad cardiovascular.(AU)


Peripheral arterial disease occurs due to obstruction at the arterial level. This obstruction is mainly due to atheroscle-rosis resulting in turn from the accumulation of lipids and fibrous material between the tunica intima and muscularispropria of the blood vessel wall. The consequent decrease in blood flow can present asymptomatically or manifestwith symptoms of arterial insufficiency such as: intermittent claudication, pain at rest in the affected muscle group,tissue loss (ulcers), the latter being one of the most evident signs of ischemia of the the limb. The risk factors aresimilar to cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, diabetes or metabolic syndrome). Tocarry out the diagnosis of it, an adequate clinical history is required, an exhaustive physical examination (decreasedperipheral pulses), the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and also the use of diagnostic tools such as: duplex, tomographycomputed and magnetic resonance imaging. Management will depend on the stage of the disease and is aimedat relieving symptoms and reducing the risk of progression of cardiovascular disease.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Peripheral Vascular Diseases/diagnosis , Peripheral Vascular Diseases/drug therapy , Atherosclerosis , Ankle Brachial Index , Ischemia , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex , Blood Vessels , Lymphatic Vessels
7.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 92(3): 305-311, jul.-sep. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1393824

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Patients with psoriasis have an increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors as well as cardiovascular disease. Objective: To determine if patients with psoriasis and metabolic syndrome (MS) have a higher frequency of subclinical atherosclerosis compared with those with psoriasis without MS. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with psoriasis; MS was defined according to ATP III criteria. Demographic, clinical, and anthropometric data were obtained. Blood chemistry, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and insulin were measure. Subclinical atherosclerosis was defined as high carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) by Mode B ultrasound. Results: 92 patients with psoriasis were included, 67 (72.8%) with MS and 25 (27.2%) without MS. Subjects with psoriasis and MS had significantly higher weight, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, insulin resistance, hs-CRP, and lower level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared with subjects without MS. High CIMT was greater in patients with psoriasis and MS than in those without MS. Age and MS were independent predictors of increased CIMT after multiple linear regression analysis. Conclusions: MS is associated with greater inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with psoriasis.


Resumen Introducción: Los pacientes con psoriasis tienen prevalencia incrementada de factores de riesgo y enfermedad cardiovascular. Objetivo: Determinar si los pacientes con psoriasis y síndrome metabólico (SM) tienen mayor frecuencia de ateroesclerosis subclínica comparados con pacientes con psoriasis y sin SM. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal, en pacientes con psoriasis; SM fue definido con base en criterios ATP III. Se obtuvieron datos demográficos, clínicos y antropométricos. Se realizó química sanguínea, proteína C reactiva de alta sensibilidad (PCR-hs) e insulina. Ateroesclerosis subclínica fue definida como grosor de íntima-media carotídeo (GIMC) elevado, medido por ultrasonido tipo B. Resultados: Se incluyeron 92 pacientes con psoriasis, 67 (72.8 %) con SM y 25 (27.2 %) sin SM. Los sujetos con psoriasis y SM tuvieron valores significativamente más elevados de peso, índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de cintura, tensión arterial sistólica, glucosa, insulina, triglicéridos, resistencia a insulina, PCR-hs y menores niveles de colesterol de alta densidad, comparados con sujetos sin SM. El GIMC fue mayor en pacientes con psoriasis y SM. La edad y el SM fueron predictores independientes de mayor GIMC después de realizar múltiples análisis de regresión lineal. Conclusiones: Síndrome metabólico está asociado con mayor inflamación y ateroesclerosis subclínica en pacientes con psoriasis.

