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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 37(3): 830-837, Sept. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012361

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of this study was to explore the latent relations of the selected morphometric, physiological and biochemical parameters. Thirty-six variables (12 morphometric, 9 physiological and 15 biochemical variables) were measured on 317 male-entities aged 17 - 35 y/o. The obtained data were analysed through the factor analysis of the first and second order. The statistical analyses were performed with the IBM SPSS Statistics software package, version 20. The factorization of the first order enabled extraction of 12 latent factors that explain 74.8 % of the total variance, while the factorization of the second order enabled extraction of five latent components that explain 51.39 % of the total variance. The final results of this study confirm the main hypothesis that there exist the numbers of latent variables that explain the latent structure of selected biometric measures. The nature of the extracted latent factors/ components in both orders of factorization is relatively clear, understandable, and easy to interpret. The higher projections of the manifest biometric variables on the extracted latent factors of the first and second order were accordingly with the nature of the measured variables. The results of this research might be considered as one step more in the holistic approach to the biometric measures.


El objetivo principal de este estudio fue explorar las relaciones latentes de parámetros morfométricos, fisiológicos y bioquímicos seleccionados. Treinta y seis variables (12 morfométricas, 9 fisiológicas y 15 bioquímicas) se midieron en 317 hombres de 17 a 35 años. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados a través del análisis factorial de primer y segundo orden. Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron con el software IBM SPSS Statistics, versión 20. La factorización del primer orden permitió la extracción de 12 factores latentes que explican el 74,8 % de la varianza total, mientras que la factorización del segundo orden permitió la extracción de cinco componentes latentes que determinaron el 51,39 % de la varianza total. Los resultados finales de este estudio confirmaron la hipótesis principal de que existen números de variables latentes que explican la estructura latente de las medidas biométricas seleccionadas. La naturaleza de los factores/componentes latentes extraídos en ambos órdenes de factorización es relativamente clara, comprensible y fácil de interpretar. Las proyecciones superiores de las variables biométricas manifiestas en los factores latentes extraídos del primer y segundo orden correspondieron a la naturaleza de las variables medidas. Los resultados de esta investigación podrían considerarse como un paso más en el enfoque holístico de las medidas biométricas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Anthropometry , Anatomy , Physiology , Biochemistry , Body Weights and Measures , Cross-Sectional Studies , Analysis of Variance , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Homeostasis
2.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 40(6,supl.2): 3197-3208, 2019. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1501589

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work was to study the influence of environmental effects, sex of the lamb, type of birth, year of birth, birth season, julian birth date, and lambing weight on the weights and biometric measurements of Santa Inês lambs from birth to weaning (70 days of age), and to define the best-adjusted statistical model. Data on weights, heights, body lengths, and thoracic perimeters obtained at birth and close to 28 and 70 days of age from 270 lambs were used. Three analyses were carried out considering different models; one with isolated environmental factors, one with animals grouped into contemporaries according to lamb sex, type of birth, year of birth, and season of birth (GC1), and one with animals gathered in groups of contemporaries according to lamb sex, type of birth, year of birth, season of birth, and the julian date of birth (GC2). Environmental factors influenced a large proportion of body weights and measurements from birth to weaning; the main factors were type of birth and year of birth. The GC2 evaluations presented higher determination coefficients and lower values for Akaike information criteria. However, many observations were discarded; 114, 111, and 103 compared with those rejected by the GC1 analysis, which included two, three, and four observations at birth, 28 days of age, and at weaning, respectively. This may lead to the exclusion of animals with genetic potential.


Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a influência dos fatores ambientais, sexo do cordeiro, tipo de parto, ano de nascimento, época de nascimento, data juliana de nascimento e peso da mãe ao parto sobre os pesos e medidas biométricas de cordeiros da raça Santa Inês do nascimento ao desmame (70 dias de idade), e avaliar duas diferentes composições de grupos de contemporâneos. Foram utilizadas informações de peso corporal, altura de cernelha, comprimento corporal e perímetro torácico de 270 cordeiros ao nascimento e próximas aos 28 e aos 70 dias de idade. Foram realizadas três análises, utilizando-se diferentes modelos. Um modelo com efeitos de ano de nascimento, época de nascimento, sexo da cria e tipo de parto e o peso da mãe ao parto com efeitos linear e quadrático e a data juliana de nascimento. Outros dois modelos foram avaliados, com os animais reunidos em grupos de contemporâneos de acordo com sexo do cordeiro, tipo de parto, ano de nascimento e época de nascimento (GC1), e com os animais reunidos em grupos de contemporâneos de acordo com sexo do cordeiro, tipo de parto, ano de nascimento, época de nascimento e a data juliana de nascimento (GC2). Os fatores ambientais influenciaram grande parte dos pesos e medidas corporais do nascimento ao desmame, sendo que os principais efeitos foram o tipo de parto e ano de nascimento. As avaliações com GC2 apresentaram maiores coeficientes de determinação e menores critérios de informação Akaike, porém grande número de observações foi descartado, 114, 111 e 103, quando comparadas aos números de observações descartadas da análise com o GC1, que foram de 2, 3 e 4 observações ao nascer, aos 28 dias de idade e ao desmame, respectivamente, o que pode acarretar na exclusão de animais com bom potencial genético para as características analisadas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Biometry/methods , Environment , Sheep/growth & development , Body Weight
3.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 40(6,supl.2): 3269-3278, 2019. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1501594

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the interrelation among growth traits in Santa Inês lambs using principal component analysis. Data on 270 lambs born between 2008 and 2013 were used. The variables studied were weight at birth, adjusted weights, and average daily gains at 14, 28, 52, and 70 days of age. The wither height, thoracic perimeter, and body length at birth and adjusted at 28 and 70 days of age (weaning), were also used. The statistical model comprised the fixed effects of the contemporary group, the linear effect of julian date at birth, and the linear and quadratic effects of lambing weight. The first principal component explained approximately 89% and 85% of the total variation for body weight at different ages and average daily gains, respectively. The second principal component compared heavier animals or those that gained more weight at 14 days with lighter lambs or those that gained less weight at 14 in the other ages explaining 5% and 10% of the variation, among the animals. The first principal component accounted for 77%, 91%, and 77% of the variation for weight, thoracic perimeter, wither height, and length at birth, 28 days, and 70 days of age, respectively, and compared large animals or animals with greater body volume. The second component, with values of 16%, 6%, and 14% of the total variation at the three ages, respectively, compared animals with distinct conformation to discriminate animals of different shapes and verified that the weights at the different ages and the thoracic perimeter are important sources of variability among the animals.


Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as inter-relações entre as medidas de crescimento em cordeiros da raça Santa Inês no período pré-desmame, utilizando-se a técnica dos componentes principais. Para tanto, contou-se com informações de 270 cordeiros, nascidos entre 2008 e 2013. As variáveis estudadas foram o peso ao nascimento, os pesos corrigidos e ganhos médios diários aos 14, 28, 52 e 70 dias de idade. Foram utilizadas as medidas, altura de cernelha, perímetro torácico e comprimento ao nascimento e corrigidas para os 28 e 70 dias de idade de cordeiros Santa Inês. O modelo estatístico utilizado na análise por componentes principais para todas as características estudadas incluiu os efeitos de grupo de contemporâneos, o efeito linear da data juliana de nascimento e os efeitos linear e quadrático do peso da ovelha ao parto. Para os pesos às diferentes idades e os ganhos médios diários o primeiro componente principal acumulou 89% e 85% da variação total, respectivamente. O segundo componente contrastou animais mais pesados ou ganharam mais peso aos 14 dias com aqueles que foram mais leves ou ganharam menos pesos nas demais idades, explicando 5 e 10% da variabilidade entre os animais. Para as medidas de peso, perímetro torácico, altura de cernelha e comprimento ao nascimento, aos 28 dias de idade e aos 70 dias de idade, o primeiro componente, que acumulou 77%, 91% e 77% da variabilidade existente, respectivamente, comparou animais de maior tamanho ou volume corporal. O segundo componente, com 16%, 6% e 14%, respectivamente da variabilidade total, comparou animais de diferentes conformações e verificou-se que os pesos nas diferentes idades e o perímetro torácico são importantes fontes de variabilidade entre os animais.


