Reevaluating the Binge Eating Scale cut-off using DSM-5 criteria: analysis and replication in preoperative metabolic and bariatric surgery samples.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic and bariatric surgery is effective for sustained weight loss, but binge eating disorder (BED) can be associated with poorer outcomes and lead to weight regain. A common measure used to screen for BED is the Binge Eating Scale (BES). A BES cut-off score of ≥17 previously identified patients who have a high likelihood of meeting criteria for BED. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), lowered the threshold for meeting criteria for BED, and the psychometrics of the BES need to be reevaluated. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the current investigation is to evaluate whether alternative cut-scores on the BES result in better classification of BED based on the DSM-5 revision of the the BED diagnostic criteria. SETTING: Academic medical hospital in the Midwestern United States. METHODS: Patients (n =1133) seeking metabolic and bariatric surgery were randomly split into 2 samples for validation and replication. The validation sample consisted of 561 patients (30.1% men, 35% non-White). The replication sample consisted of 572 patients who were demographically similar to the first random split sample (e.g., 25.3% men, 34.4% non-White). RESULTS: Of these patients, 13.5% met DSM-5 criteria for BED in the validation sample and 13.8% met criteria for BED in the replication sample. Lowering the interpretative cut-off to ≥15 on the BES yielded sensitivity values of >.72, specificity values of >.67, and an accurate classification of BED in >.70 of patients across both samples. These classification values were as good as or better than the standard cut-off score of ≥17 in both samples. CONCLUSIONS: The BES is appropriate to screen for BED in patients who are seeking bariatric surgery. A 2-point decrease in the BES score for clinical interpretation is appropriate-lowering it from 17 to 15 given DSM-5 updates to diagnostic criteria.

Long-term changes in dietary intake and its association with eating-related problems after gastric bypass in adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is an established, effective treatment for severe adolescent obesity. Long-term dietary intake and the relationship to eating-related problems are scarcely evaluated in this population. OBJECTIVES: Assess changes in dietary intake in adolescents after RYGB and explore associations between dietary intake and eating-related problems. SETTING: Multicenter study in Swedish university hospitals. METHOD: Diet history, binge eating scale (BES), and Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire were assessed preoperatively and 1, 2, and 5 years after RYGB in 85 adolescents (67% female) aged 16.5 ± 1.2 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 45.5 ± 6.0 kg/m2 and compared with control individuals at 5 years. RESULTS: Five-year BMI change was -28.6% ± 12.7% versus +9.9% ± 18.9% in RYGB patients versus control individuals (P < .001). Through 5 years, RYGB adolescents reported reduced energy intake, portion size of cooked meals at dinner, and milk/yoghurt consumption (P < .01). The BES scores were 9.3 ± 8.3 versus 13.4 ± 10.5 in RYGB patients versus control individuals (P = .04). Association between BES score and energy intake was stronger in control individuals (r = .27 versus r = .62 in RYGB patients versus control individuals, P < .001). At 5 years, lower energy intake was associated with greater BMI loss in all adolescents (r = .33, P < .001). Higher scores in BES and uncontrolled and emotional eating were associated with higher energy intake, cooked meals, candies/chocolates, cakes/cookies, desserts, and sugary drinks (r > .23, P < .04) and lower intake of fruits/berries (r = -.32, P = .044). A higher score in cognitive restraint was associated with a higher intake of cereals and fruits/berries (r > .22, P < .05) and a lower intake of sugary drinks (r = -.24, P < .03). CONCLUSION: To support optimization of long-term outcomes in adolescent RYGB patients, it is important to provide management strategies to reduce energy intake. Monitoring eating-related problems could identify potential individuals at risk of poor weight loss and to initiate treatment interventions.

Quality of life, binge eating and sexual function in participants treated for obesity with sustained release naltrexone/bupropion.

