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1.
BMC Public Health ; 24(1): 2131, 2024 Aug 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39107721

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The temporal relationships across cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) were recently conceptualized as the cardiometabolic continuum (CMC), sequence of cardiovascular events that stem from gene-environmental interactions, unhealthy lifestyle influences, and metabolic diseases such as diabetes, and hypertension. While the physiological pathways linking metabolic and cardiovascular diseases have been investigated, the study of the sex and population differences in the CMC have still not been described. METHODS: We present a machine learning approach to model the CMC and investigate sex and population differences in two distinct cohorts: the UK Biobank (17,700 participants) and the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) (7162 participants). We consider the following CMDs: hypertension (Hyp), diabetes (DM), heart diseases (HD: angina, myocardial infarction, or heart failure), and stroke (STK). For the identification of the CMC patterns, individual trajectories with the time of disease occurrence were clustered using k-means. Based on clinical, sociodemographic, and lifestyle characteristics, we built multiclass random forest classifiers and used the SHAP methodology to evaluate feature importance. RESULTS: Five CMC patterns were identified across both sexes and cohorts: EarlyHyp, FirstDM, FirstHD, Healthy, and LateHyp, named according to prevalence and disease occurrence time that depicted around 95%, 78%, 75%, 88% and 99% of individuals, respectively. Within the UK Biobank, more women were classified in the Healthy cluster and more men in all others. In the EarlyHyp and LateHyp clusters, isolated hypertension occurred earlier among women. Smoking habits and education had high importance and clear directionality for both sexes. For ELSA-Brasil, more men were classified in the Healthy cluster and more women in the FirstDM. The diabetes occurrence time when followed by hypertension was lower among women. Education and ethnicity had high importance and clear directionality for women, while for men these features were smoking, alcohol, and coffee consumption. CONCLUSIONS: There are clear sex differences in the CMC that varied across the UK and Brazilian cohorts. In particular, disadvantages regarding incidence and the time to onset of diseases were more pronounced in Brazil, against woman. The results show the need to strengthen public health policies to prevent and control the time course of CMD, with an emphasis on women.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases , Machine Learning , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Brazil/epidemiology , Cardiometabolic Risk Factors , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Sex Factors , UK Biobank , United Kingdom/epidemiology
2.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 29(8): e03892023, ago. 2024. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1569043

ABSTRACT

Abstract This article aims to examine the effects of weekend admission on in-hospital mortality for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Brazil. Information from the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (SIH/SUS) of urgently admitted patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between 2008 and 2018 was used, made available through the Hospital Admission Authorization (AIH). Multivariable logistic regression models, controlling for observable patient characteristics, hospital characteristics and year and hospital-fixed effects, were used. The results were consistent with the existence of the weekend effect. For the model adjusted with the inclusion of all controls, the chance of death observed for individuals hospitalized on the weekend is 14% higher. Our results indicated that there is probably an important variation in the quality of hospital care depending on the day the patient is hospitalized. Weekend admissions were associated with in-hospital AMI mortality in Brazil. Future research should analyze the possible channels behind the weekend effect to support public policies that can effectively make healthcare equitable.


Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é examinar os efeitos da internação no final de semana na mortalidade hospitalar de pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) no Brasil. Foram utilizadas informações do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS) de pacientes internados em urgência com diagnóstico de infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) entre 2008 e 2018, disponibilizados por meio da Autorização de Internação Hospitalar (AIH). Foram usados modelos de regressão logística multivariada, controlando as características observáveis ​​do paciente, características do hospital e efeitos fixos de ano e hospital. Os resultados foram consistentes com a existência do efeito fim de semana. Para o modelo ajustado com a inclusão de todos os controles, a chance de óbito observada para indivíduos internados no final de semana é 14% maior. Nossos resultados indicaram que provavelmente existe uma variação importante na qualidade da assistência hospitalar dependendo do dia em que o paciente fica internado. Internações em finais de semana foram associadas à mortalidade por IAM intra-hospitalar no Brasil. Pesquisas futuras devem analisar os possíveis canais por trás do weekend effect para subsidiar políticas públicas que possam efetivamente tornar o atendimento equitativo.

3.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 29(8): e19602022, ago. 2024. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1569054

ABSTRACT

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar indicadores de desigualdades sociais associados à mortalidade por neoplasias na população adulta brasileira. Utilizou-se como método a revisão de escopo, estabelecendo-se a pergunta norteadora: qual o efeito das desigualdades sociais na mortalidade por neoplasias na população adulta brasileira? Foram identificados 567 trabalhos, sendo 22 considerados elegíveis. Identificou-se uma diversidade de indicadores, como o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano e o Índice de Gini, entre outros, que avaliaram primordialmente diferenças de renda, escolarização, desenvolvimento humano e vulnerabilidade. Não foi estabelecido um único padrão de associação entre os indicadores e as diferentes neoplasias, assim como não se identificou um indicador único capaz de explicar o efeito da desigualdade social em todos os níveis de área e por óbitos por todos os tipos de neoplasias, mas identificou-se que a mortalidade é influenciada pelas desigualdades sociais e que o estudo dos indicadores proporciona definir qual melhor explica os óbitos. Essa revisão destaca importantes lacunas referentes ao uso de indicadores sociais não modificáveis, à análise de pequenas áreas e ao uso limitado de indicadores multidimensionais.


Abstract The objective of this study was to identify indicators of social inequalities associated with mortality from neoplasms in the Brazilian adult population. A scoping review method was used, establishing the guiding question: What is the effect of social inequalities on mortality from neoplasms in the Brazilian adult population? A total of 567 papers were identified, 22 of which were considered eligible. A variety of indicators were identified, such as the Human Development Index and the Gini Index, which primarily assessed differences in income, schooling, human development and vulnerability. A single pattern of association between the indicators and the different neoplasms was not established, nor was a single indicator capable of explaining the effect of social inequality at all levels of territorial area and by deaths from all types of neoplasms identified. It is known that mortality is influenced by social inequalities and that the study of indicators provides an opportunity to define which best explains deaths. This review highlights important gaps regarding the use of non-modifiable social indicators, analysis of small geographical areas, and limited use of multidimensional indicators.