Subject(s)
Animals , Infant , Weight Gain , Biometry , Sheep/growth & development , Multivariate Analysis
4.
Semina Ci. agr. ; 40(6,supl.2): 3197-3208, 2019. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-25745

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work was to study the influence of environmental effects, sex of the lamb, type of birth, year of birth, birth season, julian birth date, and lambing weight on the weights and biometric measurements of Santa Inês lambs from birth to weaning (70 days of age), and to define the best-adjusted statistical model. Data on weights, heights, body lengths, and thoracic perimeters obtained at birth and close to 28 and 70 days of age from 270 lambs were used. Three analyses were carried out considering different models; one with isolated environmental factors, one with animals grouped into contemporaries according to lamb sex, type of birth, year of birth, and season of birth (GC1), and one with animals gathered in groups of contemporaries according to lamb sex, type of birth, year of birth, season of birth, and the julian date of birth (GC2). Environmental factors influenced a large proportion of body weights and measurements from birth to weaning; the main factors were type of birth and year of birth. The GC2 evaluations presented higher determination coefficients and lower values for Akaike information criteria. However, many observations were discarded; 114, 111, and 103 compared with those rejected by the GC1 analysis, which included two, three, and four observations at birth, 28 days of age, and at weaning, respectively. This may lead to the exclusion of animals with genetic potential.(AU)


Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a influência dos fatores ambientais, sexo do cordeiro, tipo de parto, ano de nascimento, época de nascimento, data juliana de nascimento e peso da mãe ao parto sobre os pesos e medidas biométricas de cordeiros da raça Santa Inês do nascimento ao desmame (70 dias de idade), e avaliar duas diferentes composições de grupos de contemporâneos. Foram utilizadas informações de peso corporal, altura de cernelha, comprimento corporal e perímetro torácico de 270 cordeiros ao nascimento e próximas aos 28 e aos 70 dias de idade. Foram realizadas três análises, utilizando-se diferentes modelos. Um modelo com efeitos de ano de nascimento, época de nascimento, sexo da cria e tipo de parto e o peso da mãe ao parto com efeitos linear e quadrático e a data juliana de nascimento. Outros dois modelos foram avaliados, com os animais reunidos em grupos de contemporâneos de acordo com sexo do cordeiro, tipo de parto, ano de nascimento e época de nascimento (GC1), e com os animais reunidos em grupos de contemporâneos de acordo com sexo do cordeiro, tipo de parto, ano de nascimento, época de nascimento e a data juliana de nascimento (GC2). Os fatores ambientais influenciaram grande parte dos pesos e medidas corporais do nascimento ao desmame, sendo que os principais efeitos foram o tipo de parto e ano de nascimento. As avaliações com GC2 apresentaram maiores coeficientes de determinação e menores critérios de informação Akaike, porém grande número de observações foi descartado, 114, 111 e 103, quando comparadas aos números de observações descartadas da análise com o GC1, que foram de 2, 3 e 4 observações ao nascer, aos 28 dias de idade e ao desmame, respectivamente, o que pode acarretar na exclusão de animais com bom potencial genético para as características analisadas.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep/growth & development , Biometry/methods , Body Weight , Environment
5.
Semina Ci. agr. ; 40(6,supl.2): 3269-3278, 2019. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-25665

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the interrelation among growth traits in Santa Inês lambs using principal component analysis. Data on 270 lambs born between 2008 and 2013 were used. The variables studied were weight at birth, adjusted weights, and average daily gains at 14, 28, 52, and 70 days of age. The wither height, thoracic perimeter, and body length at birth and adjusted at 28 and 70 days of age (weaning), were also used. The statistical model comprised the fixed effects of the contemporary group, the linear effect of julian date at birth, and the linear and quadratic effects of lambing weight. The first principal component explained approximately 89% and 85% of the total variation for body weight at different ages and average daily gains, respectively. The second principal component compared heavier animals or those that gained more weight at 14 days with lighter lambs or those that gained less weight at 14 in the other ages explaining 5% and 10% of the variation, among the animals. The first principal component accounted for 77%, 91%, and 77% of the variation for weight, thoracic perimeter, wither height, and length at birth, 28 days, and 70 days of age, respectively, and compared large animals or animals with greater body volume. The second component, with values of 16%, 6%, and 14% of the total variation at the three ages, respectively, compared animals with distinct conformation to discriminate animals of different shapes and verified that the weights at the different ages and the thoracic perimeter are important sources of variability among the animals.(AU)


Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as inter-relações entre as medidas de crescimento em cordeiros da raça Santa Inês no período pré-desmame, utilizando-se a técnica dos componentes principais. Para tanto, contou-se com informações de 270 cordeiros, nascidos entre 2008 e 2013. As variáveis estudadas foram o peso ao nascimento, os pesos corrigidos e ganhos médios diários aos 14, 28, 52 e 70 dias de idade. Foram utilizadas as medidas, altura de cernelha, perímetro torácico e comprimento ao nascimento e corrigidas para os 28 e 70 dias de idade de cordeiros Santa Inês. O modelo estatístico utilizado na análise por componentes principais para todas as características estudadas incluiu os efeitos de grupo de contemporâneos, o efeito linear da data juliana de nascimento e os efeitos linear e quadrático do peso da ovelha ao parto. Para os pesos às diferentes idades e os ganhos médios diários o primeiro componente principal acumulou 89% e 85% da variação total, respectivamente. O segundo componente contrastou animais mais pesados ou ganharam mais peso aos 14 dias com aqueles que foram mais leves ou ganharam menos pesos nas demais idades, explicando 5 e 10% da variabilidade entre os animais. Para as medidas de peso, perímetro torácico, altura de cernelha e comprimento ao nascimento, aos 28 dias de idade e aos 70 dias de idade, o primeiro componente, que acumulou 77%, 91% e 77% da variabilidade existente, respectivamente, comparou animais de maior tamanho ou volume corporal. O segundo componente, com 16%, 6% e 14%, respectivamente da variabilidade total, comparou animais de diferentes conformações e verificou-se que os pesos nas diferentes idades e o perímetro torácico são importantes fontes de variabilidade entre os animais.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Infant , Sheep/growth & development , Biometry , Weight Gain , Multivariate Analysis
6.
Acta sci. vet. (Online) ; 44: 01-10, 2016. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-722747

ABSTRACT

Background: Most animal species are able to produce Arginine (Arg) under normal conditions. However, in some situations, its degradation can be higher than its production. For example, during a period of lactation or disease, there is an increase in the consumption of Arg. In this case, endogenous production is not enough for the animals demands. Indeed, Arg supplementation in animals has several benefits for the animals body, such as the increase of angiogenesis, improvements in immunity and the reproductive system, as well as the stimulation of lactogenesis. During the early phase of growth, a deficiency of Arg could cause a reduction in the growth rate and metabolic activity of animals. Therefore, this amino acid is considered essential in some phases of the life of animals. However, very few studies of the supplementation of this amino acid in horses have been carried out. The aim of the present study was to characterize the effects of supplementing lactating mares and their foals with Arg. Materials, Methods & Results: Lactating mares (n = 10) were divided into two groups (control group: n = 3 / supplemented group: n = 7) and maintained exclusively under grazing. The supplemented group received 50 g of Arg during the lactation period. Samples of milk and blood from mares and blood from foals were collected at different phases of the lactation period. The following [...](AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Infant, Newborn , Horses/physiology , Horses/growth & development , Arginine/administration & dosage , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Body Composition , Amino Acids/therapeutic use , Biometry , Biomarkers
7.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 44: 01-10, 2016. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1457477

ABSTRACT

Background: Most animal species are able to produce Arginine (Arg) under normal conditions. However, in some situations, its degradation can be higher than its production. For example, during a period of lactation or disease, there is an increase in the consumption of Arg. In this case, endogenous production is not enough for the animals demands. Indeed, Arg supplementation in animals has several benefits for the animals body, such as the increase of angiogenesis, improvements in immunity and the reproductive system, as well as the stimulation of lactogenesis. During the early phase of growth, a deficiency of Arg could cause a reduction in the growth rate and metabolic activity of animals. Therefore, this amino acid is considered essential in some phases of the life of animals. However, very few studies of the supplementation of this amino acid in horses have been carried out. The aim of the present study was to characterize the effects of supplementing lactating mares and their foals with Arg. Materials, Methods & Results: Lactating mares (n = 10) were divided into two groups (control group: n = 3 / supplemented group: n = 7) and maintained exclusively under grazing. The supplemented group received 50 g of Arg during the lactation period. Samples of milk and blood from mares and blood from foals were collected at different phases of the lactation period. The following [...]


Subject(s)
Female , Animals , Infant, Newborn , Arginine/administration & dosage , Horses/growth & development , Horses/physiology , Body Composition , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Amino Acids/therapeutic use , Biomarkers , Biometry
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