The effect of new e-commerce platform's OSC promotion on consumer cognition: from cognitive legitimacy and cognitive psychology perspective.

Introduction: In the realm of emerging e-commerce platforms, the influence of online shopping events, specifically online carnival promotions (OSC), on consumer behavior is a significant area of interest.This paper delves into the effects of such promotions on consumer perceptions, a topic that has not been extensively explored in academic research. Methods: To investigate this phenomenon, two distinct studies were conducted. The first study employed a questionnaire-based experiment involving 220 participants, divided into two groups. The first study examined the mediating role of cognitive legitimacy in the relationship between OSC events organized by new e-commerce platforms and the perceptions of consumers. The second study utilized an event-related potentials (ERPs) experiment with 33 participants to explore the differences in consumer perceptions between OSC promotions and general promotions by new e-commerce platforms. This study measured the brain's response to promotional stimuli to gain insights into the cognitive processes involved. Results: The first study yielded results that suggest OSC activities can facilitate the establishment of cognitive legitimacy for new e-commerce platforms. This, in turn, was found to be associated with an increase in positive purchase intentions among consumers. In the second study, the ERPs data indicated that exposure to OSC promotional materials elicited larger P2 and N2 ERP components when participants were presented with the logo of a new e-commerce platform. This was in contrast to the response to general promotional materials, suggesting a heightened cognitive and perceptual engagement with OSC promotions. Discussion: The findings from both studies collectively imply that OSC promotions have a distinct impact on consumer perceptions and cognitive processes. The implicit memory triggered by these promotions appears to influence the identification of new platforms and the mechanisms of cognitive control during online shopping. This, in turn, may have implications for explicit consumer behavior, suggesting that OSC promotions could be a powerful tool for shaping consumer attitudes and behaviors in the e-commerce space. The results underscore the importance of understanding the nuances of consumer engagement with new e-commerce platforms and the role of promotional strategies in fostering a positive brand image and consumer loyalty.

The effect of birth timing manipulation around carnival on birth indicators in Brazil.

This paper studies the patterns and consequences of birth timing manipulation around the carnival holiday in Brazil. We document how births are displaced around carnival and estimate the effect of displacement on birth indicators. We show that there is extensive birth timing manipulation in the form of both anticipation and postponement that results in a net increase in gestational length and reductions in neonatal and early neonatal mortality, driven by postponed births that would otherwise happen through scheduled c-sections. We also find a reduction in birthweight for high-risk births at the bottom of the weight distribution, driven by anticipation. Therefore, restrictions on usual delivery procedures due to the carnival holiday can be both beneficial and detrimental, raising a double-sided issue to be addressed by policymakers.

The Impact of the Patras Carnival on the Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Outbreak of Influenza A: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: We investigated the impact of the indoor mass gathering of young people during the Patras Carnival in Greece on the course of the COVID-19 pandemic and the influenza A epidemic. Materials and Methods: For influenza A, we tested 331 subjects with high fever (>38 °C), who arrived at five separate private laboratories over a two-week period after the carnival, via rapid test. One hundred and eighty-eight of them were young adults (17−35 years old), all unvaccinated against influenza A but all immunized against SARS-CoV-2, either through vaccination or previous infection. For the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, we tested 2062 subjects at two time periods, two weeks before and two weeks after the carnival, also via rapid test. Additionally, we examined 42 samples positive for influenza A and 51 samples positive for SARS-CoV-2 for the possibility of co-infection via molecular testing (i.e., RT-PCR). Results: 177/331 (53.5%) subjects tested positive for influenza A, and 109/177 (61.6%) of the positive subjects were young adults, and 93/109 (85.3%) of these subjects were tested in the first week after the carnival. Additionally, 42 samples of those subjects were molecularly tested, and 5 were found negative for influenza A but positive for SARS-CoV-2. Regarding the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the increase in the positivity index for young adults between the pre-carnival and post-carnival periods was moderate. Conclusions: Our study indicates that the indoor mass gathering of young people during the carnival contributed to the outbreak of an influenza A epidemic and had a moderate but not statistically significant impact on the course of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, corroborating the crucial role of vaccination against the epidemic's waves. It also showed the need for the use of high-quality rapid tests for their management.

Early different cognitive processes evoked by carnival vs. general promotions when shopping online: An ERPs study.

