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Objective: Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome that occurs with age and is characterized by a gradual decline in muscle mass, power, and functionality. It serves as a prominent contributor to frailty, disability, and mortality among older individuals. Currently, no standardized global guidelines exist for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. This study aimed to establish the correlation between sarcopenia and the constitutions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), considering the connection between physical functioning and sarcopenia. Methods: A total of 1441 participants in this study were diagnosed with sarcopenia. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) proposed a sarcopenia definition algorithm. To determine the constitution of each participant, classification and determination standards were used in traditional Chinese medicine. This study evaluated the demographics, lifestyles, and self-reported medical history of individuals diagnosed with sarcopenia through a self-administered questionnaire. The constitution of the participants was determined using TCM classification and determination standards. Subsequently, we analyzed the results of univariate analysis and multivariate regression and constructed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Participants who were diagnosed with sarcopenia had substantially lower original Neutral constitution scores (P < 0.050). In comparison to those without sarcopenia, individuals with sarcopenia exhibited notably elevated original Qi-deficiency, Yang-deficiency, Yin-deficiency, Blood-stagnation, and Qi-stagnation scores in contrast to those in the healthy group (P < 0.050). The identified risk factors associated with sarcopenia included the following: Neutral (OR = 0.903), Qi-deficiency (in males, OR = 1.126), Yang-deficiency (OR = 1.062), Phlegm-dampness (in males, OR = 0.833), and Blood-stagnation (in females, OR = 1.089). The highest area under the curve (AUC) was observed for the original neutral constitution score, followed by the Yang-deficiency and blood-stagnation scores (0.644, 0.613, and 0.611, respectively). Additionally, the AUC for the combined original scores of all nine constitutions among males reached 0.778. Conclusions: In this cross-sectional study of older people with higher original Qi-deficiency, Yin deficiency, Yang-deficiency, Blood-stagnation, and Qi-stagnation were associated with sarcopenia. Notably, various TCM constitutions are significantly linked to sarcopenia. There was a significant occurrence of various body constitution types among individuals diagnosed with sarcopenia. The mixture of the nine original constitution scores exhibited good diagnostic performance for sarcopenia in males.
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Abstract@#To help children and adolescents grow up healthily, using literature, comparative analysis and other research methods, the historical development of Japan s physical fitness assessment system for children and adolescents are analyzed for the content structure of the latest version of its physical fitness assessment system (Sports adaptability assessment Ⅱ). On the basis of this analysis, some practical suggestions are proposed for improving the National Physical Fitness Standards for Students in China, such as adding a physical fitness assessment system for preschoolers, grouping the test subjects by age and setting common test indicators for males and females. Thus, the improved National Student Physical Fitness Standard is more aligned with the physical and mental growth patterns of Chinese children and adolescents.
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Objective@#To understand the relationship between daily exercise load and physical fitness of primary school students, so as to provide relevant theoretical basis for the development of on campus physical education plans and the improvement of procedural physical health management for elementary school students.@*Methods@#A total of 223 students from 6 classes in a primary school in Beijing were selected by a stratified random cluster sampling method from May to June 2023. The daily exercise load of the students was monitored by Polar Verity Sense heart rate armband. The duration of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and daily Training Impulse (TRIMP) value were calculated, and the related indexes of daily exercise load were analyzed. Chi square test and univariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the correlation between daily exercise load and physical fitness assessment levels, and multi factor ordinal Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of physical fitness assessment levels.@*Results@#The average time spent in MVPA was (21.65±17.48) min. The TRIMP value was (361.47±124.81). The time spent in MVPA of primary school students in outdoor class, zero point sports, recess and after class PE were ( 8.86 ±8.56, 9.41±10.47, 1.97±3.12, 2.46±2.57) min, respectively. TRIMP values were (68.89±20.84, 72.83±30.27, 51.68±18.23, 19.99±5.78) in outdoor class, zero point sports, recess and after class PE, respectively. The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in physical fitness levels among students with different genders, grades, and BMI ( χ 2=7.13, 19.04, 32.98, P <0.05). The duration of daily MVPA, along with TRIMP value during outdoor class, zero point sports, recess, and after PE class were all statistically significant with physical fitness levels ( OR =1.07, 1.05, 1.02, 1.03, 1.11, P <0.05). The results of multi factor ordinal Logistic regression analysis showed that the primary school grade (lower grade: OR =9.24, middle grade: OR =7.81), BMI (abnormal: OR =0.21), duration of daily MVPA in school ( OR =1.06), and TRIMP value during outdoor class ( OR =1.05) were statistically significant with physical fitness levels ( P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#There is a positive correlation between physical fitness and different grades, BMI, daily exercise load, and outdoor exercise load. Increasing daily exercise load can improve students physical health. It is suggested to tailor the school sports program to suit primary school students, increase both the intensity and duration of school daily sports, and promote procedural physical health management for elementary school students.
