Ultrasonic Sensor: A Fast and Non-Destructive System to Measure the Viscosity and Density of Molecular Fluids.

This study presents the design and development of an ultrasonic sensor as a fundamental tool for characterizing the properties of fluids and biofluids. The analysis primarily focuses on measuring the electrical parameters of the system, which correlate with the density and viscosity of the solutions, in sample volumes of microliters and with high temporal resolution (up to 1 data point per second). The use of this sensor allows the fast and non-destructive evaluation of the viscosity and density of fluids deposited on its free surface. The measurements are based on obtaining the impedance versus frequency curve and the phase difference curve (between current and voltage) versus frequency. In this way, characteristic parameters of the transducer, such as the resonance frequency, phase, minimum impedance, and the quality factor of the resonant system, can characterize variations in density and viscosity in the fluid under study. The results obtained revealed the sensor's ability to identify two parameters sensitive to viscosity and two parameters sensitive to density. As a proof of concept, the unfolding of the bovine albumin protein was studied, resulting in a curve that reflects its unfolding kinetics in the presence of urea.

Pressurized liquid extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of beta-ecdysone extracted from Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen.

Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen has among its main bioactive compounds saponins, with the phytoestroid ß-ecdysone as its chemical marker. In this study, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), a green extraction technique used to obtain bioactive compounds from plants, was employed to extract beta-ecdysone from P. glomerata leaves, stems, and roots. The 22 factorial design was used with the variables temperature (333 K and 353 K) and flow rate (1.5 and 2 mL min-1), pressure (300 Bar), time (60 min), and solvent [ethanol and distilled water (70:30 (v/v)] were kept constant for all parts of the plant. The results of experimental responses demonstrated that the factors temperature and flow rate significantly interfere with the yields of leaf (0.499%), root (0.65%) and stem (0.764%) extracts. The latter presented presents the highest yield compared to the other parts of the plant. HPLC results showed the presence of beta-ecdysone in all parts of the plant with concentrations of ß-ecdysone 86.82, 76.53 and 195.86 mg L-1 to leaf, root and stem, respectively. FT Raman results exhibited typical peaks of beta-ecdysone, such as 3310 cm-1, 1654 cm-1, and 1073 cm-1 for all plant parts. Another interesting result was the presence of the peak at 1460 cm-1 in the PLE root extract can be associated with selenium. This foundational knowledge confirms that the PLE extraction process was efficient in obtaining the chemical marker of Pfaffia glomerata in all plant parts.

Influence of Host Plants and Tending Ants on the Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profile of a Generalist Myrmecophilous Caterpillar.

In myrmecophilous organisms, which live in symbiosis with ants, cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) play a pivotal role in interspecific communication and defense against chemical-oriented predators. Although these interactions form complex information webs, little is known about the influence of biotic environmental factors on the CHC profiles of myrmecophiles. Here, we analyzed the effect of different host plants and tending ants on the larval CHC profile of Synargis calyce (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), a polyphagous species with facultative myrmecophily. Groups of caterpillars were fed individually with three host plant species (without tending ants), and with two tending ant species. Through gas chromatography analysis, we compared the cuticular profiles of treatments and found a high similarity between plants and caterpillars (65-82%), but a low similarity between caterpillars and their tending ants (30 - 25%). Cluster analysis showed that caterpillars, ants, and plants form distinct groups, indicating that S. calyce caterpillars have their own chemical profile. These results are similar to those observed for Lycaenidae caterpillars indicating that there is functional convergence in the chemical strategies used by myrmecophilous caterpillar species with similar ecology. Also, the results suggest that the cuticular compounds of S. calyce are primarily influenced by their host plants rather than their tending ants. Thus, we propose that these caterpillars present a trade-off between camouflage and directly informing their presence to ants, maintaining their unique chemical profile, though slightly affected by biotic environmental factors.

Anatomical features of ecological importance and taxonomic value revealed by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy in Camonea umbellata (L.) A.R. Simões & Staples (Convolvulaceae).

This article describes detailed and novel data on the anatomy and histochemistry of leaves, stems, and roots of Camonea umbellata (L.) A.R.Simões & Staples in different environments for the identification of characters with taxonomical value and of ecological importance, with provision of light and scanning electron microscopy images. To analyze the characters, we collected samples of the vegetative organs of three individuals in each of three populations, which were in a grazing area, an urban environment, and a biological reserve. The main diagnostic anatomical markers for the identification of C. umbellata include amphistomatic leaves, tetracytic and brachyparatetracytic stomata, peltate trichomes, long simple trichomes, epidermis with striated cuticle ornamentation, mesophyll with acute borders, presence of druses, secretory channels, angular collenchyma, fibrous pericycle in the stem, intraxylary phloem in the vegetative organs, oil bodies throughout the midrib, petiole, stem and root, and epicuticular waxes of the crust and coiled rodlet types. Since the characters above did not show variation in the environments evaluated, we consider these characters taxonomically useful for the identification of C. umbellata. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The anatomy of the aerial vegetative organs of Camonnea umbellata retains common Convolvulaceae characters. The sinuosity of the epidermal cell walls and the density of trichomes in the epidermis of the petiole were visually variable characters among the analyzed individuals. Amphistomatic leaves, tetracytic and brachyparatetracytic stomata, peltate trichomes, epidermis with striated cuticle ornamentation, dorsiventral mesophyll with border acute, presence of druses, secretory structures, angular collenchyma, fibrous pericycle in the stem, intraxillary phloem, presence of oil bodies in all organs, and epicuticular waxes of the crust type and coiled rods were considered important anatomical markers for the recognition and correct identification of Camonea umbellata.

