Non-Invasive Fish Biometrics for Enhancing Precision and Understanding of Aquaculture Farming through Statistical Morphology Analysis and Machine Learning.

Aquaculture requires precise non-invasive methods for biomass estimation. This research validates a novel computer vision methodology that uses a signature function-based feature extraction algorithm combining statistical morphological analysis of the size and shape of fish and machine learning to improve the accuracy of biomass estimation in fishponds and is specifically applied to tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). These features that are automatically extracted from images are put to the test against previously manually extracted features by comparing the results when applied to three common machine learning methods under two different lighting conditions. The dataset for this analysis encompasses 129 tilapia samples. The results give promising outcomes since the multilayer perceptron model shows robust performance, consistently demonstrating superior accuracy across different features and lighting conditions. The interpretable nature of the model, rooted in the statistical features of the signature function, could provide insights into the morphological and allometric changes at different developmental stages. A comparative analysis against existing literature underscores the competitiveness of the proposed methodology, pointing to advancements in precision, interpretability, and species versatility. This research contributes significantly to the field, accelerating the quest for non-invasive fish biometrics that can be generalized across various aquaculture species in different stages of development. In combination with detection, tracking, and posture recognition, deep learning methodologies such as the one provided in the latest studies could generate a powerful method for real-time fish morphology development, biomass estimation, and welfare monitoring, which are crucial for the effective management of fish farms.

Biometrics of the Hand's Middle Finger to Determine Stature in Chilean University Students / Biometría del Dedo Medio de la Mano para Determinar Estatura en Estudiantes Universitarios Chilenos

SUMMARY: Biometrics and forensic osteology play a significant role in human identification, as the morphological uniqueness of every individual enables the differentiation and recognition of skeletal remains. Through meticulous analysis of human remains, it is possible to determine key demographic attributes such as stature, a significant parameter in the forensic identification process. This information is of practical relevance for the identification of individuals in contexts such as disasters, vehicular accidents, terrorist attacks, armed conflicts, and forensic investigations. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between the hand's middle finger length and stature in a group of Chilean students. A total of 211 students of both sexes from La Araucanía region, Chile, participated in the study. After obtaining informed consent to participate voluntarily in the study, each individual underwent a general anthropometric examination, followed by a specific assessment of the length of the middle finger (MFL) of both hands. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis indicated a significant prediction of stature using the length of the right (R-MFL) and left (L-MFL) middle fingers, F (2, 207) = 79.80, p < 0.001. The equations for estimating stature based on the length of the middle fingers are as follows: for R-MFL, Stature = 91.265 + (8.092 x R-MFL), and for L-MFL, Stature = 83.967 + (8.889 x L-MF). Based on these results, it was found that the length of the middle finger of both hands is predictive of stature.

La biometría y la osteología forense desempeñan un papel relevante en la identificación humana, dado que la singularidad morfológica de cada individuo permite la diferenciación y reconocimiento de restos óseos. Mediante el análisis meticuloso de los restos humanos, es posible determinar atributos demográficos clave como la estatura, un parámetro significativo en el proceso de identificación forense. Esta información posee relevancia práctica para la identificación de personas en contextos de desastres, accidentes vehiculares, ataques terroristas, conflictos armados e investigaciones forenses. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la correlación entre la longitud del dedo medio de la mano con la estatura, en un grupo de estudiantes chilenos. Se evaluaron 211 estudiantes de ambos sexos de la región de La Araucanía, Chile. Tras obtener el consentimiento informado para participar voluntariamente en el estudio, se sometió a cada individuo a un examen antropométrico general, seguido de una evaluación específica de la longitud del dedo medio (MFL) de ambas manos. Los resultados del análisis de las regresiones lineales múltiples indicaron una significativa predicción de estatura utilizando la longitud de los dedos medios derecho (R-MFL) e izquierdo (L-MFL), F (2, 207) = 79.80, p < 0.001. Las ecuaciones para estimar estatura basados en la longitud de los dedos medios son las siguientes: para R-MFL, Stature = 91.265 + (8.092 x R-MFL) y para L-MFL, Stature = 83.967 + (8.889 x L- MF). A partir de estos resultados, se encontró que la longitud del dedo medio de ambos manos es predictora de estatura.

Unveiling wearables: exploring the global landscape of biometric applications and vital signs and behavioral impact.

The development of neuroscientific techniques enabling the recording of brain and peripheral nervous system activity has fueled research in cognitive science. Recent technological advancements offer new possibilities for inducing behavioral change, particularly through cost-effective Internet-based interventions. However, limitations in laboratory equipment volume have hindered the generalization of results to real-life contexts. The advent of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as wearables, equipped with sensors and microchips, has ushered in a new era in behavior change techniques. Wearables, including smartwatches, electronic tattoos, and more, are poised for massive adoption, with an expected annual growth rate of 55% over the next five years. These devices enable personalized instructions, leading to increased productivity and efficiency, particularly in industrial production. Additionally, the healthcare sector has seen a significant demand for wearables, with over 80% of global consumers willing to use them for health monitoring. This research explores the primary biometric applications of wearables and their impact on users' well-being, focusing on the integration of behavior change techniques facilitated by IoT devices. Wearables have revolutionized health monitoring by providing real-time feedback, personalized interventions, and gamification. They encourage positive behavior changes by delivering immediate feedback, tailored recommendations, and gamified experiences, leading to sustained improvements in health. Furthermore, wearables seamlessly integrate with digital platforms, enhancing their impact through social support and connectivity. However, privacy and data security concerns must be addressed to maintain users' trust. As technology continues to advance, the refinement of IoT devices' design and functionality is crucial for promoting behavior change and improving health outcomes. This study aims to investigate the effects of behavior change techniques facilitated by wearables on individuals' health outcomes and the role of wearables in promoting a healthier lifestyle.