Introduction: The booming development of online shopping has intensified market competition. In addition to general sales promotions, online shopping has introduced new changes including artificial carnival promotions. Method: This study aims to investigate cognitive processes to an unknown e-commerce platform after exposure to carnival and general promotion activities using event-related potentials. Thirty-three participants were recruited in this study to probe how consumers perceive carnival and general promotion information using event-related potentials (ERPs). Carnival or general promotion posters were presented first, then an unknown e-commerce platform brand was presented in the second stage, at which time the subjects' cognitive process to the brand were observed in an implicit paradigm. Results: The results showed that after priming with carnival promotion posters, the unknown e-commerce platform stimuli elicited larger P2 and N2 components than were observed after the presentation of general promotion posters; however, the P3 component did not show a significant difference. These findings indicate that the target identification and cognitive control mechanism with regard to an unknown e-commerce platform are likely influenced by the implicit memory of different promotion activities when shopping online. Discussion: The results suggest that ERP components may have the potential to be employed as indices to estimate the effectiveness of promotion methods for an unknown brand.

Carnaval de rua em Belo Horizonte: interstícios de insurgências sociais e de apropriações do mercado cultural (2010 a 2020) / Street carnival in Belo Horizonte: interstices of social insurgencies and cultural market appropriations (2010 a 2020)

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo a analisar mudanças ocorridas no carnaval de rua de Belo Horizonte, entre os anos de 2010 e 2020, que o transformou no maior evento turístico-cultural da cidade. O estudo de natureza qualitativa e utilizou como procedimentos metodológicos a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, a fala de atores que participam da organização da festa e entrevistas semiestruturadas com representantes de blocos de rua e gestores públicos. A perspectiva crítica da análise revela que desde os primórdios dessa festa, essa efervescência coletiva apresenta traços de insurgências sociais populares e de tentativas de organização da festa pelo poder público, processo semelhante ao que acontece atualmente com a festa na capital mineira. No entanto, a essa festa nacional sofre interferências diretas de um mercado econômico cultural que atua na e para a festa. O esforço foi de trazer à tona relações que se estabeleceram entre um carnaval como foco e engajamento com pautas políticassociais, alicerçado em um cenário mercadológico. Muitas dessas tensões surgiram no fazer e na apropriação do carnaval pela sociedade, nas lutas, nas reivindicações e nas irreverências dos atores sociais apontando o jogo de forças político-econômico-social entre os que fazem a festa (população), os gestores públicos e o mercado econômico.

This research aims to analyze changes that occurred in Belo Horizonte's street carnival, between 2010 and 2020, which turned it into the biggest tourist-cultural event in the city.The study was qualitative and used bibliographical and documentary research as methodological procedures, the speech of actors who participate in the organization of the party and semi-structured interviews with representatives of street blocks and public managers.The critical perspective of the analysis reveals that since the beginnings of this party, this collective effervescence presents traces of popular social insurgencies and attempts by the government to organize the party, a process similar to what currently happens with the party in the capital of Minas Gerais. However, this national festival is directly influenced by a cultural economic market that operates in and for the festival.The effort was to bring to light the relationships that were established between a carnival as a focus and engagement with political-social agendas, based on a market scenario.These tensions originated in the making and appropriation of carnival by society, in the struggles, claims and irreverence of social actors, pointing to the political-economic-social forces play between those who make the party (population), public administrators and theeconomic market.

Patterns of noise exposure and prevalence of hearing loss amongst Cape Town Minstrel Carnival musicians.

BACKGROUND: Cape Town Minstrel Carnival is one of the oldest and most authentic indigenous New Year's customs in South Africa. Musicians who perform at this carnival are exposed to excessively loud music and therefore at a risk of acquiring noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine patterns of exposure to loud music and prevalence of hearing loss amongst Cape Town Minstrel Carnival musicians. METHOD: A descriptive, observational exploratory survey design was used and 43 participants (21 males and 22 females; mean age, 21 ± 9 years) took part in this study. Sound level measurements were conducted to assess musicians' sound exposure during rehearsals and performances. All participants underwent the following audiological test battery at least 2 h before music exposure: Case history, otoscopic examination, tympanometry, pure tone audiometry and distortion products otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). RESULTS: Average noise levels recorded were 86 dBA during rehearsals and 98.7 dBA at performances and average durations of exposure were 240 and 10 min at rehearsals and performances, respectively. One out of 43 (1/43) participants presented with sensorineural hearing loss. Audiometric results of the remaining participants were normal and did not show a pattern suggestive of NIHL. A high proportion of participants (21/43) reported experiencing tinnitus. CONCLUSION: Despite being exposed to high levels of noise, there was a low prevalence of hearing loss amongst these musicians. However, a high proportion of them reported tinnitus, which could be an indication that they were at a high risk of NIHL from the music that they played.

