Longitudinal analysis at three oral sites links oral microbiota to clinical outcomes in allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant.

IMPORTANCE: The oral cavity is the ultimate doorway for microbes entering the human body. We analyzed oral microbiota dynamics in allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients and showed that microbiota injury and recovery patterns were highly informative on transplant complications and outcomes. Our results highlight the importance of tracking the recipient's microbiota changes during allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant to improve our understanding of its biology, safety, and efficacy.

Stranding events of drift organisms (Arribadas) in southern Brazil and the spread of invasive bryozoan in South America.

The accumulation of drift organisms (Arribadas, constituted by benthic microalgae, macroalgae and bryozoans) on Central Beach in Balneário Camboriú (SC) has drawn attention since the early 2000s. However, historical surveys suggest an ancient phenomenon that has been increasing in intensity, promoted by urbanization and the eutrophication of the bay in recent years, leading to changes in the taxonomic composition. Previously, these Arribadas were comprised of two species of benthic microalgae (Amphitetras antediluviana and Biddulphia biddulphiana) and the bryozoan Arbocuspis ramosa. However, since 2019, a substantial increase in biomass has been observed on the beach and the dominance of the macroalgae Bryopsis plumosa strongly suggests an increase in the load of organic matter and nutrients in the bay. Recently (2022) the presence of a new invasive bryozoan species (Amathia alternata) was detected, highlighting the need to continue investigating the Arribadas to monitor the ecological evolution of this process.

Herbicide Options to Control Naturalised Infestations of Cereus uruguayanus in Rangeland Environments of Australia.

While there are many high profile Opuntioid cactus species invading rangeland environments in Australia, Cereus uruguayanus Ritt. ex Kiesl. has also naturalised and formed large and dense infestations at several locations. With no herbicides registered for control of C. uruguayanus in Australia, the primary aim of this study was to identify effective herbicides to control it using a range of techniques. This involved a large screening trial of twelve herbicides and four techniques, followed by a rate refinement trial for cut stump applications and another to test residual herbicides. Despite most treatments (except monosodium methylarsonate (MSMA)) taking a long time to kill plants, at least one effective herbicide was identified for basal bark (triclopyr/picloram), cut stump (aminopyralid/metsulfuron-methyl, glyphosate, metsulfuron-methyl, triclopyr/picloram, triclopyr/picloram/aminopyralid), stem injection (glyphosate, MSMA, triclopyr/picloram/aminopyralid) and foliar applications (aminopyralid/metsulfuron-methyl, MSMA, triclopyr, triclopyr/picloram/aminopyralid) due to their ability to kill both small and large plants. Ground application of residual herbicides was less conclusive with neither hexazinone nor tebuthiuron causing adequate mortality at the rates applied. This study has identified effective herbicides for the control of C. uruguayanus using several techniques, but further research is needed to refine herbicide rates and develop integrated management strategies for a range of situations and infestation sizes and densities.

Pollination and reproductive system of synchronopatric species of Cactaceae (Cactoideae) subject to interspecific flow of pollen: an example of ecological adaptation in the Brazilian Chaco.

Three synchronopatric Cactaceae species, Echinopsis rhodotricha, Harrisia balansae and Praecereus saxicola, have mostly nocturnal anthesis and similar flowers, characteristics that motivated us to perform a comparative study of reproductive ecology. Reproductive phenology was sampled monthly from December 2014 to November 2015. We describe floral biology, breeding system via pollination treatments and evaluate floral visitors from focal and filming observations. Pollen grains found on moth proboscis were compared among cactus species under light microscopy. We used fluorescent dye particles to test intra- and interspecific pollen flow. These three species have extended flowering with greater intensity in the wet season, causing high overlap. They have white and hypocrateriformis flowers that open at twilight or nightfall and last about 15 h. H. balansae seems to be self-incompatible, while E. rhodotricha presented self-compatibility. P. saxicola presented self-fertility, but most of the population seems to be self-incompatible. We suggest sphingophily for the three species, but only P. saxicola was visited by Manduca rustica (Sphingidae). However, we observed pollen grains of all three species on the proboscis of moths, especially M. rustica and M. sexta. Prolonged anthesis allowed bees (herein considered as secondary pollinators) to visit flowers of E. rhodotricha and P. saxicola. It can be concluded that the studied species share nocturnal and diurnal pollinators, suggesting interspecific pollen flow, which, however, could not be detected with fluorescent dye particles. In view of the low frequency of primary pollinators, it appears that these three species have different reproductive strategies, ensuring the fruiting and production of viable seeds.

Investigation on the hazing of a Brazilian contemporary painting.

