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1.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 98(8): 482-485, ago. 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-223934

ABSTRACT

El carcinoma microcítico de pulmón puede afectar al ojo directamente mediante proliferación metastásica o indirectamente a través de síndromes paraneoplásicos. La coroides es el lugar más afectado entre las metástasis uveales; no obstante, el iris puede estar envuelto en una proporción pequeña de casos (<10%). Visión borrosa, dolor, hiperemia, fotofobia, glaucoma, hipema o defectos en el campo visual pueden originarse por la afectación metastásica. La mediana de supervivencia en pacientes con metástasis iridianas es de 4 meses. El glaucoma secundario que se origina puede ser manejado con tratamiento tópico y oral, ciclo fotoablación transescleral, trabeculoplastia con láser, anti-VEGF, MIGS, cirugía filtrante o enucleación. Se presenta un caso único que desarrolló un cáncer microcítico de pulmón primario con metástasis iridianas. Las metástasis provocaron un cierre angular, refractario al tratamiento tópico. Se realizó radioterapia local para conseguir una respuesta local (AU)


Small-cell lung cancer may directly affect the eye by metastatic proliferation or indirectly by paraneoplastic syndromes. The choroid is the most common site for uveal metastasis (90%); however, the iris can be involved in a smaller proportion of cases (incidence <10%). Blurred vision, pain, redness, photophobia, glaucoma, hyphema and visual field defects can arise from this metastatic involvement. The median survival time for patients with iris metastasis is reported to be 4 months. Secondary glaucoma can be managed with topical and oral treatment, transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, laser trabeculoplasty, anti-VEGF, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS), filtering surgery, shunting surgery or enucleation. A case of primary small-cell lung cancer with iris metastasis is presented. The metastases produced an angle-closure glaucoma, which was refractory to topical treatment. Local radiotherapy was administered, obtaining a good local response (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Glaucoma, Neovascular/diagnostic imaging , Glaucoma, Neovascular/etiology , Carcinoma, Small Cell/complications , Carcinoma, Small Cell/secondary , Lung Neoplasms/complications , Lung Neoplasms/secondary
2.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) ; 98(8): 482-485, 2023 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37247662

ABSTRACT

Small-cell lung cancer may directly affect the eye by metastatic proliferation or indirectly by paraneoplastic syndromes. The choroid is the most common site for uveal metastasis (90%); however, the iris can be involved in a smaller proportion of cases (incidence <10%). Blurred vision, pain, redness, photophobia, glaucoma, hyphema and visual field defects can arise from this metastatic involvement. The median survival time for patients with iris metastasis is reported to be 4 months. Secondary glaucoma can be managed with topical and oral treatment, transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, laser trabeculoplasty, anti-VEGF, Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS), filtering surgery, shunting surgery or enucleation. A case of primary small-cell lung cancer with iris metastasis is presented. The metastases produced an angle-closure glaucoma, which was refractory to topical treatment. Local radiotherapy was administered, obtaining a good local response.


Subject(s)
Glaucoma, Neovascular , Glaucoma , Lung Neoplasms , Humans , Glaucoma, Neovascular/etiology , Intraocular Pressure , Glaucoma/surgery , Iris/pathology , Vision Disorders , Lung Neoplasms/pathology
3.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 97(6): 350-357, jun. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-208916

ABSTRACT

Los síndromes paraneoplásicos consisten en la afectación de órganos y tejidos alejados de un tumor primario, y que no son consecuencia directa de la invasión tumoral ni de sus metástasis. Se sabe que en su fisiopatología desempeñan un papel importante la autoinmunidad y la síntesis de autoanticuerpos debido a un proceso de mimetismo molecular. Los síndromes paraneoplásicos de afectación oftalmológica son una enfermedad poco frecuente, pero es importante reconocerlos clínicamente debido a que en algunas ocasiones los síntomas derivados preceden al diagnóstico de la neoplasia de base. El tumor más frecuentemente relacionado con esta enfermedad es el carcinoma microcítico pulmonar, pero también existe relación con otras etiologías tumorales como el timoma, los tumores ginecológicos o el neuroblastoma en niños. Los síndromes paraneoplásicos de afectación oftalmológica pueden dividirse entre los que afectan a la vía visual aferente, como la retinopatía asociada al cáncer, la retinopatía asociada al melanoma o la neuropatía óptica paraneoplásica; o a la vía visual eferente, como las pupilas tónicas bilaterales, la miastenia gravis, el síndrome de Lambert-Eaton o la degeneración cerebelosa paraneoplásica. Cada vez se conocen más autoanticuerpos relacionados y su positividad es de ayuda en la práctica clínica, pero la negatividad no excluye el diagnóstico. Aunque su evolución y pronóstico va ligado al de la enfermedad causal, en algunos casos el tratamiento específico, habitualmente mediante terapia inmunosupresora puede ayudar a mejorar la calidad de vida de estos pacientes (AU)