Carnivalizing health promotion in Samba Schools: a review of the literature / Carnavalizando a promoção de saúde nas Escolas de Samba: uma revisão bibliográfica

This is a systematic bibliographic review study to analyze articles published in the field of Health Sciences, especially in Public Health, whose theme was carnival and samba schools. The objective was to analyze how health research has portrayed the health-disease process in samba schools and in carnival. Eleven articles were analyzed. Thus, scientific productions were found related to the theme with issues related to STIs and HIV-AIDS, the hearing health of carnival workers, historical perspectives on the 1919 carnival and the 1918 Spanish flu, yet studies that make it possible to observe health promotion in health schools and carnival beyond an event, but rather as a process.The fundamental objective of the analysis was to shift the understanding of health as negative of the disease, to health as a life affirmation. As well as, demystifying prejudiced understandings about carnival and samba schools with regard to the health of those who produce and participate in the event.

Este trabalho trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática que buscou analisar artigos produzidos no campo das Ciências da Saúde, em especial na Saúde Coletiva, que tiveram por temática o carnaval e as escolas de samba. Objetivou-se analisar como as pesquisas em saúde tem retratado o processo de saúde-doença nas escolas de samba e no carnaval. Foram analisados 11 artigos que se relacionavam com o escopo desta pesquisa. Assim, foram encontradas produções científicas relacionados a temática com questões ligadas às ISTs e HIV-AIDS, à saúde auditiva dos trabalhadores de escolas de samba, perspectivas históricas sobre o carnaval de 1919 e a gripe espanhola de 1918, ainda estudos que possibilitam observar a promoção de saúde nas escolas de saúde e o carnaval para além de um evento, mas sim como um processo. A análise teve por fundamental objetivo deslocar o entendimento de saúde enquanto negativo da doença, para saúde como afirmação da vida. Assim como, desmistificar entendimentos preconceituosos sobre o carnaval e as escolas de samba no que se refere a saúde daqueles que produzem e participam do evento.

Theorizing disaster communitas.

Disaster scholars have long complained that their field is theory light: they are much better at doing and saying than analyzing. The paucity of theory doubtless reflects an understandable focus on case studies and practical solutions. Yet this works against big picture thinking. Consequently, both our comprehension of social suffering and our ability to mitigate it are fragmented. Communitas is exemplary here. This refers to the improvisational acts of mutual help, collective feeling and utopian desires that emerge in the wake of disasters. It has been observed for as long as there has been a sociology of disasters. Within the field, there have been numerous efforts to name and describe it. Yet there has been far less enthusiasm to theorize it, which means that the disaster literature has not adequately explained the social conditions under which communitas arises (or fails to). In this article, we synthesize numerous case studies to do so. This takes us beyond simple statements of what communitas is and what it should be called, to considerations of the conditions under which it emerges, how it should be conceptualized, the factors that might prevent communitas, and how we might encourage it. While primarily a theoretical work, the identification of communitas' facilitators and barriers have practical import for disaster risk reduction (DRR) policy as communitas has frequently proven to be a positive and potent force.

Carnaval e "a história que a história não conta": uma análise dos sambas de enredo / Carnaval and "the story that history does not tell": an analysis of sambas de enredo

A Estação Primeira de Mangueira foi campeã dos desfiles do Carnaval de 2019 do Rio de Janeiro com o enredo "História para ninar gente grande". Após a verificação de 1.592 sambas de enredo, dos carnavais cariocas de 1939 a 2019, este artigo demonstra que foram apresentadas, em 43 composições anteriores, de escolas diversas, perspectivas semelhantes às que constam no samba-enredo da Verde e Rosa. São obras que exaltam as contribuições de negros, indígenas e populares para a História do Brasil; elencam personalidades relevantes como "outros heróis"; desconstroem a contribuição dos heróis "clássicos" da pátria; e realizam críticas à sociedade brasileira, suas mazelas e seu(s) governo(s). Finalmente, elencamos as oito principais composições que ilustram essas propostas. O objetivo é relacionar a produção cultural carnavalesca às questões do seu tempo, destacando a importância do festejo para a cultura nacional.

