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1.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 94(1): 33-38, ene.-mar. 2024. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1556890

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Neonatal lupus (NL) is extremely rare and is caused by the transplacental passage of maternal IgG autoantibodies against Ro, La, and/or RNP proteins into the fetal circulation, which can cause congenital complete atrioventricular block (CCAB), permanent skin lesions, and liver involvement. Objective: To know the prevalence of NL in patients with CCAB and the clinical course in long-term follow-up. Methods: From January 1992 to December 2017, patients with CCAB were included. The presence of anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La antinuclear antibodies in maternal serum confirmed NL. Results: Eight patients were included with a follow-up of 10 ± 6 years; NL was concluded in 62.5%; two were male. One of them was diagnosed in utero, two at birth, and a pacemaker was implanted in them, one at 12 years of age and another at 15. The other two cases were diagnosed at 18 and 26 years of age, and permanent pacemakers were implanted 8 and 5 years later, respectively. In one case, a definitive pacemaker was not implanted in a newborn with only 1 year of follow-up. At delivery, 60% of the mothers were free of rheumatic disease, and altogether, they all had 19 children; none of them presented NL manifestations. Conclusions: CCAB is rare and frequently associated with a maternal autoimmune disease, practically all of them will require a definitive pacemaker at some point in their lives.


Resumen Antecedentes: El lupus neonatal (LN) es extremadamente raro y es ocasionado por el paso transplacentario de auto-anticuerpos maternos IgG contra las proteínas Ro, La y/o RNP a la circulación fetal que puede ocasionar bloqueo aurículo-ventricular completo congénito (BAVCC) permanente, lesiones dérmicas y afectación hepática. Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia de LN en paciente con BAVCC y la evolución clínica en un seguimiento a largo plazo. Métodos: De enero de 1992 a diciembre 2017 se incluyeron paciente con BAVCC. La presencia de anticuerpos antinucleares anti-SSA/Ro y anti-SSB/La en suero materno confirmó LN. Resultados: Ocho pacientes fueron incluidos con seguimiento de 10 ± 6 años, el 62.5 % con LN; dos fueron del sexo masculino. Uno diagnosticado in útero, dos al nacimiento, en ellos se implantó marcapaso; uno a los 12 años de edad y otro a los 15. Los otros dos casos fueron diagnosticados a los 18 y 26 años, se implantó marcapaso definitivo en ellos 8 y 5 años después respectivamente. En un caso no se implantó marcapaso definitivo; un recién nacido con solo un año de seguimiento. Al dar a luz, el 60 % de las madres estaban libres de enfermedad reumática y en conjunto todas tuvieron 19 hijos, ninguno de ellos presentó manifestaciones de LN. Conclusiones: El BAVCC es raro y frecuentemente está asociado a una enfermedad autoinmune materna, prácticamente todos requerirán de marcapaso definitivo en alguna época de su vida.

2.
Arch Cardiol Mex ; 94(1): 33-38, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38507328

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Neonatal lupus (NL) is extremely rare and is caused by the transplacental passage of maternal IgG autoantibodies against Ro, La, and/or RNP proteins into the fetal circulation, which can cause congenital complete atrioventricular block (CCAB), permanent skin lesions, and liver involvement. OBJECTIVE: To know the prevalence of NL in patients with CCAB and the clinical course in long-term follow-up. METHODS: From January 1992 to December 2017, patients with CCAB were included. The presence of anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La antinuclear antibodies in maternal serum confirmed NL. RESULTS: Eight patients were included with a follow-up of 10 ± 6 years; NL was concluded in 62.5%; two were male. One of them was diagnosed in utero, two at birth, and a pacemaker was implanted in them, one at 12 years of age and another at 15. The other two cases were diagnosed at 18 and 26 years of age, and permanent pacemakers were implanted 8 and 5 years later, respectively. In one case, a definitive pacemaker was not implanted in a newborn with only 1 year of follow-up. At delivery, 60% of the mothers were free of rheumatic disease, and altogether, they all had 19 children; none of them presented NL manifestations. CONCLUSIONS: CCAB is rare and frequently associated with a maternal autoimmune disease, practically all of them will require a definitive pacemaker at some point in their lives.


ANTECEDENTES: El lupus neonatal (LN) es extremadamente raro y es ocasionado por el paso transplacentario de auto-anticuerpos maternos IgG contra las proteínas Ro, La y/o RNP a la circulación fetal que puede ocasionar bloqueo aurículo-ventricular completo congénito (BAVCC) permanente, lesiones dérmicas y afectación hepática. OBJETIVO: Conocer la prevalencia de LN en paciente con BAVCC y la evolución clínica en un seguimiento a largo plazo. MÉTODOS: De enero de 1992 a diciembre 2017 se incluyeron paciente con BAVCC. La presencia de anticuerpos antinucleares anti-SSA/Ro y anti-SSB/La en suero materno confirmó LN. RESULTADOS: Ocho pacientes fueron incluidos con seguimiento de 10 ± 6 años, el 62.5 % con LN; dos fueron del sexo masculino. Uno diagnosticado in útero, dos al nacimiento, en ellos se implantó marcapaso; uno a los 12 años de edad y otro a los 15. Los otros dos casos fueron diagnosticados a los 18 y 26 años, se implantó marcapaso definitivo en ellos 8 y 5 años después respectivamente. En un caso no se implantó marcapaso definitivo; un recién nacido con solo un año de seguimiento. Al dar a luz, el 60 % de las madres estaban libres de enfermedad reumática y en conjunto todas tuvieron 19 hijos, ninguno de ellos presentó manifestaciones de LN. CONCLUSIONES: El BAVCC es raro y frecuentemente está asociado a una enfermedad autoinmune materna, prácticamente todos requerirán de marcapaso definitivo en alguna época de su vida.