Objective: This multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label trial examined weight-related quality of life, control over eating behaviour and sexual function after 26 weeks of treatment with either 32 mg naltrexone sustained release (SR)/360 mg bupropion SR plus a comprehensive lifestyle intervention program (NB + CLI, N = 153) or usual care (UC, N = 89), which included minimal lifestyle intervention. Methods: Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite, Binge Eating Scale and Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale were assessed at baseline (BL) and weeks 16 and 26. Results: NB + CLI and UC participants lost 9.46 and 0.94% respectively of initial body weight at week 26 (P < 0.0001). NB + CLI participants had greater improvements in Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite total score than UC participants (P < 0.0001). In participants with moderate/severe Binge Eating Scale scores at BL, 91% of NB + CLI and 18% of UC participants experienced categorical improvements. In participants with Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale-defined sexual dysfunction at BL, 58% of NB + CLI and 19% of UC participants no longer met dysfunction criteria at week 26. The most frequent adverse events leading to discontinuation before week 26 in NB + CLI included nausea (10.5%); anxiety (3.3%); and headache, hypertension, insomnia and palpitations (1.3% each). Conclusion: Compared with UC, participants treated with NB + CLI experienced greater improvements in weight-related quality of life, control over eating behaviour, and sexual function.

Contribution of binge eating behaviour to cardiometabolic risk factors in subjects starting a weight loss or maintenance programme.

The contribution of binge eating (BE) behaviour to cardiometabolic risk factors has been scarcely investigated so far. Previous studies have not considered the nutritional status and lifestyle of subjects suffering from BE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of BE to the metabolic syndrome (MS), its components, high total cholesterol and high LDL in a large sample of subjects, taking into account nutritional status, dietary habits, smoking status and physical activity. For this purpose, 5175 adults seeking a weight loss or maintenance programme were recruited. Anthropometrical measurements and blood parameters were measured. BE was evaluated using the Binge Eating Scale (BES). A fourteen-item questionnaire was used to evaluate the adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Smoking status and physical activity were investigated by interview. BE prevalence was 0·16 (95 % CI 0·15, 0·17). A sex- and age-adjusted Poisson regression model showed a higher prevalence of MS in binge eaters (0·33; 95 % CI 0·28, 0·37) compared with non-binge eaters (0·27; 95 % CI 0·25, 0·28, P=0·011). However, the statistical difference was lost after inclusion of BMI and lifestyle parameters in the multiple-adjusted model. We also evaluated the association between the continuous outcomes of interest and the BES score using a multivariable median regression model. We observed a positive, but clinically irrelevant, association between BES score and HDL levels (P<0·001). In conclusion, BE does not seem to be independently related to cardiometabolic risk factors. However, the screening and treatment of BE are of clinical relevance in order to reduce the risk of developing obesity.

Graze eating among bariatric surgery candidates: prevalence and psychosocial correlates.

BACKGROUND: Graze eating is defined as repetitive, unplanned eating of small amounts of food throughout the day. Little consensuses exist regarding whether graze eating, like binge eating disorder (BED), is characterized by feelings of loss of control (LOC). Furthermore, little is known about how patients who graze eat with and without LOC differ psychologically. OBJECTIVES: The present study seeks to better characterize graze eating by examining differences between graze eating with LOC (+LOC) and without LOC (-LOC) among presurgical bariatric patients. SETTING: A large, Midwestern academic medical center. METHODS: The sample consisted of 288 adult bariatric surgery candidates (mean age 45.8, standard deviation [SD] 12.57) who underwent a presurgical psychological evaluation. Graze eating, BED, and other mental health diagnoses were evaluated using a semistructured interview. Participants were also administered the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) and binge eating scale (BES). Data were collected using a retrospective chart review. RESULTS: Among the 33% (n = 95) of the sample who reported preoperative graze eating, 32% (n = 30) also endorsed LOC. Graze eating, particularly with LOC, was associated with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) diagnoses of anxiety disorders and BED, and multiple measures of internalizing dysfunction on the MMPI-2-RF. CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgery candidates who graze eat experience a greater degree of overall distress and psychopathology including anxiety and depression. The minority who experience grazing+LOC appear to have even greater risk of psychopathology. Moreover, there appears to be significant overlap with BED. Future research should explore whether these 2 maladaptive eating patterns benefit from similar treatment.