A whitish crystalline-like coating was observed on the surface of the painting "Incêndio", 1990, produced by Emmanuel Nassar and awarded at the 6th Biennial of Cuenca. This work belongs to the Contemporary Art Museum of the University of São Paulo (MAC-USP) and such coating modified the artwork characteristics, causing an unpleasant effect and compromising its exhibition. The choice of the proper conservation and restoration strategies involves the understanding of the degradation process, demanding the identification of the chemical compounds formed on the painting surface, as well as of the other components in the painting. The results here obtained from Raman and optical microscopies, FTIR-ATR, SEM-EDS and GC-MS, revealed that the efflorescence chemical composition is almost only palmitic acid, with minor contents of stearic acid and their methyl esters, and that the paints are composed by chrome yellow, amorphous carbon and toluidine red pigment; an aluminum silicate filler in the black paint applied on the aluminum ground was also detected. Hierarchical Cluster Analyses (HCA) of the Raman spectra also revealed that the concentration of the efflorescence minor components depends on the paint composition. It was suggested, therefore, that the degradation process resulted from segregation and migration of mainly palmitic acid from the dried paints. Restoration methodologies used in similar cases, as well as factors that contribute to this process, were discussed.

Honey bee contribution to canola pollination in Southern Brazil

Although canola, (Brassica napus L.), is considered a self-pollinating crop, researchers have indicated that crop productivity increases as a result of honey bee Apis mellifera L. pollination. Given this crop's growing importance in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, this work evaluated the increase in pod and seed productivity with respect to interactions with anthophilous insects and manual pollination tests. The visiting frequency of A. mellifera was correlated with the crop's blooming progression, and productivity comparisons were made between plants visited by insects, manually pollinated plants (geitonogamy and xenogamy) and plants without pollination induction. Pod set and seed production per plant were determined for each treatment. Among the 8,624 recorded flower-visiting insects, Hymenoptera representatives were the most prevalent (92.3%), among which 99.8% were A. mellifera. The correlation between these bees and blooming progression was positive (r = 0.87; p = 0.002). Pollination induction increased seed productivity from 28.4% (autogamy) to 50.4% with insect visitations, as well as to 48.7 (geitonogamy) and to 55.1% (xenogamy) through manual pollination.

A canola (Brassica napus L.) é considerada autocompatível, embora pesquisadores indiquem aumento na produtividade da cultura resultante da polinização efetuada por Apis mellifera L.. Considerando-se a crescente importância dessa cultura no Rio Grande do Sul, avaliou-se o incremento da produtividade de síliquas e sementes a partir de interações com insetos antófilos e com testes de polinização manual. A freqüência de visitas de A. mellifera foi relacionada com o desenvolvimento da floração da cultura e a produtividade foi comparada entre plantas visitadas por insetos, polinizadas manualmente (geitonogamia e xenogamia) e com ausência de indução de polinização. Em cada tratamento avaliou-se a produtividade de síliquas e de sementes formadas por planta. Dentre os 8.624 insetos visitantes florais registrados destacaram-se representantes de Hymenoptera (92,3%), dos quais 99,8% eram A. mellifera. A relação entre essas abelhas e o curso da floração foi positiva (r = 0,87; p = 0,002). A indução de polinização elevou a produtividade de sementes de 28,3% (autogamia) para 50,4% com livre visita de insetos e com polinização manual, respectivamente, para 48,7 (geitonogamia) e 55,1% (xenogamia).

Honey bee contribution to canola pollination in Southern Brazil

Although canola, (Brassica napus L.), is considered a self-pollinating crop, researchers have indicated that crop productivity increases as a result of honey bee Apis mellifera L. pollination. Given this crop's growing importance in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, this work evaluated the increase in pod and seed productivity with respect to interactions with anthophilous insects and manual pollination tests. The visiting frequency of A. mellifera was correlated with the crop's blooming progression, and productivity comparisons were made between plants visited by insects, manually pollinated plants (geitonogamy and xenogamy) and plants without pollination induction. Pod set and seed production per plant were determined for each treatment. Among the 8,624 recorded flower-visiting insects, Hymenoptera representatives were the most prevalent (92.3%), among which 99.8% were A. mellifera. The correlation between these bees and blooming progression was positive (r = 0.87; p = 0.002). Pollination induction increased seed productivity from 28.4% (autogamy) to 50.4% with insect visitations, as well as to 48.7 (geitonogamy) and to 55.1% (xenogamy) through manual pollination.