Subject(s)
Atrioventricular Block , Heart Block/congenital , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/congenital , Infant, Newborn , Child , Humans , Male , Female , Atrioventricular Block/epidemiology , Prevalence , Antibodies, Antinuclear , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology
3.
Med. crít. (Col. Mex. Med. Crít.) ; 37(1): 52-55, Feb. 2023. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521191

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: la persistencia de la vena cava superior izquierda (PVCSI) tiene una prevalencia de 0.21% en la población general. Presentación del caso: masculino de 67 años de edad diagnosticado con bloqueo auriculoventricular (AV) de tercer grado y que requirió colocación de marcapasos; sin embargo, debido a la ausencia de la vena cava superior derecha, corroborado por angiotomografía, se colocó marcapasos definitivo a través de la vena cava superior izquierda persistente. Conclusión: la persistencia de la vena cava superior izquierda (PVCSI) es la anomalía venosa torácica más común. Puede causar una serie de síntomas clínicamente significativos, incluso en un corazón con anatomía normal. La colocación de marcapasos dificulta la fijación del electrodo debido al recorrido tortuoso que genera.


Abstract: Introduction: the persistence of the left superior vena cava (PLSVC) has a prevalence of 0.21% in the general population. Case presentation: 67-year-old male diagnosed with third-degree AV block, requiring pacemaker placement. However, due to the absence of a right superior vena cava, corroborated by CT angiography, a definitive pacemaker was placed through a persistent left superior vena cava. Conclusion: the persistence of the left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is the most common thoracic venous anomaly. It can cause a number of clinically significant symptoms, even in a heart with normal anatomy. Pacemaker placement makes electrode fixation difficult due to tortuous travel.


Resumo: Introdução: a persistência da veia cava superior esquerda (PVCSI) tem uma prevalência de 0.21% na população geral. Apresentação do caso: Homem de 67 anos com diagnóstico de bloqueio AV de terceiro grau, necessitando de colocação de marcapasso. No entanto, devido à ausência da veia cava superior direita, corroborada pela angiotomografia, colocou-se marcapasso definitivo através da veia cava superior esquerda persistente. Conclusão: a persistência da veia cava superior esquerda (PVCSI) é a anomalia venosa torácica mais comum. Pode causar uma série de sintomas clinicamente significativos, mesmo em um coração com anatomia normal. A colocação do marcapasso dificulta a fixação do eletrodo devido ao trajeto tortuoso.

4.
Rev. urug. cardiol ; 38(1): e302, 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1522875

ABSTRACT

La amiloidosis cardíaca (AC) es una enfermedad con mal pronóstico si el tratamiento no se inicia de forma temprana, por lo que una de las asignaturas pendientes en esta enfermedad consiste en realizar un diagnóstico precoz. El electrocardiograma (ECG) es una prueba diagnóstica de bajo costo y amplia disponibilidad que nos permite sospechar esta enfermedad, dado que resulta normal en < 5% de los pacientes. El hallazgo clásico es la presencia de bajos voltajes en relación con la gran hipertrofia que se observa en las pruebas de imagen, así como el conocido patrón de pseudoinfarto. Ambos hallazgos son más frecuentes en el subtipo de amiloidosis por cadenas ligeras, que era el más frecuentemente diagnosticado en el pasado. Sin embargo, con la expansión del diagnóstico no invasivo del subtipo a transtiretina, su identificación ha crecido de forma exponencial y se convirtió en el más diagnosticado con más frecuencia en nuestro medio. Se debe prestar especial atención a todos estos hallazgos electrocardiográficos, con el fin de que esta prueba diagnóstica de sencilla obtención pueda contribuir de forma importante a la sospecha y al diagnóstico precoz de la AC.


Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a serious disease with a poor prognosis if treatment is not started early, so one of the pending issues in this condition is to make an early diagnosis. The electrocardiogram (EKG) is an inexpensive and widely available diagnostic test that can offer differential data when suspecting this disease, being normal in < 5% of these patients. The classic EKG finding is the presence of low voltages in relation to the large hypertrophy seen on imaging tests, as well as the well-known pseudoinfarct pattern. Both findings are more frequent in the light chain subtype of CA, which was the most frequently diagnosed in the past. However, with the growth of noninvasive diagnostic tests, the identification of the transtyretin subtype has grown exponentially, becoming the most frequently diagnosed in our setting. Special attention should be paid to all these electrocardiographic findings, so that this simple diagnostic test can make an important contribution to the early suspicion and diagnosis of CA.


A amiloidose cardíaca (AC) é uma doença grave com um mau prognóstico no caso de não se iniciar tratamento de forma precoce, pelo que a necessidade de um pronto diagnóstico é imperiosa. Quando se suspeita desta doença, o eletrocardiograma (ECG) é um teste de diagnóstico pouco dispendioso e disponível em todo o mundo, que pode fornecer dados discriminativos importantes, sendo normal em menos de 5% dos casos. O achado clássico do ECG é a presença de baixas voltagens em relação à grande hipertrofia vista na imagem, bem como o conhecido padrão de pseudoinfarte. Ambos os resultados são mais frequentes no subtipo a cadenas ligeras, o mais frequentemente diagnosticado no passado. No entanto, com o aumento dos testes de diagnóstico não-invasivos, o diagnóstico ddo subtipo a transtirretina, o mais cresceu de forma exponencial, tornando-se o mais frequentemente diagnosticado no nosso meio. Deve ser dada especial atenção a todos estes achados eletrocardiográficos já que esta prova de diagnóstico de fácil obtenção pode contribuir de forma importante para a suspeição de diagnóstico precoce de AC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Electrocardiography , Heart Diseases/diagnosis , Amyloidosis/diagnosis
5.
Actual. osteol ; 18(3): 183-191, 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1509337