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Resumo Este artigo de opinião consiste em uma entrevista realizada com Leonardo Peçanha, um homem negro trans, ativista no campo dos direitos humanos e dos direitos das pessoas trans e pesquisador do campo da Saúde Coletiva. Na conversa que se segue Leonardo Peçanha, de forma interseccional, reflete sobre o lugar da beleza, modificações corporais e atividade física no processo de transição de gênero de sujeitos homens trans e transmasculinos, como também toca no tema das (im)possibilidades das pessoas trans no campo dos esportes de alto rendimento e nos conta sobre o concurso de beleza Mister Trans Brasil.
Abstract This opinion article consists of an interview with Leonardo Peçanha, a Black trans man, a human rights and trans people rights activist and a researcher in Collective Health. In this interview, he reflects intersectionally on the place of beauty, body changes, and physical activity in the gender transition process of trans and transmasculine men. He discusses the (im)possibilities of trans people in high-performance sports and tells us about the Mister Trans Brazil beauty pageant contest.
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OBJECTIVE: To preliminary investigate the distribution of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution among patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and reveal the related factors with anxiety and depression. METHODS: Between July 2020 and June 2021, specialist doctor recruited AR patients in Beijing and Shanghai. A total of 630 patients admitted to participate in the survey, and 516 (81.9%) (male 54.3%, female 45.7%) participants completed the questionnaires. Three scales including Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7) and The Patient Health Queationaire-9 (PHQ-9) were applied. The χ2 and the Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate the classification data, multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the related factors of anxiety and depression. RESULTS: According to 516 AR patients, the most commonly first-constitution was Yang-deficiency (22.1%) and frequent of all constitutions was inherited-special (21.6%). One third of AR patients (33.5%) suffered from anxiety, nearly half of AR patients (46.5%) were found to be depressive. Inherited-special (27.7%) was the most common constitution in patients with anxiety whereas Yang-deficiency (26.7%) was most common constitution in patients with depression. Sex, duration of symptoms, balanced, Qi-deficiency, phlegm-dampness, Qi-stagnation, and inherited-special constitutions were related with anxiety; Sex, income, duration of symptoms, balanced, Qi-deficiency, Yang-deficiency, phlegm-dampness, Qi-stagnation, and inherited-special constitutions were related with depression. CONCLUSIONS: According to our study, the commonly constitution types of AR were Yang-deficiency and inherited-special. We found that the prevalence value of anxiety and depression were high. People with Qi-deficiency, phlegm-dampness, Qi-stagnation, and inherited-special constitutions were more likely to have mental problems than the others. Controlling these influential factors might be beneficial for clinical health management of AR patients, and the government should apply appropriate mental health treatment services to offer psychiatric support.