[Validation of the French version of the Binge Eating Scale: Examination of its factor structure, internal consistency and construct validity in a non-clinical and a clinical population]. / Validation de la version française de la Binge Eating Scale : étude de sa structure factorielle, de sa consistance interne et de sa validité de construit en population clinique et non clinique.

OBJECTIVE: The Binge Eating Scale is a widely used scale to assess binge eating disorder in obese patients. Until now, this scale has not been validated on a French population, and no psychometrically sound tool assesses binge eating disorder in the French. This study aimed to test the psychometric properties of a French version of the Binge Eating Scale by establishing its factor structure, internal consistency, and construct validity in both a non-clinical population and a clinical population (obese patients who are candidates for bariatric surgery). METHODS: A total of 553 non-clinical subjects and 63 morbidly obese patients who were candidates for bariatric surgery were assessed with the BES and the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh or BITE (which assesses both binge eating behaviours and use of inappropriate compensatory behaviours). We tested the factor structure of the instrument, its internal consistency, its construct validity with measures of binge eating, and its construct validity with measures of inappropriate compensatory behaviours to avoid weight gain. In 47 out of the 63 obese patients, we assessed binge eating disorder (SCID). RESULTS: In the non-clinical population, the BES had a one-factor structure (which accounted for 61% of the variance), excellent internal consistency (α=0.93), and high construct validity with measures of binge eating. In this population, construct validity with measures of inappropriate compensatory behaviours was confirmed in overweight and obese subjects (P=0.42), but not in underweight and optimal weight subjects (P<0.001). In obese patients candidates for bariatric surgery, we demonstrated that the BES had a one-factor structure (which accounted for 46% of the variance), had high internal consistency (α=0.88) and high construct validity with measures of binge eating and good construct validity with measures of inappropriate compensatory behaviours to avoid weight gain. In the subpopulation of 47 obese patients, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were respectively 75%, 88.4%, 37.5% and 97.4% (BES threshold=18). DISCUSSION: In this study, we validated a psychometrically sound French version of the Binge Eating Scale, both in a non-clinical and a clinical sample. The psychometric properties of the French version of the BES are comparable to its original version with a one-factor structure. The BES is a useful tool to assess binge eating disorder in obese patients (e.g., bariatric surgery candidates), but might not differentiate between binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa in underweight and optimal weight subjects.

Factor Structure of the Binge Eating Scale in a Large Sample of Obese and Overweight Patients Attending Low Energy Diet Therapy.

In the present study, we evaluated the dimensionality and psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Binge Eating Scale (BES) in a 669 (127 men and 542 women) obese and overweight patients seeking weight loss treatment. All participants were administered the Italian version of the BES. Fit statistics for the alternative SEM models demonstrated that both the one-factor and competing two-factor models had a comparable fit to the data. Thus, we selected the one-factor model as the most parsimonious. The BES had good internal consistency reliability (α = 0.89) with a moderate mean inter-item correlation (rii = 0.34). Given that we were not able to clearly determine the best model among the competing two-factor models and a comparable fit of these models with the one-factor model, we have suggested that the one-factor model is the best fitting model describing the dimensionality of the BES.

Replication and evaluation of a proposed two-factor Binge Eating Scale (BES) structure in a sample of bariatric surgery candidates.

BACKGROUND: The Binge Eating Scale (BES) is a widely-used self-report measure of binge eating severity. Hood et al. reported a 2-factor structure for the BES in a sample of bariatric surgery candidates, with factors labeled feelings/cognitions and behavioral manifestations. The present study aims to replicate and extend the factor structure obtained by Hood et al. by testing the utility of a bifactor model that removes binge eating severity variance, which the total BES score purports to assess, in another sample of bariatric surgery candidates. METHODS: Bariatric surgery candidates (n = 517; 71.2% women; mean body mass index = 49.50 kg/m(2); SD = 10.17) were sampled. Twenty-four percent met DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for binge eating disorder. RESULTS: Consistent with previous research, a 2-factor structure for the BES was supported; however, the 2 factors were substantially correlated (r = .89). A bifactor model significantly improved model fit, supporting the presence of a higher-order severity factor accounting for a significant amount of variance. This factor was primarily marked by binge eating severity as demonstrated by associations with number of objective binge eating episodes and DSM-IV-TR diagnosis. In the bifactor model, the feelings/cognitions factor was modestly associated with self-reported mood psychopathology. However, contrary to expectations, the behavioral manifestation factor was not associated with empirically derived behavioral problems. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings partially converge with those of Hood et al. However, the use of the BES as a 2-factor measure is not recommended at this point because of lack of incremental validity demonstrated by the behavioral manifestation factor. Continued use of the BES as a unidimensional measure of binge eating severity, in conjunction with a comprehensive clinical interview, can provide useful guidance for presurgical treatment recommendations.