Effects of Increasing Glycerin Levels in Broiler Chickens.

Glycerin contributes to the animal's energy metabolism as an important structural component of triglycerides and phospholipids. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of replacing corn with 0, 5, 10, and 15% of glycerin in terms of performance, digestibility, carcass yield, relative weights of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) organs, and nutrient metabolism. Four hundred chickens (40.0 g ± 0.05 g) were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replicates. Growth parameters were measured at 7, 14, 21, and 42 days. Digestibility of crude protein and fat, carcass yield, relative weights of GIT organs, and biochemical blood profile were measured. The results were subject to an analysis of variance by Tukey's HSD test (p > 0.05). The inclusion of 5%, 10%, or 15% of glycerin did not influence performance or affect the crude protein and fat digestibility in broilers (p > 0.05) when compared to that of the basal (0%) diet. Similarly, the supplementation of glycerin levels showed no significant influence (p > 0.05) on the relative GIT organ weights, carcass yield, or nutrient metabolism. Thus, we concluded that glycerin may be included in the broilers' diets in rations of up to 15%.

Effects of the Addition of Trichoderma reesei Cellulase to Broiler Chicken Diets for a 21-Day Period.

The cellulose present in the cell wall of vegetables prevents the greater release of nutrients to the animal. Therefore, the use of the cellulase enzyme is a viable strategy as it is capable of breaking cellulose bonds, releasing nutrients such as glucose, increasing dietary energy, and thus improving the productive performance of birds. Trichoderma reesei is efficient in the production of cellulase, which is produced via submerged fermentation followed by purification, formulation, and drying. Therefore, an experiment was carried out using 240 male broilers of the Cobb-500® lineage to verify the effects resulting from the addition of powdered (500 g/t and 1000 g/t) and liquid (500 mL/t) cellulase over a period of 1 to 21 days. A completely randomized experimental design was used, consisting of four treatments with six replications and ten birds per replication that were housed in an experimental cage. It was observed that performance and digestibility results were significantly different with cellulase supplementation. Also, the relative weight of the large intestine in the period between one and seven days increased when cellulase was added at 1000 g/t. In the period of between eight and 14 days of life, the birds that consumed only the basal diet obtained higher levels of liver protein than those that received the treatments with the addition of the enzyme. However, 15 and 21 days, the consumed feed effect did not occur between thus, it is not conclusive whether hepatotoxicity occurs with the addition of cellulase. For the blood parameters, at 21 days, the diets with added cellulase were not significantly different regarding electrolytes. It was concluded that this cellulase produced by Trichoderma reesei can be included in the animals' diet.

Wearable Biosensor Technology in Education: A Systematic Review.

Wearable Biosensor Technology (WBT) has emerged as a transformative tool in the educational system over the past decade. This systematic review encompasses a comprehensive analysis of WBT utilization in educational settings over a 10-year span (2012-2022), highlighting the evolution of this field to address challenges in education by integrating technology to solve specific educational challenges, such as enhancing student engagement, monitoring stress and cognitive load, improving learning experiences, and providing real-time feedback for both students and educators. By exploring these aspects, this review sheds light on the potential implications of WBT on the future of learning. A rigorous and systematic search of major academic databases, including Google Scholar and Scopus, was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The articles selected were assessed for methodological quality and bias using established tools. The process of data extraction and synthesis followed a structured framework. Key findings include the shift from theoretical exploration to practical implementation, with EEG being the predominant measurement, aiming to explore mental states, physiological constructs, and teaching effectiveness. Wearable biosensors are significantly impacting the educational field, serving as an important resource for educators and a tool for students. Their application has the potential to transform and optimize academic practices through sensors that capture biometric data, enabling the implementation of metrics and models to understand the development and performance of students and professors in an academic environment, as well as to gain insights into the learning process.

Biometrías fetales y variables maternas como predictores de desviaciones de la condición trófica al nacer

Introducción: Durante el embarazo varios factores pueden interactuar sobre el organismo en formación. Parte de los cuidados prenatales se centran en detectar desviaciones del crecimiento fetal. Objetivo: Describir las variables biométricas fetales primarias y la asociación de las enfermedades maternas con la condición trófica del recién nacido. Método: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, observacional, analítico y retrospectivo, con una población de 5432 y una muestra de 4131 gestantes, seleccionada por muestreo no probabilístico, intencional, por criterios. Los datos fueron obtenidos del registro de consultas de genética desde enero de 2013 hasta octubre de 2018. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el test de Kruskal Wallis, la prueba post hoc de Dunn-Bonferroni, ji cuadrado y V de Cramer. Resultados: Prevaleció el incremento de las medianas de las variables biométricas, según la condición trófica y semana gestacional, predominó la significación estadística, al igual que las diferencias significativas en todos los contrastes dos a dos realizados. Las gestantes de peso adecuado preponderaron en cada condición al nacer, los recién nacidos pequeños se relacionaron con los trastornos hipertensivos durante el embarazo, la sepsis vaginal y la diabetes mellitus mientras que los recién nacidos grandes predominaron en madres con la glucemia alterada y anemia. Conclusiones: Las mediciones biométricas y las fórmulas de estimación del peso fetal pueden advertir las desviaciones del crecimiento fetal y la condición trófica al nacer. Las variables maternas se relacionaron con la condición trófica del recién nacido.