Fungicide potential of citronella and tea tree essential oils against tomato cultivation's phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and analysis of their chemical composition by GC/MS.

Tomato is one of the most produced and consumed fruits in the world. However, it is a crop that faces several phytosanitary problems, such as fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate citronella and melaleuca essential oils in vitro potential in the fungus F. oxysporum management. The chemical identification of the components in the essential oils was performed by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometer detectors. The IC50 and IC90 were determined by linear regression and the percentage of inhibition of the fungus by analysis of variance. The major compounds in citronella essential oil were citronellal, Geraniol, and citronellol; in melaleuca (tea tree) oil were terpinen-4-ol and α-terpinene. Both oils promoted more significant inhibition at concentrations of 1.5 and 2.5 µL/mL, besides not presenting significant differences with commercial fungicides, confirming the high potential for using this control method in agriculture.

Anandamide reduces the migration of lymphocytes to the intestine by CB2 activation and reduces TNF-α in the target organs, protecting mice from graft-versus-host disease.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a serious inflammatory illness that often occurs as a secondary complication of bone marrow transplantation. Current therapies have limited effectiveness and fail to achieve a balance between inflammation and the graft-versus-tumor effect. In this study, we investigate the effects of the endocannabinoid anandamide on the complex pathology of GVHD. We assess the effects of an irreversible inhibitor of fatty acid amine hydrolase or exogenous anandamide and find that they increase survival and reduce clinical signs in GVHD mice. In the intestine of GVHD mice, treatment with exogenous anandamide also leads to a reduction in the number of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, and CD3+CD8+ cells, which reduces the activation of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ cells, as assessed by enhanced CD28 expression, a T cell co-stimulatory molecule. Exogenous AEA was also able to reduce TNF-α and increase IL-10 in the intestine of GVHD mice. In the liver, exogenous AEA reduces injury, TNF-α levels, and the number of CD3+CD8+ cells. Interestingly, anandamide reduces Mac-1α, which lowers the adhesion of transplanted cells in mesenteric veins. These effects are mimicked by JWH133-a CB2 selective agonist-and abolished by treatment with a CB2 antagonist. Furthermore, the effects caused by anandamide treatment on survival were related to the CB2 receptor, as the CB2 antagonist abolished it. This study shows the critical role of the CB2 receptor in the modulation of the inflammatory response of GVHD by treatment with anandamide, the most prominent endocannabinoid.

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, Cytoprotective and In Silico Study of Ethanolic Extracts of Bougainvillea × buttiana (Var. Orange and Rose).

Bougainvillea × buttiana is a plant widely used in traditional Mexican medicine and other parts of the world for the treatment of various health disorders. In this study, the antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of three ethanolic extracts of B. × buttiana (BxbO (Orange), BxbR1 (Rose1) and BxbR2 (Rose2)) were investigated. Antioxidant activities were determined by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), DPPH free radicals scavenging activity, and radical scavenging effects on nitric oxide (NO). The in vitro cytoprotective effect of the extracts against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide-(H2O2) in a model of L929 cells was also determined as well as NO uptake with or without H2O2 through the MTT assay. The results revealed that there was a difference between the compounds present in each of the extracts, with the 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid compound being observed in all the extracts. The 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid compound was tested in silico to predict its biological (PASSonline) and toxicological (Osiris Property Explorer) activity. All extracts with 1 to 4 mg/mL inhibited the activity of the NO radical. In cells exposed to 1 mg/mL of extracts followed by H2O2 exposure, cell protection ranged from 66.96 to 83.46%. The treatment of the cells with extracts prevented the morphological changes caused by H2O2. The 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid compound showed a probability of in silico antioxidant and cytoprotective activity greater than 0.5 and 0.6, respectively. Therefore, the results demonstrated that Bxb extracts exert antioxidant and protective activities against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in L929 cells.

Evaluating the effect of curcumin on the metacestode of Taenia crassiceps.