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Depression , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Humans , Male , Female , Depression/epidemiology , Body Constitution , China/epidemiology , Yang Deficiency , Anxiety/epidemiology , Anxiety DisordersABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: More efficient instruments for body constitution identification are needed for clinical practice. We aimed to develop the short-form version of the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ) and evaluate for health management. METHODS: First, the short forms were developed through expert survey, classical test theory (CTT), and modern item response (IRT) based on the CCMQ. A combination of e-mail and manual methods was used in expert survey. Then, five indexes of CTT including criteria value-critical ratio, correlation coefficient, discrete tendency, internal consistency, and factor loading were used. And, IRT method was used through analyzing the discrimination and difficulty parameters of items. Second, the three top-ranked items of each constitution scale were selected for the simplified CCMQ, based on the three combined methods of different conditions and weights. Third, The psychometric properties such as completion time, validity (Construct, criterion, and divergent validity), and reliability (test-retest and internal consistency reliability) were evaluated. Finally, the diagnostic validity of the best short-form used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: Three short-form editions were developed, and retained items 27, 23 and 27, which are named as WangQi nine body constitution questionnaire of Traditional Chinese Medicine (short-form) (SF-WQ9CCMQ)- A, B, and C, respectively. SF-WQ9CCMQ- A is showed the best psychometric property on Construct validity, Criterion validity, test-retest reliability and internal consistency reliability. The diagnostic validity indicated that the area under the ROC curve was 0.928 (95%CI: 0.924-0.932) for the Gentleness constitution scale, and were 0.895-0.969 and 0.911-0.981 for unbalance constitution scales using the cut-off value of the original CCMQ as 40 ("yes" standard) and 30 ("tendency" standard), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our study successfully developed a well short-form which has good psychometric property, and excellent diagnostic validity consistent with the original. New and simplified instrument and opportunity are provided for body constitution identification, health management and primary care implementation.
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BACKGROUND: The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Body Constitution Questionnaire (For Elderly People) (TCMECQ) is a patient-reported outcome questionnaire developed in Mandarin in 2013 to differentiate the body constitutions of the elderly aged 65 and above. Considering the cultural and linguistic differences between Mainland China and Hong Kong (HK) Special Administrative Region, the TCMECQ was translated into Cantonese following "back translation" policy and validated in proper process. METHODS: Ten Chinese Medicine Practitioners (CMPs) and 30 senior citizens aged 65 or above were recruited to evaluate the first version of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Body Constitution Questionnaire (For Elderly People) (Cantonese version) (TCMECQ-C). Based on their comments, the second version was developed and discussed in the panel meeting to form the third version, validated the third version on 270 recruited seniors. Based on the validation results, a panel of 5 experts finalized the Questionnaire as the final version. The TCMECQ-C developers finalized the Questionnaire as the validated endorsed third version (i.e. final version). RESULTS: The item-level content validity index of most items of the TCMECQ-C (First Version) were ranging from 0.80 to 1.00 in terms of clarity, relevance and appropriateness. Factor loadings of Qi-deficiency Constitution ranging from 0.37 to 0.71, Yang-deficiency Constitution ranging from 0.36 to 0.65, Yin-deficiency Constitution ranging from 0.36 to 0.65, and Stagnant Qi Constitution ranging from 0.68 to 0.82. The chi-squared degree-of-freedom ratio was 2.13 (928.63/436), Goodness-of-Fit Index (0.83), Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index (0.79), Normed Fit Index (0.66), Comparative Fit Index (0.78), Incremental Fit Index (0.78), Relative Fit Index (0.61) and Tucker-Lewis Index (0.75), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (0.07) and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (0.07), implied acceptable Confirmatory Factor Analysis model fit of the overall scale. A Pearson correlation coefficient (r) showed the sufficient convergent validity for excessive subscales (Phlegm-dampness Constitution and Dampness-heat Constitution with r = 0.35, p < 0.01). Cronbach's alpha coefficient ranged from 0.56 to 0.89, including Qi-deficiency Constitution (0.67), Yang-deficiency Constitution (0.84), Yin-deficiency Constitution (0.59), Stagnant Blood Constitution (0.56), Stagnant Qi Constitution (0.89), Inherited Special Constitution (0.76) and Balanced Constitution (0.73), indicating acceptable internal consistency for subscales. The intra-class correlation coefficients of the TCMECQ-C ranged from 0.70 to 0.87 (p < 0.001), indicating moderate to good test-retest reliability. CONCLUSION: TCMECQ-C is a valid and reliable questionnaire for assessing the body constitution in Cantonese elderly.
