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1.
Rev. adm. pública (Online) ; 58(4): e2023, 2024. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1575893

ABSTRACT

Resumo A discricionariedade dos agentes públicos vem ganhando importância como objeto de estudo por ser questão relevante na gestão e implementação de políticas públicas. Servidores públicos enfrentam decisões discricionárias de formas variadas, indo desde a construção de modos criativos para gerar bons impactos sociais até, no limite extremo, à inação, por medo de posterior responsabilização por conduta considerada indevida. Este estudo buscou compreender a experiência da discricionariedade para os servidores de carreiras de gestão e os dilemas existentes nessa atuação. Para tanto, procedeu-se a pesquisa qualitativa com especialistas em políticas públicas do estado de São Paulo e gestores governamentais do estado de Pernambuco. A pesquisa de campo englobou coleta por meio de 5 grupos focais. Na sequência, os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica da análise de conteúdo. Identificou-se que o principal dilema enfrentado pelos burocratas se encontra entre decidir dentro de sua competência e no melhor de seu conhecimento ou a inação, por medo de responsabilização, caso a decisão seja julgada como ilegal ou de má-fé. Por consequência, tem-se o chamado "apagão das canetas". Há um constante trade-off entre a discricionariedade e a responsabilização, havendo meios pelos quais os servidores se valem para atenuar os riscos de sofrer sanções.


Resumen La discrecionalidad de los agentes públicos ha ido cobrando importancia como objeto de estudio por ser un tema relevante en la gestión e implementación de políticas públicas. Los servidores públicos enfrentan decisiones discrecionales de diversas formas, que van desde la construcción de formas creativas para generar buenos impactos sociales hasta, en el límite extremo, la inacción, por temor a la responsabilización posterior por su conducta considerada impropia. Este estudio buscó comprender la experiencia de la discrecionalidad en los servidores públicos de carreras gerenciales y los dilemas existentes en ese desempeño. Para ello, se realizó una investigación cualitativa con especialistas en políticas públicas del estado de São Paulo y gestores gubernamentales del estado de Pernambuco. La investigación de campo incluyó la recolección a través de 5 grupos focales A continuación, los datos se analizaron mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido. Se identificó que el principal dilema que enfrentan los burócratas es entre decidir dentro de su competencia y a su leal saber y entender o la inacción, por temor a la responsabilización, si la decisión es juzgada como ilegal o de mala fe. En consecuencia, existe el llamado "apagón de bolígrafos". Existe un constante trade-off entre la discrecionalidad y la responsabilización, y existen medios a los cuales los funcionarios recurren para mitigar los riesgos de ser sancionados.


Abstract The discretion of public agents has been gaining importance as an object of study because it is a relevant issue in the management and implementation of policies. Public servants face discretionary decisions in various ways, ranging from the construction of creative ways to generate good social impacts to, at the extreme limit, inaction for fear of subsequent blame for conduct considered improper. This study sought to understand how the experience of discretionary public servants in management careers takes place and their dilemmas. Qualitative research was carried out with specialists in public policies from the state of São Paulo and government managers from the state of Pernambuco. Field research included data collection through 5 focus groups and content analysis. The results show that the main dilemma faced by bureaucrats refers to decision-making based on their competence and current knowledge or inaction for fear of punishment if the decision is judged as illegal or in bad faith. Consequently, there is the so-called "apagão das canetas," i.e., a decision paralysis. There is a constant trade-off between discretion and blame, and public servants develop strategies to mitigate the risks of being sanctioned.

2.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36767033

ABSTRACT

Rape myths are beliefs, stereotypes, and attitudes usually false, widespread, and persistent about rape, victims, and perpetrators. They aim to deny and justify men's sexual assault against women. This study evaluates the mediating effect of modern rape myths on the relationship between gender system justification and attribution of blame to both victim and perpetrator in a fictional case of sexual violence. A total of 375 individuals residing in Chile, 255 women and 120 men, 19-81 years (M = 37.6 SD = 13.06) participated in the study. Results from a Structural Equation Model show that gender system justification is directly related to the attribution of blame to the victim, showing an indirect relationship throughout the modern rape myth. However, gender system justification and attribution of blame to the aggressor are indirectly related, being mediated by modern rape myths. The study of the relationship between the acceptance of modern rape myths, gender-specific system justification, and victim and aggressor blame for rape is a contribution to understanding beliefs justifying sexual violence against women.