Estação Primeira de Mangueira was the champion of Rio de Janeiro's 2019 Carnival Parade with the samba "História para ninar gente grande". After checking 1,592 sambas from the Carnival of Rio de Janeiro, from 1939 to 2019, this article demonstrates that 43 previous compositions from different Escolas de Samba, presented similar perspectives to Mangueira: sambas that praise the contributions of black people, indigenous and popular to the history of Brazil; relevant personalities considered as "other heroes"; an deconstruction of the contribution of the "classic" heroes; and social critics to the Brazilian society, its problems and its government. Finally, we list the eight compositions that better illustrate these proposals. The objective is to relate the carnivalesque cultural production to the issues of its time, highlighting the importance of the celebration for the national culture.

Politics of Ebola and the critical role of global health diplomacy for the CARICOM.

The 2014 Ebola epidemic was the largest in history, affecting Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, and Mali in West Africa. The International Health Regulations are legally binding in 194 countries including all the member states of WHO "to prevent, protect against, control, and provide a public health response to the international spread of disease." Since the Caribbean Community region heavily depends on tourism, a single case of the disease anywhere in the region could have serious negative consequences for the rest of the region's tourism industry. Global health diplomacy brings together the disciplines of public health, international affairs, management, law, and economics and focuses on negotiations that shape and manage the global policy environment for health. The regional institutes such as Caribbean Public Health Agency should play a more proactive and pivotal role in the creation of regional response teams in all the island nations collaborating with the departments of public health and epidemiology at the regional campuses of The University of the West Indies. The role of global health diplomacy and its practice should be encouraged to reach a consensus among the stakeholders considering the threat to the health security in the region. There is a need for the cadre of global health diplomats who has a critical understanding of health and also the practice of diplomacy since such serious health issues have implications at the global level in this globalized world.

Noise levels of amusement ride operators.

One of the leading causes of noise-induced hearing loss is occupational noise exposure; however, little attention has been given to the exposure among amusement ride operators. According to the International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions, 600,000 ride operators are employed in the U.S. The first objective of this descriptive study was to evaluate if ride operators were exposed to noise levels over 85 dB. The second objective was to classify the ride features that led to the highest noise levels. 136 rides were measured at 17 total amusement parks, county fairs, and festivals in southern Wisconsin and northern Illinois during summer 2015. A sound level meter recorded noise measurements as close in proximity to the ride operator as possible. Each ride was measured for two or three complete ride cycles, which included loading and operating the ride. The sound level meter was programmed to measure noise as recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists and with no threshold. 18% of rides measured had projected noise levels greater than American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists recommendation of 85 dB. A repeated measures model was used to analyze the complete ride cycle decibel levels. The model found that traveling carnival rides had significantly higher levels compared to the stationary amusement park rides (p < 0.001), the rides operated near midway music had significantly higher levels than those without midway music (p < 0.001), and the type of ride was also significant. Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test was used to determine differences in type of ride. According to the data, 18% of the amusement ride operators would be at risk for noise induced hearing loss and would require a hearing conservation program if the 8-hr time weighted averages were to follow the same trends as the complete ride cycle levels.

Seguir los pasos de Orlando Fals Borda: Religión, Musica, Mundos de la vida y carnaval

En un tono narrativo, el autor, quien es un veterano sociólogo perteneciente a la segunda generación, sigue su propia trayectoria en la rememoración del fundador de la sociología colombiana, desde cuando era aún un infante y cuando Orlando regresara de los Estados Unidos como un Bachelor of Arts. Músico según era, Orlando compuso entonces una canción por la paz de Colombia, un deseo común en especial para todos los científicos sociales que apenas se vislumbra como horizonte probable a cerca de ocho años luego de la muerte del fundador de la sociología. Tras la semblanza del gran maestro, centrada en el arquetipo del chivo expiatorio, el autor presenta más de siete nuevos argumentos para demostrar la relevancia universal de la obra del pionero: una inédita valoración de la Wertbeziehung u orientación valorativa de Orlando como miembro de la rama calvinista del protestantismo, empero, en su caso volcado a encontrar índices de salvación ya no en oro o poder, como sostenía Weber, sino en el pueblo, casi como si se tratara de una paráfrasis del lema del filósofo Espinoza: Deus, sive populus (Dios, esto es el pueblo); el carnaval como una inspiración epistemológica; talento musical y escucha profunda a las voces del pueblo; talento inusual para el análisis dentro de una teoría integrada; sólida preferencia por los mundos de la vida; épica de no violencia y de disidanza (disidencia con danza); una inusual sensibilidad por la equidad y el equilibrio de género, cuya génesis es explicada por la formación vital en la familia de Orlando.