4.
Health Psychol Behav Med ; 12(1): 2388660, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39170863

ABSTRACT

Aim: To determine the prevalence of body image accuracy/distortion in Brazilian men and women and to investigate sociodemographic and lifestyle-related factors, and the presence of chronic diseases associated with body image distortion. Methods: Data from 6,357 men and 7,657 women participating in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) were collected using a multidimensional questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, heath conditions and body image perception. Results: Most participants (53.5% of the women and 54.7% of the men) were found to have an accurate self-perception of their body. When the factors associated with the perception of being heavier than reality were investigated, adopting weight loss measures and not being hypertensive proved protective against this distortion, both in women and men. Conversely, the perception of being lighter than reality was associated, in both women and men, with better education, being black or of mixed race, adopting weight loss measures and not being hypertensive or diabetic. Additional factors associated with underestimating weight were not consuming alcohol (only in women) and belonging to a lower social class (only in men). Conclusion: These findings may contribute to the implementation of public health policies and interventions to promote health and well-being in the Brazilian population.

5.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38953739

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Thyroid dysfunction has been associated with cognitive decline and dementia. However, the role of subtle thyroid hormone alterations in cognitive function is still debatable. METHODS: Participants without overt thyroid dysfunction aged 35-74 years at baseline were evaluated in 3 study waves (2008-2010, 2012-2014, and 2017-2019). We assessed baseline thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and free triiodothyronine (FT3). Cognitive performance was evaluated every 4 years in each wave using 10-word immediate and late recall, word recognition, semantic (animals category) and phonemic (letter f) verbal fluency, and the trail-making B-version tests. A global composite z-score was derived from these tests. The associations of TSH, FT4, and FT3 levels with cognitive decline over time were evaluated using linear mixed-effect models adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle variables. RESULTS: In 9 524 participants (mean age 51.2 ±â€…8.9 years old, 51% women, 52% White), there was no association between baseline TSH, FT4, and FT3 levels and cognitive decline during the follow-up. However, increase in FT4 levels over time was associated with faster memory (ß = -0.004, 95% CI = -0.007; -0.001, p = .014), verbal fluency (ß = -0.003, 95% CI = -0.007; -0.0005, p = .021), executive function (ß = -0.004, 95% CI = -0.011; -0.003, p < .001), and global cognition decline (ß = -0.003, 95% CI = -0.006; -0.001, p = .001). Decrease in FT4 levels over time was associated with faster verbal fluency (ß = -0.003, 95% CI = -0.007; -0.0004, p = .025) and executive function (ß = -0.004, 95% CI = -0.007; -0.0003, p = .031) decline. CONCLUSIONS: An increase or decrease in FT4 levels over time was associated with faster cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults without overt thyroid dysfunction during 8 years of follow-up.


Subject(s)
Cognitive Dysfunction , Thyrotropin , Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Male , Cognitive Dysfunction/blood , Cognitive Dysfunction/physiopathology , Aged , Adult , Thyrotropin/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , Thyroxine/blood , Triiodothyronine/blood , Thyroid Diseases/blood , Thyroid Diseases/complications , Neuropsychological Tests
6.
Rev. Baiana Saúde Pública (Online) ; 48(2): 209-224, 20240726.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1566000

ABSTRACT

Este artigo buscou conhecer o desenvolvimento da telessaúde no Brasil, desde a sua efetivação e ampliação a partir das publicações científicas sobre o tema pela implementação do Programa Nacional de Telessaúde Brasil Redes em 2007. Esta é uma revisão de escopo de estudos indexados nas bases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) de 2007 a 2022 que abordaram ações de telessaúde. Incluíram-se 177 estudos, publicados majoritariamente nos anos de 2021 e 2020. Ações de telessaúde foram realizadas especialmente nas regiões Sudeste e Sul, sendo o telediagnóstico e teleconsultoria as mais realizadas. A medicina foi a área em que as ações de telessaúde foram mais frequentes (54,80%), focadas principalmente na saúde em geral e na cardiologia (38,42% e 19,21% respectivamente). Conclui-se que a telessaúde no Brasil tem avançado, especialmente após a pandemia da covid-19, que deflagrou a necessidade da ampliação desses serviços. As regiões Sudeste e Sul têm ofertado o maior número de serviços, sendo o telediagnóstico e a teleconsultoria os mais frequentes, especialmente na atenção primária.


This scoping review discusses the development of telehealth in Brazil from its implementation by the Brasil Redes National Telehealth Program in 2007 and expansion based on scientific publications on the topic indexed on the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (Lilacs) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) from 2007 to 2022. A total of 177 studies were included, mostly published in 2021 and 2020. Telehealth actions were conducted especially in Southeastern and Southern Brazil, mostly by telediagnosis and teleconsultation. Telehealth actions were most frequent in medicine (54.80%), mainly focused on General Health and cardiology (38.42% and 19.21%, respectively). Telehealth in Brazil has advanced, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, as it triggered the need to expand these services. Southeastern and Southern Brazil have offered the largest number of services, with telediagnosis and teleconsultation in primary care being the most frequent.


Este estudio pretendió comprender el desarrollo de la telesalud en Brasil desde la implementación y expansión de publicaciones científicas sobre la implementación del Programa Nacional de Telesalud Brasil Redes en 2007. Esta es una revisión de alcance de estudios indexados en las siguientes bases de datos: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (Medline), Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (Lilacs) y Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), publicados entre 2007 y 2022, que abordaron acciones de telesalud. Se incluyeron 177 estudios, en su mayoría publicados en los años 2020 y 2021. Se realizaron acciones de telesalud especialmente en las regiones Sudeste y Sur, y entre las más realizadas se destacaron el telediagnóstico y la teleconsulta. La medicina fue el área en que se concentraron las acciones de telesalud más frecuentes (54,80%), enfocadas principalmente en salud general y cardiología (38,42% y 19,21%, respectivamente). Se concluyó que hubo un avance en la telesalud en Brasil, especialmente con la pandemia del COVID-19, ya que despertó la necesidad de ampliar estos servicios. Las regiones Sudeste y Sur han ofrecido la mayor cantidad de servicios, y el telediagnóstico y la teleconsulta fueron los más frecuentes, especialmente en la atención primaria.