Introduction: During pregnancy several factors can interact on the developing organism. Part of prenatal care focuses on detecting deviations in fetal growth. Objective: Describe the primary fetal biometric variables and the association of maternal diseases with the trophic condition of the newborn. Method: A quantitative, observational, analytical and retrospective study was carried out, with a population of 5432 and a sample of 4131 pregnant women, selected by non-probabilistic, intentional sampling, by criteria. The data were obtained from the registry of genetic consultations from January 2013 to October 2018. For statistical analysis, the Kruskal Wallis test, the Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc test, chi-square and Cramer's V were used. Results: The increase in the medians of the biometric variables prevailed, according to the trophic condition and gestational week, the statistical significance predominated, as did the significant differences in all the two-to-two contrasts carried out. Pregnant women of adequate weight predominated in each condition at birth, small newborns were related to hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, vaginal sepsis and diabetes mellitus, while large newborns predominated in mothers with altered glycemia and anemia. Conclusions: Biometric measurements and fetal weight estimation formulas can warn of deviations in fetal growth and trophic condition at birth. Maternal variables were related to the trophic condition of the newborn.

Rescue and rehabilitation of maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) in Paraguay: Case description.

The maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus, is the largest South American canid, with a natural distribution that stretches across Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. The present study reports the case of a rescued specimen of maned wolf that underwent a rehabilitation process in Paraguay, starting in October 2020 with its rescue, and finalising in May 2021 with the reintroduction. Herein, we document findings regarding the general management, biometrics, feeding and environmental enrichment; chemical immobilisation and monitoring; haematology, blood biochemistry and specific serology-relevant pathogens; skin examination and bone marrow cytology; orthopaedic, ophthalmological and dental evaluation; abdominal and cardiac ultrasonography; radiology and copro-parasitology. Main findings include the feeding habits of the individual and enrichment opportunities. The animal weighed 7 kg on arrival, with an estimated age of 5 months, and 18 kg on reintroduction, with an estimated age of 1 year. The animal tested negative to serologic tests for Brucella canis, Dirofilaria, canine distemper, Toxoplasmosis and canine parvovirus. Leptospira testing showed antibodies against L. grippotyphosa on both samplings, L. wolffi and L. ictero on the first sampling, and L. pomona on the second sampling. Abdominal organs were examined and measured through ultrasound evaluation and kidneys showed no alterations. Echocardiography showed preserved mitral, tricuspid and aortic valve flows, but turbulent pulmonary valve flow. Copro-parasitology reported the presence of Lagochilascaris sp. and Balantidium sp. All the information gathered aided in diagnosing the health status of the individual, and the response to environmental enrichment helped assess the behaviour, which led to the suggestion of reintroducing the animal. These data constitute the first published health check of a maned wolf in Paraguay, which can contribute to the species' conservation in the country. The protocol presented in this study can serve as a basis for developing an action plan for the maned wolf in Paraguay.

Performance counter dataset for behavioural biometric purpose.

In the pursuit of advancing research in continuous user authentication, we introduce COUNT-OS-I and COUNT-OS-II, two distinct performance counter datasets from Windows operating systems, crafted to bolster research in continuous user authentication. Encompassing data from 63 computers and users, the datasets offer rich, real-world insights for developing and evaluating authentication models. COUNT-OS-I spans 26 users in an IT department, capturing 159 attributes across diverse hardware and software environments over 26 h on average per user. COUNT-OS-II, on the other hand, encompasses 37 users with identical system configurations, recording 218 attributes per sample over a 48-hour period. Both datasets utilize pseudonymization to safeguard user identities while maintaining data integrity and statistical accuracy. The well-balanced nature of the data, confirmed by comprehensive statistical analysis, positions these datasets as reliable benchmarks for the continuous user authentication domain. Through their release, we aim to empower the development of robust, real-world applicable authentication models, contributing to enhanced system security and user trust.

Análisis bibliométrico sobre estrategias para reducir el riesgo de Burnout entre enfermeras / Bibliometric Analysis about Strategies for Reducing the Risk of Burnout among Nurses

Introducción: El síndrome de Burnout gana atención de investigadores y profesionales, en particular en el área de la salud, por las consecuencias e implicaciones que puede generar en los profesionales afectados por la enfermedad, lo que puede comprometer la seguridad del paciente y la calidad del servicio ofrecido. Objetivo: Caracterizar la producción científica sobre estrategias e intervenciones para reducir el riesgo del síndrome de Burnout entre los profesionales de enfermería. Métodos: Análisis bibliométrico de las publicaciones hasta el 2021 en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science. Los análisis se desarrollaron con el apoyo del bibliometrix R-package. El estudio recuperó 70 publicaciones. Conclusiones: El análisis de los trabajos más citados reveló estrategias psicoeducativas, psicosociales y de yoga para el autocuidado. Entre los temas de tendencia de investigación, el más destacado fue el término Mindfulness, lo que muestra un aumento en las investigaciones que aplicaron esta intervención para reducir el Burnout. El número de estudios producidos es incipiente. Sin embargo, con la inclusión del Burnout en la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades, se espera un aumento de las publicaciones y del interés de las organizaciones en implementar estrategias para promover la salud y el bienestar entre los profesionales(AU)

Introduction: Burnout syndrome gains attention from researchers and professionals, particularly in the health area, due to the consequences and implications that it can lead to in professionals affected by the disease, which can compromise patient safety and the quality of offered care. Objective: To characterize the scientific production about strategies and interventions for reducing the risk of Burnout syndrome among nursing professionals. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was performed of publications until 2021 in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The analyzes were developed with the support of the bibliometrix R-package. The study recovered 70 publications. Conclusions: The analysis of the most cited works revealed psychoeducational, psychosocial and yoga strategies for self-care. Among the research trend topics, the most prominent was the term mindfulness, a fact showing an increase in research that applied this intervention to reduce burnout. The number of studies produced is incipient. However, with the inclusion of burnout within the International Classification of Diseases, an increase is expected in the number of publications, as well as in the interest of organizations in implementing strategies to promote health and well-being among professionals(AU)

