ABSTRACT
The Neotropical planthopper genus Trigava O'Brien, 1999 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Dictyopharidae, Nersiini) is revised. Four species are included: T.brachycephala (Melichar, 1912) (the type species, from Peru), T.obrieni Song, Malenovský & Deckert, sp. nov. (from Brazil), T.peruensis Song, O'Brien & Bartlett, sp. nov. (from Peru), and T.recurva (Melichar, 1912) (from Bolivia and Peru). Lectotypes are designated for Igavabrachycephala Melichar, 1912 and Igavarecurva Melichar, 1912. All species are described, including habitus photographs and detailed illustrations of the male genitalia. Male and female genitalia are described for this genus for the first time. A key for identification of the species of Trigava and a distribution map are provided.
ABSTRACT
Satellite DNAs (satDNAs) constitute one of the main components of eukaryote genomes and are involved in chromosomal organization and diversification. Although largely studied, little information was gathered about their evolution on holocentric species, i.e., diffuse centromeres, which, due to differences in repeat organization, could result in different evolutionary patterns. Here, we combined bioinformatics and cytogenetic approaches to evaluate the evolution of the satellitomes in Mahanarva holocentric insects. In two species, de novo identification revealed a high number of satDNAs, 110 and 113, with an extreme monomer length range of 18-4228 bp. The overall abundance of satDNAs was observed to be 6.67% in M. quadripunctata and 1.98% in M. spectabilis, with different abundances for the shared satDNAs. Chromosomal mapping of the most abundant repeats of M. quadripunctata and M. spectabilis on other Mahanarva reinforced the dynamic nature of satDNAs. Variable patterns of chromosomal distribution for the satDNAs were noticed, with the occurrence of clusters on distinct numbers of chromosomes and at different positions and the occurrence of scattered signals or nonclustered satDNAs. Altogether, our data demonstrated the high dynamism of satDNAs in Mahanarva with the involvement of this genomic fraction in chromosome diversification of the genus. The general characteristics and patterns of evolution of satDNAs are similar to those observed on monocentric chromosomes, suggesting that the differential organization of genome compartments observed on holocentric chromosomes compared with monocentric chromosomes does not have a large impact on the evolution of satDNAs. Analysis of the satellitomes of other holocentric species in a comparative manner will shed light on this issue.
Subject(s)
Centromere , DNA, Satellite , Animals , DNA, Satellite/genetics , Chromosome Mapping , Centromere/genetics , Genomics , Insecta/genetics , Evolution, MolecularABSTRACT
A new species of the leafhopper genus Andanus Linnavuori, 1959 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Athysanini), A. tambopixunensis sp. nov., is described. Materials studied were intercepted using Malaise and light traps in the Tambopata National Reserve (Peru) and the Amazonian Forest (Brazil). The genera Perundanus Zanol, 1993 syn. nov. and Paralaca Lozada, 1998 syn. nov. are recognized as junior synonyms of Andanus based on morphological comparison. The type species of Perundanus and Paralaca, A. raunoi (Zanol, 1993) comb. nov. and A. sordidus (Lozada, 1998) comb. nov., respectively, are transferred to Andanus. A detailed redescription of the genus and illustrations of external and genital morphology are provided as well as a key to the known species. The new species differs from other species in having a pygofer without processes, subgenital plates divergent, and aedeagus with a pair of short dorsoapical and single ventroapical spine. Comparative notes on morphological similarities of Andanus to other Neotropical Athysanini genera are discussed.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Hemiptera/anatomy & histology , Hemiptera/classification , Peru , Species Specificity , BrazilABSTRACT
Marganana DeLong, 1948 currently includes three species known to occur in the United States, Mexico and Guyana. In this paper, we describe a new species from Brazil Marganana (Declivana) tetramaculata sp. nov. which represents the first record of this genus for the country. A revised diagnosis of the subgenus Declivana is provided, along with detailed descriptions and illustrations of males and females of the new species. A key to the four species of Marganana is also provided.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Hemiptera/anatomy & histology , Hemiptera/classification , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
The new iassine leafhopper genus Cavichiassus gen. nov. is described based on Cavichiassus punctatus gen. et sp. nov from Southern of Brazil, and can be recognized by the forewing with appendix and first apical cell narrow, more membranous than adjacent cells; the vein separating appendix and first apical cell complete; the protibia with dorsal surface flat and the AD and PD margins carinate, but weakly expanded laterally; the ventral processes of pygofer conspicuous, extending ventrad; the subgenital plate small, simple, without pseudostyles or setae; the connective amorphous; the style with apodeme and apophysis very long; and the aedeagus with dorsal apodeme bearing a pair of processes directed posterad. A new combination is proposed and the male and female genitalia of Neotrocnada rutasaca (Blocker, 1979) comb. nov. are described and illustrated for the first time. Additionally, the host plant is identified for N. rutasaca comb. nov. and a new country record is given for Neotrocnada napoensis Krishnankutty Dietrich, 2012.
