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Objective:To analyze the utilization of analgesics in ten cancer hospitals in China from 2013 to 2016;to analyze the use sta-tus of analgesics and auxiliary analgesics in Chinese patients with cancer, based on the three-step analgesic ladder principle an-nounced by the WHO and the guidelines of National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN),and to provide data for the rational use of cancer analgesics in clinical practice.Methods:A retrospective analysis method was used to extract data on the use of analgesics and auxiliary analgesics in ten cancer hospitals in China between 2013 and 2016.Subsequently,statistical analyses were conducted on the dosage form of the drugs,the total consumption,the defined daily doses(DDDs),the defined daily cost(DDC),and the drug se-quence ratio(B/A).Results:Between 2013 and 2016,patients using analgesics in China comprised 12.6% of the total number of can-cer patients and the cost of analgesics accounted for 1.5% of the total cost of medication for all patients.The main analgesics used were opioids,which accounted for 90.9% of the cost of analgesics;the other types of analgesics,such as the anticonvulsant drugs, were increased.The major administration routes of analgesics in patients were oral,injectable,and topical routes.The DDD rankings of all types of analgesic treatment drugs were basically stable.The DDD values of fentanyl patches,estazolam,oxycodone oral dosage form,morphine oral dosage form,and indomethacin suppository were among the best.The DDC values for most analgesics did not change much,which reflected that price was stable.The DDC values of 13 analgesics were between 10 and 100.Most of the B/A val-ues of all kinds of analgesics were close to 1,with 17 between 0.5 and 1.5,comprised 58.6% of all types of drugs,which indicated that medication synchronization was good.Conclusions:The clinical applications of analgesics are increasing.In China,the treatment of cancer pain generally follows the three-step analgesic ladder principle announced by the WHO.However,there are also some prob-lems.For instance,the daily average cost of a few drugs was high and the synchronization was poor.Therefore,it is necessary to im-prove the management and regulate the treatment of cancer pain.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of respiratory inhalants. METHODS:The utilization of respiratory inhalants in 34 hospitals from Nanjing area during 2012-2014 was analyzed by SPSS13.0 software in respects of DDDs,consumption sum,DDC,health insurance and self-paying cost and so on. RESULTS:Respiratory inhalants involved 4 kinds of drugs, 5 kinds of dosage forms,12 kinds of general name and 38 kinds of trade name(specification)in 34 hospitals from Nanjing area during 2012-2014. The total DDDs and total consumption sum of respiratory inhalants increased from 10 827.46×103 and 71,006, 500 yuan in 2012 and 14 627.25×103 and 99,137,100 yuan in 2014,there was no statistical significance(P>0.05). 4 categories of respiratory inhalants in the list of DDDs were anticholinergic agents,compound preparations,glucocorticoid and β2 receptor agonists; DDDs of each type increased year by year,but only that of anticholinergic agents had statistical significance(P0.05). 5 kinds of inhalants in the list of DDDs were aerosol preparation,power aerosols,atomizing solution,nasal spray and clickhaler. DDDs of aerosol preparation and power aerosols increased year by year,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Top one in the list of consumption sum was power aerosols during 2012-2013 and atomizing solution in 2014;power aerosols took up the first place in the list of total consumption in 3 years. Among 12 kinds of general name inhalants,top 4 inhalants in the list of DDDs were ipratropium bromide,salmeterol and fluticasone, albuterol and budesonide,and the constituent ratio of their total DDDs in 3 years were 40.16% ,16.71% ,13.51% and 13.39%,respectively;the sum of constituent ratio of total DDDs in 3 years was more than 80%. Top 3 inhalants in the list of consumption sum were budesonide,salmeterol and fluticasone, budesonide and formoterol,and the sum of constituent ratio of their total consumption sum in 3 years were 39.59%,20.81% and 12.50% ,respectively;the sum of constituent ratio was more than 70% . DDC of salbutamol was the lowest. Among 38 kinds of trade name(specification)inhalants,the type and cost of health insurance accounted for 92.11% and 95.02% .Pulmicort atomization suspension and Symbicort Turbuhaler(160 μg)took up the first place in the list of health insurance cost and self-paying cost respectively,and they were B directory of health insurance. CONCLUSIONS:The utilization of respiratory inhalants was basically reasonable in 34 hospitals from Nanjing during 2012-2014.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide a reference for clinical use of anti-tumor adjuvant drugs as is reasonable,effective and economical. METHODS:By retrospective investigation and analysis,the utilization of anti-tumor adjuvant drugs in the oncology department of our hospital during 2010 and 2013 was analyzed statistically in respect of the type,dosage form,consumption amount,DDDs,DDC,DUI etc. RESULTS:The anti-tumor adjuvant drugs in our hospital were dominated by injections,especial-ly domestic drugs,the consumption amount of which accounted for 80% of the total consumption amount of anti-tumor adjuvant drugs each year. The anti-tumor adjuvant drugs were mainly used for symptomatic treatment of various adverse reactions. Drug syn-chronization was relatively good each year,however,excessive use of individual drugs existed. CONCLUSIONS:Anti-tumor adju-vant drugs have relatively better synchronism in the drugs quantities and medication number. However,individual drugs have exces-sive use and other irrational use.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the status quo and the tendency of three-stage analgestics for patients with cancer in our hospitals.METHODS:The use of three-stage analgestics for patients with cancer during the period2002～2005in our hospital were analyzed statistically in respect to consumption sum,DDDs and average daily costs,etc.RESULTS:The con-sumption sum and DDDs of three-stage analgesics increased year on year,of which,morphine and related drugs had gradually dominated the first places.The prices of sustained and controlled release preparations were high.CONCLUSION:The use of three-stage analgestics for patients with cancer in our hospital was rational on the whole,yet the application of three-stage analgestic therapy for pain relief in cancer patients should be further publicized.
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To get information about the status of use of oral hypoglycaemic agents in an inland and coastal hospitals,the ordes of total cost and DDDs were employed to compare the use of oral hypoglycaemic agents in an inland hospital and a coastal hospital.Our results showed that the much less biguanides were used in the coastal hospital as compared with the inland hospital.It is conclinical practice included dimethyl biguanide,glipizide,gliclazide and glibenclamide.