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BACKGROUND: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theories assert that body constitution and meridian energy lay the foundation for disease prevention. TCM-based health concepts have not yet been incorporated into mobile health (mHealth) apps for individuals with prediabetes. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a TCM mHealth app for individuals with prediabetes. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial recruited 121 individuals with prediabetes at a teaching hospital in New Taipei City between February 2020 and May 2021. The participants were randomly assigned to the TCM mHealth app group (n=42), ordinary mHealth app group (n=41), or control group (n=38). All participants received the usual care that included 15-20 minutes of health education about the disease, along with healthy diet and exercise encouragement. The ordinary mHealth app included physical activity (PA), diet, and disease education, along with individual records. The TCM mHealth app additionally included qi and body constitution information, along with constitution-based PA and diet advice. The control group received the usual care alone and did not have access to any app. Data were collected at baseline, at the end of the 12-week intervention, and 1 month after the intervention. Body constitution, including yang-deficiency, yin-deficiency, and phlegm-stasis, was measured according to the Body Constitution Questionnaire, with higher scores indicating a greater deficiency. Body energy was examined using the Meridian Energy Analysis Device. The Short-Form 36 questionnaire was used to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQOL), which yielded physical component scores and mental component scores, with higher scores indicating better physical and mental aspects of HRQOL, respectively. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the TCM mHealth app group showed greater improvement in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), yang-deficiency and phlegm-stasis body constitution, and BMI; however, no significant differences were found in these outcomes between the TCM mHealth app and ordinary mHealth app groups. The TCM mHealth app group showed better improvement in body energy and mental component scores than the ordinary mHealth app group. There were no significant differences in fasting plasma glucose, yin-deficiency body constitution, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary behavior, and total PA among the three groups after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Use of either the ordinary or TCM mHealth app improved HRQOL among individuals with prediabetes. Compared to the outcomes of controls not using any app, use of the TCM mHealth app was effective at improving HbA1c, BMI, yang-deficiency and phlegm-stasis body constitution, and HRQOL. Moreover, using the TCM mHealth app seemed to improve the body energy and HRQOL more than when using the ordinary mHealth app. Further studies with a larger sample size and longer follow-up period may be necessary to determine whether the differences favoring the TCM app are clinically meaningful. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04096989; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04096989.
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Mobile Applications , Prediabetic State , Telemedicine , Humans , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Prediabetic State/therapy , Quality of Life , Yin DeficiencyABSTRACT
Introduction: Rowing is a strength endurance type of sport, and morphology and mass are undoubtedly performance-related factors. Precisely identifying these morphological factors associated with performance, can assist the exercise scientists and coaches in selecting and developing talented athletes. There is however, a lack of anthropometric data collected at either World Championship or Olympic Games level. The aims of this study were to describe and compare the morphology and basic strength characteristic of male and female heavyweight and lightweight rowers competing at 2022 World Championship (18.-25. September, Racice, Czech Republic). Methods: A total of 68 athletes (of 46 male competitors: 15 competed in the lightweight category and 31 in the heavyweight category; of 22 female athletes: 6 competed in the lightweight category and 16 in the heavyweight category) were assessed using anthropometric methods, bioimpedance analysis and performed a hand-grip test. Results: Between heavyweight and lightweight male rowers there were a statistically and practically significant differences in all monitored aspects except the sport age, sitting height/body height ratio and arm span/body height ratio. Between heavyweight and lightweight female rowers there were also statistically and practically significant differences in all monitored aspects except the identical indicators as in male. Discussion: Within this research it can be argued that female rowers are in many anthropometric aspects more similar to their male counterparts than to female rowers in the lightweight category. In some anthropometric aspects (BMI, thigh girth, calf girth), female rowers are even more similar to male heavyweight than to male lightweight rowers. The physical characteristics of elite male and female lightweight rowers differ radically from those of heavyweight. From a practical point of view, this research can be used to determine what type of athletes should be recruited or selected for heavy category and what type for lightweight category in male and female rowing based on the somatotype.