Curcumin, a curcuminoid present in the rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa has multiple pharmacological effects including anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. This work evaluates the anthelmintic effect of the curcumin molecule (98% pure) on Taenia crassiceps cysticerci viability in vitro. Cysticerci incubated in the presence of increasing concentrations of curcumin showed a dose-dependent mortality correlated with a significant increase in the production of reactive oxygen species and a partial inhibition of thioredoxin-glutathione reductase, the only disulfide reductase present in these parasites. At 500 µM curcumin, a 100% of cysticerci lethality was obtained after 2 h of treatment. These results suggest the curcumin-induced oxidative stress could be in the origin of the anthelminthic effect of curcumin. Mice with cysticerci were injected intraperitoneally with 20, 40, or 60 mM curcumin daily for 30 days. A decrease in the burden of cysticerci (46%) was observed with a 60 mM dose of curcumin, supporting this compound as a potential anthelmintic drug.

Bringing the Spotlight to Tau and TDP-43 in Frontotemporal Dementia: A Review of Promising Chemical Compounds.

There is a wide variety of neurodegenerative diseases, among which frontotemporal dementia stands out. These are the second most frequent cause of dementia in the world and demand the search for an effective treatment. This disease is linked to the abnormal behavior of proteins, which group together to form insoluble aggregates. It has been shown that the tau protein and TDP-43 are the main proteins involved in these pathologies. This article details 11 compounds already used in different neuropathologies, which may serve as potential drugs against these proteins. The mechanism of how most of these molecules inhibited the tau and TDP-43 aggregation process was highlighted. Importantly, Curcumin, Proanthocyanidin B2, Oleocanthal, Oleuropein Aglycone, Thionine, and Resveratrol had been reported as direct inhibitors of tau. While 4-aminoquinoline, Dimethoxycurcumin, and Auranofin directly inhibited TDP-43. Epigallocatechin- 3- gallate and Methylene Blue were described as tau and TDP-43 inhibitors. In this review, it is proposed that future research could elucidate the detailed inhibition mechanisms of these compounds to obtain relevant data to advance in treatments search for these coexisting proteins in frontotemporal dementia.

Toxic Potential of Cerrado Plants on Different Organisms.

Cerrado has many compounds that have been used as biopesticides, herbicides, medicines, and others due to their highly toxic potential. Thus, this review aims to present information about the toxicity of Cerrado plants. For this purpose, a review was performed using PubMed, Science Direct, and Web Of Science databases. After applying exclusion criteria, 187 articles published in the last 20 years were selected and analyzed. Detailed information about the extract preparation, part of the plant used, dose/concentration tested, model system, and employed assay was provided for different toxic activities described in the literature, namely cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal, antiparasitic, and molluscicidal activities. In addition, the steps to execute research on plant toxicity and the more common methods employed were discussed. This review synthesized and organized the available research on the toxic effects of Cerrado plants, which could contribute to the future design of new environmentally safe products.

Aquatic pollutants are associated with reproductive alterations and genotoxicity in estuarine fish (Sciades herzbergii - Bloch, 1794) from the Amazon Equatorial Coast / Poluentes aquáticos estão associados a alterações reprodutivas e genotoxicidade em peixe estuarino (Sciades herzbergii - Bloch, 1794) da Costa Equatorial Amazônica

Estuaries are constantly subject to continuous environmental impacts of human activities, such as fisheries, port or industry, and domestic sewage, with fish being one of the most affected aquatic animals, reflecting the impacts directly on their bodies. Thus, the aim of this study was to carry out the biomonitoring of an estuary located on the Amazonian Equatorial Coast through analysis of PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) in the water, in addition to trace metals, histopathological alterations and analysis of erythrocyte micronuclei in Sciades herzbergii. S. herzbergii was used as a model species, due to its estuarine-resident behavior. Gonad and gill samples were subjected to histopathological evaluations. The quantification of trace metals was performed in samples of skeletal muscles of the animals collected, where concentrations of Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe) and Aluminum (Al) were found. Except for Cadmium (Cd), all the concentrations were above the recommended limits. The PAHs analysis revealed the presence of Naphthalene and Acenaphthene in the water samples Histopathological and genotoxic analyses revealed of lesions in 100% of the study specimens. Thus, the histological and genotoxic alterations found in 100% of S. herzbergii specimens captured in São José Bay-MA are potentially associated with PAH concentrations present in the water. These results are potentially associated with the presence of PAH and trace metals, both in water and in animal tissues, inferring a general scenario of environmental contamination which directly implies a risk to the health and survival of the local biota. This study shows the relevance of continuous biomonitoring of estuarine ecosystems, in order to guide authorities regarding sewage management and ensure the evolutionary development of estuarine species, especially fishes of importance in the local cuisine, therefore related to human food security.