Subject(s)
Hemiptera , Animals , Brazil , Female , Genitalia, Female , MaleABSTRACT
Neopsis campestrissp. nov. is described and illustrated based on male and female specimens collected on native grassland at the Guartelá State Park, Paraná State, Southern Brazil. New distribution records are presented for three previously known species, Neopsis aurea Takiya & Dietrich, 2017, Neopsis myrceugeniae Takiya & Dietrich, 2017 and Neopsis robustaLinnavuori, 1965, representing the first known records of the subfamily Tartessinae for Paraná State. A distribution map is also provided to illustrate the locality data of specimens studied herein.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Hemiptera/classification , Hemiptera/growth & developmentABSTRACT
A new leafhopper genus in the tribe Gyponini is proposed based on Magnana splendidagen. nov. et sp. nov., from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Representatives of the new genus differ from other genera in the tribe mainly by the large body size, the narrow head, moderately produced anterad, the rugose crown and frons, the ventral surface of metatarsomere I with two double rows of setae, and the aedeagus bearing atrial processes. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided, as well as remarks on the morphology of other gyponine genera.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Hemiptera/classification , Body SizeABSTRACT
Abstract Neopsis campestris sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on male and female specimens collected on native grassland at the Guartelá State Park, Paraná State, Southern Brazil. New distribution records are presented for three previously known species, Neopsis aurea Takiya & Dietrich, 2017, Neopsis myrceugeniae Takiya & Dietrich, 2017 and Neopsis robusta Linnavuori, 1965, representing the first known records of the subfamily Tartessinae for Paraná State. A distribution map is also provided to illustrate the locality data of specimens studied herein.
ABSTRACT
Abstract A new leafhopper genus in the tribe Gyponini is proposed based on Magnana splendida gen. nov. et sp. nov., from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Representatives of the new genus differ from other genera in the tribe mainly by the large body size, the narrow head, moderately produced anterad, the rugose crown and frons, the ventral surface of metatarsomere I with two double rows of setae, and the aedeagus bearing atrial processes. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided, as well as remarks on the morphology of other gyponine genera.
ABSTRACT
Abstract A new leafhopper genus in the tribe Gyponini is proposed based on Magnana splendida gen. nov. et sp. nov., from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Representatives of the new genus differ from other genera in the tribe mainly by the large body size, the narrow head, moderately produced anterad, the rugose crown and frons, the ventral surface of metatarsomere I with two double rows of setae, and the aedeagus bearing atrial processes. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided, as well as remarks on the morphology of other gyponine genera.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Neopsis campestris sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on male and female specimens collected on native grassland at the Guartelá State Park, Paraná State, Southern Brazil. New distribution records are presented for three previously known species, Neopsis aurea Takiya & Dietrich, 2017, Neopsis myrceugeniae Takiya & Dietrich, 2017 and Neopsis robusta Linnavuori, 1965, representing the first known records of the subfamily Tartessinae for Paraná State. A distribution map is also provided to illustrate the locality data of specimens studied herein.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Guizhou is regarded as one hotspot for China's Erythroneurini diversity, from where numerous rare new species have been, or are being, described. A new genus and species of Erythroneurini from Huajiang, Guizhou, China, Anuihuajianga pyramidalis gen. et sp. nov. are described and illustrated. The new genus is characterized by subgenital plate extremely short, with long macrosetae dorsally at base, and small teeth-like setae at apex. The characteristic aedeagus shaped like two overlapping cones can also easily distinguish it from other genera. In general, this study further enriches the diversity of Erythroneurini in southwestern China.