ABSTRACT

La crisis hipercalcémica (CH) es una emergencia endocrina inusual, definida por la presencia de calcemia > 14 mg/dl asociada a disfunción renal, alteraciones cardiovasculares, gastrointestinales y del sensorio; también podría considerarse en pacientes con síntomas graves y calcemia menor. El hiperparatiroidismo primario (HPTP) y las neoplasias malignas son las etiologías más comunes de la hipercalcemia (90% de los casos); sin embargo, rara vez el primero se presenta como CH. Debido a la alta mortalidad asociada a esta entidad, es de gran importancia establecer diagnóstico y tratamiento precoces. Presentamos dos pacientes con crisis hipercalcémica como primera manifestación del HPTP, el 1.° con bloqueo auriculoventricular (AV) completo y el 2.° con pancreatitis aguda. La anatomía patológica (AP) reveló adenoma oxifílico en ambos casos, que es una variante histológica poco frecuente y puede manifestarse clínicamente de forma grave. Conclusiones: los adenomas paratiroideos son causa poco frecuente de CH. Consideramos el tipo histológico observado (adenoma oxifílico) como probable factor condicionante. La pancreatitis y especialmente el bloqueo AV son manifestaciones poco frecuentes de la CH. Resaltamos la importancia de la determinación de los niveles de calcio dentro de la evaluación inicial de todo paciente con bloqueo AV. (AU)


Hypercalcemic crisis (HC) is an unusual endocrine emergency, defined as the presence of serum calcium > 14 mg/dl related to kidney dysfunction, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and sensory disturbances. It could also be considered in patients with severe symptoms and lower serum calcium levels. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and malignant neoplasms are the most common hypercalcemia etiologies (90% of cases), nevertheless, the former hardly ever occurs as HC. Due to the high mortality associated with HC, it is crucial to establish early diagnosis and treatment.We report two patients with HC as the first manifestation of PHPT; the former with atrioventricular (AV) block and the latter with acute pancreatitis. Pathology revealed oxyphilic adenoma in both cases, which is an infrequent histological variant that can have a severe clinical manifestation. Conclusions: parathyroid adenomas are a rare cause of HC. We consider the histological type observed (oxyphilic adenoma) as a probable conditioning factor. Pancreatitis and especially AV block are rare manifestations of HC. We emphasize the importance of determining calcium levels in the initial evaluation of all patients with AV block. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Parathyroid Neoplasms/complications , Adenoma/complications , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/complications , Hypercalcemia/diagnosis , Pancreatitis/etiology , Parathyroid Hormone/analysis , Parathyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Adenoma/pathology , Calcium/blood , Oxyphil Cells/pathology , Atrioventricular Block/etiology , Hypercalcemia/etiology
6.
CES med ; 35(2): 156-164, mayo-ago. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1364611

ABSTRACT

Resumen El síncope es el principal síntoma que presentan los pacientes con bloqueo aurículo-ventricular completo paroxístico y puede obedecer a una serie de etiologías intrínsecas o extrínsecas. Los bloqueos son causa de disfunción importante, con alta carga de morbilidad, incluso en pacientes sin cardiopatía isquémica o anomalía estructural de base. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con corazón estructuralmente normal, quien ingresó para estudio de síncope y durante el monitoreo Holter de 24 horas se documentó bloqueo aurículo-ventricular completo paroxístico, por lo cual se procedió al implante de un marcapasos bicameral, con muy buena respuesta a la intervención. Los bloqueos aurículo-ventricular completos pueden ser paroxísticos o permanentes y la única forma de diferenciarlos son los hallazgos electrocardiográficos. Es muy importante realizar el diagnóstico de bloqueo aurículo-ventricular completo, bien sea paroxístico o definitivo, porque el único tratamiento es el implante de un dispositivo de estimulación eléctrica cardíaca.


Abstract Syncope is the main symptom presented by patients with paroxysmal complete atrioventricular block, and it may be due to several intrinsic or extrinsic etiologies. AV blocks are a major cause of dysfunction, with a high burden of disease, even in patients without ischemic heart disease or underlying structural abnormality. The case of a patient with a structurally normal heart is presented, who was admitted for a syncope study and during a 24-hour Holter monitoring, a paroxysmal complete AV block was documented, which led to the implantation of a bicameral pacemaker and had a very good response to the procedure. Complete AV blocks can be paroxysmal or permanent, and the only way to differentiate them is by electrocardiographic findings. It is very important to make the diagnosis of complete AV block, either paroxysmal or permanent, because the only treatment is the implantation of a cardiovascular implantable electronic device.