8.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 29(6): e04112023, Jun. 2024. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1557519

ABSTRACT

Resumo O artigo apresenta uma análise do desempenho da APS no estado de São Paulo na última década, em contexto de crise econômica e retração dos investimentos em saúde. Utilizaram-se indicadores de desempenho, determinantes em saúde e sistema de saúde, em série temporal (2010 a 2019), a partir de matriz conceitual adaptada. Foram calculadas variações percentuais anuais (VPA) de cada indicador em modelo log-linear. Os indicadores de desempenho apresentaram, no geral, evolução favorável; no entanto, ocorreu piora em indicadores relacionados à qualidade do cuidado (sífilis congênita, partos cesáreos e rastreamento de câncer de colo uterino). Verificou-se, ainda, um potencial aumento das demandas ao SUS (envelhecimento da população e redução da cobertura da saúde suplementar) e aumento das despesas em saúde em contexto de redução do PIB per capita.


Abstract This article presents the results of an analysis of the performance of primary health care in São Paulo state over the last decade against a backdrop of financial crisis and health funding cuts. We conducted a time series analysis (2010-2019) of performance indicators across the following dimensions based on an adapted conceptual framework: health service performance, health system, and determinants of health. Annual percentage change was calculated for each indicator using a log-linear model. Performance across the indicators was generally positive; however, there was a decline in performance across indicators of quality of care (congenital syphilis, cesarean section rate and cervical cancer screening). The findings also show a potential rise in demand for public services (due to population aging and a reduction in the percentage of the population with private health insurance) and increase in health expenditure against a backdrop of falling GDP per capita.

9.
Rev. urug. enferm ; 19(1)jun. 2024.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1561366

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência do uso de analgésicos não opioides para alívio da dor entre graduandos de Enfermagem. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado com 142 estudantes de Enfermagem no interior do estado do Amazonas, Região Norte do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados no segundo semestre de 2017, utilizando questionário autoaplicável. Resultados: A prevalência do consumo de analgésicos não opioides foi de 68,3%; sendo o alívio das dores de cabeça (64,9%) e dores abdominais (14,4%) os principais motivos para uso. A maioria afirmou que: a dor interfere na realização de atividades diárias (77,3%); reconhecem que os analgésicos podem fazer mal à saúde (76,3%); consumiam analgésicos por conta própria (58,8%). Ainda, 47,4% indicavam medicamentos a terceiros e 93,8% estocavam medicamentos em suas casas. Conclusão: Constatou-se elevado consumo de analgésico, destacando o uso irracional -sem prescrição de profissional. Faz-se necessário fortalecer o ensino sobre o uso racional de medicamentos entre os alunos de Enfermagem, visando minimizar os riscos desta prática.


Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de analgésicos no opioides para el alivio del dolor entre los estudiantes de enfermería. Método: Estudio transversal, realizado con 142 estudiantes de enfermería en el interior del estado de Amazonas, Región Norte de Brasil. Los datos se recopilaron en el segundo semestre de 2017 utilizando un cuestionario autoadministrado. Resultados: La prevalencia del uso analgésico no opioide fue del 68,3%; ser el alivio de los dolores de cabeza (64,9%) y dolor abdominal (14,4%) las principales razones de uso. La mayoría declaró que: el dolor interfiere con el desempeño de las actividades diarias (77,3%); reconocen que los analgésicos pueden dañar la salud (76,3%); consumieron analgésicos por sí solos (58,8%). Además, el 47,4% reportó medicamentos a terceros y el 93,8% dijo que almacenaba los medicamentos en sus hogares. Conclusión: Hubo un alto consumo de analgésicos, destacando el uso irracional ­sin prescripción profesional. Es necesario fortalecer la enseñanza sobre el uso racional de los medicamentos entre los estudiantes de enfermería, con el objetivo de minimizar los riesgos de esta práctica.


Objective: To estimate the prevalence of non-opioid analgesics for pain relief among nursing undergraduates. Method: Cross-sectional study, conducted with 142 nursing students in the interior of the state of Amazonas, Northern Region of Brazil. Data were collected in the second half of 2017 using a self-administe redquestionnaire. Results: The prevalence of non-opioid analgesic use was 68,3%; being the relief of headaches (64,9%) and abdominal pain (14,4%) the main reasons for use. The majority stated that: pain interferes with the performance of daily activities (77.3%); they recognize that analgesics can harm health (76.3%); they consumed analgesics on their own (58.8%). Still, 47.4% indicated medicines to third parties and 93.8% reported that they stocked medicines in their homes. Conclusion: There was a high consumption of analgesics, highlighting irrational use -without professional prescription. It is necessary to strengthen the teaching on the rational use of medicines among nursing students, aiming to minimize the risks of this practice.


Subject(s)
Humans , Students, Nursing , Self Administration , Health Education , Analgesics, Non-Narcotic , Brazil
10.
Campo Grande; Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul; 25 may. 2024. 400 p. 23 KB.
Non-conventional in Portuguese | LILACS, Coleciona SUS, PIE | ID: biblio-1555045

ABSTRACT

Coletânea dedicada aos estudos das respostas rápidas do Programa Educacional em Vigilância em Saúde no enfrentamento da COVID-19 e outras Doenças Virais (VigiEpidemia). Esse tema é de extrema relevância e atualidade em nosso contexto da saúde global e na resposta as emergências em saúde pública (ESP) de forma geral. As ESP, que englobam surtos e epidemias, desastres e desassistência à população, representam desafios complexos que exigem respostas ágeis e eficazes por parte das autoridades sanitárias, profissionais da saúde e comunidades como um todo. Até o momento, a pandemia de COVID-19 foi a maior ESP do Século XXI. Ela serviu como um lembrete doloroso da vulnerabilidade da humanidade diante da ameaça de doenças virais. Esta ESP, que teve resposta catastrófica em diversos momentos, evidenciou a importância do investimento em preparação, vigilância e resposta, destacando a necessidade de sistemas de vigilância robustos, colaboração internacional, Inteligência epidemiológica e comunicação transparente para mitigar o impacto devastador das doenças infecciosas na sociedade. As lições aprendidas com a pandemia de COVID-19 são vastas e multifacetadas. A importância da pesquisa, da educação em saúde e do desenvolvimento de vacinas foi evidenciada como uma prioridade crucial na proteção da saúde pública mundial. O investimento em pesquisas e em cursos para formação de profissionais que possam estar atentos as mudanças nos padrões e comportamentos das doenças infecciosas, além de atuar na resposta rápida quando necessário, é fundamental para estarmos preparados para as futuras pandemias. A vacinação, por exemplo, sempre foi uma das ferramentas mais poderosas para evitar surtos e epidemias e, durante a pandemia de COVID-19, ajudou a controlar os óbitos pela doença e possibilitou que voltássemos a ter uma vida normal. Além da vacina contra COVID-19, as vacinas de influenza e dengue também são exemplos notáveis de avanços científicos que desempenham um papel fundamental na prevenção de futuras ESP. Ao explorar os diversos aspectos da resposta, monitoramento e controle de surtos, epidemias e pandemias, esta coletânea visa fornecer uma compreensão abrangente dos desafios enfrentados, das melhores práticas e das estratégias eficazes para mitigar os impactos adversos desses eventos. Espera-se que este trabalho não apenas informe e eduque, mas também inspire ações concretas para fortalecer a recuperação e resiliência dos sistemas de saúde e proteger o bem-estar das comunidades mais vulneráveis do nosso pais.