Subject(s)
Crime Victims , Rape , Sex Offenses , Male , Humans , Female , Social Perception , Attitude
3.
Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol ; 67(1): 66-88, 2023 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35670195

ABSTRACT

This paper examines whether religion contributes to offenders taking responsibility for crimes. Specifically, we assessed whether participation in The Prisoner's Journey (TPJ), a bible study program, increased or decreased responsibility-taking. We also examined whether religious offenders that did not participate in TPJ were likely to take responsibility for their offenses. For this study, we conducted a quasi-experiment in two Colombian and five South African prisons from 2018 to 2019, collecting data from personal interviews with a total of 73 inmates-42 TPJ participants and 31 non-participants-before and after the program. Offenders frequently offered subtle accounts of responsibility that incorporated their own agency with other factors. Highly religious offenders were equally likely to take responsibility, and in some cases participation in TPJ heightened responsibility. In sum, this paper presents evidence that religious beliefs and practice are commensurate with responsibility-taking and desistance from crime.


Subject(s)
Criminals , Prisoners , Humans , Prisons , Colombia , South Africa , Religion
4.
rev. psicogente ; 25(48): 204-230, jul.-dic. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1424783

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Un creciente número de estudios han demostrado vínculos consistentes entre la teoría de la desvinculación moral de Bandura y los comportamientos disruptivos e inhumanos. Recientemente se han explorado las relaciones directas e indirectas de la desvinculación moral con el acoso escolar, el ciberacoso y otros comportamientos agresivos en niños(as) y adolescentes, lo cual amerita una revisión de los principales hallazgos. Objetivo: Revisar la literatura y evidencia empírica sobre el efecto de la desvinculación moral en la participación de niños(as) y adolescentes en el acoso escolar, el ciberacoso y otros comportamientos agresivos. Método: Se trató de un estudio de revisión documental. La búsqueda bibliográfica se efectuó en la Web of Science. Se incluyeron 45 estudios empíricos para el análisis. Resultados: Se encontró que la desvinculación moral y sus diferentes estrategias sociocognitivas tienen efectos directos e indirectos que predicen la participación de niños(as) y adolescente en el acoso escolar, el ciberacoso, comportamientos agresivos y antisociales. Adicionalmente, la empatía, las relaciones de amistad, la crianza, las tendencias prosociales, la ira y los rasgos insensibles-no emocionales son factores que, en conjunto, contribuyen al desarrollo, mantenimiento o disminución de conductas de acoso y ciberacoso. También se reportó que los hombres presentan una mayor tendencia que las mujeres al acoso escolar, el ciberacoso, la agresión y uso de la desvinculación moral. Conclusiones: Se señala la importancia de los procesos de cognición moral para el desarrollo de estrategias de intervención psicoeducativa y psicosocial destinadas a prevenir y reducir el acoso y ciberacoso en niños(as) y adolescentes.


Abstract Introduction: A growing number of studies have demonstrated consistent links between Bandura's moral disengagement theory and disruptive and inhumane behaviors. The direct and indirect relation- ships of moral disengagement with bullying, cyberbullying, and other aggressive behaviors in children and adolescents have recently been explored, ensuring a review of key findings. Objective: To review the literature and empirical evidence on the effect of moral disengagement on children's and adolescents' engagement in bullying, cyberbullying, and other aggressive behaviors. Method: This was a documentary review study. The literature search was carried out in the Web of Science. Forty-five empirical studies were included for analysis. Results: Were found that moral disengagement and its different socio-cognitive strategies have direct and indirect effects that predict child and adolescent involvement in bullying, cyberbullying, aggressive and antisocial behaviors. Additionally, empathy, friendship relationships, parenting, prosocial tendencies, anger and callous-unemotional traits are factors that together contribute to the development, maintenance or decrease of bullying and cyberbullying behaviors. It was also reported that males present a greater tendency than females to bullying, cyberbullying, aggression, and use of moral disengagement. Conclusions: The importance of moral cognition processes for the development of psychoeducational and psychosocial intervention strategies aimed at preventing and reducing bullying and cyberbullying in children and adolescents is pointed out.

