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1.
Anat Rec (Hoboken) ; 307(11): 3623-3648, 2024 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38618897

ABSTRACT

The atlas and axis are the first two vertebrae from the cervical series; these two vertebrae are responsible for neck flexion, extension, and rotation movements, while providing insertion points for muscles and tendons. Amphisbaenia is a group of fossorial squamates known for having four distinctive head shapes, which are related to different excavation methods. However, little is known about the relationship between these different digging patterns and the anatomy and evolution of the atlantoaxial complex. In this study, we used computed microtomography data to describe in detail of the atlantoaxial complex for 15 species, belonging to all six current families of Amphisbaenia. Furthermore, we evaluate evolutionary scenarios of selected characters related to the atlantoaxial complex in the most recent phylogeny for Amphisbaenia, using the criteria of parsimony and maximum likelihood. Our results indicate that the evolutionary pattern of the atlantoaxial complex presents a diversification in its morphology that is not always correlated with the shape of the head. This analysis reinforces the hypothesis of remarkable morphological convergences in the evolutionary history of Amphisbaenia. Additionally, some of the characters studied may represent independent evolution through convergence in some cases (e.g., horizontal axis of the neural column) and parallelism in others (e.g., present or absent from the transverse process).


Subject(s)
Atlanto-Axial Joint , Biological Evolution , Lizards , Animals , Atlanto-Axial Joint/anatomy & histology , Atlanto-Axial Joint/diagnostic imaging , Lizards/anatomy & histology , Phylogeny
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 37(3): 991-996, Sept. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012386

ABSTRACT

It is important to know the arterial anatomy within the lateral cervical region before the flap-planning. We evaluated the arterial anatomy in this area using multidetector computed tomography (CT) angiography and our aim was to establish the arterial variations. Both sides of individuals in a total number of 155 carotid CT angiographies are reviewed by using 64-detector CT, retrospectively. The variations of suprascapular artery, superficial cervical artery, dorsal scapular artery that are inclusive of the lateral cervical region were assessed. Three arteries originated individually in 67 (23.8 %) sides. They arose by trunk formation in 214 (76.2 %) sides. The most common type of trunk formation was cervicodorsal trunk (107; 38 %). The others were cervicoscapular trunk, cervicodorsoscapular trunk, dorsoscapular trunk and detected in 66 (23.4 %), 40 (14.3 %), 1 (0.3 %) sides, respectively. The origins of arteries within the lateral cervical region may show variations and they may originate from subclavian artery or its branches individually or by trunk formations. It may be beneficial to know these variations before the reconstructive surgical procedures in head and neck. CT angiography is a non-invasive method that enables to evaluate the arterial anatomy and variations in this area.


Es importante conocer la anatomía arterial de la región cervical lateral antes de la planificación de un colgajo. Evaluamos la anatomía arterial en esta área mediante angiografía con tomografía computarizada (TC) multidetector con el objetivo de establecer las variaciones arteriales. Se revisaron retrospectivamente un total de 155 angiografías de ambos lados de la región cervical lateral por tomografía computarizada multidetector. Se evaluaron las variaciones anatómicas de las arterias supraescapular, cervical superficial y escapular dorsal. Las tres arterias se originaron individualmente en 67 casos (23,8 %). Surgieron por formación de un tronco en 214 casos (76,2 %). El tipo más común de formación del tronco fue el tronco cervicodorsal (107 casos; 38 %). Los otros troncos hallados fueron: el tronco cervicoescapular, el tronco cervicodorsoescapular, el tronco dorsoescapular, en 66 casos (23,4 %), 40 casos (14,3 %) y 1 caso (0,3 %), respectivamente. Los orígenes de las arterias en la región cervical lateral pueden mostrar variaciones y las arterias pueden originarse desde la arteria subclavia o sus ramas, individualmente o por formaciones de tronco. Puede ser beneficioso conocer estas variaciones antes de los procedimientos quirúrgicos reconstructivos en cabeza y cuello. La angiografía por TC es un método no invasivo que permite evaluar la anatomía arterial y las variaciones en esta área.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Arteries/diagnostic imaging , Multidetector Computed Tomography , Computed Tomography Angiography/methods , Neck/blood supply , Arteries/anatomy & histology , Retrospective Studies , Anatomic Variation
3.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 37(11): 1345-1351, nov. 2017. graf, ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-23071