8.
Clín. investig. arterioscler. (Ed. impr.) ; 34(3): 122-129, May.-Jun. 2022. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-206164

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los sujetos con prediabetes, definida como glucemia alterada en ayunas (IFG), tienen un riesgo cardiovascular aumentado. El objetivo principal del estudio es establecer si la prediabetes se asocia con la presencia de placa ateroesclerótica subclínica (pATS) en forma independiente de la edad, el sexo, la hipertensión arterial y otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional apareado por puntaje de propensión (PSM). Se incluyeron 481 sujetos con prediabetes (según los criterios de la Asociación Americana de Diabetes [ADA]) y 481 controles apareados por edad, sexo e hipertensión arterial. Se excluyeron sujetos con enfermedad coronaria y/o vascular periférica y/o diabetes. La pATS fue definida como la presencia de placa detectada por ecografía doppler carotídea. Resultados: La prevalencia de pATS fue del 34,7% en los sujetos prediabéticos comparado con el 28,8% en los controles. El odds ratio (OR) ajustado tras realizar el control por edad, sexo, hipertensión arterial y c-HDL fue de 1,29 (IC 95%: 1,12-1,48; p<0,001). La prevalencia de pATS fue del 42,3% en los sujetos prediabéticos hipertensos comparada con el 32,9% en los controles (OR: 1,49; IC 95%: 1,05-2,12; p: 0,02). También observamos mayor pATS (18,7%) en los sujetos más jóvenes (≤55 años) comparada con los controles (11,1%) de igual edad (OR: 1,83; IC 95%: 1,05-3,2; p: 0,03). Conclusiones: Los sujetos con prediabetes se asociaron con mayor prevalencia de pATS. La posibilidad (odds) de presentar ateroesclerosis subclínica fue del 29% mayor en los sujetos con prediabetes tras ajustar por edad, sexo, hipertensión arterial y c-HDL. (AU)


Introduction: Subjects with prediabetes, defined as impaired fasting blood glucose (IFG), have an increased cardiovascular risk. The main objective of the study is to establish whether prediabetes is associated with the presence of subclinical atherosclerotic plaque (pATS) regardless of age, sex, arterial hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factores. Material and methods: Observational study with propensity score matching (PSM). We included 481 subjects with prediabetes (according to the criteria of the American Diabetes Association) and 481 controls matched for age, sex, and hypertension. Subjects with coronary artery disease and/or peripheral vascular disease and/or diabetes were excluded. pATS was defined as the presence of plaque detected by carotid doppler ultrasound. Results: The prevalence of pATS was 34.7% in prediabetic subjects compared to 28.8% in controls. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) after controlling for age, sex, hypertension, and HDL-c was 1.29 (95% CI: 1.12-1.48; P<.001). The prevalence of pATS was 42.3% in hypertensive prediabetic subjects compared to 32.9% in controls (OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.05-2.12; P: .02). We also observed higher pATS (18.7%) in younger subjects (≤55 years) compared to controls (11.1%) of the same age (OR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.05-3.2; P: .03). Conclusion: Subjects with prediabetes were associated with a higher prevalence of pATS. The possibility (odds) of presenting subclinical atherosclerosis was 29% higher in subjects with prediabetes after adjusting for age, sex, hypertension and HDL-c. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Diabetes Mellitus , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension/epidemiology , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/epidemiology , Prediabetic State/complications , Prediabetic State/epidemiology , Blood Glucose , Cross-Sectional Studies , Propensity Score , Risk Factors
9.
Clin Investig Arterioscler ; 34(3): 122-129, 2022.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35120793