Prevalência de compulsão alimentar periódica em indivíduos do sudoeste do Paraná / Prevalence of periodic binge eating disorder in the population in the southwest of Paraná

Devido o transtorno de compulsão alimentar periódico estar aumentando significativamente e pela inexistência de estudos na região sudoeste objetivou-se verificar a prevalência deste transtorno em indivíduos do sudoeste do Paraná, por meio da aplicação da Escala de Compulsão Alimentar Periódica (ECAP) validada para o português. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo realizado por meio de aplicação de um questionário de coleta de dados autoaplicável em dois postos de saúde do sudoeste do Paraná. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética, depois de submetido na Plataforma Brasil, de acordo com a resolução 466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. A amostra em estudo foi constituída por 120 (100%) participantes do sexo feminino em estado nutricional de eutrofia, sobrepeso e obesidade, com idade mínima de 20 e máxima de 59 anos (média ± EPM de 35,25 ± 0,95 anos), observamos que 80% da amostra não apresentam compulsão alimentar periódica, 15% apresentaram compulsão alimentar periódica moderado e 5% apresentaram compulsão alimentar periódica severa com média de 32,83 pontos. Ao analisar a faixa etária de maior risco, observa-se que os indivíduos entre 20-29 anos e 30-39 anos apresentam pontuações mais elevadas (F(3,116) =2,47; p ≤ 0.05). Os indivíduos obesos da faixa etária de 30-39 anos apresentaram escores mais elevados sendo significantes em relação aos indivíduos eutróficos da mesma faixa etária (p ≤ 0,05). Assim conclui-se que o IMC mais elevado é fator de risco para desenvolvimento de TCAP, assim como em indivíduos com menor faixa etária na idade adulta.

Binge eating disorder (BED) is significantly increasing, and the lack of studies in the southwestern region, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of BED in subjects in southwestern Paraná by applying the Binge Eating Scale (BES) validated for Portuguese. This is a quantitative study conducted through a self-administered data collection questionnaire applied in two health centers in southwestern Paraná. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee, after undergoing Platform Brazil, according to Resolution 466/2012 from the National Health Council (CNES). The study sample consisted of 120 (100%) female participants in the nutritional status of normal weight, overweight and obesity, with a minimum age of 20 and maximum of 59 years (mean ± SEM of 35.25 ± 0.95 years). It was observed that 80% of the sample did not have BED, while 15% presented moderate BED and 5% had severe BED, averaging 32.83 points. When analyzing the age group presenting the greatest risk, it could be observed that individuals between 20-29 years old and 30-39 years old have the highest scores (F (3.116) = 2.47, p ≤ 0.05). Obese individuals in the age group of 30-39 years old had higher scores, being significant when compared to normal individuals in the same age group (p ≤ 0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that higher body mass index is a risk factor for developing BED, as well as in individuals with lower age in adulthood.

Impact of using DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing binge eating disorder in bariatric surgery candidates: change in prevalence rate, demographic characteristics, and scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory--2 restructured form (MMPI-2-RF).