A canola (Brassica napus L.) é considerada autocompatível, embora pesquisadores indiquem aumento na produtividade da cultura resultante da polinização efetuada por Apis mellifera L.. Considerando-se a crescente importância dessa cultura no Rio Grande do Sul, avaliou-se o incremento da produtividade de síliquas e sementes a partir de interações com insetos antófilos e com testes de polinização manual. A freqüência de visitas de A. mellifera foi relacionada com o desenvolvimento da floração da cultura e a produtividade foi comparada entre plantas visitadas por insetos, polinizadas manualmente (geitonogamia e xenogamia) e com ausência de indução de polinização. Em cada tratamento avaliou-se a produtividade de síliquas e de sementes formadas por planta. Dentre os 8.624 insetos visitantes florais registrados destacaram-se representantes de Hymenoptera (92,3%), dos quais 99,8% eram A. mellifera. A relação entre essas abelhas e o curso da floração foi positiva (r = 0,87; p = 0,002). A indução de polinização elevou a produtividade de sementes de 28,3% (autogamia) para 50,4% com livre visita de insetos e com polinização manual, respectivamente, para 48,7 (geitonogamia) e 55,1% (xenogamia).

Ecological performance of perennial soybean and centro for the state of São Paulo. 6 - Brotas / Regionalização de acessos de soja perene e centrosema para o Estado de São Paulo, 6 - Brotas

The work was conducted at the Estação Experimental de Brotas, State of São Paulo. The aim was to evaluate several entries of Neonotonia wightii (Wight e Arn.) Lackey (perennial-soybean) and Centrosema pubescens Benth (centro). Good ecological behavior and desirable forage characteristics were investigated to select proinising accessions for that locality. The accessions were tested under two levels of fertilization. The results showed that the centro have better adaptation than perennial-soybean under the conditions of Brotas. Significant effects of fertilization were observed in dry matter production annual of both species. The blooming of both species varied depending on the accession, the perennial-soybean began at the first of April, and centro at the second half of April. Its recommended that more detailed studies should be carried out with the accessions that stood out: perennial-soybean NO 254, NO 409 and centro NO 235, NO 2237.

O trabalho foi conduzido no Posto Experimental de Brotas, SP, do Instituto dc Zootecnia, situado a 650m de altitude, 2216 latitude S e 48º7 longitude W. O clima da região, conforme a classificação de Köeppen relatada em REINHARD (1968) pode ser incluído no Cwa, caracterizado como tropical úmido, com estação chuvosa no verão e seca no inverno. O solo do local é Areias Quartzosas profundas. O objetivo do trabalho foi de, sob dois níveis de adubação, avaliar acessos de Neonotonia wightii (Wight e Arn), Lackey (soja perene) e Centrosema pubescensBenth. (centrosema), visando selecionar aqueles que apresentem boa adaptação edafoclimática para Brotas, e indicar opções de novos cultivares para essa região. Verificou-se que a centrosema se adaptou melhor que a soja-perene às condições propostas. A adubação exerceu influência significativa nas produções anuais de matéria seca das espécies. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, merecem estudos posteriores os acessos de soja perene NO 254, NO 409 e de centrosema NO 235 e NO 2237.

Ecological performance of perennial soybean and centro for the state of São Paulo. 6 - Brotas / Regionalização de acessos de soja perene e centrosema para o Estado de São Paulo, 6 - Brotas

The work was conducted at the Estação Experimental de Brotas, State of São Paulo. The aim was to evaluate several entries of Neonotonia wightii (Wight e Arn.) Lackey (perennial-soybean) and Centrosema pubescens Benth (centro). Good ecological behavior and desirable forage characteristics were investigated to select proinising accessions for that locality. The accessions were tested under two levels of fertilization. The results showed that the centro have better adaptation than perennial-soybean under the conditions of Brotas. Significant effects of fertilization were observed in dry matter production annual of both species. The blooming of both species varied depending on the accession, the perennial-soybean began at the first of April, and centro at the second half of April. Its recommended that more detailed studies should be carried out with the accessions that stood out: perennial-soybean NO 254, NO 409 and centro NO 235, NO 2237.

O trabalho foi conduzido no Posto Experimental de Brotas, SP, do Instituto dc Zootecnia, situado a 650m de altitude, 2216 latitude S e 48º7 longitude W. O clima da região, conforme a classificação de Köeppen relatada em REINHARD (1968) pode ser incluído no Cwa, caracterizado como tropical úmido, com estação chuvosa no verão e seca no inverno. O solo do local é Areias Quartzosas profundas. O objetivo do trabalho foi de, sob dois níveis de adubação, avaliar acessos de Neonotonia wightii (Wight e Arn), Lackey (soja perene) e Centrosema pubescensBenth. (centrosema), visando selecionar aqueles que apresentem boa adaptação edafoclimática para Brotas, e indicar opções de novos cultivares para essa região. Verificou-se que a centrosema se adaptou melhor que a soja-perene às condições propostas. A adubação exerceu influência significativa nas produções anuais de matéria seca das espécies. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, merecem estudos posteriores os acessos de soja perene NO 254, NO 409 e de centrosema NO 235 e NO 2237.