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Subjects with prediabetes, defined as impaired fasting blood glucose (IFG), have an increased cardiovascular risk. The main objective of the study is to establish whether prediabetes is associated with the presence of subclinical atherosclerotic plaque (pATS) regardless of age, sex, arterial hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factores. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational study with propensity score matching (PSM). We included 481 subjects with prediabetes (according to the criteria of the American Diabetes Association) and 481 controls matched for age, sex, and hypertension. Subjects with coronary artery disease and/or peripheral vascular disease and/or diabetes were excluded. pATS was defined as the presence of plaque detected by carotid doppler ultrasound. RESULTS: The prevalence of pATS was 34.7% in prediabetic subjects compared to 28.8% in controls. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) after controlling for age, sex, hypertension, and HDL-c was 1.29 (95% CI: 1.12-1.48; P<.001). The prevalence of pATS was 42.3% in hypertensive prediabetic subjects compared to 32.9% in controls (OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.05-2.12; P: .02). We also observed higher pATS (18.7%) in younger subjects (≤55 years) compared to controls (11.1%) of the same age (OR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.05-3.2; P: .03). CONCLUSION: Subjects with prediabetes were associated with a higher prevalence of pATS. The possibility (odds) of presenting subclinical atherosclerosis was 29% higher in subjects with prediabetes after adjusting for age, sex, hypertension and HDL-c.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Hypertension , Plaque, Atherosclerotic , Prediabetic State , Blood Glucose , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension/epidemiology , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/epidemiology , Prediabetic State/complications , Prediabetic State/epidemiology , Propensity Score , Risk Factors
10.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 40(3): 234-238, dic. 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388100

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 54 años que consulta por angina de esfuerzo de 2 años de evolución en quien se identifica una dilatación ectásica del árbol coronario con lesiones ateroscleróticas críticas y miocardiopatía hipertrófica septal obstructiva. Una revisión bibliográfica revela que es una asociación infrecuente de la cual solo existen reportes de casos aislados.


Abstract We present the case of a 54-year-old patient who presented with a history of 2 years with angina. Invasive studies revealed critical coronary artery stenosis coexisting with obstructive hypertrophic miopathy. This is a rare association with only isolated case reports.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnostic imaging , Atherosclerosis/complications , Atherosclerosis/diagnostic imaging , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/surgery , Echocardiography, Doppler , Dilatation, Pathologic , Atherosclerosis/surgery , Computed Tomography Angiography
11.
Rev. Investig. Salud. Univ. Boyacá ; 8(2): 18-31, 20211201. tab, fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1369435

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El signo de Frank o signo del lóbulo hendido se ha asociado con la existencia de una desorganización de las fibras elásticas y un espesamiento de las arteriolas que provoca una esclerosis vascular y una isquemia crónica local del lóbulo de la oreja.Objetivo: Determinar la relación del signo de lóbulo hendido con las enfermedades cardiovasculares en pacientes del servicio de Medicina Interna del Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de los Andes, entre diciembre de 2017 y julio de2018. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo y transversal de casos y controles, para establecer la relación entre el signo del lóbulo hendido y la enfermedad cardiovascular. Resultados: Se observa que el tabaquismo es un factor de riesgo asociado directamente con la presencia del signo del lóbulo hendido (p = 0,047), dado que existe una mayor tendencia a su aparición mientras mayor es la intensidad del tabaquismo. La presencia del signo del lóbulo genera un riesgo relativo de 2,062 veces, en cuanto a eventos cardiovasculares en comparación con aquellos quienes no lo presentan. Conclusiones: Se considera que la asociación encontrada entre el signo del lóbulo hendido, el tabaquismo y las enfermedades cardiovasculares ofrecen una herramienta fácilmente identificable de una población de riesgo mayor para el desarrollo de estas patologías.


Introduction: The sign of Frank or sign of the cleft lobe has been associated with the existence of a disorganization of the elastic fibers and a thickening of the arterioles that causes a vascular sclerosis and a chronic local ischemia of the lobe of the ear. Objectives: To determine the relationship of the split lobe sign with cardiovascular diseases in patients of the Internal Medicine service of the Autono-mous University Hospital of the Andes, December-2017 to July-2018. Methodology: A descriptive and cross-sectional observational study of cases and controls to establish a relationship between the sign of the diseased lobe and cardiovascular disease. Results: We observed Smoking is a risk factor directly associated with the presence of the cleft lobe sign p (0.047), there being a greater tendency to appear when the intensity of smoking is higher. The presence of the lobe sign generates a relative risk of 2.062 times in terms of cardiovascular events compared to those who do not. Conclusions: We consider that the association found between the sign of the cleft lobe, smoking and cardiovascular diseases, give us an easily identifiable tool for a population at higher risk for the deve-lopment of these pathologies.