7.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 81(2): 154-158, June 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1287265

ABSTRACT

Resumen La enfermedad de Chagas es endémica en América Latina y sigue siendo un problema regional a pesar de que su frecuencia ha disminuido gracias a importantes avances en salud ambiental. Para determinar su frecuencia en pacientes con enfermedades miocárdicas de El Salvador, se llevó a cabo una in vestigación observacional retrospectiva en nuestro hospital que es un centro de referencia de nivel nacional. Se revisó el registro del Laboratorio de Chagas en el período 2013-2015 para conocer cuántos individuos internados en la Unidad Cardiológica eran positivos por serología para infección chagásica y cuáles fueron sus diagnósticos. Se realizó un total de 1472 pruebas a pacientes individuales durante los 36 meses del período de estudio. De los 557 pacientes con serología positiva para Chagas, 97 (17.4%) fueron eventualmente hospitalizados en la Unidad Cardiológica. A su vez, estos 97 pacientes representaron el 33.7% de los 288 pacientes con cardiopatías. Entre los 97 con cardiopatía chagásica, 40 (41.2%) cumplieron criterios para colocación de marcapaso permanente, mientras que solo 13 de 191 (6.8%) enfermos con cardiopatías no chagásicas cumplieron esos criterios. La frecuencia de bloqueos auriculoventriculares asociados a infección por Trypanosoma cruzi resultó mucho mayor que las publicadas en estudios previos realizados en Sudamérica.


Abstract Chagas disease is endemic in Latin America and remains a regional problem despite improvements in en vironmental health conditions that have helped to control its transmission. To know more about its prevalence in heart disease patients, we carried out a survey in our national (El Salvador) reference hospital. We reviewed the Chagas Lab´s records 2013-2015 to find out how many of the patients admitted to the Hospital´s Heart Unit were serologically positives for Trypanosoma cruzi infection and which the associated diagnoses were. A total of 1472 patients were tested along the 36-month study period. Out of 557 (37.8%) patients with positive serology for Chagas infection, 97 (17.4%) were eventually admitted to the Heart Unit. Among these 97 Chagas infected patients with heart disease, 40 (41.2%) met the criteria for permanent pacemaker placement, while only 13 of 191 (6.8%) patients with non-chagasic heart disease met these criteria. The frequency of heart atrioventricular block associated with Trypanosoma cruzi infection was higher than frequencies reported in South American studies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Trypanosoma cruzi , Chagas Disease/diagnosis , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Atrioventricular Block/etiology , Atrioventricular Block/epidemiology , El Salvador , Latin America
8.
CorSalud ; 12(4): 463-467, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1278964

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Las manifestaciones cardiológicas del dengue son muy variadas, el virus puede penetrar al miocardio y producir una miocarditis aguda que, en ocasiones, puede pasar inadvertida y cursar de manera asintomática, con una evolución benigna; y en otras, puede producir alteraciones electrocardiográficas de trastornos del ritmo y la conducción o signos de disfunción ventricular que pueden llegar a la insuficiencia cardíaca grave. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 21 años de edad, estudiante, con historia previa de salud, que ingresó en el Servicio de Cardiología con diagnóstico de dengue, confirmado por serología, complicado con un trastorno de la conducción (bloqueo aurículo-ventricular de grado avanzado 2:1) en relación a una miocarditis aguda por dengue. Este problema puede observarse en áreas en las que el dengue constituye un problema emergente, por lo que es de vital importancia su conocimiento para diseñar estrategias de prevención y tratamiento de las complicaciones.


ABSTRACT Dengue's cardiological manifestations are diverse; the virus is able to enter the myocardium and cause acute myocarditis that sometimes may go unnoticed and be asymptomatic, with benign outcomes; while in others, it may produce electrocardiographic rhythm and conduction disturbances or signs of ventricular dysfunction that could lead to severe heart failure. We present the case of a 21-year-old man, a student, previously healthy, who was admitted to the Department of Cardiology with a diagnosis of dengue confirmed by serology and complicated with conduction disorders (2:1 advanced atrioventricular block) related to acute myocarditis due to dengue. This problem can be seen in areas where dengue is an emerging problem. Therefore it is critical to be aware of it in order to design strategies for prevention and treatment of complications.


Subject(s)
Dengue , Atrioventricular Block , Myocarditis
9.
Cir Cir ; 88(4): 511-513, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32567602

ABSTRACT

The right coronary artery involvement occurs in 1-2% of aortic dissection and may cause atrioventricular (AV) block due to obstruction of blood supply to the AV node. A 59-year-old man with a history of hypertension presented to the emergency department with chest pain and complete AV block. After the diagnostic approach, aortic dissection Stanford A was diagnosed. Aortic dissection must be suspected in hypertensive patients who present with AV block and chest pain.


La obstrucción de la coronaria derecha debida a extensión de disección aórtica ocurre en el 1 a 2% de los casos y puede ocasionar bloqueo auriculoventricular. En este caso se presenta a un paciente de 59 años con antecedente de hipertensión que acudió al servicio de urgencias por dolor precordial y bloqueo auriculoventricular completo. Tras el abordaje inicial se diagnosticó disección aórtica (Stanford A). Se debe sospechar la presencia de disección aórtica en pacientes con descontrol hipertensivo, bloqueo auriculoventricular completo y dolor torácico.


Subject(s)
Aortic Aneurysm/complications , Aortic Dissection/complications , Atrioventricular Block/etiology , Aortic Dissection/diagnostic imaging , Aortic Aneurysm/diagnostic imaging , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/diagnostic imaging , Atrioventricular Block/diagnostic imaging , Electrocardiography , Humans , Hypertension/complications , Male , Middle Aged , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
10.
Rev. cienc. med. Pinar Rio ; 24(3): e4378, mayo.-jun. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1126213