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Objective@#To explore physical health status and influencing factors of preschool children in Tibet, so as to provide a scientific reference and theoretical basis for the healthy development of physical fitness.@*Methods@#Data were collected from children (3-6 years old) of Xizang national physical fitness monitoring, and a total of 1 521 preschool children were recruited who received questionnaire survey and physical fitness test. Independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the differences in physical fitness indexes of preschool children in different groups. Chi square test and binary Logistic regression model were used to analyze the factors affecting physical health of preschool children.@*Results@#The total qualified rate of physical fitness was 79.75%, among which the excellent rate was 3.16%, the good rate was 15.12%, the qualified rate was 61.47% and the unqualified was 20.25%. From the perspective of BMI, the excellent physical fitness rate (3.74%) and good physical fitness rate ( 17.47% ) were highest in healthy weight preschool children, and the qualified physical fitness rate of overweight preschool children (69.03%) was higher than that of obese (55.88%) and healthy weight preschool children (60.68%)( χ 2=53.56, P <0.01). From the perspective of ethnic, Tibetan children s physique proficiency (3.69%), good rate ( 17.13% ) than with the elevation of the Han nationality (0.74%, 5.88%), fraction defective (16.97%), lower than that of Han nationality (35.29%) ( χ 2=53.71, P <0.01); The results of chest circumference, skinfold thickness, body fat percentage, tennis throw distance, continuous jump of both feet, sitting forward bend and balance beam walking of Tibetan children were higher than those of Han children, and the results of quiet heart rate and standing long jump were lower than those of Han children ( t = 2.72 , 10.95, 9.66, 3.68, 3.88, 8.04, 3.56, 8.70, -4.39 , -4.40, P <0.01). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that Tibetans ( OR =2.29), breastfeeding ( OR =1.51), body dynamics outdoor daily exercise duration 30-90 min (30-<60 min ;OR = 2.03 ; 60-90 min: OR =2.22) were positively correlated with physical health of preschool children ( P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#The total physical qualification rate of preschool children aged 3-6 years old in Tibet is lower than the national average. Ethnic group, feeding pattern during infancy, and physical activity are all factors that affected the physical fitness of preschool children in Tibet. It is of great significance to improve the physique of preschool children in Tibet to promote their sustainable and healthy development.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between physical fitness and energy balance related behaviors (EBRBs), and their influencing factors among primary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of physical fitness in primary school students.@*Methods@#By using a random sampling method, a total of 1 451 pupils aged 10-12 were selected from 8 regions of Shannxi Province (Fengxiang, Weibin, Danfeng, Shangzhou, Huazhou, Linwei, Gaoling, Weiyang). According to the total score of physical fitness test, pupils were divided into the excellent good physical fitness group and the pass failed group. The students EBRBs and their influencing factors were investigated cross sectionally, and the Mann-Whitney U test and stepwise linear regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between physical fitness and EBRBs.@*Results@#Breakfasts behavior( r = 0.061 ) and physical activity behavior( r =0.105) among primary school students were positively correlated with total physical scores, with the excellent good physical fitness group (757.56, 768.57)were higher than that of the pass failed group(710.93, 705.67) ( Z= -2.41, -2.69, P <0.05). The screen behavior ( r =-0.065) was negatively correlated with the total physical fitness scores, with the excellent good physical fitness group (681.96) was significantly lower than the pass failed group(747.04) ( Z=2.78, P < 0.05 ). There was no statistically significant correlation between the frequency of beverage behavior and the total score of physical fitness ( P >0.05). The excellent good physical fitness group scored(762.22, 761.19, 758.82, 756.00, 761.20, 755.57, 761.52, 759.48, 781.78) higher than the pass failed group(708.70, 709.19, 710.32, 711.67, 709.19, 711.88, 709.04, 710.01, 699.36) including health beliefs, parental norms and parental role models for breakfast behaviors, and preferences, self efficacy, and self regulation for physical activities, as well as self efficacy, parental role models, family rules for screen behavior ( Z=-2.40, -2.78, -2.35, -2.48, -2.52, -2.27, -2.35, -2.22, -3.65, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The physical fitness of primary school students is affected by EBRBs. Parents should model positive behaviors in the family, promote the health behavior of primary school students, improve the physical health of primary school students health.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between physical fitness and energy balance related behaviors (EBRBs), and their influencing factors among primary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of physical fitness in primary school students.