Paraneoplastic syndromes consist on systemic manifestations associated with certain cancers which are not a direct consequence of tumor invasion or its metastases. It is known that autoimmunity and autoantibody synthesis play an important role in its pathophysiology due to a process of molecular mimicry. Paraneoplastic syndromes in ophthalmology are rare, but it is important to recognize them clinically because in some cases symptoms preceded the diagnosis of an underlying neoplasia. Most frequently involved cancer is small cell lung carcinoma, but there is also a relationship with other tumor etiologies such as thymoma, gynecological tumors or neuroblastoma in children. Paraneoplastic syndromes with ocular involvement can be divided into those that affect the afferent visual pathway, such as cancer-associated retinopathy, melanoma-associated retinopathy, or paraneoplastic optic neuropathy; and the ones that affect the efferent visual pathway, such as bilateral tonic pupils, Myasthenia Gravis, Lambert-Eaton syndrome or paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. The presence of autoantibodies is helpful in clinical practice but negativity does not exclude this diagnosis. Although evolution and prognosis is linked to primary disease, in some cases specific treatment, usually immunosuppressive therapy, can help improving patients quality of life (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Ocular/diagnosis , Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Ocular/therapy , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Blotting, Western , Immunohistochemistry
4.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) ; 97(6): 350-357, 2022 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35292226

ABSTRACT

Paraneoplastic syndromes consist on systemic manifestations associated with certain cancers which are not a direct consequence of tumor invasion or its metastases. It is known that autoimmunity and autoantibody synthesis play an important role in its pathophysiology due to a process of molecular mimicry. Paraneoplastic syndromes in ophthalmology are rare, but it is important to recognize them clinically because in some cases symptoms preceded the diagnosis of an underlying neoplasia. Most frequently involved cancer is small cell lung carcinoma, but there is also a relationship with other tumor etiologies such as thymoma, gynecological tumors or neuroblastoma in children. Paraneoplastic syndromes with ocular involvement can be divided into those that affect the afferent visual pathway, such as cancer-associated retinopathy, melanoma-associated retinopathy, or paraneoplastic optic neuropathy; and the ones that affect the efferent visual pathway, such as bilateral tonic pupils, Myasthenia Gravis, Lambert-Eaton syndrome or paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. The presence of autoantibodies is helpful in clinical practice but negativity does not exclude this diagnosis. Although evolution and prognosis is linked to primary disease, in some cases specific treatment, usually immunosuppressive therapy, can help improving patients quality of life.


Subject(s)
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome , Neoplasms , Ophthalmology , Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Ocular , Autoantibodies , Child , Humans , Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome/diagnosis , Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome/etiology , Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Ocular/diagnosis , Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Ocular/etiology , Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Ocular/therapy , Quality of Life
5.
Rev. colomb. cancerol ; 24(2): 88-91, abr.-jun. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1144325

ABSTRACT

Resumen El carcinoma de célula pequeña (CPCP) o microcítico de pulmón es un subtipo de cáncer de pulmón que típicamente se ha asociado al tabaquismo y que se caracteriza por su agresividad y mal pronóstico a corto plazo. Como entidad, puede metastatizar en cualquier órgano, siendo las metástasis pancreáticas raras y la mayoría de las veces asintomáticas. Por ello, la presencia de una pancreatitis neoplásica, como en el caso presentado, es excepcional, y aún más cuando presenta refractariedad al tratamiento médico convencional y responde al tratamiento citotóxico sistémico. Por todo ello, se expone esta experiencia clínica y se debate la presencia de esta rara entidad y su manejo.