5.
Child Abuse Negl ; 117: 105034, 2021 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33819824

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: With the increase in internet use, new forms of child victimization like Online Sexual Abuse (OSA) have emerged. Children and adolescents rarely disclose these incidents and most disclosure happens around peers. OBJECTIVE: This research addresses the perspective of adolescents (not victims of OSA), potential recipients of the disclosure, within the context of disclosure of OSA committed by either adult or peer perpetrators. METHODS: The study was performed in two stages. We interviewed adolescents in Scotland and then conducted focus groups with adolescents from Chile. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: 51 adolescents (6 from Scotland and 45 from Chile) aged 15-20 years participated. RESULTS: Despite differences in age and cultural contexts, there were similarities in responses. Obstacles of disclosure included lack of clarity of OSA, prior levels of personal vulnerability, and gender factors (stereotypes and stigmatization). On the other hand, the disclosure process would be easier for adolescents with more personal resources (e.g. self-confidence) and when they have a supportive social environment, which includes parents, but especially peers. CONCLUSION: Disclosure of OSA is considered similar to the disclosure of offline sexual abuse. However, differences such as a lack of clarity regarding the boundaries of the relationships on the Internet, and presence of a generational gap between adolescents and their parents or tutors in the use of internet makes early disclosure of OSA highly challenging. Plans to facilitate disclosure should consider different components: behavioral (risky behaviors), emotional (feelings of fear and shame) and cognitive (lack of information, self-blame, stigma). This should be focused on adolescents, potential recipients of disclosure (parents, authorities and peers) and society, where the prejudices and practices that prevent disclosure begin.


Subject(s)
Child Abuse, Sexual , Crime Victims , Adolescent , Child , Chile , Disclosure , Humans , Self Disclosure
6.
Rev. adm. pública (Online) ; 54(5): 1188-1206, set.-out. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1137011

ABSTRACT

Resumo A temática irresponsabilidade social empresarial (IrSE) ganhou destaque na literatura mundial. No Brasil, o desastre causado pela Samarco Mineração S.A. em 2015 foi alvo de repercussão, constituindo uma oportunidade para estudar a IrSE. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar se a identificação social com a empresa, que surge em função dos benefícios econômicos, reduz a intenção punitiva e a atribuição de culpa. O instrumento de pesquisa contém escalas com indicadores psicométricos aplicados a 1.616 indivíduos. Constatou-se que os benefícios para a economia local reduziram a intenção punitiva nas cidades de Anchieta-ES, Guarapari-ES e Mariana-MG. O que não ocorreu nas cidades de Colatina-ES e Linhares-ES, que não recebem benefícios econômicos, mas foram afetadas pelo desastre. Identificou-se, ainda, que a severidade do evento aumentou a atribuição de culpa e a intenção punitiva aumentou a intenção de comentários negativos. Como principal conclusão, onde a empresa gerou benefícios, as pessoas estavam menos propensas a puni-la.


Resumen La temática irresponsabilidad social empresarial (IrSE) ganó prominencia en la literatura mundial. En Brasil, el desastre causado por Samarco Mineração S.A. en 2015 fue objeto de repercusión, constituyendo una oportunidad para estudiar la IrSE. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar si la identificación social con la empresa, que surge en función de los beneficios económicos, reduce la intención punitiva y la atribución de culpa. El instrumento de investigación contiene escalas con indicadores psicométricos aplicados a 1.616 individuos. Se constató que los beneficios para la economía local redujeron la intención punitiva en las ciudades de Anchieta, ES; Guarapari, ES y Mariana, MG. Lo que no ocurrió en las ciudades de Colatina, ES y Linhares-ES, que no reciben beneficios económicos y fueron afectadas por el desastre. Se identificó además que la severidad del acontecimiento aumentó la atribución de culpa y la intención punitiva aumentó la intención de comentarios negativos. Como conclusión, donde la empresa generó beneficios, la gente estaba menos propensa a castigarla.