OBJECTIVE: Binge eating disorder (BED) was recently included in the DSM-5. The prevalence rate for BED using the DSM-IV-TR research criteria tends to be higher in bariatric surgery candidates than the normative population; however, no studies have examined how many more bariatric surgery candidates will meet the new, less conservative criteria of DSM-5. We explore the current BED prevalence rate change in a sample of bariatric surgery candidates. METHOD: Data were obtained for 1,283 bariatric surgery candidates. 84 men and 213 women were diagnosed with current BED using DSM-IV-TR research criteria. A semi-structured interview, the binge eating scale (BES), and a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) were given to every patient as part of standard procedures mandated by the facility. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: An additional 3.43% (p < .001) of bariatric surgery candidates met the diagnostic threshold for BED when using DSM-5 criteria. These individuals were demographical similar and produced similar MMPI-2-RF and BES scores when compared with patients who met DSM-IV-TR criteria for BED. Thus, the current investigation indicates that individuals meeting BED criteria based on DSM-5 are similar to those meeting the more conservative diagnostic threshold outlined in DSM-IV-TR in a sample of bariatric surgery candidates.

Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory-2 restructured form (MMPI-2-RF) scale score differences in bariatric surgery candidates diagnosed with binge eating disorder versus BMI-matched controls.

OBJECTIVE: Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is among the most common psychiatric disorders in bariatric surgery candidates. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) is a broadband, psychological test that includes measures of emotional and behavioral dysfunction, which have been associated with BED behaviors in bariatric surgery candidates; however these studies have lacked appropriate controls. In the current study, we compared MMPI-2-RF scale scores of bariatric surgery patients diagnosed with BED (BED+) with BMI-matched controls without BED (BED-). METHOD: Three-hundred and seven BED+ participants (72.64% female and 67.87% Caucasian; mean BMI of 51.36 kg/m(2) [SD = 11.94]) were drawn from a large, database (N = 1304). Three-hundred and seven BED- participants were matched on BMI and demographics (72.64% female, 68.63% Caucasian, and mean BMI of 51.30 kg/m(2) [SD = 11.70]). RESULTS: The BED+ group scored significantly higher on measures of Demoralization, Low Positive Emotions, and Dysfunctional Negative Emotions and scored lower on measures of Antisocial Behaviors, reflecting behavioral constraint. Optimal T-Score cutoffs were below the traditional 65 T score for several MMPI-2-RF scales. MMPI-2-RF externalizing measures also added incrementally to differentiating between the groups beyond the Binge Eating Scale (BES). DISCUSSION: BED+ individuals produced greater elevations on a number of MMPI-2-RF internalizing scales and externalizing scales. Use of the test in conjunction with a clinical interview and other self-report data can further aid the clinician in guiding patients to appropriate treatment to optimize outcome.

Factor structure and predictive utility of the Binge Eating Scale in bariatric surgery candidates.

BACKGROUND: Screening for binge eating before bariatric surgery is a component of the recommended clinical practice for bariatric surgery candidates. The Binge Eating Scale (BES) is 1 of the most commonly used self-report measures of eating behaviors in preoperative evaluations; however, the factor structure of this measure has not been evaluated in the bariatric population. The aims of the present study were to report the mean, standard deviation, and reliability of the BES for patients seeking bariatric surgery; to evaluate the 2-factor structure of the BES using confirmatory factor analysis; and to investigate the association between the BES and its factors with surgical weight loss. The setting was an academic medical center. METHODS: A total of 530 patients completed the BES as a component of their psychological evaluation before undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. RESULTS: Approximately one third of patients reported at least mild to moderate binge eating, with 9% of patients reporting severe binge eating on the BES. The BES demonstrated good internal consistency. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a 2-factor structure, consisting of feelings/cognitions related to binge eating and behavioral manifestations of binge eating, was the best fit to the data. Nonsignificant correlations were found between the BES and its 2 factors with short-term postoperative weight loss. CONCLUSION: The BES measures 2 aspects of binge eating in bariatric surgery candidates, feelings/cognitions and behavioral manifestations of binge eating. Consideration of these factors in patients presenting for bariatric surgery could allow for a more detailed understanding of binge eating in this population.

The validation of the malay version of binge eating scale: a comparison with the structured clinical interview for the DSM-IV.