A collection dedicated to the study of rapid responses by the Educational Program in Health Surveillance in addressing COVID-19 and other Viral Diseases (VigiEpidemia). This theme is of utmost relevance and timeliness in our context of global health and in responding to public health emergencies (PHE) in general. PHEs, which encompass outbreaks and epidemics, disasters, and neglect of the population, represent complex challenges that require swift and effective responses from health authorities, healthcare professionals, and communities as a whole. To date, the COVID-19 pandemic has been the largest PHE of the 21st century. It served as a painful reminder of humanity's vulnerability in the face of viral disease threats. This PHE, which had catastrophic responses at various times, highlighted the importance of investing in preparedness, surveillance, and response, underscoring the need for robust surveillance systems, international collaboration, epidemiological intelligence, and transparent communication to mitigate the devastating impact of infectious diseases on society. The lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic are vast and multifaceted. The importance of research, health education, and vaccine development was highlighted as a crucial priority in protecting global public health. Investing in research and training courses to prepare professionals who can be attentive to changes in the patterns and behaviors of infectious diseases and act quickly when needed is essential to be prepared for future pandemics. Vaccination, for example, has always been one of the most powerful tools to prevent outbreaks and epidemics, and during the COVID-19 pandemic, it helped control disease-related deaths and allowed us to return to a normal life. In addition to the COVID-19 vaccine, influenza and dengue vaccines are also notable examples of scientific advancements that play a key role in preventing future PHEs. By exploring the various aspects of response, monitoring, and control of outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics, this collection aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges faced, best practices, and effective strategies to mitigate the adverse impacts of these events. It is hoped that this work will not only inform and educate but also inspire concrete actions to strengthen the recovery and resilience of health systems and protect the well-being of the most vulnerable communities in our country.


Subject(s)
Virus Diseases/prevention & control , Chickenpox , Vaccination , Health Personnel , Dengue/prevention & control , Influenza, Human , Coping Skills/education , Measles , Endemic Diseases/prevention & control , Guillain-Barre Syndrome , Chikungunya Fever
11.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) ; 15: 1361715, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38654925

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Hair cortisol level has recently been identified as a promising marker for detecting long-term cortisol levels and a marker of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex (HPA) axis activity. However, research on the association between obesity and an altered cortisol metabolism remains controversial. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hair cortisol levels and overweight and obesity in participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 2,499 participants from the second follow-up (visit 3, 2017-2019) attending research centers in Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul states. Hair samples were collected, and cortisol levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Cortisol levels were classified as low (< 40 pg/mg), medium (40-128 pg/mg), or high (> 128 pg/mg). The participants were classified as eutrophic, overweight, or obese according to their weight (kg) and height (m2). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated. Results: Of the 2499 individuals, 30% had eutrophic weight, 40% were overweight, and 30% were obese. Notably, cortisol levels gradually increased with increasing body weight. Among participants with high hair cortisol levels, 41.2% were classified as overweight and 34.2% as obese. Multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that participants with high cortisol levels were 43% (OR =1.43; 95%CI: 1.02-2.03) more likely to be overweight and 72% (OR =1.72; 95%CI:1.20-2.47) more likely to be obese than participants with low hair cortisol levels. After adjustment for all covariates, high cortisol levels remained associated with obesity (OR = 1.54; 95%CI:1.02-2.31) and overweight (OR =1.33; 95%CI:0.91-1.94). Conclusion: In the ELSA-Brazil cohort, hair stress were positively associated with overweight and obesity. These results underscore the importance of considering stress and cortisol as potential factors in obesity prevention and intervention efforts, and highlight a novel aspect of the complex relationship between stress and obesity in the Brazilian population.


Subject(s)
Hair , Hydrocortisone , Obesity , Overweight , Humans , Hydrocortisone/metabolism , Hydrocortisone/analysis , Hair/chemistry , Hair/metabolism , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Obesity/metabolism , Obesity/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Overweight/metabolism , Overweight/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Adult , Longitudinal Studies , Biomarkers/analysis , Biomarkers/metabolism , Aged , Cohort Studies
12.
Am J Cardiol ; 221: 29-36, 2024 06 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38636622

ABSTRACT

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a marker of atherosclerotic disease events and mortality risk. Increased GlycA, an emerging marker of inflammation, is associated with a higher risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, there is conflicting evidence on whether GlycA predicts subclinical CAD progression. We hypothesized that GlycA can predict subclinical CAC incidence/progression in healthy participants. We included 2,690 ELSA-Brasil cohort participants without cardiovascular/chronic inflammatory disease not receiving statin therapy who had GlycA levels measured and 2 interval CAC assessments between 2010 and 2018. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were computed to evaluate GlycA as a predictor of CAC incidence and progression. CAC incidence required a baseline CAC of 0. CAC progression required a baseline CAC >0. The mean age of participants was 48.6 ± 7.7 years, 56.7% were women, and 54.6% and 16.1% (429 of 2,690) were White and Black, respectively. The mean CAC interscan period was 5.1 ± 0.9 years, the mean GlycA level was 414.7 ± 65 µmol/L, and the incidence of CAC was 13.1% (280 of 2,129). The GlycA level odds ratio for CAC incidence was 1.002 (95% confidence interval 1.0005 to 1.005, p = 0.016), adjusted for demographics, lifestyle, a family history of early CAD (≤60 years), lipids, and co-morbidities. The GlycA (≤p25 vs ≥p75) odds ratio for CAC progression (Berry definition) was 1.77 (95% confidence interval 1.07 to 2.96, p = 0.03) in a similar multivariable-adjusted model. Higher GlycA levels were associated with CAC incidence and progression in a healthy Brazilian cohort.


Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Disease , Disease Progression , Vascular Calcification , Humans , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Incidence , Coronary Artery Disease/epidemiology , Vascular Calcification/epidemiology , Vascular Calcification/diagnostic imaging , Brazil/epidemiology , Biomarkers/blood , Longitudinal Studies , Adult , Risk Factors
13.
Pensar Prát. (Online) ; 27: 75796, 20240417.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1566496

ABSTRACT

Essa pesquisa estudou o perfil e a atuação acadêmi-ca de 31 docentes que atuam com o ensino da Ginástica em 20 Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) públicas da região Sul do Brasil, por meio de pesquisa documental. Foi constatada atuação majoritária de não-especialistas, que tematizam principalmente as ginásticas competitivas em suas disciplinas. As ações extensionis-tas e as publicações e orientações de pesquisas específicas sobre a Ginástica são incipientes e concentradas nos docentes especialis-tas. Destaca-se uma IES, com resultado do esforço pessoal de uma docente. O estudo sugere uma contraditória fragilidade dessa área na região que deu origem ao desenvolvimento desses saberes e práticas no Brasil, em comparação com outras regiões do Brasil.


This research studied the profile and academic performance of 31 professors who work with Gymnastics teaching in 20 public Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the South region of Brazil through documentary research. Most non-specialists were found to be working, who mainly focused on competitive gymnastics in their disciplines. Extensionist actions and publications and specific research guidelines on Gymnastics are incipient and concentrated on specialist teachers. One HEI stands out because of the personal effort of a professor. The study suggests a contradictory fragility of this area in the region that gave rise to the development of this knowledge and practices in Brazil compared to other areas of Brazil.


Esta investigación estudió el perfil y el desempeño académico de 31 profesores que actúan en la enseñanza de la Gimnasia en 20 Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) públicas de la región Sur de Brasil a través de una investigación documental. Se encontró que la mayoría de los profesores son no especialistas y enfocaban principalmente en la gimnasia competitiva en sus disciplinas. Las acciones y publicaciones extensionistas y lineamientos de investigación específicos sobre Gimnasia son incipientes y concentrados en docentes especialistas. Una IES destaca como resultado del esfuerzo personal de una docente. El estudio sugiere una fragilidad contradictoria de esta área en la región que dio lugar al desarrollo de estas prácticas en Brasil.

14.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 121(4): e20230480, abr.2024. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1557042

ABSTRACT

Resumo Fundamento: Em pediatria, a parada cardiorrespiratória (PCR) está associada a alta mortalidade e graves sequelas neurológicas. Informações sobre as causas e mecanismos de morte abaixo de 20 anos poderiam fornecer subsídios teóricos para a melhoria da saúde de crianças e adolescentes. Objetivos: Realizar uma análise populacional das taxas de mortalidade por causas primárias e múltiplas de morte abaixo de 20 anos, em ambos os sexos, no período de 1996 a 2019, no Brasil, e identificar a frequência com que a PCR foi registrada nas declarações de óbito (DOs) desses indivíduos e os locais de ocorrência dos óbitos, a fim de promover estratégias para melhorar a prevenção de mortes. Método: Estudo ecológico de séries temporais de óbitos em indivíduos menores de 20 anos, no período de 1996 a 2019, avaliando as taxas de mortalidade (TMs) e a mortalidade proporcional (MP) por causa básica de morte. Foram analisados os percentuais de PCR registrados em qualquer linha da DO e o local de ocorrência dos óbitos. Foram calculadas as TMs por 100 mil habitantes e a MP por causa básica de morte nos menores de 20 anos segundo sexo e faixa etária, os percentuais de óbito por causas básicas por faixa etária quando a PCR foi descrita em qualquer linha das Partes I e II da DO, e o percentual de óbitos por causas básicas segundo o local de ocorrência. Os dados foram retirados do DATASUS, IBGE e SINASC. Resultados: De 1996 a 2019, ocorreram 2.151.716 óbitos de menores de 20 anos, no Brasil, gerando uma taxa de mortalidade de 134,38 por 100 mil habitantes. A taxa de óbito foi maior entre os recém-nascidos do sexo masculino. Do total de óbitos, 249.334 (11,6%) tiveram PCR registrada em qualquer linha da DO. Especificamente, a PCR foi registrada 49.178 vezes na DO na faixa etária entre 1 e 4 anos e em 88.116 vezes entre 29 e 365 dias, correspondendo, respectivamente, a 26% e 22% dos óbitos nessas faixas etárias. Essas duas faixas etárias apresentaram as maiores taxas de PCR registradas em qualquer linha da DO. As principais causas básicas de óbito quando a PCR foi registrada na sequência de óbitos foram doenças respiratórias, hematológicas e neoplásicas. Conclusão: As causas perinatais e externas foram as principais causas de morte, com maior TM nos menores de 20 anos no Brasil de 1996 a 2019. Quando consideradas as causas múltiplas de morte, as principais causas primárias associadas à PCR foram as doenças respiratórias, hematológicas e neoplásicas. A maioria dos óbitos ocorreu no ambiente hospitalar. Melhor compreensão da sequência de eventos nesses óbitos e melhorias nas estratégias de ensino em ressuscitação cardiopulmonar pediátrica são necessárias.