Challenges and principled responses to privacy protection from biometric technology in China

Biometric technology has transformed human biological characteristics into a new form of privacy, and the misuse of this technology poses challenges to protecting this new privacy. This article initially defines biometric technology and biometric characteristics, further demonstrating why biometric characteristics belong to personal privacy and how biometric technology poses challenges to its protection. Through analysis, this article argues that the essence of these challenges is the conflicts between the ethical principle of privacy protection and the ethical principle of maximizing social benefits. In order to address these challenges, it is necessary first to weigh the fundamental ethical principles. The two basic principles of privacy protection and maximizing social benefits are not mutual antagonism but hierarchy, and this hierarchy should be based on the principle of practical feasibility. That is, applying biometric technology should first meet the principle of practical feasibility and, on this premise, realize the principle of maximizing social benefits based on not infringing on the principle of privacy protection.

La tecnología biométrica ha transformado las características biológicas humanas en una nueva forma de privacidad, y el uso indebido de esta tecnología plantea desafíos a su protección. En este artículo se define inicialmente la tecnología biométrica y las características biométricas; se demuestra además por qué las características biométricas pertenecen a la privacidad personal y cómo la tecnología biométrica plantea retos para su protección. Este artículo argumenta que la esencia de estos retos es el conflicto entre el principio ético de protección de la privacidad y el de maximización de los beneficios sociales. Para abordar estos retos es necesario sopesar primero los principios éticos fundamentales. Los dos principios básicos de protección de la privacidad y maximización de los beneficios sociales no son antagónicos, sino jerárquicos, y esta jerarquía debe basarse en el principio de viabilidad práctica. Es decir, la aplicación de la tecnología biométrica debe cumplir primero el principio de viabilidad práctica y, a partir de esta premisa, realizar el principio de maximización de los beneficios sociales sobre la base de no infringir el principio de protección de la intimidad.

A tecnologia biométrica transformou as características biológicas humanas em uma nova forma de privacidade, e o mal uso dessa tecnologia apresenta desafios para proteger essa nova privacidade. Esse artigo inicialmente define tecnologia biométrica e características biométricas, demonstrando posteriormente por que características biométricas pertencem à privacidade pessoal e como tecnologia biométrica coloca desafios à sua proteção. Através de análise, esse artigo discute que a essência desses desafios é o conflito entre o princípio ético da proteção da privacidade e o princípio ético de maximizar benefícios sociais. De forma a visar esses desafios é necessário primeiro ponderar os princípios éticos fundamentais. Os dois princípios básicos de proteção da privacidade e de maximizar benefícios sociais não são mutuamente antagônicos mas hierárquicos, e essa hierarquia deve ser baseada no princípio da viabilidade prática. Isso é, aplicar tecnologia biométrica deve primeiro atender ao princípio da viabilidade prática e, nessa premissa, compreender o princípio de maximizar benefícios sociais com base em não infringir o princípio de proteção da privacidade.

Dataset of human-written and synthesized samples of keystroke dynamics features for free-text inputs.

The data presented in this article comprises human-written samples of keystroke dynamic features for free-text inputs, in the form of sentences written in natural language, together with synthesized samples that share the same text sequences. The human-written samples originate in three publicly available datasets that have been previously used in several keystroke dynamics studies; the corresponding synthesized samples, which have been forged as detailed in the companion article, share the same keystroke sequences as the human-written ones to facilitate comparison. The human-written samples were collected, and the synthesized samples created, with the objective of training and evaluating a liveness detection model. For each human-written sample of each source dataset and each method, 25 synthetic samples were included in the dataset here presented; these were forged using five different methods, a between-subject profile (only samples from users other than the target were available to the attacker) or with varying partial knowledge of the legitimate users' keystroke dynamics that ranged from only 100 keystrokes to all the available information. This dataset can be used by researchers to evaluate the performance of liveness detection methods for keystroke dynamics against a variety of state-of-the-art methods of sample synthesis.

Biometría fetal en la confirmación de restricciones del crecimiento intrauterino / Fetal Biometrics in Confirming Restrictions of Intrauterine Growth

Introducción: El crecimiento y el desarrollo son fenómenos biológicos que implican aumento de masa celular y diferenciación de forma o función, respectivamente. En beneficio del diagnóstico, se utilizan las bondades del ultrasonido en la evolución biométrica del crecimiento fetal. Objetivo: Determinar mensuraciones biométricas fetales más asociadas a la restricción del crecimiento fetal en infantes que sufrieron restricción del crecimiento intrauterino. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal descriptivo y retrospectivo de gestantes captadas en dos áreas de salud del municipio Santa Clara, que terminaron su embarazo entre septiembre del 2013 y octubre del 2018 y cuyos recién nacidos experimentaron restricción del crecimiento. La muestra se clasificó al nacimiento en pequeños y adecuados, según condición trófica y en cada grupo se estudió relación con valores percentilares de variables biométricas en los dos últimos trimestres. Resultados: Predominaron en todas las biometrías y en los dos trimestres los valores por debajo del décimo percentil. En la totalidad de los infantes y durante todo el período fetal, la circunferencia abdominal estuvo por debajo del percentil 10. En las variables largo del fémur y circunferencia cefálica los percentiles más altos se encontraron en el tercer trimestre y desde el segundo en la variable diámetro biparietal, posiblemente relacionado con restricciones asimétricas del crecimiento. Conclusiones: La variable biométrica circunferencia abdominal desde el segundo trimestre es fiable en la detección de restricciones del crecimiento intrauterino y su existencia por debajo del décimo percentil debe servir como certeza de su existencia, aun cuando la condición trófica del recién nacido parezca revelar otra realidad(AU)

