Diversidad afectivo-sexual, corporal y de género más allá del binarismo en la formación en ciencias de la salud / Affective-sexual, bodily and gender diversity beyond binarism in health sciences education

Los sistemas de salud y la formación de profesionales parten del binarismo de género. En las diferentes etapas del ciclo vital existen situaciones que provocan inequidades, falta de oportunidades y riesgos para la salud de las personas lesbianas, gais, bisexuales, trans e intersex (LGBTI). Este trabajo pretende explorar la necesidad de incluir la diversidad afectivo-sexual, corporal y de género (DASCG) en los currículos de las titulaciones en ciencias de la salud. Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica narrativa para identificar recomendaciones basadas en marcos y experiencias internacionales con nuevos enfoques para incorporar la DASCG, además de un análisis crítico de la situación actual acerca de las carencias en la inclusión de la DASCG en las titulaciones en ciencias de la salud. En la actualidad existe una progresiva inclusión de la DASCG en las ciencias de la salud en muchos países, que es considerada fundamental para unas prácticas profesionales éticas y una asistencia y unos cuidados de excelencia. Ofrecemos un resumen de los avances, los debates emergentes y las estrategias docentes para la inclusión de la DASCG en experiencias previas internacionales. Estas experiencias señalan la necesidad de la inclusión de la DASCG, la falta de conocimientos sobre las necesidades específicas de las personas LGBTI y los beneficios de la ruptura con la imposición binaria. Se recomienda aumentar los conocimientos sobre terminología, derechos y desigualdades, y la participación activa de las personas y las comunidades LGBTI. (AU)

Health systems and professional training are based on gender binarism. At different stages of the life cycle, there are situations that cause inequities, lack of opportunities and risks to the health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex (LGBTI) people. This work aims to explore the need to include affective-sexual, bodily and gender diversity (ASBGD) in the curricula of health sciences degrees. A narrative bibliographic review was performed to identify recommendations based on international frameworks and experiences with new approaches to incorporate ASBGD, as well as a critical analysis of the current situation regarding the deficiencies in the inclusion of ASBGD in health sciences degrees. At present there is a progressive inclusion of ASBGD in health sciences in many countries, which is considered fundamental for ethical professional practices, and excellence in care. We offer a summary of advances, emerging debates and teaching strategies for the inclusion of ASBGD from previous international experiences. These experiences highlight the need for inclusion of ASBGD, the lack of knowledge about specific needs of LGBTI people and the benefits of breaking with the binary imposition. They recommend increasing knowledge about terminology, rights and inequalities, and the active participation of LGBTI people and communities. (AU)

[Affective-sexual, bodily and gender diversity beyond binarism in health sciences education]. / Diversidad afectivo-sexual, corporal y de género más allá del binarismo en la formación en ciencias de la salud.

Health systems and professional training are based on gender binarism. At different stages of the life cycle, there are situations that cause inequities, lack of opportunities and risks to the health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex (LGBTI) people. This work aims to explore the need to include affective-sexual, bodily and gender diversity (ASBGD) in the curricula of health sciences degrees. A narrative bibliographic review was performed to identify recommendations based on international frameworks and experiences with new approaches to incorporate ASBGD, as well as a critical analysis of the current situation regarding the deficiencies in the inclusion of ASBGD in health sciences degrees. At present there is a progressive inclusion of ASBGD in health sciences in many countries, which is considered fundamental for ethical professional practices, and excellence in care. We offer a summary of advances, emerging debates and teaching strategies for the inclusion of ASBGD from previous international experiences. These experiences highlight the need for inclusion of ASBGD, the lack of knowledge about specific needs of LGBTI people and the benefits of breaking with the binary imposition. They recommend increasing knowledge about terminology, rights and inequalities, and the active participation of LGBTI people and communities.