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: el implante de marcapasos permanente sigue una tendencia al alza en los últimos años. El aumento de la esperanza de vida implica una mayor incidencia de enfermedades degenerativas, que implican la mayoría de los implantes. Objetivo: caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente a los pacientes con implantación de marcapasos permanente en el servicio de Cardiología del Hospital General Docente o Clínico Quirúrgico Docente "Celia Sánchez Manduley", de enero 2017 - diciembre 2018. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo en pacientes a los cuales se les realizó implantación de marcapasos. La población en estudio la constituyeron los 132 pacientes sometidos al proceder. Se calculó la frecuencia absoluta, media aritmética con desviación estándar y cálculo porcentual. Resultados: el grupo etario más afectado fue el de 81 - 90 (38,6 %) y el sexo masculino (52,2 %). Se realizó por vena cefálica el 52,2 %, en tiempo quirúrgico predominante de una a dos horas (60,5 %). Prevalecieron los pacientes con síncope, (58,3 %). El 31,8% de las indicaciones fue por bloqueo auriculoventricular de tercer grado. La complicación más frecuente fue la infección (52,2 %). Conclusiones: la implantación de marcapasos fue más frecuente en hombres y en pacientes con edad entre 81 y 90 años. La vía más empleada fue la vena cefálica. Se emplearon de una a dos horas en el proceder. La mayoría de los pacientes acudieron por síncope. La principal indicación fue el bloqueo auriculoventricular de tercer grado. La infección fue la más frecuente de las complicaciones.


ABSTRACT Introduction: the implantation of permanent pacemakers follows an upward trend in recent years. The increase in life expectancy implies a higher incidence of degenerative diseases, which cause most implants. Objective: to characterize clinical and epidemiologically patients with permanent pacemaker implantation in Cardiology Service at Celia Sánchez Manduley Hospital from January 2017 - December 2018. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study in patients with permanent pacemakers implantations in the Cardiology Service at Celia Sánchez Manduley Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018. The study population comprised 132 patients who underwent this procedure. Absolute frequency, arithmetic mean with standard deviation and percentage calculation were performed. Results: the most affected age group was 81-90 (38,6 %) and male sex (52,2 %). The most used route was cephalic vein dissection (52,2 %) and the predominant surgical time was 1 to 2 hours in 60,5 %. There was a prevalence of patients with syncope (58,3%). Thirty-one percent of the indications were for third-degree atrioventricular block. The most frequent complication was infection. Conclusions: permanent pacemakers was more frequent implanted in men and in patients between 81 and 90 years old. The most used route was the cephalic vein. The procedure lasted one to two hours. The most frequent cause for admission was syncope. The main indication was in the third degree atrioventricular block. Infection was the most frequent of the complications.

11.
Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) ; 73(7): 554-560, 2020 Jul.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31964605

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Atrioventricular block (AVB) in the presence of bradycardic drugs (BD) can be reversible, and pacemaker implantation is controversial. Our objective was to analyze the pacemaker implantation rate in the mid-term, after BD suspension, and to identify predictive factors. METHODS: We performed a cohort study that included patients attending the emergency department with high-grade AVB in the context of BD. We studied the persistence of AVB after BD discontinuation, recurrence in patients with AVB resolution, and the predictive variables associated with pacemaker requirement at 3 years. RESULTS: Of 127 patients included (age, 79 [71-83] years), BAV resolved in 60 (47.2%); among these patients, recurrence occurred during the 24-month median follow-up in 40 (66.6%). Pacemaker implantation was required in 107 patients (84.3%), despite BD discontinuation. On multivariable analysis, the variables associated with pacemaker need at 3 years were heart rate <35 bpm (OR, 8.12; 95%CI, 1.82-36.17), symptoms other than syncope (OR, 4.09; 95%CI, 1.18-14.13), and wide QRS (OR, 5.65; 95%CI, 1.77-18.04). Concomitant antiarrhythmic treatment was associated with AVB resolution (OR, 0.12; 95%CI, 0.02-0.66). CONCLUSIONS: More than 80% of patients with AVB secondary to BD require pacemaker implantation despite drug discontinuation. Predictive variables were wide QRS, heart rate <35 bpm, and clinical presentation other than syncope.


Subject(s)
Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Atrioventricular Block/epidemiology , Atrioventricular Block/etiology , Bradycardia/therapy , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Pacemaker, Artificial , Syncope/complications , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Atrioventricular Block/therapy , Bradycardia/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Humans , Treatment Outcome
12.
Rev. pediatr. electrón ; 15(3): 23-28, oct. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-998201

ABSTRACT

Se trata de paciente masculino de 2 años, asintomático que en control de rutina se evidencia bradicardia (40lpm). Mediante electrocardiograma se realiza el diagnóstico de bloqueo auriculoventricular completo (BAVC). Se realiza ecocardiograma sin alteración funcional ni estructural. Por lo antes mencionado se concluye como un BAVC congénito aislado en un paciente asintomático con una frecuencia ventricular insuficiente por lo que se le implantó un marcapasos permanente (modo VVI) sin complicaciones.


A 2-year-old male patient, asymptomatic with bradycardia (40bpm) in a routine examination. Using electrocardiogram the diagnosis of complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) was made. Echocardiogram was performed and showed no functional or structural disease. We conclude like an asymptomatic congenital isolated CAVB with insufficient ventricular rate, for this reason a permanent pacemaker (VVI mode) was implanted, without complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Atrioventricular Block/diagnosis , Atrioventricular Block/therapy , Pacemaker, Artificial , Echocardiography , Electrocardiography
13.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 115(5): 291-293, oct. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-887379

ABSTRACT

La ataxia-telangiectasia es una entidad caracterizada por un cuadro de ataxia cerebelosa progresiva, telangiectasias, defectos inmunológicos y una mayor tendencia al desarrollo de tumores malignos. La mutación genética responsable (ataxia-telangiectasia mutada) parece jugar un papel importante en la función celular normal y el remodelado cardiovascular. Se describe la aparición de una arritmia maligna en un paciente de 14 años con un diagnóstico de ataxia-telangiectasia, en remisión completa de linfoma no Hodgkin B de alto grado. Consultó en el Servicio de Urgencias Pediátricas por episodios de presíncope, y se observó, al ingresar, bloqueo auriculoventricular completo que evolucionó hacia asistolia, por lo que requirió la colocación de un marcapasos definitivo. Las dosis acumuladas de fármacos cardiotóxicos recibidos fueron de bajo riesgo. Sin embargo, es posible que esta enfermedad degenerativa crónica afecte con el tiempo al tejido de citoconducción. En la bibliografía revisada, no existen o se desconocen reportes previos de arritmias malignas en pacientes con ataxia-telangiectasia.