ABSTRACT

The giant anteater has specific anatomical adaptations resulting from its ant and termite feeding habits. The unique arrangement of its hyoid apparatus is essential for the ingestion of food. However, its description in the literature is based on fragments and fossils, making it difficult to determine existing anatomical details in live animals. Imaging techniques, which enable the topographical anatomy of animals to be examined noninvasively, provide essential information for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. The aim of this study is to describe the bone contours in the hyoid apparatus of the giant anteater by means of radiographic and tomographic images. Giant anteaters of varying ages from the Wild Animal Screening Center (CETAS-GO) were used, seven for X-ray exams and two adults for CT exams. The hyoid elements in all the animals were evaluated using the two imaging techniques, and were visualized in the cervical region of C2 to C6, which comprises three paired bones (stylohyoid, epihyoid, ceratohyoid) and one unpaired bone (basihyoid). The presence of air in the oropharynx enabled the assessment of soft tissue structures in this region, such as the epiglottis and the soft palate. CT axial sections are of limited usefulness for evaluating the hyoid bones, but enable assessments of the basihyoid bone and its characteristic V-shape. Thus, to analyze the hyoid region in anteaters based on radiographic and tomographic images, one must keep in mind that the stylohyoid, epihyoid and ceratohyoid bones are situated ventrally to the C2 to C5 vertebrae and that the basihyoid at the level of C5-C6 demarcates the transition between the nasopharynx and the trachea. The nasopharynx and oropharynx extend from C1 to C5, and the trachea begins at the level of C6.(AU)


O Tamanduá-Bandeira possui adaptações anatômicas específicas, devido aos hábitos alimentares de ingestão de formigas e cupins. O arranjo singular do aparato hioide dos tamanduás é fundamental para a ingestão de alimentos. Sua descrição na literatura é baseada em peças e fósseis, o que dificulta a determinação de detalhes anatômicos existentes em animais vivos. As técnicas de imagem permitem a avaliação da anatomia topográfica dos animais, de maneira não invasiva, e o conhecimento desta é fundamental para o diagnóstico e prognóstico de afecções. O objetivo desse trabalho foi descrever o contorno ósseo do aparato hioide do tamanduá-bandeira, por meio de imagens radiográficas e tomográficas. Foram utilizados tamanduás-bandeiras provenientes do Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres (CETAS-GO), sendo sete, de variadas idades, para os exames radiográficos e dois adultos para os tomográficos. Os elementos hioideos foram avaliados em todos os animais por meio de ambas as técnicas de imagem, sendo visibilizados na região cervical, de C2 até C6, composto por três elementos pares (estiloioide, epioide, ceratioide) e um elemento ímpar (basitireoide). A presença de ar na orofaringe permitiu a avaliação das estruturas de tecidos moles desta região, como a epiglote e o palato mole. Os cortes tomográficos axiais têm importância limitada na avaliação dos hioides, mas permitem a avaliação do basitireoide e de seu formato característico (V-bone). Desta forma, para avaliar a região hioidea por meio dos exames radiográficos e tomográficos em tamanduás-bandeira, deve-se considerar que os ossos estiloioide, epioide e ceratioide localizam-se ventral às vértebras C2 até C5 e o basitireoide, em C5-C6, delimita a transição entre a nasofaringe e a traqueia. A orofaringe e a nasofaringe estendem-se de C1 a C5, e a traqueia inicia-se a partir de C6.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Hyoid Bone/anatomy & histology , Oropharynx/anatomy & histology , Xenarthra/anatomy & histology , Xenarthra/physiology , Hyoid Bone/diagnostic imaging , Oropharynx/diagnostic imaging
4.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; Pesqui. vet. bras;37(11): 1345-1351, Nov. 2017. graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-895373