Introduction: Growth and development are biological phenomenons involving cell mass increase and differentiation of form or function, respectively. For diagnostic purposes, the benefits of ultrasound are used for the biometric evolution of fetal growth. Objective: To determine fetal biometric measurements mostly associated with fetal growth restriction in infants who suffered intrauterine growth restriction. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective longitudinal study was carried out with pregnant women from two health areas of Santa Clara Municipality, who finished their pregnancy between September 2013 and October 2018 and whose newborns experienced growth restriction. The sample was classified at birth into small and adequate, according to trophic condition; and, in each group, the relationship with percentile values of biometric variables in the last two trimesters was studied. Results: Values below the tenth percentile predominated in all biometrics and in the two trimesters. In all infants and during the whole fetal period, abdominal circumference was below the tenth percentile. In the variables femur length and cephalic circumference, the highest percentiles were found in the third trimester; while, from the second trimester on, the same occurred in the variable biparietal diameter, possibly related to asymmetric growth restrictions. Conclusions: The biometric variable abdominal circumference is, from the second trimester on, reliable in the detection of intrauterine growth restrictions; its existence below the tenth percentile should serve as certainty of its existence, even when the trophic condition of the newborn seems to reveal another reality(AU)

Anatomical and histological traits of Brycon amazonicus liver cultivated in a semi-intensive system

Abstract The work aimed to evaluate the weight-length relationship and the condition factor, characterizing the biometry, anatomy, histology and volumetric density of the liver of Brycon amazonicus, in different stages of body growth. The experiment used twenty specimens in four stages of body growth (PI, PII, PIII and PIV) harvested every 90 days, containing five specimens, each group. The livers were dissected, weighed (g) and processed routinely using the hematoxylin and eosin technique. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, Pearsons correlation test and linear regression. The equation that represented the weight-length relation was W = 0.05902 x L2.63, with negative allometric growth, but with a relative condition factor equal to 1.0. The liver was divided into three lobes with the gallbladder close to the right lobe and its color varied from light red to dark red, not varying in relation to other fish species. The hepatosomatic relationship followed body growth until the PII group stage and then declined, demonstrating the behavior of its development in Brycon amazonicus. The organ consists predominantly of hepatocytes, followed by sinusoidal vessels and capillaries, with histological morphology similar to that of many species of fish. Melanomacrophage centers were found only in the most developed animals, but in small quantities, prompting the development of new research on this cell, in this species. In this way, research of this nature allows the characterization of fish species, helping to improve breeding methods, understanding pathological processes caused by diseases, and obtaining better productive capacity, serving an increasingly demanding and prosperous market.

Resumo O trabalho objetivou avaliar a relação peso-comprimento e o fator de condição, caracterizando a biometria, anatomia, histologia e densidade volumétrica do fígado de Brycon amazonicus, em diferentes estágios de crescimento corporal. O experimento utilizou vinte espécimes em quatro fases de crescimento corporal (PI, PII, PIII e PIV) colhidos a cada 90 dias, contendo cinco espécimes, cada grupo. Os fígados foram dissecados, pesados (g) e processados rotineiramente pela técnica da hematoxilina e eosina. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, teste de correlação de Pearson e regressão linear. A equação que representou a relação peso-comprimento foi W = 0,05902 x L2,63, com crescimento alométrico negativo, mas com fator de condição relativo igual a 1,0. O fígado apresentou-se dividido em três lobos com a vesícula biliar próxima ao lobo direito e sua cor variou de vermelho claro a vermelho escuro, não variando em relação a outras espécies de peixes. A relação hepatossomática acompanhou o crescimento corporal até a fase do grupo PII e então declinou, demonstrando o comportamento de seu desenvolvimento em Brycon amazonicus. O órgão constitui-se predominantemente por hepatócitos, seguido de vasos e capilares sinusoidais, com a morfologia histológica semelhante ao de muitas espécies de peixes. Centros melanomacrófagos foram encontrados apenas nos animais mais desenvolvidos, mas em pequena quantidade, instigando o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas sobre esta célula, nesta espécie. Desta forma, pesquisas desta natureza permitem a caracterização de espécies de peixes, auxiliando no aperfeiçoamento de métodos de criação, compreensão de processos patológicos provocados por enfermidades, e obtenção de melhor capacidade produtiva, atendendo um mercado cada vez mais exigente e próspero.

Revision of some mensural measurements, food preference, and haematological parameters in breeding pairs of blue rock pigeon, Columba livia sampled from punjab Pakistan

Abstract The present study describes the haematological profile, feeding preference, and comparison of morphometric characters of blue rock pigeon (Columba livia) breeding pairs. For this purpose, 25 pairs (25 samples per sex) were sampled through Mist nets from district Okara and Bahawalnagar, Punjab, Pakistan. Birds were then anaesthetized with a combination of ketamine HCL (10 mg/kg) and diazepam (0.2 mg/kg) and subjected to morphometric measurements. 5µL blood also was taken from the jugular vein of each anaesthetized bird for haematological analysis. Few pairs were also dissected to remove gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) for food preferences. Results revealed that there are no significant differences in the haematological parameters and feeding preference of breeding pairs of Columba livia. The gut analysis further revealed, the major portion of gut contents consisted of pea and corn in most of the pairs. Regarding the mensural measurements, significant differences were recorded in the body weight, length of the longest primary feather, and chest circumference, whereas the rest of the studied parameters remain nonsignificant between sexes. So, it is concluded that apart from 3 morphometric parameters (body weight, length of longest primary feather and chest circumference), both sexes are alike in term of morphometry, haematology and food preference.

