ABSTRACT
The inadequate transportation of foundry slags during the construction of a mining waste landfill accounted for the presence of slags in the dirt road that connects the working district of Vila Mota to the city of Adrianópolis. The objectives of this work were to assess the lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) contamination of the dirt. Three samples separated by 2 km were collected along a dirt road (samples: Adrianópolis, Deposit, and Plant). The conducted assays were physico-chemical parameters, pseudototal concentration, three sequential extraction procedures, and bioaccessibility assay. The laboratory data was used as input in the calculation of contamination indices risk assessment code (RAC) and potential ecological risk (Eri). The dirt road presented high concentrations of Pb (mean 1426.5 mg kg-1) and Zn (mean 4964.8 mg kg-1). The BCR SEP (Bureau Community of Reference Sequential Extraction Procedure) method was more adequate in extracting the soluble-exchangeable fraction, and this fraction was correlated with the gastric phase. The bioaccessible fraction is mainly present in the stomach fraction and is transported to the intestinal phase. Using BCR SEP method to calculate the contamination indices, sample Deposit yielded very high risk when calculating RAC and Eri for Pb (72.9% and 639.5, respectively). For Zn, high risk was obtained with RAC and very high risk for Eri (42.5% and 344.2, respectively). The high content of Pb and Zn on the dirt road presents a risk to the population that uses this road, since the soil particles are easily transported, deposited on the dermis, and inhaled.
Subject(s)
Environmental Monitoring/methods , Lead/analysis , Soil Pollutants/analysis , Soil/chemistry , Zinc/analysis , Brazil , Cities , Ecology , Mining , Risk AssessmentABSTRACT
The Antarctic continent is considered a low-impact environment; however, there is a tendency to increase the contaminants' levels due to human activities in the research stations. In this study, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn levels in sediment and biota were determined in the environmental samples from Admiralty Bay (King George Island, Antarctica) collected in 2003. The results demonstrated high concentrations of Cu and Zn in the sediments. There was bioaccumulation of As in the biota from Admiralty Bay and bioaccumulation of Zn specifically in the biota from Martel Inlet. In addition, the results were useful in order to understand the heavy metal levels for the pre-accident condition of Comandante Ferraz Antarctic Station, where an accident occurred in 2012, and also for the comparison with current conditions within the monitoring work developed by INCT-APA (National Institute of Science and Technology for Environmental Research Antarctic).
Subject(s)
Aquatic Organisms/drug effects , Biota/drug effects , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Geologic Sediments/chemistry , Metals, Heavy/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Antarctic Regions , Aquatic Organisms/metabolism , Bays/chemistry , Bays/microbiology , Humans , Islands , Mercury/analysis , Mercury/metabolism , Metals, Heavy/metabolism , Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolismABSTRACT
The study of the nutritional value of whole and diluted buffalo milk in relation to whole and standardized cow milk was performed using rats as test animals. The following conclusions were obtained: no differences were observed between buffalo milk regarding in vitro digestibility; a higher calcium retention was exhibited by animals under diet of buffalo whole milk; trygliceride levels were higher in blood of rats under buffalo milk diet, although those values are considered to be normal for these test animals.
Foi estudado o valor nutricional do leite de búfala integral e diluído em comparação com o leite de vaca integral e tipo C, utilizando ratos como animais de teste, obtendo-se as seguintes conclusões: não houve diferença entre os leites estudados quanto à digestibilidade in vitro; a retenção de cálcio pelos animais, foi superior para a dieta com leite de búfala integral; não houve diferenças significativas para os níveis de triglicerídeos no sangue dos animais; os níveis de colesterol no sangue dos animais foram maiores para as dietas contendo leite de búfala, embora esses níveis sejam considerados dentro da faixa normal para os animais em estudo.
ABSTRACT
The study of the nutritional value of whole and diluted buffalo milk in relation to whole and standardized cow milk was performed using rats as test animals. The following conclusions were obtained: no differences were observed between buffalo milk regarding in vitro digestibility; a higher calcium retention was exhibited by animals under diet of buffalo whole milk; trygliceride levels were higher in blood of rats under buffalo milk diet, although those values are considered to be normal for these test animals.
Foi estudado o valor nutricional do leite de búfala integral e diluído em comparação com o leite de vaca integral e tipo C, utilizando ratos como animais de teste, obtendo-se as seguintes conclusões: não houve diferença entre os leites estudados quanto à digestibilidade in vitro; a retenção de cálcio pelos animais, foi superior para a dieta com leite de búfala integral; não houve diferenças significativas para os níveis de triglicerídeos no sangue dos animais; os níveis de colesterol no sangue dos animais foram maiores para as dietas contendo leite de búfala, embora esses níveis sejam considerados dentro da faixa normal para os animais em estudo.