ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The hallmark of attachment is that contact, proximity and relief from stress are sought from specific individuals, laying important groundwork for healthy socioemotional functioning. This study investigated the extent to which differentiated attachment behaviour can be observed in young children with significant developmental delay (DD). METHOD: Video-taped observations of the parent-child and stranger-child interaction were conducted at home and complemented with questionnaires in 20 families with a child with significant DD (age 2-7 years with an average DD of 49 months). RESULTS: Children displayed more intense and persistent contact-seeking, contact-maintaining and resistant behaviour in the episodes with their parent compared to the episodes with the stranger. Parent-reported secure attachment behaviour was slightly more characteristic towards mother compared to father. CONCLUSIONS: Even children with significant DD develop differentiated attachment behaviour. Detailed observations may support parents in identifying the interactions that make the attachment relationship with their child special.
Subject(s)
Developmental Disabilities/psychology , Intellectual Disability/psychology , Interpersonal Relations , Object Attachment , Parent-Child Relations , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Resumen La presente investigación tiene por objetivo determinar las características y problemáticas que se presentan en el funcionamiento familiar de 389 niños, niñas y adolescentes víctimas de graves vulneraciones de derechos en Chile, mediante la aplicación de la Escala deEvaluación Familiar de Carolina del Norte (NCFAS-G). Sus resultados identifican problemáticas centrales en esta muestra, tales como una moderada vulnerabilidad socioeconómica, dificultades en las interacciones entre sus miembros y con su entorno (familia, vecindario), así como debilitamiento de las competencias parentales.Se concluye que las variables de dinámica relacional de la familia y la pareja, los vínculos afectivos, la parentalidad y la autonomía familiar requieren ser abordadas mediante una intervención integral, sistémica, coordinada y oportuna.
Abstract The present research aims to determine the characteristics and problems that occur in the family functioning of 389 children and adolescents victims of serious violations of rights in Chile, through the implementation of the North Carolina Family Assessment Scale (NCFAS-G). The results identify central problems in this sample, such as a moderate socio-economic vulnerability, difficulties in the interactions between their members and their environment (family, neighbourhood), as well as weakening of parental competences. The conclusion is that the variables of relational dynamics of the family and the couple, affective bonds, parenthood and family autonomy need to be addressed through an integral, systemic, coordinated and timely intervention.
Subject(s)
Child Abuse/statistics & numerical data , Child Advocacy , Family RelationsABSTRACT
AIM: Bowlby's attachment intergenerational transmission theory suggests that a woman's attachment to her parents, particularly her mother, plays an important role in her future parenting. We studied whether there was any association between pregnant women's attachment to their baby before and after birth and their relationships with their mothers. METHODS: A longitudinal study was carried out in 2015 on 201 first-time mothers recruited in the maternity ward of the level two Misericordia e Dolce Hospital in Prato, Italy. At 32 weeks of pregnancy, the women filled in the Parental Bonding Instrument and the Prenatal Attachment Inventory and their spontaneous attachment behaviour towards their newborn infants were observed in the nursery during the first two days after childbirth. RESULTS: Having a good relationship with their own mothers was a positive predictor for the women's prenatal attachment to their baby and caregiving and attachment behaviour to their newborn infants. In addition, the mothers' prenatal attachment positively predicted their behavioural attachment pattern after birth. CONCLUSION: We found that women who had positive relationships with their own mothers also had positive attachments to their unborn babies and in the period immediately after birth. Our findings supported Bowlby's attachment intergenerational transmission theory.
Subject(s)
Maternal Behavior/psychology , Mother-Child Relations/psychology , Mothers/psychology , Object Attachment , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Italy , Young AdultABSTRACT
One of the most discussed questions in clinical literature concerns the impact of child abuse by mentally ill parents (cf. Mattejat, 1998). It's obvious that most children cannot understand such a parental behaviour and that this lack of understanding along with the lack of knowledge about their parents' emotional disorder results in childrens' fear, disorientation and uncertainty. The consequences are massive interferences in the relationship between parents and children, who could develop an anxious-resistant insecure or even a disorganized/disoriented attachment. But how does a child react, if the behaviour of its parents is ambivalent itself and alternates from abuse to care? Such a parental behaviour is described as the "Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome". This article regards the effects of a "Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome" on the childrens' attachment development. After discussing the basic assumptions about the "Munchhauen by Proxy Syndrome" and the attachment theory we draw conclusions about the syndrome's effect on childrens' attachment behaviour.