Abstract The issue of corporate social irresponsibility (CSIR) has gained prominence in world literature. This study analyzes the 2015 environmental disaster caused by Samarco Mineração S.A. in Mariana (MG), Brazil, as an example of CSIR. The objective was to understand whether the population's social identification with the company, which is translated into the economic benefits, reduced punitive intention, and blame attribution. The research instrument uses scales with psychometric indicators applied to 1,616 individuals. It was verified that the benefits to the local economy reduced the punitive intention in the municipalities of Anchieta and Guarapari (ES), and Mariana (MG). This was not the case for Colatina and Linhares (ES). Also, it was observed that the disaster's severity increased blame attribution, and the punitive intention increased the intention to engage in negative word-of-mouth (WOM) about the company. As the main conclusion, people were less likely to punish the company in the municipalities where it generated economic benefits.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Social Responsibility , Disaster Planning , Disaster Evaluation , Sanction , Damage Liability , Environment
7.
Rev. colomb. psicol ; 29(1): 125-141, ene.-jun. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1115630

ABSTRACT

Resumen El estudio de la cognición moral pareciera estar marcado por dos tradiciones: una centrada en el estudio del procesamiento de información referente a la causalidad y la intencionalidad, y otra que, con origen en posturas sociocognitivas, privilegia la agencia moral y regulación conductual más allá del procesamiento. Así, pareciera existir una brecha entre el estudio del razonamiento y el estudio de la conducta cuando se habla de moral. La presente propuesta muestra una interacción entre un modelo de culpa (path model), centrado en el procesamiento de información, y el desentendimiento moral (DM) como un conjunto de justificaciones de la conducta inmoral. Si bien la integración no es completa, aporta a una visión de la cognición moral centrada en la regulación social y en las interacciones entre juicios y respuestas evidentes en las interacciones sociales. Adicionalmente, como producto de la interacción se presenta una propuesta metodológica para indagar por el origen del DM en el desarrollo.


Abstract The study of moral cognition is marked by two traditions: one centered on the study of how information regarding causality and intentionality is processed, and the other, derived from socio-cognitive potions, privileging moral agency and behavior regulation beyond processing. Thus, there seems to be a gap between the study of reasoning and the study of conduct, when speaking of morals. The article proposes an interaction between a path model of blame, centered on the processing of information, and moral disengagement (MD) as a set of justifications of immoral conduct. While the integration is not complete, it does contribute a view of moral cognition focused on social regulation and the interactions between the judgments and responses evident in social interactions. Additionally, as a product of that interaction, the study provides a methodological proposal to inquire into the origin of md in development.


Resumo O estudo da cognição moral parece estar marcado por duas tradições: uma focada no estudo do processamento de informação referente à causalidade e à intencionalidade, e outra que, com origem em posicionamentos sociocognitivos, privilegia a agência moral e a normatização do comportamento mais além do processamento. Assim, é provável que exista uma brecha entre o estudo do raciocínio e o estudo do comportamento quando se fala de moral. Esta proposta mostra uma interação entre um modelo de culpa (path model), centralizado no processamento de informação, e o desentendimento moral (DM) como um conjunto de justificativas do comportamento imoral. Embora a integração não seja completa, contribui para uma visão da cognição moral enfocada na regulamentação social e nas interações entre julgamentos e respostas evidentes nas interações sociais. Além disso, como produto da interação, apresenta-se uma proposta metodológica para indagar a respeito da origem do DM no desenvolvimento.

8.
Rev. latinoam. psicopatol. fundam ; 20(3): 526-543, jul.-set. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-902012

ABSTRACT

O presente artigo questiona a lógica autoterapêutica do delírio melancólico. Os casos clínicos propostos como contribuição ensinam que o psicótico melancólico pode tentar tratar sua culpabilidade delirante a partir da violência que ele se inflige, mas também a partir de condutas heteroagressivas, de delitos e de crimes. Em cada um dos casos, a dupla "autoacusação-autopunição" é operante. Ela permite um equilíbrio do gozo. A tal ponto que podemos defender que a pena, na ambivalência (dor moral e sanção aplicada), é um mal necessário na melancolia.