ABSTRACT

The giant anteater has specific anatomical adaptations resulting from its ant and termite feeding habits. The unique arrangement of its hyoid apparatus is essential for the ingestion of food. However, its description in the literature is based on fragments and fossils, making it difficult to determine existing anatomical details in live animals. Imaging techniques, which enable the topographical anatomy of animals to be examined noninvasively, provide essential information for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. The aim of this study is to describe the bone contours in the hyoid apparatus of the giant anteater by means of radiographic and tomographic images. Giant anteaters of varying ages from the Wild Animal Screening Center (CETAS-GO) were used, seven for X-ray exams and two adults for CT exams. The hyoid elements in all the animals were evaluated using the two imaging techniques, and were visualized in the cervical region of C2 to C6, which comprises three paired bones (stylohyoid, epihyoid, ceratohyoid) and one unpaired bone (basihyoid). The presence of air in the oropharynx enabled the assessment of soft tissue structures in this region, such as the epiglottis and the soft palate. CT axial sections are of limited usefulness for evaluating the hyoid bones, but enable assessments of the basihyoid bone and its characteristic V-shape. Thus, to analyze the hyoid region in anteaters based on radiographic and tomographic images, one must keep in mind that the stylohyoid, epihyoid and ceratohyoid bones are situated ventrally to the C2 to C5 vertebrae and that the basihyoid at the level of C5-C6 demarcates the transition between the nasopharynx and the trachea. The nasopharynx and oropharynx extend from C1 to C5, and the trachea begins at the level of C6.(AU)


O Tamanduá-Bandeira possui adaptações anatômicas específicas, devido aos hábitos alimentares de ingestão de formigas e cupins. O arranjo singular do aparato hioide dos tamanduás é fundamental para a ingestão de alimentos. Sua descrição na literatura é baseada em peças e fósseis, o que dificulta a determinação de detalhes anatômicos existentes em animais vivos. As técnicas de imagem permitem a avaliação da anatomia topográfica dos animais, de maneira não invasiva, e o conhecimento desta é fundamental para o diagnóstico e prognóstico de afecções. O objetivo desse trabalho foi descrever o contorno ósseo do aparato hioide do tamanduá-bandeira, por meio de imagens radiográficas e tomográficas. Foram utilizados tamanduás-bandeiras provenientes do Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres (CETAS-GO), sendo sete, de variadas idades, para os exames radiográficos e dois adultos para os tomográficos. Os elementos hioideos foram avaliados em todos os animais por meio de ambas as técnicas de imagem, sendo visibilizados na região cervical, de C2 até C6, composto por três elementos pares (estiloioide, epioide, ceratioide) e um elemento ímpar (basitireoide). A presença de ar na orofaringe permitiu a avaliação das estruturas de tecidos moles desta região, como a epiglote e o palato mole. Os cortes tomográficos axiais têm importância limitada na avaliação dos hioides, mas permitem a avaliação do basitireoide e de seu formato característico (V-bone). Desta forma, para avaliar a região hioidea por meio dos exames radiográficos e tomográficos em tamanduás-bandeira, deve-se considerar que os ossos estiloioide, epioide e ceratioide localizam-se ventral às vértebras C2 até C5 e o basitireoide, em C5-C6, delimita a transição entre a nasofaringe e a traqueia. A orofaringe e a nasofaringe estendem-se de C1 a C5, e a traqueia inicia-se a partir de C6.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Hyoid Bone/anatomy & histology , Oropharynx/anatomy & histology , Xenarthra/anatomy & histology , Xenarthra/physiology , Hyoid Bone/diagnostic imaging , Oropharynx/diagnostic imaging
5.
Medisan ; 20(2)feb.-feb. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-774473