Os estuários estão constantemente sujeitos a impactos ambientais de atividades antropogênicas, como pesca, movimentação portuária, indústria ou esgoto doméstico, onde os peixes são um dos animais aquáticos mais atingidos, sendo capazes de refletir os impactos diretamente em seu organismo. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi realizar o biomonitoramento de um estuário da Costa Equatorial Amazônica por meio de análises de PAHs (Hidrocarboneto Policiclico Aromáticos) na água, além de metais traços, alterações histopatológicas e análises de micronúcleos eritrocitários em Sciades herzbergii.. O S. herzbergii foi utilizado como espécie modelo, devido seu comportamento estuarino residente. Amostras de gônadas e brânquias foram submetidas a avaliações histopatológicas. A quantificação de metais traços foi realizada em amostras de músculos esqueléticos dos animais coletados, onde foram encontrados teores de Chumbo (Pb), Cobre (Cu), Zinco (Zn), Cádmio (Cd), Magnésio (Mg), Ferro (Fe) e Alumínio (AL), e foram encontradas em concentrações acima dos limites recomendados, à exceção do Cádmio (Cd). A análise dos PAHs revelou a presença de Naftaleno e Acenafteno nas amostras de água. Análises histopatológicas e genotóxicas revelaram lesões em 100% dos espécimes estudados, resultados estes, potencialmente associados à presença de PAH e de metais traços, tanto na água quanto nos tecidos animais, comprovando um cenário geral de contaminação ambiental implicando diretamente em risco à saúde e sobrevivência da biota local. Esse estudo mostra a relevância do biomonitoramento contínuo dos ecossistemas estuarinos, afim de nortear autoridades no manejo de efluentes e assegurar o desenvolvimento evolutivo de espécies estuarinas, sobretudo dos peixes de importância na culinária regional, diretamente relacionados à segurança alimentar humana.

Avocado seeds (Persea americana cv. Criollo sp.): Lipophilic compounds profile and biological activities.

This study aimed to evaluate the volatile or lipophilic chemical profiling and the biological activities of avocado (Persea americana cv. Criollo sp.) seed extracts. Chemical profile of volatile compounds (GC/MS), antioxidant properties (phenolic compounds, DPPH radical scavenging activities and reducing power), and antimicrobial activity (Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus) of avocado (Persea americana cv. Criollo sp.) seed extracts (ethanol and acetone) were characterized. Sixteen volatile chemical compounds were determined, including isoprenoid derivatives (estragole), esters of fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic acids), and their derivatives (9,12-Octadecadien-1-ol and 9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol). Acetone was the best solvent to obtain volatile compounds from avocado seed; this extract also showed a higher reducing power (56.35 mg AAE/100 g). Maximum S. aureus and S. Typhimurium log reductions were 4.0 ± 0.3 and 1.8 ± 0.3 at the highest amount used (2000 mg/L), without significant effect (p < 0.05) of the solvent used. According to the results of the volatile chemical profiling of avocado (Persea americana cv. Criollo sp.) seed extracts, they can have potential application as antioxidant (212.75 and 183.75 mg Trolox/100 g) and antimicrobial additives.

Phytochemistry and teratogenic potential of Mimosa tenuiflora (willd.) poir. (Fabaceae) in ruminants: A systematic review.

Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. (Fabaceae) is a plant native to Brazil and occurs in the phytogeographic domains of Caatinga and Cerrado. Relevant studies have investigated the chemical components of this plant and others have already demonstrated its teratogenic potential. It has been proven that this plant causes congenital malformations in farm animals and, consequently, financial losses to farmers in the Brazilian semiarid region. The present work aimed to carry out a bibliographic survey on the teratogenic effects of M. tenuiflora in ruminants and to group the chemical compounds occurring in this species. For this, databases were consulted and twenty-four articles published in the last 30 years (1990-2020) were included. According to the scientific documents analyzed, M. tenuiflora has embryotoxic, fetotoxic and abortive potential in farm animals, especially sheep and goats. The main classes of chemical compounds present in this species are alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and terpenoids. It is likely that some of these substances, mainly the indole alkaloid N,N-dimethyltryptamine, are related to the teratogenic effects reported in ruminants in the Brazilian semiarid region.

Estudo comparativo das emissões otoacústicas evocadas em trabalhadores marítimos Offshore e Onshore / Comparative Study of Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions in Offshore and Onshore Seafaring Workers

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a função coclear de trabalhadores marítimos Offshore e Onshore de uma empresa naval da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e estimar a magnitude de associação entre a exposição ocupacional ao ruído e/ou substâncias químicas e alterações na função coclear. Método Neste estudo, foram avaliados trabalhadores marítimos entre 20-49 anos, de ambos os gêneros, sem queixas auditivas, distribuídos em dois grupos: o Grupo Offshore, que operam em alto mar com exposição ocupacional; e o Grupo Onshore, que operam em escritórios sem exposição ocupacional. Para avaliação da função coclear, foram realizados os exames de emissões otoacústicas evocadas por estímulo transiente (EOAT) e por produto de distorção (EOAPD). Resultados As respostas das EOAT e EOAPD foram, em média, menores no Grupo Offshore, para todas as frequências analisadas. A proporção de falhas observadas também foi maior no grupo de exposição (Offshore), tanto no critério geral quanto por frequência específica, principalmente para as frequências mais agudas de cada teste, 4 kHz para EOAT e 6 kHz para EOAPD. Conclusão Os resultados sugerem que a exposição a ruído e/ou a substâncias químicas pode contribuir significativamente para alterações da função coclear de trabalhadores marítimos, mesmo antes de manifestarem queixas auditivas.