This paper questions self-therapeutic logic within melancholic delusion. The clinical cases presented here as a contribution teach us that melancholic psychotics can try to treat their delusional blame through self-inflicted violence, and also through hetero- aggressive behavior and crime. In each of these cases, the "self-accusation-self-punishment" relationship is at work. This balances out pleasure — to the extent that we can state that punishment, within ambivalence (moral suffering and inflicted punishment), is a necessary evil in melancholia.


Cet article interroge la logique auto-thérapeutique du délire mélancolique. Les cas cliniques mis ici à contribution enseignent que le psychotique mélancolique peut tenter de traiter sa culpabilité délirante à partir de la violence qu'il s'inflige mais aussi à partir de conduites hétéro-agressives, de délits et de crimes. En chaque cas, le couple «autoaccusation-autopunition¼ est à l'œuvre. Il permet l'équilibration de la jouissance et on peut donc affirmer que la peine, dans son double sens (douleur morale et sanction appliquée) est un mal nécessaire dans la mélancolie.


Este artículo cuestiona la lógica autoterapéutica del delirio melancólico. Los casos clínicos presentados aquí, demuestran que el psicótico melancólico puede intentar tratar su culpabilidad delirante a partir de la violencia que se aplica a sí mismo, pero también a partir de conductas heteroagresivas, de delitos y de crímenes. En cada caso, el dúo — autoacusación y autocastigo — está activo y permite equilibrar el goce. Por lo tanto, se puede postular que el dolor, en la ambivalencia (dolor moral y pena impuesta) es un mal necesario en la melancolía.


Dieser Artikel stellt die autotherapeutische Logik des melancholischen Wahnes in Frage. Die angeführten klinischen Beobachtungen lehren, dass der melancholische Psychotiker mit der Gewalt, die er sich selbst antut, aber auch mit seinem aggressiven Verhalten gegenüber anderen, mit Straftaten und Verbrechen versuchen kann, seine wahnsinnigen Schuldgefühle zu behandeln. In allen analysierten Fällen ist das Paar„Selbstbeschuldigung-Selbstbestrafung" am Werk, welches eine Regulierung des Genusses erlaubt. Man könnte also behaupten, dass das moralische Leiden und die angewandte Strafe ein notwendiges Übel der Melancholie sind.

9.
Psychiatry Res ; 233(2): 289-91, 2015 Aug 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26187550

ABSTRACT

Standard functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analyses cannot assess the potential of a neuroimaging signature as a biomarker to predict individual vulnerability to major depression (MD). Here, we use machine learning for the first time to address this question. Using a recently identified neural signature of guilt-selective functional disconnection, the classification algorithm was able to distinguish remitted MD from control participants with 78.3% accuracy. This demonstrates the high potential of our fMRI signature as a biomarker of MD vulnerability.


Subject(s)
Algorithms , Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder, Major/physiopathology , Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted , Echo-Planar Imaging/methods , Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods , Machine Learning , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Adult , Biomarkers , Case-Control Studies , Female , Guilt , Humans , Male , Nerve Net/physiopathology , Reference Values , Sensitivity and Specificity , Temporal Lobe/physiopathology
10.
Rev. crim ; 57(1): 61-74, ene.-abr. 2015. ilus, graf, mapas
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-771745

ABSTRACT

Se parte de una descripción doctrinaria de la noción del álea o riesgo médico, que conduce a identificar los sentidos que adopta, a fin de confrontarla con la noción de la culpa médica. De manera más específica, se intenta también perfilar una noción de error médico que se va posicionando en el derecho médico, no obstante ser objeto de diversos estudios en el campo de la medicina. El objetivo del estudio consiste en tratar, desde la perspectiva del derecho comparado, el problema que comporta la noción del riesgo médico para el terreno de la responsabilidad civil, el cual se abordará a través de un examen de la jurisprudencia comparada, que evidenciará los pasos que se vienen dando en diversos sistemas jurídicos, entre ellos el colombiano, para extender las reglas de la responsabilidad al campo de lo contingente, sin perjuicio del reconocimiento de alguna opción legislativa clara para regular las consecuencias de lo que se viene a conocer por accidente médico.