BACKGROUND: The Binge Eating Scale (BES) questionnaire is a self-administered instrument developed to identify binge eaters. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of the Malay language version of BES as a screening instrument for binge eating. A cut-off point of 17 is taken as comparable to the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV patient version (SCID-I/P), the gold standard for the diagnosis of Binge Eating Disorder. METHOD: The questionnaire was structured from the English version of the original scale which has 16 items. The sample was obtained from outpatients and healthy adult volunteers at a teaching hospital. After completion of BES, the participants were interviewed with the SCID-I/P. The interviewer was blinded to the BES score. RESULTS: The Malay version of BES yielded a sensitivity of 84.6%, specificity of 94.9%, a positive predictive value of 81.8%, a negative predictive value of 95.7%. Area under the curve was 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.90-0.99). The results of factor analysis indicated a two factor structure of feelings/cognition and behavioural manifestation of binge eating. Internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha was 0.89. CONCLUSION: The BES performed satisfactorily as a valid instrument for screening of binge eating among Malay-speaking population.

Estudo da relação entre o índice de massa corporal e o comportamento alimentar de adultos / A study about the relation between body mass index and eating behavior in adults

The aim of this work was to analyze the relationship between Binge EatingScale (BES), Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire and nutritional status(normal, overweight and obese) according to gender. The sample consisted of 106 volunteers over 18 years old, 49 men and 57 women. To evaluate the nutritional status, the Body Mass Index (BMI) classification proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) was considered. A total of 73.58% of the whole sample did not present binge eating disturb, while 21.7% presented moderate and 4.71% severe binge eating disturb. There were significant differences between men and women, and also between normal and overweight or obese only in the male sample. Regarding the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, overweight women, mainly in the external subscale, obtained the highest scores. These findings reinforce the usefulness of these psychological assessment instruments for the establishment of body weight control strategies, approaching both the clinical and the epidemiological areas.

El trabajo tuvo por objetivo analizar las relaciones entre la Escala de Compulsión Alimentar, el Cuestionario Holandés de Comportamiento Alimentar y el estado nutricional (eutrófico, sobrepeso y obesidad) deacuerdo con el sexo. La muestra era una población de 106 voluntarios mayores de 18 años, 49 hombres y 57 mujeres. Para la clasificación del estado nutricional se consideró el índice de masa corporal (IMC) según elcriterio de la Organización Mundial de Salud. En 73,58% de la población no se manifestaba compulsión alimentar, mientras que 21,7% presentaba compulsión moderada y 4,71% compulsión grave. Las diferencias fueronsignificativas entre hombres y mujeres y también entre los individuos eutróficos en relación a aquellos con sobrepeso u obesos, perosolamente en la población masculina. En el cuestionario sobre comportamiento alimentar, los mayores escores correspondieron a lasmujeres con sobrepeso y el mayor puntaje fue atribuido al estilo externo. Los resultados consolidan la utilidad de estos instrumentos en la evaluación de aspectos psicológicos, como la compulsión alimentaria y los estilos alimentarios predominantes, en la orientación de estrategiasde control del peso corporal, en ámbito clínico y epidemiológico.

O trabalho teve por objetivo analisar as relações entre a Escala de Compulsão Alimentar, o Questionário Holandês de ComportamentoAlimentar e o Estado Nutricional (eutrófico, sobrepeso e obesidade), conforme gênero. A amostra foi composta por 106 voluntáriosmaiores de 18 anos, 49 homens e 57 mulheres. Para a classificação do estado nutricional, foi considerado o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC)conforme critério da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Um total de 73,58% da amostra não apresentara compulsão alimentar, enquanto 21,7% apresentaram compulsão moderada e 4,71% compulsão grave. As diferenças foram significativas, entre homens e mulheres, e dosindivíduos eutróficos em relação àqueles com sobrepeso ou obesos somente na amostra masculina. No questionário sobre comportamentoalimentar, os maiores escores, no geral, foram obtidos pelas mulheres com sobrepeso e a maior pontuação foi atribuída ao estilo externo. Essesresultados reforçam a utilidade desses instrumentos, na avaliação de aspectos psicológicos, como a compulsão alimentar e os estilos alimentares predominantes, na orientação de estratégias de controle do peso corporal, em âmbito clínico e epidemiológico.