Resumo O presente estudo descreve o perfil hematológico, a preferência alimentar e a comparação de caracteres morfométricos de casais reprodutores de pombo-rocha (Columba livia). Para tanto, 25 pares (25 amostras por sexo) foram amostrados por meio de redes de névoa do distrito de Okara e Bahawalnagar, Punjab, Paquistão. As aves foram então anestesiadas com uma combinação de cetamina HCL (10 mg/kg) e diazepam (0,2 mg/kg) e submetidas a medidas morfométricas; 5 µL de sangue também foram retirados da veia jugular de cada ave anestesiada para análise hematológica. Poucos pares também foram dissecados para remover o trato gastrointestinal (GITs) para preferências alimentares. Os resultados revelaram que não há diferenças significativas nos parâmetros hematológicos e na preferência alimentar dos casais reprodutores de Columba livia. A análise intestinal revelou ainda que a maior parte do conteúdo intestinal consistia em ervilha e milho na maioria dos pares. Em relação às medidas mensurais, foram registradas diferenças significativas no peso corporal, comprimento da pena primária mais longa e circunferência torácica, enquanto os demais parâmetros estudados permanecem não significativos entre os sexos. Assim, conclui-se que além de três parâmetros morfométricos (peso corporal, comprimento da pena primária mais longa e circunferência torácica), ambos os sexos são semelhantes em termos de morfometria, hematologia e preferência alimentar.

Caracterização da colônia de ratos Goto-Kakizaki (GK) do Instituto Butantan: avaliação biométrica e glicêmica

Experimental models for diabetes mellitus (DM) are relevant instruments for understanding the disease, being fundamental in the exploration, characterization of its pathophysiology and evaluation of new therapeutic agents. The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat is an important experimental model to investigate complications related to type 2 DM without obesity and its physiological consequences. He presents with moderate hyperglycemia, impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, increased plasma triglycerides, hepatic glucotoxicity, and chronic inflammation. Objective: To characterize biometric, clinical and metabolic aspects of the colony of GK rats reared in the Central Animal Facility of the Butantan Institute, during the first 3 months of the animals' lives. Methods: 24 GK rats and 24 Wistar rats, 12 males and 12 females of each strain, aged 28 days, were used. During the experimental period, the animals were weighed and measured weekly, as well as the consumption of water and food. Every two weeks, up to 84 days of age, a blood glucose test was performed. Conclusion: Goto-Kakizaki rats have lower body weight and size than Wistar rats, both male and female. The Wistar had a lower water and food intake per live weight than the GK, as well as glycemic values, but had higher BMI values, which confirms the characteristic of GK rats from non-obese diabetic animals, however the tissue should not be disregarded visceral adipose. It is important to characterize the animals carried out and published internally by each vivarium.

Os modelos experimentais para diabetes mellitus (DM) são instrumentos relevantes para a compreensão da doença, sendo fundamentais na exploração, caracterização de sua fisiopatologia e avaliação de novos agentes terapêuticos. O rato Goto-Kakizaki (GK) é um importante modelo experimental para investigar complicações relacionadas ao DM tipo 2 sem obesidade e suas consequências fisiológicas. Ele apresenta hiperglicemia moderada, secreção de insulina induzida por glicose prejudicada, intolerância à glicose, resistência insulínica, aumento dos triglicerídeos plasmáticos, glicotoxicidade hepática e inflamação crônica. Objetivo: Caracterizar aspectos biométricos, clínicos e metabólicos da colônia de ratos GK criados no Biotério Central do Instituto Butantan, ao longo dos 3 primeiros meses de vida dos animais. Métodos: Foram utilizados 24 ratos GK e 24 ratos Wistar, sendo 12 machos e 12 fêmeas de cada linhagem, com 28 dias de idade. Durante o período experimental, os animais foram pesados e mensurados semanalmente, bem como o consumo de água e alimento. Quinzenalmente, até os 84 dias idade, foi feito exame de glicemia. Conclusão: os ratos Goto-Kakizaki possuem peso e tamanho corporal inferior ao dos ratos Wistar, tanto machos quanto fêmeas. Os Wistar tiveram um consumo hídrico e alimentar por peso vivo inferior ao dos GK, assim como valores glicêmicos, porém tiveram valores de IMC superiores, o que confirma a característica dos ratos GK de animais diabéticos não obesos, no entanto não deve ser desconsiderado o tecido adiposo visceral. Importante a caracterização dos animais realizada e publicada internamente por cada biotério.

Revision of some mensural measurements, food preference, and haematological parameters in breeding pairs of blue rock pigeon, Columba livia sampled from punjab Pakistan / Revisão de algumas medidas mensurais, preferência alimentar e parâmetros hematológicos em pares de criação de pombo blue rock (Columba livia), amostragem de punjab, Paquistão

Abstract The present study describes the haematological profile, feeding preference, and comparison of morphometric characters of blue rock pigeon (Columba livia) breeding pairs. For this purpose, 25 pairs (25 samples per sex) were sampled through Mist nets from district Okara and Bahawalnagar, Punjab, Pakistan. Birds were then anaesthetized with a combination of ketamine HCL (10 mg/kg) and diazepam (0.2 mg/kg) and subjected to morphometric measurements. 5µL blood also was taken from the jugular vein of each anaesthetized bird for haematological analysis. Few pairs were also dissected to remove gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) for food preferences. Results revealed that there are no significant differences in the haematological parameters and feeding preference of breeding pairs of Columba livia. The gut analysis further revealed, the major portion of gut contents consisted of pea and corn in most of the pairs. Regarding the mensural measurements, significant differences were recorded in the body weight, length of the longest primary feather, and chest circumference, whereas the rest of the studied parameters remain nonsignificant between sexes. So, it is concluded that apart from 3 morphometric parameters (body weight, length of longest primary feather and chest circumference), both sexes are alike in term of morphometry, haematology and food preference.

