Using demographic, psychosocial, behavioural and safety-related factors to assess cyclists' behaviour: A comparative approach across 19 countries.

This Data in Brief (DiB) article presents the differences in cycling behaviors related to violations, errors, and positive behaviors by region. The study data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire applied to a full sample of 7,001 participants from 19 countries, distributed over 5 continents. This paper proposes descriptive statistics, as well as common statistical tests. The aim is to enable authors to make their own analyses, not to provide precise interpretations. For further information about the macro project supporting the collection of these data, it is advised to refer to the paper titled "Cross-culturally approaching the cycling behavior questionnaire (CBQ): Evidence from 19 countries", published in Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behavior.

El temperamento como factor en la aparición de la tartamudez: estudio en población española / Temperament as a factor in stuttering onset: A study in Spanish-speaking population

Introducción: Este estudio analiza, en una muestra de niños españoles, las diferencias en el temperamento entre niños que tartamudean y niños con un desarrollo típico, con el objetivo de relacionar dichas diferencias con la aparición de la tartamudez. Metodología: Participaron 47 niños con tartamudez y 47 niños con desarrollo típico de entre 2 y 6 años, igualados en género y edad (± 2 meses). Para valorar el temperamento se utilizó la adaptación española del Children's Behavioral Questionnaire (CBQ) en su versión corta, que es una prueba informada por los padres. Resultados: Los niños que tartamudean obtuvieron puntuaciones más bajas que los niños con desarrollo típico en nivel de actividad (4.04 frente a 4.39) y en impulsividad (4.02 frente a 4,72). Los niños que tartamudean también puntuaron más bajo en el factor general de surgencia/extraversión (4.14 frente a 4.59). Conclusión: Aparecieron diferencias en el temperamento entre ambos grupos en 2de las 15 escalas del CBQ, al contrario que en estudios de otros países donde hubo mayores diferencias. Se hipotetiza que estos hallazgos podrían deberse a un efecto de la edad, ya que la mayoría de los participantes contaban entre 2 y 4 años, indicando que a edades tempranas no hay una relación clara entre características temperamentales y la tartamudez.(AU)

Introduction: This study analyzes, in a Spanish-speaking sample, differences in temperament between children who stutter and typically-developing children, aiming to establish a relation between such differences and stuttering onset. Methodology: Participants consisted of 47 children who stutter and 47 typically-developing children aged 2–6 years, matched in gender and age (±months). Temperament was assessed using the Spanish version of the short form of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ), a parent rating scale. Results: Children who stutter scored lower compared to their typically-developing matches in activity level (4.04 vs. 4.39) and impulsivity (4.02 vs. 4,72). Children who stutter also scored significantly lower in the general surgency factor (4.14 vs. 4.59). Conclusion: Temperamental differences between both groups emerged in 2of the 15 scales of the CBQ, unlike in studies from other countries where such differences were more pronounced. It is hypothesised that these findings could be due to an age effect, as most of the participants were between 2 and 4 years old, indicating that at young ages there is no clear relationship between temperamental characteristics and stuttering.(AU)

Molecular mechanism of metal-independent decomposition of lipid hydroperoxide 13-HPODE by halogenated quinoid carcinogens.

Halogenated quinones are a class of carcinogenic intermediates and newly identified chlorination disinfection by-products in drinking water. 13-Hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid (13-HPODE) is the most extensively studied endogenous lipid hydroperoxide. Although it is well known that the decomposition of 13-HPODE can be catalyzed by transition metal ions, it is not clear whether halogenated quinones could enhance its decomposition independent of metal ions and, if so, what the unique characteristics and similarities are. Here we show that 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ) could markedly enhance the decomposition of 13-HPODE and formation of reactive lipid alkyl radicals such as pentyl and 7-carboxyheptyl radicals, and the genotoxic 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), through the complementary application of ESR spin trapping, HPLC-MS, and GC-MS methods. Interestingly, two chloroquinone-lipid alkoxyl conjugates were also detected and identified from the reaction between DCBQ and 13-HPODE. Analogous results were observed with other halogenated quinones. This represents the first report that halogenated quinoid carcinogens can enhance the decomposition of the endogenous lipid hydroperoxide 13-HPODE and formation of reactive lipid alkyl radicals and genotoxic HNE via a novel metal-independent nucleophilic substitution coupled with homolytic decomposition mechanism, which may partly explain their potential genotoxicity and carcinogenicity.

The Reliability and Validity of the Child Bipolar Questionnaire 2.0(CBQ 2.0)-Korean Version / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The Child Bipolar Questionnaire 2.0 (CBQ 2.0) is a rapid screener with a Core Index subscale of symptom dimensions frequently reported in childhood-onset bipolar disorder (BD) and scoring algorithms for DSM-IV BD, with and without ADHD, and the proposed Narrow, Broad, and Core phenotypes. This report provides preliminary data on the reliability and validity of the CBQ 2.0- Korean version. METHODS: Core Index subscale to effectively predict diagnostic classification by structured interview was assessed using the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version-Korean Version (K-SADS-PL-K). Test-retest and inter-rater reliabilities of the CBQ 2.0 were assessed. Correlation of Korean Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL) with CBQ 2.0-Korean version was performed. RESULTS: The CBQ 2.0 screening algorithms performed with a specificity of 66.7% and a sensitivity of 94.7% in classifying subjects with K-SADS-PL-K diagnosis of BD vs. no BD. The Core Index subscale had "good" agreement with K-SADS-PL-K diagnosis (Kappa=0.676) in identifying BD, ADHD-only, and no diagnosis. CONCLUSION: This preliminary data is from a sample derived from the child and adolescent psychiatric clinics. Further validation is needed with community based samples in which childhood-onset BD is rarer and diagnoses more diverse. The CBQ 2.0-Korean version shows potential for rapid and economically feasible identification of possible childhood-onset BD cases as defined by DSM-IV criteria as well as by alternate disease phenotypes.