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the cochlear function of offshore and onshore seafaring workers of a naval company in the city of Rio de Janeiro and to estimate the degree of association between occupational exposure to noise and/or chemical substances and alteration in cochlear function. Methods This study evaluated seafaring workers aged 20 to 49, of both genders, without auditory symptoms, divided into two groups: the Offshore Group, operating in the high seas with occupational exposure; and the Onshore Group, operating in offices without occupational exposure. Exams were performed to evaluate cochlear function, including transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). Results The TEOAE and DPOAE responses were on average lower in the Offshore Group, for all frequencies analyzed. The proportion of failures observed was also higher in the exposure group (Offshore), for general response and specific frequency, mainly for the frequencies of 4 kHz for TEOAE and 6 kHz for DPOAE. Conclusion The results suggest that exposure to noise and/or chemical substances can contribute to alterations in cochlear function in seafarers even without manifesting auditory symptoms.

Parasitism, host feeding, and transgenerational effects of three insecticides on the eulophid parasitoid Tamarixia triozae when exposed in the immature stages.

The ectoparasitoid Tamarixia triozae is a promising biological control agent of the tomato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli, based on its high parasitism rates on different crops. The parasitism, host feeding, and transgenerational effects (in terms of sex ratio) of T. triozae females exposed to three insecticides (soybean oil, imidacloprid, and abamectin) as eggs, larvae, and pupae were evaluated when a mixture of second, third, fourth, and fifth instars of the host B. cockerelli was offered. The concentrations bioassayed of each insecticide corresponded to the minimum field-registered concentration [MiFRC] and one-half the MiFRC. No parasitism of B. cockerelli second instars was recorded when parasitoid's females were exposed in any of the three immature stages to any of the insecticides. In contrast, in some cases, parasitism of T. triozae females treated as eggs, larvae, or pupae with soybean oil and imidacloprid was reduced in third, fourth, or fifth instar. In most cases, the host feeding was reduced in second and third instar of the host B. cockerelli when T. triozae females were treated as eggs, larvae, or pupae. Any insecticide modified the sex ratio in the F2 generation. In conclusion, both parasitism and host feeding were affected by the insecticides depending on the concentration and on the nymphal instar of the host B. cockerelli offered.

Factors associated with self-reported exposure to chemical substances at work in Brazil: results from the National Health Survey, 2013 / Exposição a agentes químicos no trabalho no Brasil: resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of self-reported exposure to chemical substances at work and its associated factors in a sample of Brazilian adults that participated in the National Health Survey, conducted between 2013 and 2014. METHODS Our sample consisted of adults aged 18 years or older that answered question E1 of module E: "In the week of July 21-27, 2013 (reference week), did you work as regular employee or intern for at least an hour in any activity paid with cash?" Sociodemographic data, situation and health behaviors were analyzed with single and multivariate binary logistic regression. The model was adjusted by the variables of all groups, adopting a 5% significance level. The values of odds ratio (OR) and respective confidence intervals were obtained. RESULTS Women (OR = 0.74; 95%CI 0.66-0.82) had a lower chance of exposure to chemicals. The highest chances were observed in groups with no instruction or that attended up to middle-school (OR = 1.77; 95%CI 1.50-2.08), high school (OR = 1.62; 95%CI 1.37-1.91), age between 25 and 54 years (OR = 1.26; 95%CI 1.07-1.48), current smokers (OR = 1.21; 95%CI 1.07-1.37), who reported tiredness (OR = 1.35; 95%CI 1.21-1.50), hearing difficulties (OR = 1.24; 95%CI 1.04-1.48) and who reported having suffered an accident at work (OR = 2.00; 95%CI 1.57-2.54). CONCLUSIONS The unprecedented results cover the entire workforce. Positive associations with hearing loss, smoking and history of work accidents are consistent, as well as the inverse association with education level and gender differences. The absence of association with asthma was surprising. To fill gaps in investigations on chronic non-communicable diseases, we suggested improving the PNS collection instrument in the occupational dimension.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever os fatores associados e a prevalência de exposição autorrelatada a substâncias químicas no trabalho em uma amostra de adultos brasileiros que participaram da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, realizada entre 2013 e 2014. MÉTODOS A amostra para análise da exposição foi constituída por trabalhadores com 18 anos ou mais de idade que responderam à questão E1 do módulo E: "Na semana de 21 a 27 de julho de 2013 (semana de referência), você trabalhou ou estagiou, durante pelo menos uma hora, em alguma atividade remunerada em dinheiro?" Os dados sociodemográficos, situação e comportamentos de saúde foram analisados com regressão logística binária uni e multivariada. O modelo foi ajustado pelas variáveis de todos os blocos, adotando-se o nível de significância de 5%. Obtiveram-se os valores de odds ratio (OR) e respectivos intervalos de confiança. RESULTADOS Mulheres (OR = 0,74; IC95% 0,66-0,82) tiveram menor chance de exposição a substâncias químicas. As maiores chances foram observadas nos grupos com nível fundamental de instrução ou sem instrução (OR = 1,77; IC95% 1,50-2,08), nível médio de instrução (OR = 1,62; IC95% 1,37-1,91), idade entre 25 e 54 anos (OR = 1,26; IC95% 1,07-1,48), fumantes atuais (OR = 1,21; IC95% 1,07-1,37), com problemas de cansaço (OR = 1,35; IC95% 1,21-1,50), com dificuldade auditiva (OR = 1,24; IC95% 1,04-1,48) e que relataram ter sofrido acidente de trabalho (OR = 2,00; IC95% 1,57-2,54). CONCLUSÕES Os resultados inéditos abrangem o conjunto da força de trabalho. Associações positivas com cansaço, dificuldade auditiva, acidentes de trabalho e tabagismo, assim como a associação inversa com o nível de escolaridade, além das diferenças de gênero, são consistentes. A ausência de associação com asma foi surpreendente. A fim de preencher lacunas nas investigações sobre doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em adultos, sugere-se aperfeiçoar o instrumento da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde na dimensão ocupacional.