Introdução: O sinal de Frank ou sinal de lóbulo fendido tem sido associado com desorganização das fibras elásticas e espessamento das arteríolas, levando à esclerose vascular e isquemia local crônica do lóbulo da orelha. Objetivo: Determinar a relação entre o sinal do lóbulo fendido e as doenças cardiovasculares em pacientes do Departamento de Medicina Interna do Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitário dos Andes, entre dezembro de 2017 e julho de 2018. Materiais e métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal, caso-controle para estabelecer a relação entre o sinal do lóbulo fendido e a doença cardiovascular. Resultado: Fumar é um fator de risco diretamente associado à presença do sinal do lóbulo fendido (p = 0,047), pois há uma tendência maior para que ele apareça quanto maior a intensidade do fumo. A presença do sinal do lóbulo gera um risco relativo 2.062 vezes maior para eventos cardiovasculares do que para aqueles sem ele. Conclusão: A associação encontrada entre o sinal do lóbulo fendido, o tabagismo e a doença cardio-vascular é considerada como uma ferramenta facilmente identificável de uma população com maior risco para o desenvolvimento dessas patologias.


Subject(s)
Hypertension , Risk , Atherosclerosis
12.
Rev. cuba. reumatol ; 23(2)ago. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1409163

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La artritis reumatoide y la aterosclerosis son dos enfermedades inflamatorias estrictamente relacionadas. Este trabajo tiene el propósito de mostrar consideraciones de diferentes autores sobre la asociación entre la aterosclerosis y la artritis reumatoide. La inflamación relacionada con la artritis reumatoide puede conducir a la aparición de aterosclerosis de varias maneras. Es importante evaluar y monitorear a los pacientes con artritis reumatoide para detectar la existencia de factores de riesgo tradicionales para la aparición de enfermedad cardiovascular, a fin de reducir el impacto en el sistema cardiovascular.


ABSTRACT Rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis are two strictly related inflammatory diseases. To show different authors' considerations on the association between atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis ―related inflammation can lead to the onset of atherosclerosis in several ways. It is important to evaluate and monitor rheumatoid arthritis patients to detect the existence of existing traditional risk factors for the appearance of CVD, in order to reduce the impact on the cardiovascular system.


Subject(s)
Humans , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications , Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
13.
Rev. cienc. med. Pinar Rio ; 25(3): e5048, 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1289138

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: la amputación puede constituir el procedimiento quirúrgico más antiguo. Objetivo: evaluar el comportamiento de las amputaciones no traumáticas de miembros inferiores en la provincia Pinar del Río durante los años 2019-2020. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y transversal de las amputaciones no traumáticas en miembros inferiores del Hospital General Docente "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" en el periodo 2019-2020. El universo estuvo constituido por 488 pacientes, se estudió la totalidad. Se empleó estadística descriptiva mediante frecuencias absolutas y relativas porcentuales. Resultados: aumentaron discretamente las amputaciones en el año 2020 (5 %) por enfermedad arterial periférica, la diabetes mellitus (60 %) fue la primera causa seguida de la ateroesclerosis obliterante, las amputaciones mayores fueron las más frecuentes con un 82 % y de ellas las supracondilias (69 %). Conclusiones: la enfermedad vascular periférica constituye un alto riesgo de amputación mayor de miembros inferiores en pacientes sin posibilidad de revascularización en correspondencia con las mayores supracondilias, la diabetes mellitus como la primera causa no traumática.