@*Methods@#By using a random sampling method, a total of 1 451 pupils aged 10-12 were selected from 8 regions of Shannxi Province (Fengxiang, Weibin, Danfeng, Shangzhou, Huazhou, Linwei, Gaoling, Weiyang). According to the total score of physical fitness test, pupils were divided into the excellent good physical fitness group and the pass failed group. The students EBRBs and their influencing factors were investigated cross sectionally, and the Mann-Whitney U test and stepwise linear regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between physical fitness and EBRBs.@*Results@#Breakfasts behavior( r = 0.061 ) and physical activity behavior( r =0.105) among primary school students were positively correlated with total physical scores, with the excellent good physical fitness group (757.56, 768.57)were higher than that of the pass failed group(710.93, 705.67) ( Z= -2.41, -2.69, P <0.05). The screen behavior ( r =-0.065) was negatively correlated with the total physical fitness scores, with the excellent good physical fitness group (681.96) was significantly lower than the pass failed group(747.04) ( Z=2.78, P < 0.05 ). There was no statistically significant correlation between the frequency of beverage behavior and the total score of physical fitness ( P >0.05). The excellent good physical fitness group scored(762.22, 761.19, 758.82, 756.00, 761.20, 755.57, 761.52, 759.48, 781.78) higher than the pass failed group(708.70, 709.19, 710.32, 711.67, 709.19, 711.88, 709.04, 710.01, 699.36) including health beliefs, parental norms and parental role models for breakfast behaviors, and preferences, self efficacy, and self regulation for physical activities, as well as self efficacy, parental role models, family rules for screen behavior ( Z=-2.40, -2.78, -2.35, -2.48, -2.52, -2.27, -2.35, -2.22, -3.65, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The physical fitness of primary school students is affected by EBRBs. Parents should model positive behaviors in the family, promote the health behavior of primary school students, improve the physical health of primary school students health.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between physical fitness and energy balance related behaviors (EBRBs), and their influencing factors among primary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of physical fitness in primary school students.@*Methods@#By using a random sampling method, a total of 1 451 pupils aged 10-12 were selected from 8 regions of Shannxi Province (Fengxiang, Weibin, Danfeng, Shangzhou, Huazhou, Linwei, Gaoling, Weiyang). According to the total score of physical fitness test, pupils were divided into the excellent good physical fitness group and the pass failed group. The students EBRBs and their influencing factors were investigated cross sectionally, and the Mann-Whitney U test and stepwise linear regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between physical fitness and EBRBs.@*Results@#Breakfasts behavior( r = 0.061 ) and physical activity behavior( r =0.105) among primary school students were positively correlated with total physical scores, with the excellent good physical fitness group (757.56, 768.57)were higher than that of the pass failed group(710.93, 705.67) ( Z= -2.41, -2.69, P <0.05). The screen behavior ( r =-0.065) was negatively correlated with the total physical fitness scores, with the excellent good physical fitness group (681.96) was significantly lower than the pass failed group(747.04) ( Z=2.78, P < 0.05 ). There was no statistically significant correlation between the frequency of beverage behavior and the total score of physical fitness ( P >0.05). The excellent good physical fitness group scored(762.22, 761.19, 758.82, 756.00, 761.20, 755.57, 761.52, 759.48, 781.78) higher than the pass failed group(708.70, 709.19, 710.32, 711.67, 709.19, 711.88, 709.04, 710.01, 699.36) including health beliefs, parental norms and parental role models for breakfast behaviors, and preferences, self efficacy, and self regulation for physical activities, as well as self efficacy, parental role models, family rules for screen behavior ( Z=-2.40, -2.78, -2.35, -2.48, -2.52, -2.27, -2.35, -2.22, -3.65, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The physical fitness of primary school students is affected by EBRBs. Parents should model positive behaviors in the family, promote the health behavior of primary school students, improve the physical health of primary school students health.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between adolescents physical fitness and depressive symptoms, and to provide reference for the early prevention and intervention of depressive symptoms and improvement of physical fitness in Chinese adolescents.@*Methods@#From September to December 2021, a total of 8 102 adolescents were selected by random cluster sampling method in Shanghai, Urumqi, Changsha and Kunming. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) was used to investigate the depressive symptoms, and completed grip strength, standing long jump, 50 m running, modified sitting forward flexion, 20 s repeated traverse, 30 s sit ups, 20 m round trip running (20 m SRT) test. χ 2 test, Goodman Kruskal Gamma and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between physical fitness index(PFI) and depressive symptoms.