Resumo O presente estudo descreve o perfil hematológico, a preferência alimentar e a comparação de caracteres morfométricos de casais reprodutores de pombo-rocha (Columba livia). Para tanto, 25 pares (25 amostras por sexo) foram amostrados por meio de redes de névoa do distrito de Okara e Bahawalnagar, Punjab, Paquistão. As aves foram então anestesiadas com uma combinação de cetamina HCL (10 mg/kg) e diazepam (0,2 mg/kg) e submetidas a medidas morfométricas; 5 µL de sangue também foram retirados da veia jugular de cada ave anestesiada para análise hematológica. Poucos pares também foram dissecados para remover o trato gastrointestinal (GITs) para preferências alimentares. Os resultados revelaram que não há diferenças significativas nos parâmetros hematológicos e na preferência alimentar dos casais reprodutores de Columba livia. A análise intestinal revelou ainda que a maior parte do conteúdo intestinal consistia em ervilha e milho na maioria dos pares. Em relação às medidas mensurais, foram registradas diferenças significativas no peso corporal, comprimento da pena primária mais longa e circunferência torácica, enquanto os demais parâmetros estudados permanecem não significativos entre os sexos. Assim, conclui-se que além de três parâmetros morfométricos (peso corporal, comprimento da pena primária mais longa e circunferência torácica), ambos os sexos são semelhantes em termos de morfometria, hematologia e preferência alimentar.

Anatomical and histological traits of Brycon amazonicus liver cultivated in a semi-intensive system / Características anatômicas e histológicas do fígado de Brycon amazonicus cultivado em sistema semi-intensivo

Abstract The work aimed to evaluate the weight-length relationship and the condition factor, characterizing the biometry, anatomy, histology and volumetric density of the liver of Brycon amazonicus, in different stages of body growth. The experiment used twenty specimens in four stages of body growth (PI, PII, PIII and PIV) harvested every 90 days, containing five specimens, each group. The livers were dissected, weighed (g) and processed routinely using the hematoxylin and eosin technique. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation test and linear regression. The equation that represented the weight-length relation was W = 0.05902 x L2.63, with negative allometric growth, but with a relative condition factor equal to 1.0. The liver was divided into three lobes with the gallbladder close to the right lobe and its color varied from light red to dark red, not varying in relation to other fish species. The hepatosomatic relationship followed body growth until the PII group stage and then declined, demonstrating the behavior of its development in Brycon amazonicus. The organ consists predominantly of hepatocytes, followed by sinusoidal vessels and capillaries, with histological morphology similar to that of many species of fish. Melanomacrophage centers were found only in the most developed animals, but in small quantities, prompting the development of new research on this cell, in this species. In this way, research of this nature allows the characterization of fish species, helping to improve breeding methods, understanding pathological processes caused by diseases, and obtaining better productive capacity, serving an increasingly demanding and prosperous market.

Resumo O trabalho objetivou avaliar a relação peso-comprimento e o fator de condição, caracterizando a biometria, anatomia, histologia e densidade volumétrica do fígado de Brycon amazonicus, em diferentes estágios de crescimento corporal. O experimento utilizou vinte espécimes em quatro fases de crescimento corporal (PI, PII, PIII e PIV) colhidos a cada 90 dias, contendo cinco espécimes, cada grupo. Os fígados foram dissecados, pesados (g) e processados rotineiramente pela técnica da hematoxilina e eosina. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, teste de correlação de Pearson e regressão linear. A equação que representou a relação peso-comprimento foi W = 0,05902 x L2,63, com crescimento alométrico negativo, mas com fator de condição relativo igual a 1,0. O fígado apresentou-se dividido em três lobos com a vesícula biliar próxima ao lobo direito e sua cor variou de vermelho claro a vermelho escuro, não variando em relação a outras espécies de peixes. A relação hepatossomática acompanhou o crescimento corporal até a fase do grupo PII e então declinou, demonstrando o comportamento de seu desenvolvimento em Brycon amazonicus. O órgão constitui-se predominantemente por hepatócitos, seguido de vasos e capilares sinusoidais, com a morfologia histológica semelhante ao de muitas espécies de peixes. Centros melanomacrófagos foram encontrados apenas nos animais mais desenvolvidos, mas em pequena quantidade, instigando o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas sobre esta célula, nesta espécie. Desta forma, pesquisas desta natureza permitem a caracterização de espécies de peixes, auxiliando no aperfeiçoamento de métodos de criação, compreensão de processos patológicos provocados por enfermidades, e obtenção de melhor capacidade produtiva, atendendo um mercado cada vez mais exigente e próspero.