This article starts with a doctrinary description of the therapeutic alea or medical risk leading to an identification of the senses it adopts for the purpose of confronting it with medical fault or negligence. In a more specific way, it also aims at outlining a notion of medical error that is beginning to take a position in medical law, despite having been the object of diverse studies in the field of medicine. The objective of this study lies in attempting, from the perspective of compared law, to deal with the problem implied in the medical risk notion for the field of civil liability, which will be addressed through an examination of compared jurisprudence examination that would evidence the steps being taken in various juridical systems, including Colombia's, to extend the rules of liability to the contingency field without prejudice to the acknowledgement of a clear legislative option used to regulate the consequences of what has come to be known as medical accident.


O estudo começacom uma descriçãodoutrinária da noção do risco médicas, que leva a identificar os sentidos que adota, a fim de confrontá-la com a noção da culpa médica. De um jeito mais específico, pretende-se também perfilar uma noção do erro médico que é posicionado no direito médica, apesar de ser objeto de estudos diversos no campo da medicina. O objetivo do estudo consiste em tratar, desde a perspective do direito comparado, o problema que comporta a noção do risco médico para o terreno da responsabilidade civil, que se abordará através da examinação do jurisprudência comparada, que demonstrará as etapas dos diversos sistemas legais, entre eles o colombiano, para estender as regras da responsabilidade ao campo do contingente, sem prejuízo do reconhecimento de alguma opção legislativa clara para regular as consequências de aquilo conhecido como acidente médico.


Subject(s)
Medicine , Biopharmaceutics , Civil Rights , Risk
11.
Suma psicol ; 20(2): 231-240, jul.-dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-703908

ABSTRACT

En esta investigación se evaluó el efecto del estatus social de los testigos y la intencionalidad de la persona sobre las atribuciones de culpa que realizan los individuos. Participaron 178 estudiantes universitarios y se utilizaron 4 historias que describen un evento de fraude en un ambiente académico, variando la intencionalidad del sospechoso (intencional - no intencional) y el estatus social del testigo (alto - bajo). Los resultados mostraron que no existe un efecto del estatus social y de la intencionalidad en las atribuciones de culpa. Los resultados son interpretados a la luz de estudios previos sobre atribución de culpa con el propósito de incorporar elementos nuevos como las creencias previas de los participantes e información que acompañe y resalte el estatus de los testigos para guiar las investigaciones futuras.


The effect of the social status of the witnesses and the intent of the person, on the powers of guilt made by individuals were evaluated in this research. 178 college students participated and 4 stories that describe an event of fraud in a learning environment were used, varying the suspect's intentionality (intentional -not intentional) and social status of the witness (high -low). The results showed that there is an effect of social status and intentionality attributions of guilt. Results are interpreted in light of previous studies on attribution of blame in order to incorporate new elements as prior beliefs of the participants and accompanying information and highlight the status of witnesses to guide future research.

12.
Acta colomb. psicol ; 15(2): 135-148, jul.-dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-675104

ABSTRACT

El sexismo del observador y el comportamiento de la mujer han demostrado su influencia sobre el modo en que las personas juzgan a esta última cuando es agredida físicamente por su pareja. Con el fin de averiguar cómo influye la interacción de ambos factores sobre la atribución de culpa a la mujer víctima de violencia de pareja, se expuso a 120 participantes a viñetas experimentales, previa medición de sus niveles de sexismo benevolente y hostil. Los resultados mostraron que los sexistas benevolentes culpaban a la víctima de violencia de pareja cuando sentían que ésta transgredía el estereotipo de género; y que, por el contrario, tendían a exonerarla cuando sentían que se comportaba de acuerdo con tal estereotipo. Esto ocurría sólo cuando el nivel de sexismo hostil del participante era bajo. Se discuten estos resultados con base en la Teoría del Sexismo Ambivalente y en las normas de género transgredidas.