Occupational exposure and poisoning by chemical products in the Federal District / Exposición e intoxicación ocupacional a productos químicos en el Distrito Federal / Exposição e intoxicação ocupacional a produtos químicos no Distrito Federal

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe case of occupational exposure to chemical products. Method: descriptive retrospective study using record data of 382 workers assisted in the Outpatient Care for Occupational Toxicology of the Reference Center of Workers' Health of the Federal District, between 2009 and 2013. Results: From the total, 66.7% were men, 55.2% had up to 9 years of activity and 81% did not use personal protective equipment (PPE). Nearly 60% were farmers and environmental surveillance agents, exposed to pesticides (63%), of which 40% were organophosphorus insecticides. The majority (68%) presented butyrylcholinesterase activity decreased, mostly farmers (85.9%); 57.3% of workers were considered poisoned - 61.6% by pesticides and 37.9% by industrial chemicals -, and away from work for at least 10 days. Conclusion: The profile was male workers, from 30 to 39 years, which not used PPE, indicating the need for prevention together with them to prevent poisonings.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir casos de exposición ocupacional a productos químicos. Método: estudio retrospectivo descriptivo utilizando datos del prontuario de 382 trabajadores atendidos en el Ambulatorio de Toxicología Ocupacional del Centro de Referencia en Salud del Trabajador del Distrito Federal entre 2009 y 2013. Resultados: El 66,7% eran hombres, el 55,2% tenía hasta 9 años de actividad y el 81% no usaba el equipo de protección individual (EPI). Casi el 60% eran agricultores y agentes de vigilancia ambiental, expuestos a agrotóxicos (63%), de los cuales 40% insecticidas organofosforados. La mayoría (68%) presentó actividad de butirilcolinesterasa disminuida, principalmente agricultores (85,9%); el 57,3% de los trabajadores fueron considerados intoxicados, 61,6% por agrotóxicos y 37,9% por productos químicos industriales, y alejados del trabajo por lo menos 10 días. Conclusión: El perfil de los trabajadores atendidos fue de hombres, predominantemente de 30 a 39 años, que no utilizaban el EPI, indicando la necesidad de acciones de prevención junto a esa población para evitar la ocurrencia de intoxicaciones.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever casos de exposição ocupacional a produtos químicos. Método: estudo retrospectivo descritivo utilizando dados do prontuário de 382 trabalhadores atendidos no Ambulatório de Toxicologia Ocupacional do Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador do Distrito Federal, entre 2009 e 2013. Resultados: 66,7% eram homens, 55,2% tinham até 9 anos de atividade e 81% não usavam equipamento de proteção individual (EPI). Quase 60% eram agricultores e agentes de vigilância ambiental, expostos a agrotóxicos (63%), dos quais 40% inseticidas organofosforados. A maioria (68%) apresentou atividade de butirilcolinesterase diminuída, principalmente agricultores (85,9%); 57,3% dos trabalhadores foram considerados intoxicados, 61,6% por agrotóxicos e 37,9% por produtos químicos industriais, e afastados do trabalho por pelo menos 10 dias. Conclusão: O perfil dos trabalhadores atendidos foi de homens, predominantemente de 30 a 39 anos, que não utilizavam EPI, indicando a necessidade de ações de prevenção junto a essa população para evitar a ocorrência de intoxicações.