In a narrative mood, the author, a sénior sociologist of the secondgeneration, follows his proper path in the remembrance of the founder of the colombian sociology, Orlando Fals Borda, a path which has been imprinted by the long sequence of violences since the 9th of april of 1948, when he was a child and when Orlando returned as a young bachellor of arts to the country. Also musician, Orlando composed then a song for the peace of Colombia, a common desire specially for all the social scientists only now approching in a new horizon, at eigth years of the foundefdeath. After that recollection of the figure of the great master, centered in the archetype of the scapegoat, the author present more than seven new arguments to demostrate the universal relevance of the work of the pioneer: a new aproach to the concept of senti-pensamiento; a inedit valuation of his Wertbezieung (reference to values) as a member of the calvinistic branch of protestantism, nothwithstanding turning to the signs of the people as Índices of predestination, almos fast in the mood of a paraphrasis of a motto of Espinoza: Deus, sive populus, God, that means the people; carnival as a epistemologhical inspiration; musical talent and deep listening to people's voices; a gift for analysis in a synthetic and integrated theory; sound preference for the worlds of life; an ephic of non-violence and disidanza; an inusual sensitivity to gender equity and gender balance, whose genesis is here explained in the vital formation in his family.

Carnaval como instrumento de inclusão social de pessoas com deficiência / Carnivalas a tool of social inclusion of people with disabilities / Carnaval como una herramienta de inclusión social de las personas con discapacidad

A inclusão social vem sendo mais discutida na sociedade e a literatura PSI aponta crescente atuação das empresas em programas voltados a essa temática. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o Projeto Embaixadores da Alegria, que usa o Carnaval como instrumento de inclusão social. A pesquisa multimétodo (pesquisa documental, questionário e entrevistas) contemplou 538 pessoas, incluindo beneficiários, familiares, membros da comunidade, gestores, financiadores e executores do Projeto. O delineamento foi de um quase-experimento que verificou se a participação no programa aumentava a percepção de inclusão social. Os resultados do teste permitem concluir que o Projeto atende apenas parcialmente aos seus objetivos, pois não houve diferenças significativas em relação à favorabilidade à inclusão escolar entre grupo de tratamento e grupo controle. De forma complementar, na análise de conteúdo, foram identificadas cinco categorias relacionadas a aspectos processuais e de resultados do projeto, a saber: (i) participação da família; (ii) formas de comunicação; (iii) mobilidade; (iv) trabalho e geração de renda; e (v) inclusão social. Os achados da pesquisa foram debatidos a partir do referencial teórico. São feitas recomendações para o Projeto e sugestões de novos estudos. (AU)

Social inclusion has been more discussed in society. The literature points increasing role of companies in facing this social inclusion programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Project Ambassadors of Joy (Projetos Embaixadores da Alegria), which uses the carnival as a tool for social inclusion. The multimethod research (document analysis, questionnaires and interviews) included 538 people (beneficiaries, family members, community members, administrators, funders and implementers of the project). The design was a quasi-experiment that examined whether participation in the program increased awareness of social inclusion. The results of the t test demonstrated that the project achieved its objectives only partially because there was no significant difference in relation to favorability to school inclusion between treatment group and control group. As a complement, in the content analysis, we identified five categories related to procedural aspects and results of the project, namely: (i) family participation; (ii) forms of communication; (iii) mobility; (iv) employment and income generation; and (v) social inclusion. The findings of the research were discussed from the theoretical framework. We give recommendations for the project and suggestions for further research. (AU)

La inclusión social ha sido más discutida en la sociedad. La literatura en esta área muestra el aumento de la participación de las empresas para afrontar los retos de este tema. Este estudio objetivó evaluar el Proyecto Embajadores de la Alegría (Projeto Embaixadores da Alegria), el cual usa el carnaval como instrumento de inclusión social. Una investigación multimétodo (análisis documental, cuestionarios y entrevistas) incluyó 538 personas, entre los beneficiarios, los miembros de la familia, miembros de la comunidad, administradores, financieros y ejecutores de proyectos. El diseño era un casi un experimento para probar si la participación en el programa aumenta la favorabilidad de la inclusión social. Los resultados del test t mostraron que el proyecto cumpla sus objetivos sólo en parte porque no hubo diferencias significativas en relación a la favorabilidad a la inclusión escolar entre el grupo de tratamiento y el grupo control. Como complemento, el análisis de contenido, hemos identificado cinco categorías relacionadas con los aspectos de procedimiento y resultados del proyecto, a saber: (i) la participación de la familia; (ii) las formas de comunicación; (iii) la movilidad; (iv) el empleo y generación de ingresos; y (v) la inclusión social. Los resultados de la investigación fueron discutidos desde el marco teórico. Recomendaciones para el proyecto y sugerencias para futuras investigaciones se realizan. (AU)