ABSTRACT Introduction: amputation may be the oldest surgical procedures. Objective: to assess the behavior of non-traumatic lower limb amputations in Pinar del Rio province during the years 2019-2020. Methods: a descriptive, longitudinal and cross-sectional study of non-traumatic lower limb amputations was conducted at Abel Santamaria Cuadrado General Teaching Hospital during the years 2019-2020. The target group comprised 488 patients, all of them were studied. Descriptive statistics was applied by means of absolute and relative percentages. Results: amputations increased discreetly in 2020 (5 %) due to peripheral vascular disease, along with diabetes mellitus being the first cause (60 %), followed by obliterating atherosclerosis with major amputations as the most frequent (82 %), and of them supracondylar amputations (69 %). Conclusions: peripheral vascular disease constitutes a high risk of lower limb amputations in patients without possibilities of revascularization in correspondence with the major supracondylar ones, and diabetes mellitus as the first cause for non-traumatic amputations.

14.
Rev. Finlay ; 10(3): 209-221, jul.-set. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1143812

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Fundamento: la coexistencia de la enfermedad arterial periférica y el síndrome coronario agudo se asocia con peor pronóstico. El índice tobillo-brazo ha demostrado ser un marcador de ateroesclerosis multisitios. Objetivo: determinar la relación entre el índice tobillo-brazo y la enfermedad arterial coronaria multivasos. Método: se realizó un estudio observacional analítico que incluyó a todos los pacientes egresados de la unidad de cuidados coronarios del Hospital Provincial Universitario Camilo Cienfuegos Gorriarán, de la provincia Sancti Spíritus, en el período comprendido entre el primero de marzo de 2011 al 30 de febrero de 2018, con diagnóstico de síndrome coronario agudo, con y sin elevación del segmento ST. Se recogieron datos clínicos, de índice tobillo-brazo, ecocardiográficos y de angiografía coronaria y se determinó la implicación pronóstica del índice en la enfermedad multivaso a través de un árbol de clasificación con las variables incluidas en el modelo de regresión logística binaria. Resultados: la enfermedad multivaso se presentó en 85,2 % pacientes, de ellos eran hombres el 81,9 %, el 85,9 % de ellos con enfermedad multivaso, la edad media fue de 59,1 años, el 52,3 % presentó SCACEST con enfermedad multivaso el 78,8 %. Los factores de riesgo más frecuentes fueron: el hábito de fumar (86,8 %), la dislipidemia (85,8 %) y la hipertensión arterial (84,8 %) en el grupo con enfermedad multivaso e ITB=0,9 (DE=0,3). Recibieron tratamiento con clopidogrel (86,1 %), ácido acetilsalicílico (86,3 %), IECA o ARA II (85,8 %), estatinas (73,2 %), betabloqueantes (87,5 %) y nitratos (86,3 %). En la angiografía, el 85,2 % presentó una enfermedad coronaria severa. Las dos variables predictoras fueron: el SCASEST y el ITB≤0,9 que mostraron un elevado valor predictivo positivo en el pronóstico de enfermedad arterial coronaria multivaso. Conclusiones: el índice tobillo-brazo<0,9 mostró una capacidad predictiva para la enfermedad multivaso que se incrementa si se asocia a la diabetes mellitus y el hábito de fumar.


ABSTRACT Background: the coexistence of peripheral arterial disease and acute coronary syndrome is associated with a worse prognosis. The ankle-brachial index has been shown to be a marker of multisite atherosclerosis. Objective: to determine the relationship between the ankle-brachial index and coronary artery disease. Method: an analytical observational study was carried out that included all the patients discharged from the coronary care unit of the Camilo Cienfuegos Gorriarán Provincial University Hospital, of the Sancti Spíritus province, in the period from March 1, 2011 to February 30 of 2018, with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, with and without ST segment elevation. Clinical data, ankle-brachial index, echocardiography and coronary angiography were collected and the prognostic implication of the index in disease was determined through a classification tree with the variables included in the binary logistic regression model. Results: multivessel disease occurred in 85.2 % patients, 81.9 % of them were men, 85.9 % of them with multivessel disease, the mean age was 59.1 years, 52.3 % presented STEACS with multivessel disease 78.8 %. The most frequent risk factors were: smoking (86.8 %), dyslipidemia (85.8 %) and arterial hypertension (84.8 %) in the group with multivessel disease and ABI = 0.9 (SD = 0.3). They received treatment with clopidogrel (86.1 %), acetylsalicylic acid (86.3 %), ACEI or ARB (85.8 %), statins (73.2 %), beta-blockers (87.5 %) and nitrates (86, 3 %). On angiography, 85.2 % had severe coronary disease. The two-predictor variables were: NSTEACS and ABI≤0.9, which showed a high positive predictive value in the prognosis of multivessel coronary artery disease. Conclusions: ankle-brachial index <0.9 showed a predictive capacity for multivessel disease that increases if it is associated with diabetes mellitus and smoking.