Subject(s)
Child of Impaired Parents/psychology , Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy/diagnosis , Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy/psychology , Reactive Attachment Disorder/diagnosis , Reactive Attachment Disorder/psychology , Child , Child Abuse/psychology , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Mother-Child Relations/psychology , Mothers/psychology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
O comprometimento organizacional é um dos tópicos de pesquisa mais investigados no campo do comportamento organizacional e a gênese da sua importância reside no reconhecimento do amplo poder explicativo do construto. Tendo em vista a aparente sobreposição reportada na literatura entre a dimensão afetiva e a dimensão normativa do comprometimento, foi proposto o construto de consentimento para diferenciar trabalhadores comprometidos (vínculo ativo) de obedientes (vínculo passivo). O presente artigo busca contribuir para estabelecer os limites entre os construtos do comprometimento e consentimento organizacionais. O estudo consistiu em um survey de corte transversal entre 994 trabalhadores de diferentes organizações e segmentos produtivos. A análise sugere indícios de validade discriminante entre os construtos como se pode perceber, por exemplo, em relação às diferenças na magnitude do efeito das variáveis sociodemográficas na explicação das duas bases do comprometimento e do consentimento e pela baixa correlação entre o consentimento a base normativa (r=0,240).(AU)
The organizational commitment is one of the most investigated topics of research in the field of organizational behavior and the genesis of its importance lies in recognizing the broad explanatory power of the construct. Given the apparent overlap reported in the literature between the affective and the normative dimensions of commitment, it has been proposed the construct of organizational compliance to differentiate committed workers from obedient ones. This article aims to establish the boundaries between the constructs of organizational commitment and consent. The study consisted of a cross-sectional survey with 994 workers from different organizations and production segments. The analysis suggests evidence of discriminant validity between consent, affective commitment and normative commitment. This can be observed in the different effect size of socio demographic variables on commitment and consent and the low correlation between consent and normative base of commitment (r=240).(AU)
El compromiso organizacional es uno de los temas más investigados en el campo del comportamiento organizacional y su importancia radica en el reconocimiento del amplio poder explicativo del constructo. Dada la aparente superposición entre la dimensión afectiva y la dimensión normativa del compromiso registrada en la literatura, fue propuesto el constructo del consentimiento para diferenciar los trabajadores comprometidos (vínculo activo) de los obedientes (vínculo pasivo). Este artículo busca contribuir para establecer los límites entre los constructos del compromiso y el consentimiento organizacional. El estudio consistió en un survey transversal con 994 trabajadores de diferentes organizaciones y segmentos productivos. El análisis señala indicios de validez discriminante entre los constructos, como puede verse por ejemplo, en relación a las diferencias en la magnitud del efecto de las variables socio-demográficas, en la explicación de las dos bases del compromiso y el consentimiento y por la baja correlación entre la base normativa y el consentimiento (r=0,240).(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Job Satisfaction , Guideline Adherence , Psychology, Industrial , Personnel LoyaltyABSTRACT
O comprometimento organizacional é um dos tópicos de pesquisa mais investigados no campo do comportamento organizacional e a gênese da sua importância reside no reconhecimento do amplo poder explicativo do construto. Tendo em vista a aparente sobreposição reportada na literatura entre a dimensão afetiva e a dimensão normativa do comprometimento, foi proposto o construto de consentimento para diferenciar trabalhadores comprometidos (vínculo ativo) de obedientes (vínculo passivo). O presente artigo busca contribuir para estabelecer os limites entre os construtos do comprometimento e consentimento organizacionais. O estudo consistiu em um survey de corte transversal entre 994 trabalhadores de diferentes organizações e segmentos produtivos. A análise sugere indícios de validade discriminante entre os construtos como se pode perceber, por exemplo, em relação às diferenças na magnitude do efeito das variáveis sociodemográficas na explicação das duas bases do comprometimento e do consentimento e pela baixa correlação entre o consentimento a base normativa (r=0,240)...
The organizational commitment is one of the most investigated topics of research in the field of organizational behavior and the genesis of its importance lies in recognizing the broad explanatory power of the construct. Given the apparent overlap reported in the literature between the affective and the normative dimensions of commitment, it has been proposed the construct of organizational compliance to differentiate committed workers from obedient ones. This article aims to establish the boundaries between the constructs of organizational commitment and consent. The study consisted of a cross-sectional survey with 994 workers from different organizations and production segments. The analysis suggests evidence of discriminant validity between consent, affective commitment and normative commitment. This can be observed in the different effect size of socio demographic variables on commitment and consent and the low correlation between consent and normative base of commitment (r=240)...
El compromiso organizacional es uno de los temas más investigados en el campo del comportamiento organizacional y su importancia radica en el reconocimiento del amplio poder explicativo del constructo. Dada la aparente superposición entre la dimensión afectiva y la dimensión normativa del compromiso registrada en la literatura, fue propuesto el constructo del consentimiento para diferenciar los trabajadores comprometidos (vínculo activo) de los obedientes (vínculo pasivo). Este artículo busca contribuir para establecer los límites entre los constructos del compromiso y el consentimiento organizacional. El estudio consistió en un survey transversal con 994 trabajadores de diferentes organizaciones y segmentos productivos. El análisis señala indicios de validez discriminante entre los constructos, como puede verse por ejemplo, en relación a las diferencias en la magnitud del efecto de las variables socio-demográficas, en la explicación de las dos bases del compromiso y el consentimiento y por la baja correlación entre la base normativa y el consentimiento (r=0,240)...