Abstract Small-cell lung carcinoma is a subtype of neoplasm that has been typically associated with smoking; it is characterized by its aggressiveness and poor prognosis in the short term. As an entity, it can metastasize in any organ, but pancreatic metastases are rare and most of the time asymptomatic. Therefore, the presence of neoplastic pancreatitis as in our case is exceptional; even more when it presents refractoriness to conventional medical treatment, responding instead to systemic cytotoxic treatment. Therefore, we expose our clinical experience and discuss the presence of this rare entity and its management.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pancreatic Neoplasms/secondary , Pancreatitis/etiology , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Tobacco Use Disorder/complications , Acute Disease , Cisplatin/therapeutic use , Etoposide/therapeutic use , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/drug therapy , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/diagnostic imaging , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
6.
Rev. colomb. cancerol ; 20(1): 37-39, ene.-jun. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-791250

ABSTRACT

Las metástasis de cualquier origen son una causa muy infrecuente de pancreatitis aguda. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con un episodio de pancreatitis aguda como manifestación inicial de un carcinoma microcítico de pulmón metastásico. Es importante excluir la presencia de tumores malignos en aquellos casos de pancreatitis aguda sin agente etiológico claro para mejorar el pronóstico de estos pacientes. Se revisó la literatura al respecto.


Metastases of different any origin that induceare a rare cause of acute pancreatitis are not frequent. We report the case 5 of a patient with an acute pancreatitis episode as the initial manifestation of an extended small cell lung carcinoma. The exclusion of malignancy in cases of pancreatitis of unknown origin is clinically relevant to improve the prognosis of these patients. We review the A literature review on about this topic is also presented.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pancreatitis , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma , Neoplasm Metastasis , Patients , Prognosis , Causality , Research Report , Lung
7.
Invest. clín ; 53(4): 402-407, dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-687432

ABSTRACT

Las metástasis en la silla turca son raras y se encuentran en muchas ocasiones incidentalmente o en necropsias. Solo un 7% de los casos son sintomáticos. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes son la diabetes insípida, la clínica compresiva y los síntomas derivados de déficit hormonales de la adenohipófisis. Se presentan los casos de 2 varones con un carcinoma microcítico de pulmón cuya manifestación clínica inicial correspondía a afectación metastásica de la silla turca. Un caso debutó con invasión del seno cavernoso y panhipopituitarismo, y el otro con una diabetes insípida. Ambos casos presentaron una rápida progresión de su enfermedad neoplásica, con escasa respuesta al tratamiento sistémico en uno de los casos y fueron éxitus a los pocos meses. Las metástasis hipofisarias se presentan con mayor frecuencia en mujeres con cáncer de mama y hombres con neoplasias de pulmón. La presencia de poliuria y polidipsia en un paciente oncológico debe hacer sospechar una diabetes insípida, siendo necesario un estudio de imagen de la silla turca. El tratamiento de estos tumores incluye la cirugía, la radioterapia, la quimioterapia y el tratamiento hormonal sustitutivo. A pesar que el tratamiento quirúrgico no se ha asociado a un aumento de la supervivencia, algunos pacientes pueden mejorar su calidad de vida.


Metastases in the sellar region are rare and are frequently found incidentally or in necropsies. Only 7% are reported to be symptomatic. Diabetes insipidus, anterior pituitary dysfunction, visual field defects, headache/pain and ophthalmoplegia are the most commonly reported symptoms. We present the cases of two male patients with a small-cell lung carcinoma whose first clinical symptoms were due to pituitary metastasis. One case presented with symptoms of cavernous sinus invasion and panhypopituitarism and the other case with diabetes insipidus. Both patients had a rapid progression of their disease despite chemotherapy and died after a few months. Pituitary metastases occur most commonly with breast cancer in women and lung cancer in men. The presence of polyuria and polydipsia in an oncologic patient should alert the physician for diabetes insipidus and, if confirmed, an imaging procedure of the pituitary gland is mandatory. Treatment for these tumors is often multimodal and includes surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and hormone replacement. Although surgical series have not shown any significant survival benefits given by tumor resection, the patient’s quality of life may be improved.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Pituitary Neoplasms/secondary , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/secondary
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