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente ecuatoriana de 58 años, blanca, con antecedentes de hernias discales en regiones cervical y lumbar, quien hace 2 años asistió a la Consulta de Dermatología por presentar cambio de coloración en la uña del tercer dedo de la mano derecha, síntomas que se correspondían con un lentigo simple. En esta ocasión acude con destrucción de la lámina ungueal y aumento de la coloración que se extiende a todo el pulpejo del dedo, por lo cual se le realizó otra biopsia y se confirmó el diagnóstico histológico de melanoma lentiginoso acral (in situ).


The case report of a 58 years white patient is presented with a history of disk herniation in cervical and lumbar regions, who 2 years ago attended the Dermatology Service due to a color change in the fingernail of the third finger of her right hand, symptoms that belonged to a lentigo simplex. In this occasion she presented destruction of the ungueal bed and increase of color which covers the whole fingertip, so another biopsy was carried out and the histological diagnosis of acral lentiginous melanoma (in situ) was confirmed.


Subject(s)
Lentigo , Melanoma , Intervertebral Disc Displacement , Lumbosacral Region
6.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 65(3): 649-653, jun. 2013. ilus
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-9696

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se descrever a ocorrência de lesão iatrogênica meningomedular em um cão da raça Dachshund, macho, oito anos de idade, apresentando tetraparesia flácida há dois meses, que foi submetido à espondilectomia ventral para tratamento de extrusão crônica de disco intervertebral cervical. Durante remoção do material de disco herniado com removedores de tártaro e pinça hemostática, observou-se severa hemorragia dos seios venosos, descolamento meníngeo com laceração medular e imediata queda dos parâmetros cardiovasculorrespiratório, com evolução para a morte ante a ausência de respostas às medidas de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar.(AU)


Our objective was to describe the occurrence of an iatrogenic meningo-medullary lesion and the trans-surgical complications in an eight-year-old male Daschund, which presented flacid tetraparesis for two months, and underwent ventral spondylectomy to treat a chronic cervical intervertebral disc extrusion. During the removal of the herniated disc with dental picks and hemostatic forceps, we observed meningeal dislocation with medullary laceration and an immediate reduction in cardiovasculatory and respiratory parameters, which progressed to a cardiorespiratory arrest that was non-responsive to medication and finally led to the death of the patient.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Wounds and Injuries , Spine/anatomy & histology , Intervertebral Disc/anatomy & histology , Posture , Dogs
7.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online);65(3): 649-653, June 2013. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-679093

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se descrever a ocorrência de lesão iatrogênica meningomedular em um cão da raça Dachshund, macho, oito anos de idade, apresentando tetraparesia flácida há dois meses, que foi submetido à espondilectomia ventral para tratamento de extrusão crônica de disco intervertebral cervical. Durante remoção do material de disco herniado com removedores de tártaro e pinça hemostática, observou-se severa hemorragia dos seios venosos, descolamento meníngeo com laceração medular e imediata queda dos parâmetros cardiovasculorrespiratório, com evolução para a morte ante a ausência de respostas às medidas de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar.


Our objective was to describe the occurrence of an iatrogenic meningo-medullary lesion and the trans-surgical complications in an eight-year-old male Daschund, which presented flacid tetraparesis for two months, and underwent ventral spondylectomy to treat a chronic cervical intervertebral disc extrusion. During the removal of the herniated disc with dental picks and hemostatic forceps, we observed meningeal dislocation with medullary laceration and an immediate reduction in cardiovasculatory and respiratory parameters, which progressed to a cardiorespiratory arrest that was non-responsive to medication and finally led to the death of the patient.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Spine/anatomy & histology , Intervertebral Disc/anatomy & histology , Posture , Wounds and Injuries , Dogs
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