Distribuição temporal da demanda e positividade de testes sorológicos anti-hiv em um laboratório central municipal: há aumento depois do carnaval? / Temporal distribution of anti-hiv serologic tests demand and positivity in a municipal central laboratory: are there increased after carnival?

Introdução:A infecção pelo HIV pode levar à imunossupressão progressiva e resultar em um complexo de infecções relacionadas à AIDS e outras manifestações nos indivíduos acometidos. Dados do Boletim Epidemiológico AIDS 2012, relatam, de 1980 a 2010, 241.662 óbitos por AIDS no Brasil. Niterói, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, é um município de médio porte, com cerca de 500 mil habitantes e excelentes indicadores socioeconômicos e culturais.Objetivo:Avaliar a possível relação de sazonalidade existente entre a distribuição temporal da demanda e da positividade de testes sorológicos anti-HIV no Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Miguelote Viana (LCSPMV), de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro.Métodos:Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico de série temporal. Foram analisados os dados dedemanda, de positividade dos exames anti-HIV e dos dias trabalhados, coletados de um banco de dados referentes ao período de 2005 a 2010. Os dados foramavaliados estatisticamente por uma série temporal e testes de hipótese para tendência e sazonalidade. O LCSPMV é referência na dosagem de carga viral e níveis deCD4 para todas as unidades de saúde da rede pública de Niterói e também atende à população oriunda dos municípios que fazem parte da Região MetropolitanaII.Esta é uma pesquisa inovadora, visto que ainda não foram encontrados artigos que correlacionem aumentos/diminuições das demandas de exames anti-HIV com osrespectivos meses dos anos.Resultados:No período de janeiro de 2005 até dezembro de 2010, registramos 64.505 exames sorológicos anti-HIV, sendo em 2005,17,44% (11.252); em 2006, 16,36% (10.557); em 2007, 17,81% (11.494); em 2008, 17,12% (11.046); em 2009, 16,20% (10.452); e em 2010,15,04%(9.704).

Introduction:HIV infection can lead to a progressive immunosuppression and result in an AIDS-related infections complex and other manifestations in affected individuals. Data from the AIDS 2012 Epidemiological Bulletin from 1980 to 2010 reported 241,662 deaths from AIDS in Brazil. Niterói, in Rio de Janeiro State, isa medium-sized city, of 500,000 in habitants approximately and expressive socioeconomic and cultural indicators.Objective:To evaluate the relations hip between seasonal demand and positivity of anti-HIV tests in the Miguelote Viana Public Health Central Laboratory located in Niterói.Methods:This is a temporal series analytical cross-sectional study. Anti-HIV tests demand, positivity and days worked by Miguelote Viana Public Health Central Laboratory were analyzed froma database for the period from 2005 to 2010. Data was then statistically evaluated through a temporal seriesand hypothesis testing on tendency and seasonality.Miguelote Viana Public Health Central Laboratory is a reference center for the dosage of viral load and CD4 levels for all public health units of Niterói; also attending to the population of cities in Metropolitan Region II. This is an innovative research, since articles that relate anti-HIV tests demand increase/decrease with the respective months of the year have not been found yet. As a result, we present graphs, tables and charts.Results:From January 2005 to December 2010,we have registered 64,505 serological tests for HIV, as follows: 17.44% (11,252) in 2005; 16.36% (10,557) in 2006; 17.81% (11,494) in 2007; 17.12% (11,046)in 2008; 16.20% (10,452) in 2009; and 15.04% (9,704) in 2010. In annual average, the days worked per month were as follows: 20in 2005; 19.5 in 2006; 19.8 in2007; 19.6 in 2008; 19.7 in 2009 and 19.3 in 2010. The monthly average of days worked in the six years studied was: 21 in Jan; 17.3 in February; 21.6 in March;17.3 in April; 20 in May; 18.6 in June; 21.6 in July; 22 in August; 20.3 in September; 20.3 in October; 17.3 in November and 18.6 days in December. The annual average of positivity in absolute numbers was as follows: 42.6 in 2005; 44.0 in 2006; 38.3 in 2007; 32.8 in 2008; 24.25 in 2009and 25.25 in 2010. The average positivity per month in the six years studied was the following: 39.3 in January; 29.3 in February; 40.8 in March; 31.8 in April; 31.1 in May; 34.6 in June; 33.8 inJuly; 38.6 in August; 35.0 in September; 34.8 in October; 31.5 in November and 33.6 in December. The average percentage of positivity per month was as follows:January (4.35), February (3.85), March (3.95), April (3.88), May (3.56), June (2.34), July (3.54), August (3.80), September (3.79), October (3.60), November (3.92)and December (3.75). In the studied period (2005-2010), Carnival holidays occurred in the month of February, on the following days: 8, 28, 20, 5, 24 and 16,respectively.Conclusion:We observed no seasonal relation between demand and positivity of anti-HIV tests carried out at Miguelote Viana Public Health Central Laboratory. A significant statistical decrease occurred in both anti-HIV tests demand and positivity during the studied years of the 2005-2010 series.

