ABSTRACT
The combination of drugs and routes of administration produces a synergistic effect, and one of the most important components of multimodal analgesic strategies are, therefore, nerve blocks for pain management. The effect of a local anaesthetic can be prolonged by administering an adjuvant. In this systematic review, we included studies on adjuvants associated with local anaesthetics in peripheral nerve blocks published in the last 5 years in order to evaluate their effectiveness. The results were reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. The 79 studies selected using our criteria showed a clear prevalence of dexamethasone (n=24) and dexmedetomidine (n=33) over other adjuvants. Different meta-analyses comparing adjuvants suggest that dexamethasone administered perineurally achieves superior blockade with fewer side effects than dexmedetomidine. Based on the studies reviewed, we found moderate evidence to recommend the use of dexamethasone as an adjuvant to peripheral regional anaesthesia in surgeries that can cause moderate to severe pain.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Conduction , Dexmedetomidine , Nerve Block , Dexmedetomidine/adverse effects , Anesthesia, Conduction/methods , Anesthetics, Local , Nerve Block/methods , DexamethasoneABSTRACT
La combinación de fármacos y vías de administración consigue un efecto sinérgico, por eso las estrategias analgésicas multimodales incorporan bloqueos periféricos como componente imprescindible para un buen control del dolor. La asociación de un coadyuvante al anestésico local prolongaría su efecto. Esta revisión sistemática ha incluido estudios sobre coadyuvantes asociados a anestésicos locales en bloqueos periféricos publicados en los últimos cinco años. El objetivo principal ha sido evaluar su eficacia. Los resultados de la búsqueda se informaron de acuerdo con los elementos PRISMA. Los 79 artículos seleccionados según criterios, mostraron una clara prevalencia de dexametasona (n=24) y dexmedetomidina (n=33) sobre los demás coadyuvantes. Diferentes metaanálisis que comparan a los coadyuvantes sugieren un bloqueo de características superiores y menores efectos adversos con dexametasona vs. dexmedetomidina perineuralmente. Con base en los estudios, encontramos una evidencia moderada en el empleo de dexametasona como coadyuvante de la anestesia regional periférica en cirugías que generen dolor moderado- severo, lo que haría recomendable su empleo.(AU)
The combination of drugs and routes of administration produces a synergistic effect, and one of the most important components of multimodal analgesic strategies are, therefore, nerve blocks for pain management. The effect of a local anaesthetic can be prolonged by administering an adjuvant. In this systematic review, we included studies on adjuvants associated with local anaesthetics in peripheral nerve blocks published in the last 5 years in order to evaluate their effectiveness. The results were reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. The 79 studies selected using our criteria showed a clear prevalence of dexamethasone (n=24) and dexmedetomidine (n=33) over other adjuvants. Different meta-analyses comparing adjuvants suggest that dexamethasone administered perineurally achieves superior blockade with fewer side effects than dexmedetomidine. Based on the studies reviewed, we found moderate evidence to recommend the use of dexamethasone as an adjuvant to peripheral regional anaesthesia in surgeries that can cause moderate to severe pain.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Anesthesia, Conduction , Anesthetics, Combined , Nerve Block , Anesthetics, Local , Pain, Postoperative , Analgesics, Opioid , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , AnesthesiologyABSTRACT
We introduce a case report of a woman that was operated of foot surgery under locoregional anesthesia with an echo-guided peripheral sciatic-popliteal nerve block. As post operatory complication a peroneal nerve injury was noticed. We revised differential diagnosis of peripheral nerve block and therapeutic strategy we should take. In our case the finding was a high degree axonotmesis secondary to extrinsic compressure due to pneumatic tourniquet placed in the ankle used during surgery. There was no relationship with the anesthetic technique.