Protein, lipid and isoflavone contents of food-type soybean lines at two sowing dates / Teores de proteína, óleo e isoflavonas de linhagens de soja tipo alimento em duas épocas de semeadura

Few works have reported the relationship among genotype, temperature, rainfall and the chemical compounds of soybean. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the interaction effect between soybean food-type inbred lines sowed in two different dates and the contents of protein, oil and isoflavones. Eight lines with null lipoxygenase seeds classified as food-type soybean were sowed in October 7 (early sowing) and October 29 (late sowing) at 2013/2014 crop year. The oil, protein and isoflavones contents were determined and the data were analyzed by variance analysis (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA) and UPGMA hierarchical. The genetic variability, sowing date and interactions between inbred lines and sowing date showed differences for all characteristics, except for oil content that did not showed a significant effect to the interaction. The greater participation of complex interaction was attributed to protein content with 87.82 %. According to PCA and UPGMA results, the food-type soybean lines were separated into three groups and were consistent in both sowing dates. The UEL 131 and UEL 153 lines showed the highest isoflavones content for the two sowing dates, indicating these genotypes as promising for breeding programs.

Poucos trabalhos relataram a relação entre genótipo, temperatura, precipitação e os compostos químicos de grãos de soja. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito da interação entre linhagens de soja tipo alimento semeadas em duas épocas nos teores de proteína, óleo e isoflavonas nos grãos. Oito linhagens de soja ausentes das enzimas lipoxigenases e classificadas como tipo alimento foram semeadas em 7 de outubro (semeadura precoce) e 29 de outubro (semeadura tardia) no ano agrícola 2013/2014. Os conteúdos de óleo, proteína e isoflavonas foram determinados e os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância (ANAVA), análise de componentes principais (PCA) e UPGMA hierárquica. A variabilidade genética, a época de semeadura e as interações entre linhagens e a época de semeadura mostraram diferenças para todas as características, com exceção do teor de óleo que não apresentou efeito significativo na interação. A maior participação da interação complexa foi atribuída ao teor de proteína com 87,82%. De acordo com os resultados da PCA e UPGMA, as linhagens de soja tipo alimento foram separadas em três grupos que se mantiveram com a mudança da época de semeadura. As linhagens UEL 131 e UEL 153 mostraram o maior teor de isoflavonas em ambas as épocas de semeadura, indicando que esses genótipos são promissores para programas de melhoramento.

Intoxicação exógena: casos no estado de Santa Catarina no período de 2011 a 2015 / Exotic intoxication: cases in the state of Santa Catarina in the period 2011 to 2015

Introdução: Intoxicação exógena aguda ocorre quando há percepção de sinais e sintomas clínicos e/ou investigações laboratoriais alteradas devido à interação como alguma substância química. A conduta sobre o indivíduo atendido na emergência intoxicado é diferenciada, o tratamento depende da história clínica detalhada para manejar corretamente as intoxicações. Portanto, é fundamental a notificação dos casos à vigilância epidemiológica para a prática e ações de prevenção da saúde pública. O objetivo geral do estudo é analisar o perfil dos indivíduos com intoxicação exógena no Estado de Santa Catarina no período de 2011 a 2015 através do banco de dados do SINAN. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico. A população estudada é composta por dados de todas as pessoas notificadas no Sistema Nacional de Agravos e Notificações (SINAN) do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), através da ferramenta TABNET no período em estudo. O estudo foi desenvolvido no estado de Santa Catarina, através das macrorregiões do estado. Resultados: Foram notificados 17.562 casos de intoxicação exógena nas diversas faixas etárias, destes, o maior número ocorreu entre 20 a 39 anos com 7.962 casos. Identificou-se predomínio para o sexo feminino com 10.445 casos e raça branca com 15.360 casos. O agente que mais se destacou foram os medicamentos com 9.378 casos. A tentativa de suicídio destacou-se sobre as circunstâncias estudadas e a análise dos dados não evidenciou relação da intoxicação exógena com a exposição ao trabalho. O critério clínico foi o mais relevante com 12.656 casos e a evolução que a mais se acentuou foi a cura sem sequelas com 15.027 casos. A macrorregião com maior número de casos notificados é o Sul Catarinense com 3.712 casos. Conclusão: Caracterizou-se o perfil de intoxicação exógena no estado de Santa Catarina no período de 2011 a 2015 com predomínio de adultos jovens, sexo feminino, etnia branca, agente medicamentoso, meio de tentativa de suicídio, não apresentou relação com a exposição de trabalho, o tipo de exposição é aguda e de forma única, o diagnóstico foi feito por critério clínico, evolução de tratamento por cura sem sequela e tem como destaque o Sul do Estado de Santa Catarina.