Uso de drogas e a saúde sexual de adolescentes / Drug use and sexual health among adolescents / Uso de drogas y la salud sexual de adolescentes

Objetivou-se verificar características sexuais de adolescentes usuários de drogas, drogas consumidas e intensidade do consumo; e verificar suas percepções quanto à drogadição e saúde sexual. Estudo transversal, de campo, realizado com 69 adolescentes (13 a 17 anos), acompanhados em instituição especializada em dependência química de Fortaleza-CE. Os dados foram coletados de janeiro/2007 a fevereiro/2008, por entrevista semiestruturada e organizados no Excel for Windows, sendo as questões abertas organizadas conforme técnica de análise categorial. Detectou-se baixa escolaridade, baixa renda e elevado abandono escolar. As drogas mais consumidas foram maconha e crack. Atividade sexual sob efeito de drogas foi relatada por 31 (46,9%) adolescentes e 30 (46,1%) afirmaram usar o preservativo sempre. Foi perceptível a interferência do uso de drogas na prática do sexo inseguro, deixando-os vulneráveis às DST/HIV/AIDS e gravidez não planejada. Serviços que lidam com prevenção e tratamento de drogas devem fomentar discussões sobre os riscos à saúde sexual desse público.

The sexual characteristics of adolescent drug users, the drugs they consumed and intensity of consumption were investigated, and their perceptions of drug addiction and sexual health assessed, by a transverse field study of 69 13- to 17-year-olds attending an institution specialized in addiction in Fortaleza, Ceará State. Data were collected from January 2007 to February 2008 by semi-structured interview and organized in Excel for Windows, with the open-ended questions organized using the category analysis technique. Low levels of education and income and high rates of school dropout were detected. The drugs most used were marijuana and crack. Sexual activity under the influence of drugs was reported by 31 (46.9%) adolescents, while 30 (46.1%) reported using a condom every time. Drug use influenced noticeably the practice of unsafe sex, leaving them vulnerable to STD/HIV/AIDS and unplanned pregnancies. Drug use prevention and treatment services should encourage discussions of the risks to this public’s sexual health.

Los objetivos fueron verificar características sexuales de adolescentes en uso de drogas, drogas consumidas e intensidad de la consumición; identificar sus percepciones cuanto a la drogadición y salud sexual. Estudio transversal, de campo, realizado con 69 adolescentes (13 a 17 años), atendidos en institución especializada en dependencia química de Fortaleza-CE-Brasil. Los datos fueron colectados de enero/2007 a febrero/2008, por encuesta semiestructurada y fueron organizados en el Excel for Windows, siendo las preguntas abiertas organizadas por técnica de análisis categorial. Fue detectada baja escolaridad, bajo sueldo y muy grande abandono de la escuela. Las drogas más consumidas fueron marijuana y crack. Actividad sexual bajo efecto de drogas fue dicha por 31 (46,9%) adolescentes y 30 (46,1%) afirmaron utilizar el condón siempre. Fue perceptible la interferencia del uso de drogas en la práctica del sexo inseguro, dejándolos más vulnerables a las DST/HIV/AIDS y al embarazo no previsto. Los servicios que se ocupan de la prevención y del tratamiento de drogas deben fomentar debates cuanto a los riesgos a la salud sexual de este público.

Sexual dimorphism in mesiodistal and bucolingual tooth dimensions in Chilean people / Dimorfismo sexual en las dimensiones mesiodistales y bucolinguales de las piezas dentarias en individuos chilenos

The study investigates the presence of sexual dimorphism in the size of the permanent teeth among Chilean individuals. Mesiodistal and bucolingual diameters were measured in the teeth of 150 patients between 18 and 24 years old, 67 males and 83 females (excluded were third molars and pieces with large cavities and fillings). The largest were found in males; the differences in mean bucolingual diameters with p<0.05 were observed in pieces 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.6, 1.7, 2.6, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, and 4.5; and with p <0.01, the relevant pieces were to 4.4 and 4.7. With regard to mesiodistal dimensions, the only significant difference p <0.05 was found in piece 1.2. These results show that sexual dimorphism can be found in all group teeth.

Se investiga la presencia de dimorfismo sexual en las dimensiones de las piezas dentarias permanentes, en individuos chilenos. Se midieron los diámetros mesiodistales y buco linguales de las piezas dentarias de 150 pacientes, de entre 18 y 24 años de edad, 67 hombres y 83 mujeres, se excluyeron los terceros molares y las piezas con caries y obturaciones extensas. Las mayores dimensiones se encontraron en hombres, diferencias significativas en los diámetros bucolinguales con p<0.05 resultaron en las piezas 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.6, 1.7, 2.6, 3.3, 4.1,4.2 y 4.5 y con p<0.01 para las piezas 4.4 y 4.7. Con respecto a las dimensiones mesiodistales, la única diferencia significativa con p<0.05 se encontró en la pieza 1.2. Estos resultados muestran que es posible encontrar dimorfismo sexual en todos los grupos dentarios.