15.
Nefrologia (Engl Ed) ; 40(5): 514-521, 2020.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32493675

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The hypertriglyceridaemic waist (HTW) phenotype is defined for the general population. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) tends to bring on changes in body composition, is associated with higher comorbidity than the general population and, furthermore, shows reverse epidemiology with related prognostic variables like cholesterol and body mass index. Our objective was to identify cut-off points in the population with CKD and to analyse its relationship with cardiovascular risk (CVR). METHODS: We included 2271 CKD patients from the NEFRONA cohort. Triglyceride and waist cut-off points were selected through quintiles analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves evaluation, using the presence of moderate to severe atherosclerosis score (AS 2-3) as outcome variable. Then, we analysed HTW prevalence and its association with other cardiovascular risk factors, and we measured the magnitude of its effect on AS 2-3 and cardiovascular event or death (CVEoD) by multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS: We selected the cut-off points: triglyceride concentrations ≥143 mg/dl with waist circumference values>102cm in men and 94cm in women (sensitivity 26%; specificity 87%). Specific HTW prevalence was 22.4%, without significative differences between CKD stages. The multivariate regression analysis shows specific HTW as an independent AS 2-3 (OR 1.61; 95% CI: 1.12-2.32, p=0.011) and CVEoD (HR 3.08; 95% CI: 1.66-5.72, p=0.000) risk factor. An interaction between phosphorus level and specific HTW was identified. CONCLUSIONS: Adapting the HTW definition might improve specificity to assess cardiovascular risk in the population with CKD. It identifies an additional CVR in a population in which other screening methods have not proven to be useful, and it is easily clinically accessible. Its interaction with phosphorus levels suggests an association between HTW and bone-mineral metabolism regulation.


Subject(s)
Heart Disease Risk Factors , Hypertriglyceridemic Waist/complications , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Aged , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
16.
Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 63(2): 24-32, mar.-abr. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1155393

ABSTRACT

Resumen: La trombosis mesentérica representa una urgencia vascular condicionada por la interrupción abrupta del flujo sanguíneo, ya sea arterial o venoso; el cuadro clínico puede ser inespecífico, lo cual puede representar un reto diagnóstico. De acuerdo con su etiología vascular, se requiere un enfoque terapéutico diferente. Si hay sospecha clínica o signos de peritonitis, el diagnóstico por imagen puede apoyar a identificar la patología presentada. En esta ocasión, se presenta caso clínico de una paciente de 84 años que acude al servicio de urgencias por dolor abdominal generalizado, que condujo a la realización de un estudio de imagen diagnóstico para confirmar tal hallazgo.


Abstract: Mesenteric thrombosis represents a vascular urgency caused by the abrupt interruption of blood flow, whether arterial or venous; clinical presentation can be nonspecific, which can represent a diagnostic challenge. According to its vascular etiology, a different therapeutic approach is required. If there is clinical suspicion or signs of peritonitis, the imaging diagnosis can support to identify the presented pathology. On this occasion, there is a clinical case of an 84-year-old patient who goes to the emergency department for generalized abdominal pain, which led to a diagnostic imaging study, to confirm this finding.