Iconografia das festas populares em Cândido Portinari: sentidos/significados das expressões carnavalescas / Iconography of popular festivals in Cândido Portinari: Senses/expressions meanings of carnival

O texto apresenta a pesquisa realizada sobre a iconografia das festas populares em Cândido Portinari, identificando como as imagens criam sentidos para o entendimento da cultura popular e de suas expressões simbólicas. Para tanto, foi necessário apresentar as telas pintadas por Portinari que caracterizam o sub-tema “festas populares”, mais especificamente, as telas relacionadas ao “carnaval”. Procuramos entender a iconografia de Portinari numa dimensão pedagógica voltada à educação física. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo iconográfico desenvolvido a partir da observação e descrição das imagens em telas, bem como da interpretação acerca do que elas permitem revelar, garantindo a análise objetiva e subjetiva do material de coleta. Tal investigação, enveredando-se pela cultura popular brasileira, reafirma a ideia de que as imagens do corpo festivo em Portinari são densa fonte de pesquisa e recurso pedagógico à área de educação física, merecendo ser potencializadas no processo de formação dos educandos.

The study presents research on the iconography of popular festivals in Cândido Portinari, identifying how images create meaning for the understanding of popular culture and its symbolic expressions. Thus, it was necessary to present the paintings painted by Portinari that characterize the sub-theme festivals, more specifically, the screens related to the carnival. We were understand its iconography the Portinari in a pedagogical dimension focused on physical education. This is a study of the iconographic type evolved from observation and description of the images on screens, as well as the interpretation of what they allow to reveal, ensuring objective analysis and subjective material collection. This research, by venturing to Brazilian popular culture, reaffirms the idea that the body images in festive Portinari are dense source of research and teaching resource for the area of physical education and deserve to be leveraged in the process of training of students.

Ingeniería ritual en la comunicación de masas: a propósito de los JJ. OO. de Río de Janeiro 2016 / Ritual engineering in the comunication of the masses: purpose of the JJ.OO. of Rio de Janeiro 2016

La próxima celebración, en Río de Janeiro, de los JJ.OO., donde anualmente se celebran los más conocidos carnavales, permite reflexionar sobre la ingeniería ritual en la comunicación de masas con la que están construidos estos espectáculos, realizada por los gobiernos para afirmar la identidad nacional, de cara a los propios ciudadanos y de cara, también, al mundo entero, sin olvidar la propaganda implícita de su "ethos burocrático". Los JJ.OO., tienen una estructura ritual, un sentido de fiesta y hasta son una religión civil, siendo la sinergia de estos tres componentes una poderosa fuerza de conducción y nacionalización de las masas.(AU)

The next celebration, in Rio de Janeiro, of JJ.OO., where every year are celebrate the most knows carnivals, make possible think about the ritual engineering in the communication of the masses, with that are building this spectacles. This ritual engineering is doing for the governments to confirm the national identity, for the own citizens and for, too all over the world, without forget the inside advertising of his "bureaucratic ethos". The JJ.OO., have a ritual structure, a sense of holiday and even a civil religion, being a synergy of this three components one powerful force of control and nationalization of the masses.(AU)