Ataxia-telangiectasia is a disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia, telangiectasia, immunodeficiency, and increased predisposition to cancer susceptibility. Mutations in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene seem to play an important role in normal cell function and in cardiovascular remodeling. We report a case of a 14-year-old boy with ataxia-telangiectasia and high-grade B-non-Hodgkin lymphoma who remained in continuous complete remission after chemotherapy and who was admitted into our Emergency Room presenting with episodes of presyncope. At admission he presented a complete atrioventricular block that evolved into asystole and required placement of a pacemaker. Cumulative cardiotoxic drugs received were at low risk. However, it is possible that this chronic degenerative disease may affect the cardiac conduction system over time. In the reviewed literature there are no or unknown reports of ataxia-telangiectasia with malignant cardiac arrhythmias.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Ataxia Telangiectasia/complications , Heart Arrest/etiology , Heart Block/etiology
14.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 83(3): 1-10, June 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-957609

ABSTRACT

background: Percutaneous septal ablation is a therapeutic option for patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy refrac-tory to optimal medical therapy. However, results of initial persistence and long-term safety are still controversial. Objectives: The aim of this study was to report percutaneous alcohol septal ablation technique, clinical and functional outcome, cardiovascular events and its impact on long-term follow-up. Methods: A total of 23 patients were included in the study. Functional class (FC), left ventricular outflow tract gradient before and after the procedure and long-term cardiovascular events were evaluated. results: Median follow-up was 52 months (IR 33-72). All patients were in FC III or IV prior to the procedure, under maximum tolerated medical therapy. The procedure was successful in 91% of cases, with 85% of patients currently in FC I and 15% in FC II. Baseline left ventricular outflow tract gradient decreased from 75 mmHg (95% CI 51-89) to 25 mmHg (95% CI 10-37) (p <0.003) and with Valsalva maneuver from 118 mmHg (95% CI 88-152) to 38 mmHg (95% CI 16-69) (p <0.0002), persisting in the long-term follow-up. During hospitalization, two patients presented with complete atrioventricular block requiring permanent pacemaker implantation. No cardiovascular deaths occurred during follow up. Conclusions: Alcohol septal ablation is a promising option for the treatment of a selected population with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, generating sustained clinical and functional improvement with low incidence of events in the long-term follow up.

15.
Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol ; 33(6): 346-51, 2014.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24862658

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Regadenoson is a recently approved selective adenosine-2A receptor agonist to induce pharmacological stress in myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) procedures using a single bolus injection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included 123 patients referred for MPI because of suspected coronary arterial disease (CAD). Of these, 66 patients underwent a regadenoson stress test and 57 patients underwent an adenosine stress test preceding standard myocardial SPECT imaging. Technicians, physicians and patients were asked to report their experience using questionnaires. RESULTS: As compared to adenosine, regadenoson did not produce any atrio-ventricular block (0 vs. 10% with adenosine), but did produce minor tachycardia and minimal blood pressure changes while all other side effects were milder and shorter. There were fewer patients with severe complaints after taking regadenoson than adenosine (17% vs. 32%, respectively, p<0.01). The most frequent complaint reported was dyspnea, followed by flushing and chest pain. However, when they did occur, they usually disappeared rapidly. The overall symptom score, including severity and duration of side effects, was significantly lower after regadenoson than after adenosine (6.7±6.3 vs. 10.0±7.9, respectively; p<0.01.) SPECT imaging results were similar. The regadenoson procedure was faster and more practical. CONCLUSION: Regadenoson, the new selective adenosine-2A receptor agonist, is a stress agent for MPI with a patient- and department friendly profile.


Subject(s)
Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology , Coronary Disease/diagnostic imaging , Exercise Test/methods , Myocardial Perfusion Imaging/methods , Purines/pharmacology , Pyrazoles/pharmacology , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/methods , Adenosine/adverse effects , Adenosine/pharmacology , Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists/administration & dosage , Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists/adverse effects , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Atrioventricular Block/chemically induced , Dyspnea/chemically induced , Female , Flushing/chemically induced , Heart/drug effects , Humans , Injections, Intravenous , Male , Middle Aged , Netherlands , Purines/administration & dosage , Purines/adverse effects , Pyrazoles/administration & dosage , Pyrazoles/adverse effects , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tachycardia/chemically induced
16.
Med Intensiva ; 38(9): 575-9, 2014 Dec.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24786750

ABSTRACT

Technology and insertion techniques for cardiac temporary internal pacing have experienced a remarkable development over the last few years. Despite this fact, the procedure continues to have potentially fatal associated complications. Temporary internal pacing is indicated for the treatment of bradyarrhythmias or tachyarrhythmias refractory to conventional treatment, or arrhythmias causing cardiovascular or clinical instability of the patient. On the other hand, the indications of temporary cardiac pacing are far less well defined than those of permanent pacing. Since the decision of implementing temporary pacing is complex and delicate, it should always be carefully considered, and over-indication should be avoided. We must base these decisions on robust knowledge of the arrhythmias that may benefit from temporary internal pacing, and should also acquire the habit of considering external temporary pacing among other less aggressive treatments, and to make the best use of new technologies such as echocardiography that add accuracy to the procedure.


Subject(s)
Arrhythmias, Cardiac/surgery , Pacemaker, Artificial , Humans , Pacemaker, Artificial/adverse effects , Prosthesis Implantation/adverse effects , Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Time Factors , Veins
17.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 81(5): 275-82, 2014 Nov.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24548871

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to review the current management and outcomes of fetal bradycardia in 9 Spanish centers. METHODS: Retrospective multicenter study: analysis of all fetuses with bradycardia diagnosed between January 2008 and September 2010. Underlying mechanisms of fetal bradyarrhythmias were studied with echocardiography. RESULTS: A total of 37 cases were registered: 3 sinus bradycardia, 15 blocked atrial bigeminy, and 19 high grade atrioventricular blocks. Sinus bradycardia: 3 cases (100%) were associated with serious diseases. Blocked atrial bigeminy had an excellent outcome, except for one case with post-natal tachyarrhythmia. Of the atrioventricular blocks, 16% were related to congenital heart defects with isomerism, 63% related to the presence of maternal SSA/Ro antibodies, and 21% had unclear etiology. Overall mortality was 20% (37%, if terminations of pregnancy are taken into account). Risk factors for mortality were congenital heart disease, hydrops and/or ventricular dysfunction. Management strategies differed among centers. Steroids were administrated in 73% of immune-mediated atrioventricular blocks, including the only immune-mediated IInd grade block. More than half (58%) of atrioventricular blocks had a pacemaker implanted in a follow-up of 18 months. CONCLUSIONS: Sustained fetal bradycardia requires a comprehensive study in all cases, including those with sinus bradycardia. Blocked atrial bigeminy has a good prognosis, but tachyarrhythmias may develop. Heart block has significant mortality and morbidity rates, and its management is still highly controversial.


Subject(s)
Bradycardia/diagnosis , Bradycardia/therapy , Fetal Diseases/diagnosis , Fetal Diseases/therapy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Retrospective Studies , Spain
18.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 41(4): 298-301, oct.-dic. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-698797

ABSTRACT

Objetivo:Realizar una revisión de la literatura del bloqueo cardiaco auriculoventricular completo o de tercer grado en colecistectomía laparoscópica, describir su incidencia, su etiología y actualizar su manejo. Material y métodos:Se presenta el caso de un paciente con paro cardiaco secundario a un bloqueo cardiaco completo de complejo ancho durante una colecistectomía laparoscópica, su manejo y desenlace. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en Pub Med, Scielo y Bireme. Resultados: El bloqueo cardiaco auriculoventricular completo o grado III paroxístico es una entidad poco frecuente y que puede ser desencadenada por estímulos vagales quirúrgicos (estrés quirúrgico, neumoperitoneo) y no quirúrgicos (masaje carotídeo, tos, ejercicio, vómito y deglución) además de los debidos a isquemia miocárdica y anomalías de conducción cardiaca. Este el primer caso en nuestra institución, existiendo en la literatura médica mundial pocos casos descritos y ninguno a nivel nacional. Condusiones:Se requiere un mayor conocimiento y experiencia del anestesiólogo en relación al diagnóstico y manejo del bloqueo cardiaco completo en colecistectomía laparoscópica, que constituye la cirugía laparoscópica más frecuente mundialmente. La utilización de anestesia peridural asociada a anestesia general para procedimientos quirúrgicos abdominales altos y torácicos disminuye en 5 veces la aparición de arritmias cardiacas postoperatorias. En los pacientes ASA 3 y 4 con comorbilidad cardiovascular se recomiendan 3 puntos de cuidado: considerar monitorización invasiva de la presión arterial, cabecera a 10 grados y limitar la presión de neumoperitoneo a 7 mmHg.


Objective: To undertake a literature reviewon third-degree complete atrioventricularblock in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, describing its incidence, etiology and management update. Materials and methods: This is a case discussion of a patient with cardiac arrest following complete wide-complex heart block during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, its manage-ment, and outcomes. The literature search included PubMed, Scielo and Bireme. Results:Complete or third degree paroxysmal AV block is a rare occurrence that may be triggered by surgical vagal stimuli (surgical stress, pneumoperitoneum) and by non-surgical stimuli (carotid massage, coughing, exercise, vomiting and swallowing), in addition to sti-muli frommyocardial ischemia and cardiac conduction anomalies. This is the first case in our institution but there are very few cases described in the world literature and none at the national level. Conclusions:Enhanced knowledge and experience of the anesthesiologist is required for the diagnosis and management of complete heart block in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which is the most frequent laparoscopic surgical procedure worldwide. The use of epidural anesthesia associated with general anesthesia for upper abdominal and chest surgery reduces by five fold the occurrence of postoperative cardiac arrhythmia. Three safety measures are recommended for ASA 3 and 4 patients with cardiovascular comorbidity: consider invasive blood pressure monitoring, head at 10 and limit the pneumoperitoneal pressure to 7 mmHg.