Ecological performance of perennial soyabean and centro for the State São Paulo. 4 - Sertãozinho / Regionalização de acessos de soja-perene e centrosema para o Estado de São Paulo. 4. Sertãozinho

The present work was conducted at the Estação Experimental de Sertãozinho, State of São Paulo. The aim was to evaluate several acessions of Neonotonia wightii (Wight & Arn.) Lackey (perenial-soybean) and Centrosema pubescens Benth. (centro). Ecological behavior and forage characteristics were investigated to select promising accessions for that locality. The accessions were tested under two levels of fertilization. The results showed that both species fit satisfactoryly under the edapho- climatics condictions of Sertãozinho. The significant effects of fertilization were observed in dry matter production of perenial soyabean but not in centro. The blooming of perennial soyabean varied depending on the accession, beginning at the first half of April. The blooming of centrobegan at the second half of April, being similar some for all accessions. More detailed studies should be carried out with the accessions that stood out: perenial soyabean - NO 254 and NO 409; centro - NO 235 NO 2237 and NO 2239.

O trabalho foi conduzido na Estação Experimental de Sertãozinho, SP, do Instituto de Zootecnia, situada a 548 m de altitude, 218" latitude S e 4753" longitude W. O clima da região é caracterizado como tropical úmido, com estação chuvosa no verão e seca no inverno. O solo do local é o latossoio roxo de boa fertilidade. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar, sob dois níveis de adubação, acessos de Neonotonia wightii (Wight & Arn.) Lackey (soja-perene) e Centrosema pubescens Benth. (centrosema), visando selecionar aqueles que apresentassem boa adaptação edafo-climática. Verificou-se que as duas espécies se adaptam bem às condições edafo-climáticas de Sertãozinho. A adubação . exerceu influência significativa na produção de matéria seca da soja-perene mas não interferiu na de centrosema. O florescimento da soja-perene iniciou-se na Ia quinzena de abril, variando conforme o acesso; o da centrosema, na 2a quinzena, sendo semelhante para todos os acessos. Merecem estudos mais avançados: soja-perene: NO 254 e NO 409; centrosema: NO 235 NO 2237 e NO 2239.

Ecological performance of perennial soyabean and centro for the State São Paulo. 4 - Sertãozinho / Regionalização de acessos de soja-perene e centrosema para o Estado de São Paulo. 4. Sertãozinho

The present work was conducted at the Estação Experimental de Sertãozinho, State of São Paulo. The aim was to evaluate several acessions of Neonotonia wightii (Wight & Arn.) Lackey (perenial-soybean) and Centrosema pubescens Benth. (centro). Ecological behavior and forage characteristics were investigated to select promising accessions for that locality. The accessions were tested under two levels of fertilization. The results showed that both species fit satisfactoryly under the edapho- climatics condictions of Sertãozinho. The significant effects of fertilization were observed in dry matter production of perenial soyabean but not in centro. The blooming of perennial soyabean varied depending on the accession, beginning at the first half of April. The blooming of centrobegan at the second half of April, being similar some for all accessions. More detailed studies should be carried out with the accessions that stood out: perenial soyabean - NO 254 and NO 409; centro - NO 235 NO 2237 and NO 2239.

O trabalho foi conduzido na Estação Experimental de Sertãozinho, SP, do Instituto de Zootecnia, situada a 548 m de altitude, 218" latitude S e 4753" longitude W. O clima da região é caracterizado como tropical úmido, com estação chuvosa no verão e seca no inverno. O solo do local é o latossoio roxo de boa fertilidade. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar, sob dois níveis de adubação, acessos de Neonotonia wightii (Wight & Arn.) Lackey (soja-perene) e Centrosema pubescens Benth. (centrosema), visando selecionar aqueles que apresentassem boa adaptação edafo-climática. Verificou-se que as duas espécies se adaptam bem às condições edafo-climáticas de Sertãozinho. A adubação . exerceu influência significativa na produção de matéria seca da soja-perene mas não interferiu na de centrosema. O florescimento da soja-perene iniciou-se na Ia quinzena de abril, variando conforme o acesso; o da centrosema, na 2a quinzena, sendo semelhante para todos os acessos. Merecem estudos mais avançados: soja-perene: NO 254 e NO 409; centrosema: NO 235 NO 2237 e NO 2239.