Anatomical and histological traits of Brycon amazonicus liver cultivated in a semi-intensive system / Características anatômicas e histológicas do fígado de Brycon amazonicus cultivado em sistema semi-intensivo

The work aimed to evaluate the weight-length relationship and the condition factor, characterizing the biometry, anatomy, histology and volumetric density of the liver of Brycon amazonicus, in different stages of body growth. The experiment used twenty specimens in four stages of body growth (PI, PII, PIII and PIV) harvested every 90 days, containing five specimens, each group. The livers were dissected, weighed (g) and processed routinely using the hematoxylin and eosin technique. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation test and linear regression. The equation that represented the weight-length relation was W = 0.05902 x L2.63, with negative allometric growth, but with a relative condition factor equal to 1.0. The liver was divided into three lobes with the gallbladder close to the right lobe and its color varied from light red to dark red, not varying in relation to other fish species. The hepatosomatic relationship followed body growth until the PII group stage and then declined, demonstrating the behavior of its development in Brycon amazonicus. The organ consists predominantly of hepatocytes, followed by sinusoidal vessels and capillaries, with histological morphology similar to that of many species of fish. Melanomacrophage centers were found only in the most developed animals, but in small quantities, prompting the development of new research on this cell, in this species. In this way, research of this nature allows the characterization of fish species, helping to improve breeding methods, understanding pathological processes caused by diseases, and obtaining better productive capacity, serving an increasingly demanding and prosperous market.

O trabalho objetivou avaliar a relação peso-comprimento e o fator de condição, caracterizando a biometria, anatomia, histologia e densidade volumétrica do fígado de Brycon amazonicus, em diferentes estágios de crescimento corporal. O experimento utilizou vinte espécimes em quatro fases de crescimento corporal (PI, PII, PIII e PIV) colhidos a cada 90 dias, contendo cinco espécimes, cada grupo. Os fígados foram dissecados, pesados (g) e processados rotineiramente pela técnica da hematoxilina e eosina. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, teste de correlação de Pearson e regressão linear. A equação que representou a relação peso-comprimento foi W = 0,05902 x L2,63, com crescimento alométrico negativo, mas com fator de condição relativo igual a 1,0. O fígado apresentou-se dividido em três lobos com a vesícula biliar próxima ao lobo direito e sua cor variou de vermelho claro a vermelho escuro, não variando em relação a outras espécies de peixes. A relação hepatossomática acompanhou o crescimento corporal até a fase do grupo PII e então declinou, demonstrando o comportamento de seu desenvolvimento em Brycon amazonicus. O órgão constitui-se predominantemente por hepatócitos, seguido de vasos e capilares sinusoidais, com a morfologia histológica semelhante ao de muitas espécies de peixes. Centros melanomacrófagos foram encontrados apenas nos animais mais desenvolvidos, mas em pequena quantidade, instigando o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas sobre esta célula, nesta espécie. Desta forma, pesquisas desta natureza permitem a caracterização de espécies de peixes, auxiliando no aperfeiçoamento de métodos de criação, compreensão de processos patológicos provocados por enfermidades, e obtenção de melhor capacidade produtiva, atendendo um mercado cada vez mais exigente e próspero.

Revision of some mensural measurements, food preference, and haematological parameters in breeding pairs of blue rock pigeon, Columba livia sampled from Punjab Pakistan / Revisão de algumas medidas mensurais, preferência alimentar e parâmetros hematológicos em pares de criação de pombo blue rock (Columba livia), amostragem de Punjab, Paquistão

The present study describes the haematological profile, feeding preference, and comparison of morphometric characters of blue rock pigeon (Columba livia) breeding pairs. For this purpose, 25 pairs (25 samples per sex) were sampled through Mist nets from district Okara and Bahawalnagar, Punjab, Pakistan. Birds were then anaesthetized with a combination of ketamine HCL (10 mg/kg) and diazepam (0.2 mg/kg) and subjected to morphometric measurements. 5µL blood also was taken from the jugular vein of each anaesthetized bird for haematological analysis. Few pairs were also dissected to remove gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) for food preferences. Results revealed that there are no significant differences in the haematological parameters and feeding preference of breeding pairs of Columba livia. The gut analysis further revealed, the major portion of gut contents consisted of pea and corn in most of the pairs. Regarding the mensural measurements, significant differences were recorded in the body weight, length of the longest primary feather, and chest circumference, whereas the rest of the studied parameters remain nonsignificant between sexes. So, it is concluded that apart from 3 morphometric parameters (body weight, length of longest primary feather and chest circumference), both sexes are alike in term of morphometry, haematology and food preference.

O presente estudo descreve o perfil hematológico, a preferência alimentar e a comparação de caracteres morfométricos de casais reprodutores de pombo-rocha (Columba livia). Para tanto, 25 pares (25 amostras por sexo) foram amostrados por meio de redes de névoa do distrito de Okara e Bahawalnagar, Punjab, Paquistão. As aves foram então anestesiadas com uma combinação de cetamina HCL (10 mg/kg) e diazepam (0,2 mg/kg) e submetidas a medidas morfométricas; 5 µL de sangue também foram retirados da veia jugular de cada ave anestesiada para análise hematológica. Poucos pares também foram dissecados para remover o trato gastrointestinal (GITs) para preferências alimentares. Os resultados revelaram que não há diferenças significativas nos parâmetros hematológicos e na preferência alimentar dos casais reprodutores de Columba livia. A análise intestinal revelou ainda que a maior parte do conteúdo intestinal consistia em ervilha e milho na maioria dos pares. Em relação às medidas mensurais, foram registradas diferenças significativas no peso corporal, comprimento da pena primária mais longa e circunferência torácica, enquanto os demais parâmetros estudados permanecem não significativos entre os sexos. Assim, conclui-se que além de três parâmetros morfométricos (peso corporal, comprimento da pena primária mais longa e circunferência torácica), ambos os sexos são semelhantes em termos de morfometria, hematologia e preferência alimentar.