Subject(s)
Humans
19.
Rev. mex. cardiol ; 24(3): 144-146, jul.-sept. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-714454

ABSTRACT

El bloqueo auriculoventricular es un retardo o interrupción del impulso eléctrico proveniente del nodo sinusal a nivel del nódulo auriculoventricular. Es congénito en uno de cada 20,000-25,000 nacidos vivos. Secundario a desarrollo embrionario anormal del nodo auriculoventricular asociado a anomalías cardiacas estructurales o por isoinmunización materna con anticuerpos que dan daño inmunológico irreversible del tejido cardiaco del feto, por inflamación y fibrosis. Los factores de mal pronóstico son: coexistencia con malformaciones cardiovasculares, insuficiencia cardiaca, frecuencia ventricular menor de 50 por min, bradicardia durante el sueño menos de 30 por min, marcapaso bajo o cambiante, QT prolongado. En asintomáticos, se recomienda seguimiento con monitoreo y ecocardiografía. Las indicaciones de marcapasos permanente son: ritmo de escape con complejos anchos, ectopia y disfunción ventricular, QT largo, cardiomegalia y auriculomegalia derecha.


The atrioventricular block is a delay or interruption of the electrical impulse from the sinusal node, to level of the auriculoventricular nodule is a congenital (BAVC), in one of every 20,000-25,000 born alive. Secondary to an abnormal embryonic development of the node AV, associated with structural cardiac abnormalities or for maternal is immunization with antibodies that cause immunological irreversible damage in the fetal heart tissue, by inflammation and subsequent fibrosis. The factors of worst prognosis are: Coexistence with cardiovascular malformations, heart failure, ventricular frequency below 50 per minute, bradycardia less than 30 per minute during sleep, pacemaker under or changing, long QT. In asymptomatic patient, it is recommended monitoring and follow-up with echocardiography. Indications for permanent pacemaker are: escape rhythm with wide complex, ectopy and ventricular dysfunction, long QT, cardiomegaly and right atrial dilatation.

20.
Rev. urug. cardiol ; 28(2): 225-234, ago. 2013. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-962317

ABSTRACT

Resumen Finalidades: la intervención percutánea coronaria primaria (pPCI, por sus siglas en inglés) ha reemplazado la trombolisis como tratamiento de elección para el infarto de miocardo con elevación del segmento ST (STEMI por sus siglas en inglés). Sin embargo, la incidencia y la importancia pronóstica del bloqueo aurículoventricular de alto grado (BAV-AG) en pacientes con STEMI en la era de pPCI han sido poco estudiadas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la incidencia, los predictores y la importancia pronóstica of BAV-AG en pacientes con STEMI tratados con pPCI. Métodos y resultados: este estudio incluyó 2073 pacientes con STEMI tratado con pPCI. Los pacientes fueron identificados a través de un registro hospitalario y el Registro Nacional de Pacientes de Dinamarca. Ambos registros se usaron también para establecer el diagnóstico de BAV-AG. La mortalidad por todas las causas fue la variable evaluable primaria. Durante un seguimiento con una mediana de 2,9 años [rango del intercuartil (IQR): 1,8-4,0] fallecieron 266 pacientes. Se documentó bloqueo aurículoventricular de alto grado en 67 (3,2%) pacientes, 25 de los cuales murieron. Entre los predictores independientes importantes de presentar BAV-AG, se incluyeron la oclusión de la arteria coronaria derecha, edad >65 años, género femenino, hipertensión, y diabetes. La tasa de mortalidad ajustada aumentó significativamente en pacientes con BAV-AG comparado con pacientes sin BAV-AG [cociente de riesgos instantáneos » 3,14 (intervalo de confianza 95%: 2,04-4,84), P < 0,001]. Un análisis relevante 30 días después del STEMI mostró iguales tasas de mortalidad en los dos grupos. Conclusión: la incidencia de BAV-AG en pacientes con STEMI tratado con pPCI se ha reducido comparado con los informes de la era trombolítica. Sin embargo, a pesar de esta mejora, en la era de pPCI el bloqueo AV de alto grado sigue siendo un marcador pronóstico severo. La tasa de mortalidad solo aumentó dentro de los primeros 30 días. Los pacientes con bloqueo aurículoventricular de alto grado que sobrevivieron más allá de este punto temporal tuvieron así un pronóstico igual al de los pacientes sin BAV-AG


Summary Aims: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) has replaced thrombolysis as treatment-of-choice for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the incidence and prognostic significance of high-degree atrioventricular block (HAVB) in STEMI patients in the pPCI era has been only sparsely investigated. The objective of this study was to assess the incidence, predictors and prognostic significance of HAVB in STEMI patients treated with pPCI. Methods and results: This study included 2073 STEMI patients treated with pPCI. The patients were identified through a hospital register and the Danish National Patient Register. Both registers were also used to establish the diagnosis of HAVB. All-cause mortality was the primary endpoint. During a median follow-up of 2.9 years [interquartile range (IQR) 1.8-4.0] 266 patients died. High-degree atrioventricular block was documented in 67 (3.2%) patients of whom 25 died. Significant independent predictors of HAVB included right coronary artery occlusion, age .65 years, female gender, hypertension, and diabetes. The adjusted mortality rate was significantly increased in patients with HAVB compared to patients without HAVB [hazard ratio = 3.14 (95% confidence interval 2.04-4.84), P < 0.001]. A landmark-analysis 30 days post-STEMI showed equal mortality rates in the two groups. Conclusion: The incidence of HAVB in STEMI patients treated with pPCI has been reduced compared with reports from the thrombolytic era. However, despite this improvement high-degree AV block remains a severe prognostic marker in the pPCI era. The mortality rate was only increased within the first 30 days. High-degree atrioventricular block patients who survived beyond this time-point thus had a prognosis equal to patients without HAVB

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