@*Results@#The overall detection rate of depressive symptoms in adolescents with high level PFI was 23.4%, and the detection rate of low level adolescents was 26.3%, with a statistically significant difference ( χ 2=6.73, P =0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between PFI and depressive symptoms in the high school group ( G=0.09, P <0.05) and the boy group ( G=0.12, P < 0.05 ), and there was no significant association between PFI and depressive symptoms in the junior high school group and the girl group ( P >0.05). After adjusting for gender and age in the Logistic regression model, compared with those with high PFI, the risk of depressive symptoms in those with low PFI was 1.18 times (95% CI =1.05-1.33).@*Conclusion@#There is a correlation between physical fitness and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Adolescents with low PFI are at higher risk of developing depressive symptoms than those with high PFI.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between 24 hour movement behavior and physical fitness in college students, so as to provide a reference for physical fitness interventions for college students.@*Methods@#A survey was conducted from September 23 to November 12, 2022, involving 342 college students selected from one comprehensive college among Shanghai City, Hubei Province and Zhejiang Province. Accelerometers were used to measure 24 hour movement behavior, and programs specified in the National Physical Fitness Standards for Students (2014 revision) were used to evaluate physical fitness. Compositional linear regression was used to analyze the association between 24 hour movement behavior and physical fitness. The effects of compositional isotemporal substitution of 24 hour movement behavior on physical fitness were also examined.@*Results@#The geometric means for sleep, sedentary behavior, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were 515.89, 678.88 , 196.30, 48.92 min/d, respectively, and the comprehensive physical fitness score was (73.09±8.55). The proportion of participants who passed the fitness test was 72.51%. Overall, 20.76% had excellent or good scores, whereas 6.73% failed. Compositional linear regression indicated that physical fitness was significantly positively associated with MVPA ( β =2.55) and LPA ( β = 5.88 )( P <0.05), but no significantly associated with sleep ( β =-5.18) and sedentary behavior ( β =-3.24)( P >0.05). Isotemporal substitution indicated that reallocation of 15 minutes from sleep and sedentary behavior to MVPA resulted in a 0.71 and 0.64 point increase in physical fitness, respectively. Similarly, reallocating the same duration to LPA led to a 0.50 and 0.43 point increase in physical fitness, respectively. Dose response analysis revealed that the mutual substitution of LPA with sedentary behavior and sleep had symmetry, whereas the mutual substitution of MVPA with sedentary behavior and sleep had asymmetry. The effectiveness of replacing sleep or sedentary behavior with MVPA in improving physical fitness decreased with increasing allocation time, whereas the adverse effects of replacing MVPA with sleep or sedentary behavior increased with increasing allocation time.@*Conclusion@#In the context of 24 hour movement behavior, increasing the time spent on LPA and MVPA is beneficial for physical fitness among college students. It should be recommend that college students actively transition from sedentary behavior to engaging in physical activity, with a particular emphasis on incorporating MVPA.
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Objective@#To understand potential categories of lifestyle behaviors and its association with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution among higher vocational medical students, so as to provide reference for the physical health management of them.@*Methods@#From October to December 2022, 2 720 medical students from three higher vocational medical colleges in Anhui Province were selected by stratified cluster sampling method and were investigated with a questionnaire of lifestyle and TCM body constitution. Potential category analysis (LCA) and multiple linear regression were used to explore the relationship between potential categories of lifestyle behaviors and TCM constitutions.@*Results@#The lifestyle behavior of vocational medical students were classified into three potential categories:general health group (83.60%), smoking and drinking group (4.85%) and diet preference group (11.55%). There were significant differences in the distribution of TCM constitution types among the three groups ( χ 2=46.32, P < 0.01 ). The proportion of general health group was the higher in balanced constitution (46.39%), and the proportion of smoking and drinking type was higher in phlegm dampness (25.00%). The dietary preferences were higher in phlegm dampness (20.38%), Yin deficiency (15.92%) and damp heat (20.70%). Taking balanced constitution as a reference, the occurrence risk of phlegm and dampness in smoking and drinking type and diet preference type was 1.75 times higher (95% CI =1.09-2.77) and 1.78 times higher (95% CI = 1.26-2.49) than that in general health group ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#There are certain aggregation characteristics in lifestyle behaviors among higher vocational medical students, which show significant relations with TCM constitutions. Targeted intervention should be carried out according to the demographic characteristics of higher vocational medical students, potential categories of behavior and lifestyle characteristics and TCM constitutions.