Introduction: Acute exogenous intoxication occurs when there is perception of clinical signs and symptoms and / or laboratory investigations altered due to interaction with some chemical substance. The conduct on the individual attended in the intoxicated emergency is differentiated, the treatment depends on the detailed clinical history to correctly handle the intoxications. Therefore, it is fundamental the underreporting of cases to epidemiological surveillance in order to practice in the prevention of public health. The general objective of the study is to analyze the profile of individuals with exogenous intoxication in the State of Santa Catarina from 2011 to 2015 through the matching of the SINAN database. Methods: This is an ecological study. The population studied is composed of data from all the people notified in the National System of Aggravations and Notifications (SINAN) of the Unified Health System (SUS), through the TABNET tool. The study was developed in the state of Santa Catarina, through the macroregions of the state. Results: A total of 17,562 cases of exogenous intoxication were reported, ranging from ˂1 year old to ˃ 70 years old, who presented the highest number between 20 and 39 years old with 7,962 cases. It was identified a predominance for the female sex with 10,445 cases and white race with 15,360 cases. The most prominent agent was those with 9,378 cases. The suicide attempt was highlighted on the circumstances studied and data analysis did not show a relation of exogenous intoxication with exposure to work. The clinical criterion was the most relevant with 12,656 cases, and the most marked progress was cure without sequelae with 15,027 cases. The macroregion with the highest number of reported cases is South Catarinense with 3,712 cases. Conclusion: The profile of exogenous intoxication in the state of Santa Catarina was characterized in the period from 2011 to 2015, with a predominance of young adults, female, white ethnicity, drug agent, means of attempting suicide, and did not present a relation with the work exposition , The type of exposure is acute and in a unique way, the diagnosis was made by clinical criterion, evolution of treatment by cure without sequela and has as a highlight the South of the State of Santa Catarina.

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of basil hybrids and cultivars / Caracterização fenotípica e genotípica de híbridos e cultivares de manjericão

This study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic performance of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) hybrids and cultivars, grown in four crop years, in the municipality of São Cristóvão, state of Sergipe. The following variables were evaluated: dry weight of aerial part; essential oil content and yield; and the contents of linalool, 1,8-cineol, neral, geranial, and methyl cinnamate. Five hybrids ('Sweet Dani' x 'Maria Bonita', 'Genovese' x 'Maria Bonita', 'Cinnamon' x 'Maria Bonita', 'Sweet Dani' x 'Cinnamon', and 'Sweet Dani' x 'Genovese') and four parent cultivars ('Maria Bonita', 'Sweet Dani', 'Genovese', and 'Cinnamon') of basil were evaluated. The essential oils were obtained from dried leaves by hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed by GC/MS-FID. Means were clustered, and the genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated. Linalool was the main compound of most genotypes. Hybrids 'Cinnamon' x 'Maria Bonita', 'Sweet Dani' x 'Cinnamon', and 'Sweet Dani' x 'Maria Bonita' had methyl cinnamate (41.93 %), methyl cinnamate (60.15 %), geranial (15.20 %), and neral (11.46 %), respectively, as major compounds. The sources of variation were significant at the 1 % probability level, according to the F tests for all variables, confirming the differences in the performance of genotypes in the different years. Most of the variation among the studied variables resulted from the genetic variation.

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a performance fenotípica e genotípica de híbridos e cultivares de manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.), cultivados em quatro anos agrícolas no município de São Cristóvão, Estado de Sergipe. Foram avaliados os caracteres: massa seca de parte aérea; teor de óleo essencial; rendimento de óleo essencial; linalol; 1,8-cineol; neral; geranial e (E)-cinamato de metila para cinco híbridos de manjericão ('Sweet Dani' x 'Maria Bonita', 'Genovese' x 'Maria Bonita', 'Cinnamon' x 'Maria Bonita', 'Sweet Dani' x 'Cinnamon' and 'Sweet Dani' x 'Genovese') e quatro cultivares ('Maria Bonita', 'Sweet Dani', 'Genovese' e 'Cinnamon'). Os óleos essenciais foram obtidos de folhas secas por hidrodestilação. A composição química dos óleos essenciais foi determinada por CG/EM-DIC. Foi realizado o agrupamento das médias e foram estimados parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos. Linalol foi o composto majoritário do óleo essencial da maioria dos genótipos. Os híbridos 'Cinnamon' x 'Maria Bonita', 'Sweet Dani' x 'Cinnamon' e 'Sweet Dani' x 'Maria Bonita' apresentaram também outros compostos majoritários, (E)-cinamato de metila (41,93 %); (E)-cinamato de metila (60,15 %); geranial (15,20 %) e neral (11,46 %); respectivamente. As fontes de variação foram significativas no nível de probabilidade de 1% de acordo com os testes F para todas as variáveis, o que confirma as diferenças do desempenho dos genótipos nos diferentes anos. A maior parte da variação encontrada para os caracteres estudados é determinada pela variação genética dos genótipos.