17.
Med. interna Méx ; 35(3): 441-447, may.-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1154818

ABSTRACT

Resumen: La embolia por cristales de colesterol es una enfermedad sistémica caracterizada por la oclusión de pequeñas arterias debido al desprendimiento de los mismos desde las placas de ateroma formadas en las paredes de arterias principales. Este caso clínico corresponde a un paciente masculino de 77 años de edad con factores de riesgo de enfermedad vascular que ingresó al servicio de urgencias por disnea y ortopnea. Se diagnosticó un cuadro clínico de insuficiencia cardiaca aguda y recibió tratamiento médico con buena respuesta. Se realizó una cinecoronariografía que evidenció severa ateroesclerosis coronaria con enfermedad de tres vasos, recibió tratamiento endovascular con colocación de endoprótesis vasculares. Luego de 20 días el paciente evolucionó con deposiciones melénicas, oligoanuria y claudicación intermitente progresiva en ambos miembros inferiores. Se observó obstrucción del flujo arterial en ambas arterias pedias por ecografía doppler; las biopsias de la piel de los pies revelaron signos vasculares correspondientes a depósitos de cristales de colesterol. Se interpretó enfermedad por embolia de cristales de colesterol secundario a las maniobras de cateterización previa, que provocaron alteraciones multiorgánicas isquémicas y persistentes. Resulta interesante este padecimiento porque es un proceso grave que demanda alto grado de sospecha clínica, el diagnóstico definitivo se establece mediante biopsia de las lesiones cutáneas, el pronóstico depende de la extensión de la enfermedad y en la actualidad no existe un tratamiento específico.


Abstract: The cholesterol crystal embolism is a systemic disease characterized by the occlusion of small arteries due these crystals, which come from the atheroma plaques of the walls of major arteries. This clinical case corresponds to a 77-year-old male patient with risk factors for cardiovascular disease who entered at the emergency service due dyspnea and orthopnea. In the Coronary Unit, a clinical status of acute heart failure was diagnosed, receiving medical treatment with good response. It was decided to perform a coronary angiography which showed a severe coronary atherosclerosis with 3-vessel compromised and endovascular treatment was performed with stent placement. After 20 days, the patient evolved with melenic depositions oligoanuria and progressive intermittent claudication in both lower limbs. Obstruction of arterial flow was observed in both pedia arteries by doppler ultrasound. Skin biopsies of lower limbs revealed vascular signs of deposits of cholesterol crystals. It was recognized as a cholesterol crystal disease secondary to previous medical catheterization procedures, causing ischemia and persistent alterations in the digestive and renal systems as well as in the skin of the lower limbs. This is an important affection because it is a serious process that demands a high level of clinical suspicion, the definitive diagnosis is established through the biopsy of the cutaneous lesions and the prognosis depends on the extension of the disease. Nowadays, there is no specific medical treatment of this disease.

18.
Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) ; 72(6): 487-494, 2019 Jun.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31053376

ABSTRACT

In the last few years, there has been growing interest in the relationship between cancer and cardiovascular disease. The increase in life expectancy in both diseases has led to their frequent coexistence in the same patient, which can lead to adverse drug reactions that increase patient risk. This is especially relevant in the case of atherosclerosis, which seems to share a common pathophysiological substrate with cancer. In this review, we analyze these common risk factors, and specifically analyze the relationship between different cancer treatments with the risk of coronary or cerebrovascular disease, as well as the current scientific evidence on the possible relationship between antiplatelet therapy and cancer risk. We also review the incidence and prognosis of cancer in patients with atherosclerosis and vice versa, based on the information reported in the most recently published studies in the field of cardio-oncology.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Atherosclerosis/etiology , Neoplasms/complications , Atherosclerosis/epidemiology , Global Health , Humans , Incidence , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Prognosis , Risk Factors
19.
Med. leg. Costa Rica ; 36(1): 84-90, ene.-mar. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002561

ABSTRACT

Resumen La Enfermedad arterial periférica se desarrolla por la obstrucción a nivel arterial. La resultante reducción en el flujo sanguíneo puede ser asintomática o producir síntomas de insuficiencia arterial como claudicación intermitente, dolor en reposo en el grupo muscular afectado, así como la presencia de diversos grados de pérdida tisular, como úlceras, siendo éste uno de los signos más evidentes de isquemia de la extremidad. Debido a que la mayoría de los casos de Enfermedad arterial periférica tiene como etiología la ateroesclerosis resultante de la acumulación de lípidos y material fibroso entre las capas de la pared arterial en miembros inferiores, el presente artículo se centra en esta etiología como causa de la Enfermedad arterial periférica en miembros inferiores.