ABSTRACT
Scopogonalia is a leafhopper genus with 17 described species, all of them from South America. In this work, a phylogenetic analysis of the genus was conducted based on 59 morphological and colour pattern characters of head, thorax, abdomen, male and female genitalia. Analyses with equal weights resulted in 12 equally most parsimonious trees (length = 137) including a monophyletic Scopogonalia in all of them. An implied weights (k = 15) analysis recovered two trees, one of them equal to the one obtained with a single round successive weighting procedure, which was chosen for discussion. The trees support the existence of three main clades, which are here called Early Green Clade, Late Green Clade, and Yellow-Brown Clade. The origin and diversification of each clade is discussed under available biogeographical knowledge of South America. Little variation was observed in the female genitalia, but their characters were useful to reinforce the monophyly of the Yellow-Brown Clade, which we associate to ecological adaptations. This clade supports a past connection of the Cerrado biome and savannah enclaves in Amazonia and Atlantic Forest. This conclusion highlights the necessity of conserving this open vegetation environment inside the most fragmented portion of the Atlantic Forest, in northeastern Brazil.
Subject(s)
Hemiptera , Animals , Female , Forests , Genitalia, Female , Male , PhylogenyABSTRACT
Two new species of Bertawolia and one of Momoria are described and illustrated from Brazil: Bertawolia grazielia sp. nov. from Paraná and Santa Catarina; B. lata sp. nov. from Paraná and Momoria albohabena sp. nov. from Paraná and Minas Gerais. The female genitalia of Bertawolia and Momoria species are described and illustrated by the first time. In addition, host plants for B. grazielia sp. nov. and M. albohabena sp. nov. are recorded and a key to species of Bertawolia is given.
Subject(s)
Hemiptera , Animals , Brazil , Female , Genitalia, FemaleABSTRACT
A new species of Neotropical spittlebug (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Clastopteridae), Paraclastoptera erwini sp. n., is described and illustrated from Orellana, Ecuador. This species exhibits unique features differentiating it from all known Clastoptera and serves as the genotype for a new genus Paraclastoptera gen. n. This is the second extant New World genus for the Clastopteridae, hitherto represented solely by the widespread, abundant and speciose genus Clastoptera.
Subject(s)
Hemiptera , AnimalsABSTRACT
Three new Brazilian species of Polana (Varpulana) are described and illustrated, based on males and females: P. (V.) agualimpa sp. nov., from Distrito Federal; P. (V.) feitosai sp. nov., from Piauí and P. (V.) recurva sp. nov. from Paraná. An updated key to males of P. (Varpulana) is presented, the diagnosis of the subgenus is revised and a new state record is presented to P. (V.) pandara. Additionally, morphological differences found in the dorsal sculpturing of the first valvula between the species of Polana are reported.
Subject(s)
Hemiptera , Animals , Brazil , Female , Genitalia, Female , MaleABSTRACT
Delphacid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) are a group of economically important sap-feeding insects that vector plant pathogens and are pests of crops, such as maize, wheat, and rice. This study was conducted to evaluate planthopper diversity, abundance, and the presence of potential vectors on maize crops and associated edge grass habitats. In Jalisco, west-central Mexico, delphacids were sampled using a sweep net in two different habitats (with and without irrigation) during the dry and rainy seasons of 2013 and 2014. A total of 5,621 specimens were collected and nine species were identified: Metadelphax propinqua (Fieber), Delphacodes koebelei Muir and Giffard, Delphacodes arcuata Beamer, Sogatella kolophon (Kirkaldy), Syndelphax fulvidorsum (Metcalf), Chionomus balboae (Muir & Giffard), Toya idonea (Beamer), Syndelphax humilis (Van Duzee), and Tagosodes cubanus (Crawford) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), all belonging to the tribe Delphacini (Delphacinae). A high diversity of delphacids was found in the edge grasses during the dry season and rainy season. Planthopper abundance was higher in the edge grasses than in the maize fields during the rainy season. The most abundant species was M. propinqua representing 67.5% of the specimens collected. Populations of M. propinqua in edge grasses peaked during the dry season in December and January. Metadelphax propinqua, S. kolophon, and T. cubanus are known to be potential plant pathogen vectors.
Subject(s)
Hemiptera , Animals , Crops, Agricultural , Mexico , Poaceae , Zea maysABSTRACT
We present surveys of derbid planthoppers associated with coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) collected in Northeastern (Sergipe) and North (Pará and Roraima) Brazil. The surveys were intended to contribute to our knowledge of possible vectors of phytoplasmas or other phloem-restricted plant pathogens. Eight derbid taxa were found, two in the subfamily Cedusinae, tribe Cedusini (Cedusa yipara Kramer and C. yowza Kramer) and six in the subfamily Derbinae, tribe Cenchreini: Herpis sp., Persis pugnax Stål, Omolicna anastomosa (Caldwell), O. nigripennis (Caldwell), and two new species in the genus Agoo Bahder & Bartlett are described here. Genus-level features between Omolicna and Agoo are discussed and a key to the species of Agoo is provided.