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Objective@#An isochronous substitution model was established to explore the association and substitution effect between college students 24 hour activity behavior and physical health, so as to provide specific activity behavior suggestions for college students to improve their physical health.@*Methods@#A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to conduct physical fitness tests and 24 hour activity behavior surveys among 2 794 college students in 12 colleges and universities in Tianjin.Time spent on sedentary behavior(SB), light intensity physical activity(LPA), moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA) and sleep(SLP) time. The isochronous method of components was used to explore the relationship between 24 h activity behavior and physical health.@*Results@#Except for 50 m running, MVPA was negatively correlated with BMI Z ( β =-0.62, P <0.05), but positively correlated with other physical fitness indexes ( β =0.34~274.23, P <0.05). LPA was not associated with lung capacity, sitting forward flexion and 50 m running, and negatively correlated with other physical fitness indexes ( β =-14.30- -0.19, P <0.05). SB was negatively correlated with most physical fitness indexes ( β =-11.57- -0.33, P <0.05), but positively correlated with BMI Z ( β =0.45, P < 0.05 ). In addition to lung capacity, SLP was positively correlated with BMI Z , total physical fitness score,1 minute sit-ups, pull ups, 800/1 000 m running, sitting forward flexion, and 50 m running ( β =0.27-11.21, P <0.05), but negatively correlated with long jump ( β =-0.10, P <0.05）. Isochronous substitution showed that the adverse effects of 30 min/d SB and LPA substitution of MVPA were much greater than the beneficial effects of MVPA substitution for corresponding behaviors (total physical score: SB, -0.58 vs 0.47 points; LPA, -0.50 vs 0.38 points).@*Conclusion@#MVPA and SLP have been found to have a positive effect on physical fitness among college students. Therefore, in the process of improving the physical health of college students, ensuring adequate sleep, improving MVPA and reducing SB as much as possible may be one of the effective methods.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze the changes in physical health among primary and secondary school students in Jinan during 2019 to 2022, so as to provide reference for primary and secondary school students physical health promotion.@*Methods@#From 2019 to 2022，16 496 primary and junior middle school students will be selected from Jinan by cluster random sampling method, the comprehensive scores of physical health for each year were calculated according to the National Student Physical Health Standards (revised in 2014), and changes in physical health were analyzed using t-tests, univariate analysis, analysis of covariance and χ 2 tests.@*Results@#The students physical health scores ranged from high to low in 2022（80.78±12.63），2021（79.12±12.72），2019 （75.17±2.03）and 2020（73.82±12.63）. During 2019 to 2022, the overall physical health score of female students were higher than that of male students ( F=105.39, 288.29, 197.90, 159.36, P <0.01). The differences in the comprehensive physical and health scores of male and female students in different grades from 2019 to 2022 were statistically significant ( F=34.22, 34.96, 20.33, 45.08 , 13.56, 18.29, 24.86, 30.01, P <0.01). The individual indicators showed varying degrees of decline in 2020. Except for body mass index (BMI), the fluctuations in lung s capacity, run 50 meters, sit forward, standing long jump, 1 minute sit-ups, pull-up, endurance running, 1 minute skipping rope during 2019 to 2022 were statistically significant (primary school: F =127.58, 44.80, 223.64, 76.66, 10.69, 296.79, secondary school: F =189.31, 52.10, 63.12, 61.49, 7.34, 8.10, 50.94 , P <0.01). The detection rates of overweight and obesity in primary and secondary school students from 2019 to 2022 were 30.09 %, 31.45%, 30.14 %, and 30.60%, respectively ( χ 2=2.26, P >0.05). From 2019 to 2022, the rates of overweight and obesity in primary and middle school boys were 34.56 %, 34.66%, 32.14%, 33.73%, 37.41%, 43.53%, 41.36 %, 39.16%, respectively, and the rates of overweight and obesity in primary and middle school girls were 24.66%, 24.39%, 24.61%, 24.65%, 23.82%, 28.74%, 26.99 %, 27.95%, respectively, none of which were statistically significant ( χ 2=2.93, 4.29 , 0.04, 3.12, P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#During 2019 to 2022, there are no significant changes in physical health indicators among primary and secondary school students in Jinan, and the overall level of physical health recovered rapidly after a slight decline due to the COVID-19 epidemic.