Abstract Background: In pediatrics, cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) is associated with high mortality and severe neurologic sequelae. Information on the causes and mechanisms of death below the age of 20 years could provide theoretical support for health improvement among children and adolescents. Objectives: To conduct a population analysis of mortality rates due to primary and multiple causes of death below the age of 20 years in both sexes from 1996 to 2019 in Brazil, and identify the frequency in which CPA was recorded in the death certificates (DCs) of these individuals and the locations where the deaths occurred, in order to promote strategies to improve the prevention of deaths. Method: Ecological time-series study of deaths below the age of 20 years from 1996 to 2019, evaluating the mortality rates (MRs) and proportional mortality (PM) by primary cause of death. We analyzed the percentages of CPA recorded in any line of the DC and the location where the deaths occurred. We calculated the MRs per 100,000 inhabitants and the PM by primary cause of death under the age of 20 years according to sex and age group, the percentages of death from primary causes by age group when CPA was described in any line of Parts I and II of the DC, and the percentage of deaths from primary causes according to their location of occurrence. We retrieved the data from DATASUS, IBGE, and SINASC. Results: From 1996 to 2019, there were 2,151,716 deaths below the age of 20 years in Brazil, yielding a mortality rate of 134.38 per 100,000 inhabitants. The death rate was highest among male neonates. Of all deaths, 249,334 (11.6%) had CPA recorded in any line of the DC. Specifically, CPA was recorded in 49,178 DCs between the ages of 1 and 4 years and in 88,116 of those between the ages of 29 and 365 days, corresponding, respectively, to 26% and 22% of the deaths in these age groups. These two age groups had the highest rates of CPA recorded in any line of the DC. The main primary causes of death when CPA was recorded in the sequence of death were respiratory, hematologic, and neoplastic diseases. Conclusion: Perinatal and external causes were the primary causes of death, with highest MRs under the age of 20 years in Brazil from 1996 to 2019. When multiple causes of death were considered, the main primary causes associated with CPA were respiratory, hematologic, and neoplastic diseases. Most deaths occurred in the hospital environment. Better understanding of the sequence of events in these deaths and improvements in teaching strategies in pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation are needed.

15.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1560981

ABSTRACT

Essa pesquisa estudou o perfil e a atuação acadêmica de 31 docentes que atuam com o ensino da Ginástica em 20 Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) públicas da região Sul do Brasil, por meio de pesquisa documental. Foi constatada atuação majoritária de não-especialistas, que tematizam principalmente as ginásticas competitivas em suas disciplinas. As ações extensionistas e as publicações e orientações de pesquisas específicas sobre a Ginástica são incipientes e concentradas nos docentes especialistas. Destaca-se uma IES, com resultado do esforço pessoal de uma docente. O estudo sugere uma contraditória fragilidade dessa área na região que deu origem ao desenvolvimento desses saberes e práticas no Brasil, em comparação com outras regiões do Brasil (AU).


This research studied the profile and academic performance of 31 professors who work with Gymnastics teaching in 20 public Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the South region of Brazil through documentary research. Most non-specialists were found to be working, who mainly focused on competitive gymnastics in their disciplines. Extensionist actions and publications and specific research guidelines on Gymnastics are incipient and concentrated on specialist teachers. One HEI stands out because of the personal effort of a professor. The study suggests a contradictory fragility of this area in the region that gave rise to the development of this knowledge and practices in Brazil compared to other areas of Brazil (AU).


Esta investigación estudió el perfil y el desempeño académico de 31 profesores que actúan en la enseñanza de la Gimnasia en 20 Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) públicas de la región Sur de Brasil a través de una investigación documental. Se encontró que la mayoría de los profesores son no especialistas y enfocaban principalmente en la gimnasia competitiva en sus disciplinas. Las acciones y publicaciones extensionistas y lineamientos de investigación específicos sobre Gimnasia soni ncipientes y concentrados en docentes especialistas. Una IES destaca como resultado del esfuerzo personal de una docente. El estudio sugiere una fragilidad contradictoria de esta área en la región que dio lugar al desarrollo de estas prácticas en Brasil (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Brazil
16.
Rev. epidemiol. controle infecç ; 14(1): 88-94, jan.-mar. 2024. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1567628

ABSTRACT

Justification and Objectives: although Primary Health Care plays a central role in Brazil, much of the research that assesses safety culture and climate focuses on hospitals and few studies on this subject have explored this reality, thus justifying this study. The aim was therefore to identify the patient safety climate characteristics in Primary Health Care services in Brazil. Methods: an integrative review study. The MEDLINE via PubMed, LILACS, CINAHL and SciELO databases were used to search for studies. Results: nine articles were selected which reported on the negative safety climate in Primary Health Care. The five classes generated in the dendrogram are divided into two main categories: (1) Safe healthcare in Primary Health Care; and (2) Patient safety climate assessment in Primary Health Care services. Communication, organizational learning and teamwork were cited as enhancers of safe healthcare. Community health workers had a more negative safety climate perception. Working conditions and management support were rated negatively. Conclusion: strengthening the safety climate in Primary Health Care services favors quality of care and safe healthcare.(AU)


Justificativa e Objetivos: embora a Atenção Primária à Saúde tenha papel central no contexto brasileiro, grande parte das pesquisas que avaliam a cultura e o clima de segurança tem enfoque no âmbito hospitalar e poucas investigações sobre essa temática exploram essa realidade, justificando a elaboração deste estudo. Dessa forma, objetivou-se identificar as características do clima de segurança do paciente em serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil. Métodos: estudo de revisão integrativa. As bases de dados MEDLINE via PubMed, LILACS, CINAHL e SciELO foram utilizadas para busca das publicações. Resultados: foram selecionados nove artigos, que relataram sobre o clima de segurança negativo na Atenção Primária à Saúde. As cinco classes geradas no dendrograma se dividem em duas categorias principais: (1) Cuidado à saúde seguro na Atenção Primária à Saúde; e (2) Avaliação do clima de segurança do paciente nos serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Comunicação, aprendizagem organizacional e trabalho em equipe foram citados como potencializadores do cuidado à saúde seguro. Os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde apresentaram percepção mais negativa do clima de segurança. As condições de trabalho e o suporte da gerência foram avaliados negativamente. Conclusão: o fortalecimento do clima de segurança nos serviços primários de saúde favorece a qualidade da assistência e o cuidado à saúde seguro.(AU)


Justificación y Objetivos: a pesar de que la Atención Primaria de Salud desempeña un papel central en Brasil, gran parte de las investigaciones que evalúan la cultura y el clima de seguridad se centran en los hospitales y pocos estudios sobre este tema han explorado esta realidad, lo que justifica el desarrollo de este estudio. Por lo tanto, el objetivo fue identificar las características del clima de seguridad del paciente en los servicios de Atención Primaria de Salud en Brasil. Métodos: estudio de revisión integradora. Se utilizaron las bases de datos MEDLINE vía PubMed, LILACS, CINAHL y SciELO para la búsqueda de publicaciones. Resultados: fueron seleccionados nueve artículos que informaban sobre el clima de seguridad negativo en los servicios de Atención Primaria de Salud. Las cinco clases generadas en el dendrograma se dividen en dos categorías principales: (1) Atención de salud segura en la Atención Primaria de Salud; y (2) Evaluación del clima de seguridad del paciente en los servicios de Atención Primaria de Salud. La comunicación, el aprendizaje organizativo y el trabajo en equipo se citaron como potenciadores de una asistencia sanitaria segura. Los trabajadores sanitarios comunitarios tenían una percepción más negativa del clima de seguridad. Las condiciones de trabajo y el apoyo de la dirección se valoraron negativamente. Conclusión: reforzar el clima de seguridad en la Atención Primaria de Salud favorece la calidad de la atención y la seguridad de la asistencia sanitaria.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Brazil , Patient Safety
17.
J. Health Biol. Sci. (Online) ; 12(1): 1-7, jan.-dez. 2024. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1553701

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: avaliar as notificações de intoxicação exógena por raticida no Brasil entre 2008 e 2022. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo ecológico, do tipo série temporal, avaliando a quantidade anual de notificações nos últimos 15 anos, considerando os casos confirmados pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). A tendência temporal e as razões de incidência antes e durante a pandemia de COVID-19 foram examinadas com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: entre 2008 e 2022, 48.448 notificações de intoxicação exógena por raticidas foram registradas. A tendência temporal foi estabelecida como estacionária nos últimos 15 anos (p = 0,285), mas tornou-se, significativamente, crescente ao remover os anos relacionados à pandemia de COVID-19 (p = 0,001; VPA = 5,4% [IC95% = 2,1, 8,6). Além disso, ao comparar com período pré-pandemia, a incidência de notificações foi 34% menor (RI = 0,66 [IC95% = 0,59, 0,73]) no primeiro e 28% menor (RI = 0,72 [IC95% = 0,65, 0,79]) no segundo ano da pandemia de COVID-19. Por fim, observou-se que 82,2% das circunstâncias foram tentativas de suicídio, 89,4% foram exposições do tipo aguda-única e a maioria (91,1%) evoluíram para cura sem sequelas. Conclusão: foi possível concluir que as intoxicações exógenas por raticidas persistem como um problema de Saúde Pública no Brasil.


Objectives: to evaluate notifications of exogenous poisoning by rodenticides in Brazil between 2008 and 2022. Methods: an ecological time-series study was carried out, evaluating the annual number of notifications in the last 15 years, considering the cases confirmed by the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). Temporal tendency and incidence ratios before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were examined at a 5% significance level. Results: between 2008 and 2022, 48,448 notifications of exogenous poisoning by rodenticides were reported. The temporal tendency was established as stationary over the last 15 years (p = 0.285) but became significantly increasing when removing the COVID-19 pandemic years (p = 0.001; VPA = 5.4% [95%CI = 2 .1, 8.6). In addition, when compared to the pre-pandemic period, the incidence of notifications was 34% lower (IRR = 0.66 [CI95% = 0.59, 0.73]) in the first and 28% lower (IRR = 0,72 [CI95% = 0.65, 0.79]) in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. At last, it was observed that 82.2% of the circumstances were suicide attempts, 89.4% were acute-single exposures, and most (91.1%) evolved to cure without sequelae. Conclusion: it was possible to conclude that exogenous poisoning by rodenticides persists as a Public Health problem in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Rodenticides , Brazil , Epidemiology
18.
J. Health Biol. Sci. (Online) ; 12(1): 1-7, jan.-dez. 2024. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1554333

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: estimar a oviposição e distribuição espacial de vetores Aedes durante a estação de inverno e correlacionar essas estimativas com dados climáticos do mesmo período. Métodos: estudo de campo conduzido no município de Barbacena-MG, em 2018. O monitoramento, a coleta de ovos e a estimativa de índices estegômicos de vetores Aedes foram obtidos por meio de ovitrampas. Os Índices de Densidade de Ovos (IDO) e de Positividade de Ovitrampas (IPO%) foram estimados conforme estações climáticas e semanas epidemiológicas. A correlação entre parâmetros meteorológicos (temperatura/pluviometria) e índices estegômicos (IDO/IPO) foi determinada pelo coeficiente de Spearman. Resultados: um total de 1.080 ovitrampas, instaladas em 39 bairros, foi analisado durante 10 semanas epidemiológicas, fornecendo um total de 970 ovos. Nas estações de outono, inverno e primavera, foram obtidos, respectivamente, 421, 470 e 70 ovos. Durante o outono, houve variação do IDO entre 14,2 e 34,2. O IPO manteve-se constante em 4,5%. Durante o inverno, houve variação do IDO entre 0,00 e 47,50 e do IPO entre 0,00% e 8,25%. Houve correlação negativa significativa tanto entre aumento da precipitação mensal e diminuição do número de ovos coletados (rho=-0.673) quanto entre aumento da precipitação mensal e diminuição do IPO (rho=-0.612). O valor geral do IDO e do IPO nas 10 semanas foi, respectivamente, 22,04 e 4,17% e, na estação de inverno, foi, respectivamente, 23,50 e 3,73%. Conclusão: os achados corroboram a presença de ovos e vetores do gênero Aedes mesmo em condições climáticas adversas para essas espécies e sustentam ações de manejo sanitário durante todo o ano.


Objective: to estimate oviposition and spatial distribution of Aedes vectors during the winter season and correlate these estimates with climate data from the same period. Methods: field study conducted in the municipality of Barbacena-MG in 2018. Monitoring, egg collection, and estimation of stegomic indices of Aedes were obtained using ovitraps. The Indices of Egg Density (EDI) and Positive Ovitrap (POI%) were estimated according to climatic seasons and epidemiological weeks. The correlation between meteorological parameters (temperature/rainfall) and stegomic indices (EDI/POI) was determined by the Spearman coefficient. Results: a total of 1,080 ovitraps installed in 39 neighborhoods were analyzed during ten (10) epidemiological weeks, providing a total of 970 eggs. In the autumn, winter, and spring seasons, 421, 470, and 70 eggs were obtained, respectively. During the autumn, there was a variation in EDI between 14.2­34.2. The POI remained constant at 4.5%. During the winter, the EDI varied between 0.00­47.50, and the POI varied between 0.00%­8.25%. There was a significant negative correlation, respectively, between an increase in monthly precipitation and a decrease in the number of eggs collected (rho=-0.673) and between an increase in monthly precipitation and a decrease in POI (rho=-0.612). The overall value of EDI and POI in the ten (10) weeks was 22.04 and 4.17%, and in the winter season, they were 23.50 and 3.73%, respectively. Conclusion: the findings corroborate the presence of eggs and vectors of the genus Aedes even in adverse climatic conditions for these species and support health management actions throughout the year.


Subject(s)
Environmental Monitoring , Aedes , Mosquito Control , Dengue , Insect Vectors
19.
Rev. Baiana Saúde Pública (Online) ; 47(4): 53-65, 20240131.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1537648

ABSTRACT

Arboviruses cause public health problems in several countries, and records show that they can generate central and peripheral neurological complications with permanent sequelae. However, it is not certain which arbovirus is responsible for outbreaks of the Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), especially in Brazil. Thus, the objective of this study is to verify if there is a coincidence between the GBS outbreak and the most common arboviruses in Northeastern Brazil, as well as their relationship. An ecological time series study was designed with the federative units of Northeastern Brazil, using hospitalizations for Guillain-Barré syndrome and notifications of arbovirus infections between 2014 and 2019 as a data source. Distribution incidence curves were constructed for the conditions studied, and generalized estimating equations (GEE) models were applied to estimate the relationship between arboviruses and Guillain-Barré. The results showed a similar distribution for the incidences of Chikungunya virus (z=7.82; p=0.001), Zika virus (z=3.69; p=0.03), and Guillain-Barré syndrome (z=2.98; p=0.05) from 2014 to 2019. The GEE model revealed that the distribution of Chikungunya incidence is associated with the distribution of GBS incidence in each year (x2Wald=3,969; p=0.046). This pattern was repeated in seven of the nine states, while the Zika virus had a significant relationship with GBS in only two states. The outbreak of GBS in Northeastern Brazil appears to be probabilistically related to outbreaks of the Chikungunya virus.


As arboviroses são problemas de saúde pública em vários países e há registros de que podem produzir complicações neurológicas centrais e periféricas com sequelas permanentes. Entretanto, não se sabe ao certo qual delas é realmente responsável pelos surtos da Síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB), principalmente no Brasil. Assim, o objetivo é verificar se há coincidência entre o surto de SGB e as arboviroses mais comuns no Nordeste do Brasil e suas relações. Foi desenhado um estudo ecológico de série temporal com as unidades federativas do Nordeste do Brasil, adotando como fonte de dados as internações Guillain-Barré e as notificações de infecções por arbovírus entre 2014 e 2019. Curvas de distribuição de incidência foram construídas para as condições estudadas, e foram aplicados modelos de equações generalizadas estimadas (GEE) para estimar a relação entre arbovírus e Guillain-Barré. Evidencia-se que há distribuição semelhante para as incidências do vírus Chikungunya (z=7,82; p=0,001), vírus Zika (z=3,69; p=0,03) e síndrome de Guillain-Barré (z=2,98; p=0,05) entre 2014 e 2019. O modelo GEE revelou que a distribuição da incidência de Chikungunya está associada à distribuição da incidência de SGB em cada ano (x2Wald=3,969; p=0,046). Esse padrão se repetiu em sete dos nove estados, enquanto o zika vírus teve uma relação significativa com o GBS em apenas dois estados. Conclui-se, então, que o surto de SGB no Nordeste do Brasil parece estar probabilisticamente relacionado aos surtos do vírus Chikungunya.


Los arbovirus causan problemas de salud pública en varios países y, según indican los reportes, pueden producir complicaciones neurológicas centrales y periféricas con secuelas permanentes. Sin embargo, no se sabe cuál de ellos es realmente el responsable de los brotes del síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB), especialmente en Brasil. Así, el objetivo de este estudio es verificar si existen coincidencias entre el brote del SGB y los arbovirus más comunes en el Noreste de Brasil y sus asociaciones. Se diseñó un estudio de series temporales ecológico en las unidades federativas del Noreste de Brasil, adoptando como fuente de datos las hospitalizaciones y las notificaciones de arbovirosis de Guillain-Barré entre 2014 y 2019. Se construyeron curvas de distribución de incidencia para las condiciones científicas, y se aplicó una ecuación estimada generalizada (GEE) para estimar la relación entre arbovirus y Guillain-Barré. Se encontró que existe una distribución similar en las incidencias de virus del chikunguña (z=7,82; p=0,001), virus del Zika (z=3,69; p=0,03) y síndrome de Guillain-Barré (z =2,98; p=0,05) entre 2014 y 2019. El modelo GEE reveló que la distribución de la incidencia de chikunguña está asociada con la distribución de la incidencia de SGB en cada año (x2Wald=3,969; p=0,046). Este patrón se repitió en siete de los nueve estados, mientras que el virus del Zika presentó una relación significativa con el SGB en solo dos estados. El brote del SGB en el Noreste de Brasil parece estar relacionado probabilísticamente con los brotes del virus del chikunguña.

20.
Med Anthropol ; 43(1): 61-73, 2024 01 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37921688

ABSTRACT

Drawing on sources relating to the Brazilian scenario - from ethnographic research in lower-income neighorhoods to the analysis of official documents and public debates - we build on cases of forced child removals to explore the intersectional dynamics of class, race, and gender that underlie institutionalized practices of discrimination against poverty-stricken families. After first addressing the influence of recent global trends in child-protection policy, we observe how adoption procedures in Brazil have been increasingly facilitated by the resignification of rights and corresponding changes in the country's legal infrastructures. Next, asking what sort of authoritative knowledge is invoked to define a child's best interests, we reflect on the role played by biomedicine in appraising the limits of acceptable parenthood. Guided by the notion of stratified reproduction, our investigation of these political, scientific, and moral technologies suggests plausible connections between policies that condition the demand for and the supply of adoptable children.


Subject(s)
Poverty , Reproduction , Humans , Brazil , Anthropology, Medical
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