Abstract Peripheral artery disease is developed for an arterial obstruction. The reduction in blood flow can be asymptomatic or produce symptoms of arterial insufficiency such as intermittent claudication or rest pain in the affected muscle group, as well as the presence of different degrees of tissue loss, such as ulcers, being one of the most obvious signs of ischemia in the limb. Because the majority of cases of peripheral artery disease are caused for the atherosclerosis resulted for the accumulation of lipids and fibrous material between the layers of the artery in the lower limbs, the present article is focus on this etiology as the cause of peripheral artery disease in lower extremity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Lower Extremity , Endothelium , Atherosclerosis , Ankle Brachial Index , Peripheral Arterial Disease/diagnosis , Intermittent Claudication
20.
Rev. medica electron ; 40(6): 1835-1855, nov.-dic. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-978706

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: las enfermedades cardiovasculares actualmente son la principal causa de muerte en los países industrializados y se espera que también lo sean en los países en vías de desarrollo en el año 2020. Entre ellas la enfermedad arterial coronaria es la manifestación más prevalente, y se asocia a alta morbimortalidad. La ateroesclerosis es su principal génesis y por tanto los trastornos del metabolismo de los lípidos. Objetivo: determinar el perfil lipídico en pacientes egresados por síndrome coronario agudo. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva, transversal, correlacional en los pacientes egresados del servicio de cardiología del hospital Faustino Pérez en el período comprendido entre enero y diciembre del 2015. Resultados: se observó un aumento de los lípidos colesterol, triglicéridos, LDL-c, VLDL y Lp (a) en más del 50% de los pacientes estudiados. Los índices de Apo B/Apo A y Col/HDL-c marcaron como indicador de alto riesgo en un 67,5 y 58,75 % respectivamente. La HDL-c considerada como factor protector, resultó disminuida en más del 50% de los pacientes. Conclusiones: se detectó correlación entre el síndrome coronario agudo y trastornos en el metabolismo de los lípidos. Se recomienda realizar estudios observacionales epidemiológicos para determinar la verdadera influencia de estos factores como agente causal de síndrome coronario agudo (AU).


ABSTRACT Introduction: Currently, cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in developed countries, and it is believed that they also will be the same in developing countries in 2020 year. Among them, coronary arterial disease is the most prevalent manifestation, and is associated to high morbi-mortality. Atherosclerosis is its most important cause and consequently the disorders of the lipids metabolism. Objective: determining the lipid profile in patients discharged for acute coronary syndrome. Materials and methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational research was carried out in patients discharged from the service of Cardiology of the hospital Faustino Perez in the period from January to December 2015. Results: it was found an increase of the lipids cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, VLDL and Lp(a) in more than 50 % of the studied patients. The indexes of Apo B/Apo A and Col/HDL-c were high risk indicators in 67.5 and 58.75 % respectively. HDL-c, considered as a protecting factor, was diminished in more than 50 % of the patients. Conclusions: a correlation was found between the acute coronary syndrome and disturbances in the lipids metabolism. We recommend performing epidemiologic, observational studies to determine the real influence of these factors as causal agent of the acute coronary syndrome (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases , Risk Factors , Morbidity , Acute Coronary Syndrome/epidemiology , Lipids/analysis , Coronary Artery Disease , Cardiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Disease Prevention , Free Radicals/blood , Correlation of Data , Life Style
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...