Observer's sexism and woman's behavior have shown their influence on the way people judge the latter when she is physically assaulted by her partner. In order to find out how the attribution of blame to the female victim of intimate partner violence is affected by the interaction between those two types of factors, 120 participants were exposed to experimental vignettes after their levels of benevolent and hostile sexism were assessed. Results showed that benevolent sexists blamed the victim more when she was perceived as violating gender stereotypes and, on the contrary, they almost exonerated her when they felt she behaved according to those stereotypes. That was the case only when hostile sexism levels were low. These and other results are discussed in the context of Ambivalent Sexism Theory and of transgressed gender norms.


O sexismo do observador e o comportamento da mulher demonstraram sua influência sobre o modo com que as pessoas julgam a esta última quando é agredida fisicamente por seu casal. Com o fim de averiguar como influi a interação de ambos fatores sobre a atribuição de culpa à mulheres vítimas de violência de casal, se expôs a 120 participantes a vinhetas experimentais, prévia medição de seus níveis de sexismo benevolente e hostil. Os resultados mostraram que os sexistas benevolentes culpavam a vítimas de violência de casal quando sentiam que esta transgredia o estereótipo de gênero; e que, ao contrário, tendiam a exonerá-la quando sentiam que se comportava de acordo com tal estereótipo. Isto ocorria só quando o nível de sexismo hostil do participante era baixo. Discutem-se estes resultados com base na Teoría do Sexismo Ambivalente e nas normas de gênero transgredidas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Stereotyping , Sexism , Intimate Partner Violence
13.
Rev. latinoam. psicopatol. fundam ; 11(3): 405-419, set. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-494217

ABSTRACT

Discute-se a respeito da importância que teve a pesquisa empreendida pelos psiquiatras franceses Jules Cotard e Jules Séglas nas primeiras elaborações freudianas acerca da melancolia. No esforço feito por Freud em distinguir as afecções psíquicas, ele leva em consideração os principais conceitos destacados pela psiquiatria clássica: a dor moral, condição para o delírio de indignidade, o mecanismo de auto-acusação e a hemorragia de libido. Busca-se uma articulação entre esses autores. Neste artigo essa retomada é importante para um aprimoramento no diagnóstico da melancolia. Constata-se que a melancolia na contemporaneidade nos remete não somente aos clássicos, mas sobretudo a Freud, em seus primeiros rascunhos.


Se discute respecto a la importancia que ha tenido la investigación emprendida por los psiquiatras franceses Jules Cotard y Jules Séglas en las primeras elaboraciones freudianas sobre la melancolía. En su esfuerzo por distinguir las afecciones psíquicas, Freud tiene en cuenta los principales conceptos de la psiquiatría clásica: el dolor moral, la condición para el delirio de indignidad, el mecanismo de autoinculpación y la hemorragia de la libido. En este artículo se vuelve tomar la articulación entre los autores para primorear el diagnóstico de la melancolía. Se constata que la melancolía en la contemporaneidad nos remite no sólo a los clásicos, sino sobretodo a Freud, en sus primeros bosquejos.


Nous discutons l'importance qu'a eue la recherche menée par les psychiatres français Jules Cotard et Jules Séglas dans les premières élaborations freudiennes sur la mélancolie. Dans son effort pour distinguer les affections psychiques, Freud prend en compte les principaux concepts mis en évidence par la psychiatrie classique: la douleur morale, condition du délire d'indignité, le mécanisme d'auto-accusation et l'hémorragie de libido. Nous cherchons une articulation entre ces auteurs et dans cet article, cette reprise est importante pour un perfectionnement du diagnostic de la mélancolie. Nous constatons actuellement que la mélancolie nous renvoie non seulement aux classiques, mais, surtout à Freud et à ses premières ébauches.


This article discusses the importance of the research carred out by the French psychiatrists Jules Cotard and Jules Séglas regarding Freud's first considerations on melancholia. In his attempt to distinguish psychic affections, Freud took into consideration the main concepts outlined by classical psychiatry, namely, moral suffering, the condition for the delusion of indignity, the mechanism of self-blame, and the hemorrhage of the libido. The article discusses articulations between the two French authors mentioned above, as an important step in better diagnosing melancholia. It is seen that, today, melancholia leads us back not only to the classics, but especially to Freud and his earliest considerations.


Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder , Hemorrhage
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