Ingeniería ritual en la comunicación de masas: a propósito de los JJ. OO. de Río de Janeiro 2016 / Ritual engineering in the comunication of the masses: purpose of the JJ.OO. of Rio de Janeiro 2016

La próxima celebración, en Río de Janeiro, de los JJ.OO., donde anualmente se celebran los más conocidos carnavales, permite reflexionar sobre la ingeniería ritual en la comunicación de masas con la que están construidos estos espectáculos, realizada por los gobiernos para afirmar la identidad nacional, de cara a los propios ciudadanos y de cara, también, al mundo entero, sin olvidar la propaganda implícita de su "ethos burocrático". Los JJ.OO., tienen una estructura ritual, un sentido de fiesta y hasta son una religión civil, siendo la sinergia de estos tres componentes una poderosa fuerza de conducción y nacionalización de las masas.

The next celebration, in Rio de Janeiro, of JJ.OO., where every year are celebrate the most knows carnivals, make possible think about the ritual engineering in the communication of the masses, with that are building this spectacles. This ritual engineering is doing for the governments to confirm the national identity, for the own citizens and for, too all over the world, without forget the inside advertising of his "bureaucratic ethos". The JJ.OO., have a ritual structure, a sense of holiday and even a civil religion, being a synergy of this three components one powerful force of control and nationalization of the masses.

Há aumento de dst no carnaval? Série temporal de diagnósticos em uma clínica de DST / Is there increase of std during carnival? Time series of diagnoses in a STD clinic

OBJETIVO: As doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST) são causas frequentes de procura por serviços de saúde. As campanhas de mídia sobre DST/Aids apoiam-se na hipótese de que há maior exposição às práticas de risco para DST na época do Carnaval. Nosso objetivo é estudar a distribuição temporal dos atendimentos de primeira vez em uma clínica de DST no período de janeiro de 1993 a dezembro de 2005, visando verificar se há um aumento sazonal após o Carnaval. MÉTODOS: Selecionamos 2.646 prontuários com diagnóstico de gonorreia, sífilis e tricomoníase de pacientes que procuraram o Setor de DST da Universidade Federal Fluminense em Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Na análise estatística, utilizamos observação da média padronizada do número de atendimentos para os 13 anos, mês a mês, ano a ano, observação da série suavizada pelo método Lowess e pelo método determinístico da média móvel. RESULTADOS: Os meses de julho e agosto concentraram o maior número de diagnósticos de gonorreia e sífilis e os de junho e julho, os de tricomoníase. A gonorreia apresentou um valor máximo em maio, tendendo a se reduzir até agosto. Com relação à sífilis, observou-se um número de diagnósticos constantes entre maio e agosto, havendo menor número em janeiro e fevereiro com pico em novembro. O comportamento sazonal para a tricomoníase exibiu um máximo de diagnóstico em julho com tendência consistente de redução até o mês de dezembro, e elevação a partir de janeiro. CONCLUSÃO: O Carnaval não influencia no aumento da ocorrência de gonorréia, sífilis e tricomoníase em pacientes atendidos em uma clínica de DST em Niterói, Rio de Janeiro.

OBJECTIVE: Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) are often the cause for search for medical assistance. Media campaigns on STD/Aids presume that exposure to sexual risk practices during Carnival is greater than in other periods of the year. The objective here is to study the temporal distribution of first consultations in a STD clinic, from January, 1993, to December, 2005, to verify whether there is a seasonal increase of STD after Carnival. METHODS: Two thousand, six hundred and fifty six (2,656) records of patients who had received a diagnosis of gonorrhea, syphilisor trichomoniasis were selected. These patients at the time had looked for assistance at the STD Division of the Universidade Federal Fluminense, in Niterói, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The standardized mean of the number of consultations during those 13 years, month by month, and year by year was observed in the statistical analysis and also smoothed series by the Lowess method and by the deterministic method of the variable mean was considered. RESULTS: July and August showed an increased number of diagnoses for gonorrhea and syphilis, while in June and July there was a concentration of trichomoniasis diagnoses. Gonorrhea presented its highest value in May, tending to a reduction until August. A constant number of syphilis diagnoses was noted between May and August, with a decreased number in January and February, reaching a peak in November. The seasonal behavior of trichomoniasis showed the greatest number of diagnoses in July, with a consistent reduction tendency until December, and an increase from January on. CONCLUSION: The Carnival period has no influence on the increase of gonorrhea, syphilis and trichomoniasis diagnoses in patients observed in a STD clinic in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro.