The neurobiology of openness as a personality trait.

Openness is a multifaceted behavioral disposition that encompasses personal, interpersonal, and cultural dimensions. It has been suggested that the interindividual variability in openness as a personality trait is influenced by various environmental and genetic factors, as well as differences in brain functional and structural connectivity patterns along with their various associated cognitive processes. Alterations in degree of openness have been linked to several aspects of health and disease, being impacted by both physical and mental health, substance use, and neurologic conditions. This review aims to explore the current state of knowledge describing the neurobiological basis of openness and how individual differences in openness can manifest in brain health and disease.

Analysis of individual characteristics influencing user polarization in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine hesitancy proved to be a major obstacle in efforts to control and mitigate the negative consequences of COVID-19. This study centered on the degree of polarization on social media about vaccine use and contributing factors to vaccine hesitancy among social media users. Examining the discussion about COVID-19 vaccine on the Weibo platform, a relatively comprehensive system of user features was constructed based on psychological theories and models such as the curiosity-drive theory and the big five model of personality. Then machine learning methods were used to explore the paramount impacting factors that led users into polarization. Findings revealed that factors reflecting the activity and effectiveness of social media use promoted user polarization. In contrast, features reflecting users' information processing ability and personal qualities had a negative impact on polarization. This study hopes to help healthcare organizations and governments understand and curb social media polarization around vaccine development in the face of future surges of pandemics.

Personality Associations With Smartphone and Internet Use Disorder: A Comparison Study Including Links to Impulsivity and Social Anxiety.

The present work aims to replicate findings linking specific personality traits with Internet and Smartphone Use Disorder (IUD/SUD). Specifically, earlier research demonstrated that tendencies toward IUD and SUD are associated with high Neuroticism and both low Conscientiousness and low Agreeableness, while IUD (but not SUD) tendencies are negatively related to Extraversion and SUD (but not IUD) tendencies are negatively associated with Openness (1). In the aftermath of the replication crisis in psychology and related disciplines, it has become increasingly important to replicate findings in psychological research. Therefore, we revisited this earlier study by investigating (i) a sample from different countries and (ii) using different questionnaires to assess IUD, SUD and the Five Factor Model of Personality than the earlier work by Lachmann et al. (1). By applying such a design, we believe that replicating results from this earlier study hints toward generalizable associations being (largely) independent from that sample's specific cultural background and instrumentation. Importantly (iii) we used a larger sample consisting of N = 773 in the present study to have higher statistical power to observe the initially reported associations. Additionally, we investigated the role of impulsivity and social anxiety on IUD/SUD, further illuminating the nature of these potential new disorders. Indeed, we were able to reaffirm the aforementioned correlation patterns between personality and IUD/SUD in the present work to a large extent, with low Conscientiousness and high Neuroticism being most robustly associated with higher IUD/SUD. Furthermore, social anxiety and impulsivity showed positive correlations with IUD and SUD, as expected.

[Normative data of middle-aged and older Japanese adults for the the Japanese version of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI-J)].

Objectives　The purpose of this study was to provide normative data of middle-aged and older adults for the Japanese version of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI-J), based on the Big Five model of personality (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness).Methods　We surveyed a random sample of community-dwelling middle-aged and older Japanese adults (aged 60-84 years, N=1,200, response rate: 70.8%) and used data from 776 participants (368 men and 408 women). We used the TIPI-J as a measure of the Big Five model of personality comprising ten items, which were measured on a seven-point Likert-type scale. We also assessed the socio-economic and health variables to describe the basic characteristics of participants.Results　Standard psychometric methods showed a near-normal score distribution across all subscales; there were significant sex differences in Neuroticism and Openness, and there was no significant difference with respect to age.Conclusion　This study provided a grand total table and normative data for the TIPI-J, and examined gender- and age-based differences in the TIPI-J among middle-aged and older adults using data from the general population of Japan. In the future, factors associated with the TIPI-J scores and predictive validity of the scale for health outcomes as external criteria should be examined to test the scale's usefulness for epidemiological surveys among middle-aged and older adults in community settings.

A Darker Shade of Love: Machiavellianism and Positive Assortative Mating Based on Romantic Ideals.

Machiavellianism is a personality trait that is characterized by manipulative and exploitative attitude toward others, lack of empathy, and a cynical view of human nature. In itself or as part of the Dark Triad it has been the target of several studies investigating romantic relations. Nevertheless, the relationship between Machiavellianism and romantic ideals has not been revealed yet. An undergraduate sample of 143 (92 females) with an average age of 19.83 years (SD = 1.51 years) filled out self-report measures of Machiavellianism (Mach-IV Scale) and romantic ideals (Ideal Standards Scale and NEO-FFI-IDEAL). According to our results, Machiavellianism correlated negatively with the importance of partner's warmth-trustworthiness, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and with the importance of intimacy and loyalty in their ideal relationships. Machiavellianism correlated positively with the ideal partner's possession over status and resources. Explorative factor analysis revealed three components of ideal partner's characteristics. Machiavellianism loaded significantly on two out of three components. Results are discussed with regard to Ideal Standards Model and the Big Five model of personality.

Características de personalidade e dependência nicotínica em universitários / Personality traits and nicotine dependence in college students / Características de personalidad y nicotina depedencia en estudiantes universitarios

Os traços de personalidade podem exercer papel importante no hábito tabagista. Objetivou-se investigar diferenças em características de personalidade entre estudantes universitários fumantes e não fumantes. Participaram 93 universitários de instituição particular do Ensino Superior do interior de São Paulo com idades entre 18 e 25 anos. Desses, 40 eram fumantes (28 com dependência leve e 12 com dependência moderada) e 53 não fumantes. Foi aplicado um questionário de dados sociodemograficos, Teste de Fagerstrõm para Dependência de Nicotina e Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade. Os resultados revelaram médias significativamente mais altas para dependentes de nicotina na faceta busca por novidades e no fator abertura, enquanto que não fumantes obtiveram médias significativamente mais altas nas facetas vulnerabilidade, pró-sociabilidade, confiança nas pessoas e empenho. Foi encontrada associação significativa com dependência nicotínica apenas na faceta confiança nas pessoas. Espera-se que os resultados possam ser utilizados para aperfeiçoar a atuação de psicólogos na área do tabagismo...

Personality traits may play an important role in the smoking habit. This study aimed to investigate differences in personality traits among college smokers and nonsmokers. The sample was composed by 93 students from private higher education institution in São Paulo state, aged between 18 and 25 years. Of these, 40 were smokers (28 with low dependency and 12 with moderate dependency) and 53 nonsmokers. A questionnaire on sociodemographic data, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence and Battery Factor Personality was applied. The results revealed significantly higher scores for smokers on searching for news and openness while nonsmokers had significantly higher scores on the vulnerability, pro-sociality, trust and commitment. Significant association was found with nicotine dependence only on confidence in people. It is hoped that the results can be used to improve the performance of psychologists in the smoking area...

Los rasgos de personalidad pueden jugar un papel importante en el hábito de fumar. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las diferencias en los rasgos de personalidad entre los fumadores y los no fumadores de la universidad. Participaron 93 estudiantes de instituciones de educación superior privada en el estado de São Paulo, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 25 años. De éstos, 40 eran fumadores (28 con depedencia leve y 12 con dependencia moderada) y 53 no fumadores. Un cuestionario sobre datos sociodemográficos, Test de Fagerstrõm para la dependencia de la nicotina y La Bateria Fatorial de Personalidad se aplicó. Los resultados revelaron medias significativamente más altas para fumadores en la faceta búsqueda de noticias y el factor de apertura, mientras que los no fumadores tenían puntuaciones significativamente más altas en la vulnerabilidad, prosocialidad, confianza en las personas y compromiso. Se observó asociación significativa con la dependencia de la nicotina sólo en la faceta confianza en las personas. Se espera que los resultados se pueden utilizar para mejorar el rendimiento de los psicólogos en la zona de fumadores...

Características de personalidade e dependência nicotínica em universitários / Personality traits and nicotine dependence in college students / Características de personalidad y nicotina depedencia en estudiantes universitarios

Os traços de personalidade podem exercer papel importante no hábito tabagista. Objetivou-se investigar diferenças em características de personalidade entre estudantes universitários fumantes e não fumantes. Participaram 93 universitários de instituição particular do Ensino Superior do interior de São Paulo com idades entre 18 e 25 anos. Desses, 40 eram fumantes (28 com dependência leve e 12 com dependência moderada) e 53 não fumantes. Foi aplicado um questionário de dados sociodemograficos, Teste de Fagerström para Dependência de Nicotina e Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade. Os resultados revelaram médias significativamente mais altas para dependentes de nicotina na faceta busca por novidades e no fator abertura, enquanto que não fumantes obtiveram médias significativamente mais altas nas facetas vulnerabilidade, pró-sociabilidade, confiança nas pessoas e empenho. Foi encontrada associação significativa com dependência nicotínica apenas na faceta confiança nas pessoas. Espera-se que os resultados possam ser utilizados para aperfeiçoar a atuação de psicólogos na área do tabagismo.(AU)

Personality traits may play an important role in the smoking habit. This study aimed to investigate differences in personality traits among college smokers and nonsmokers. The sample was composed by 93 students from private higher education institution in São Paulo state, aged between 18 and 25 years. Of these, 40 were smokers (28 with low dependency and 12 with moderate dependency) and 53 nonsmokers. A questionnaire on sociodemographic data, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence and Battery Factor Personality was applied. The results revealed significantly higher scores for smokers on searching for news and openness while nonsmokers had significantly higher scores on the vulnerability, pro-sociality, trust and commitment. Significant association was found with nicotine dependence only on confidence in people. It is hoped that the results can be used to improve the performance of psychologists in the smoking area.(AU)

Los rasgos de personalidad pueden jugar un papel importante en el hábito de fumar. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las diferencias en los rasgos de personalidad entre los fumadores y los no fumadores de la universidad. Participaron 93 estudiantes de instituciones de educación superior privada en el estado de São Paulo, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 25 años. De éstos, 40 eran fumadores (28 con depedencia leve y 12 con dependencia moderada) y 53 no fumadores. Un cuestionario sobre datos sociodemográficos, Test de Fagerström para la dependencia de la nicotina y La Bateria Fatorial de Personalidad se aplicó. Los resultados revelaron medias significativamente más altas para fumadores en la faceta búsqueda de noticias y el factor de apertura, mientras que los no fumadores tenían puntuaciones significativamente más altas en la vulnerabilidad, prosocialidad, confianza en las personas y compromiso. Se observó asociación significativa con la dependencia de la nicotina sólo en la faceta confianza en las personas. Se espera que los resultados se pueden utilizar para mejorar el rendimiento de los psicólogos en la zona de fumadores.(AU)