ABSTRACT
Potato virus Y (PVY) is the most economically important virus infecting potatoes worldwide. Current-season spread of PVY occurs when aphids transmit the virus from infected to noninfected plants during the growing season. The impact of current-season PVY infection on yield and quality of chip processing potatoes is not well documented. In a replicated, greenhouse experiment conducted over 2 years, we measured the effect of current-season infection with four PVY strains (PVYO, PVYN-Wi, PVYNTN, and PVYN:O) on chip processing varieties Atlantic, Lamoka, and Snowden. PVY infection decreased yield and tuber specific gravity for some combinations of potato variety and virus strain but did not affect the appearance of chips including the prevalence of stem-end chip defects. This work suggests that current-season infection of chipping potatoes imposes a cost on producers and emphasizes the need for continued investment in seed certification and development of PVY-resistant cultivars.
Subject(s)
Potyvirus , Solanum tuberosum , Animals , Plant Diseases , Plant Tubers , Potyvirus/genetics , SeasonsABSTRACT
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers are usually harvested once a year; thus, long-term storage is required to supply quality-assured tubers throughout the year. Further, an applicable method to predict tuber quality during storage is needed. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) metabolomics was applied to identify applicable biomarkers for prediction of potato chip color based on 3 years' field-grown tubers. The projections to latent structures (PLS) prediction model, calculated from a metabolome data set obtained before storage, was consistent with actual measured chip color values. Additionally, GC with frame ionization detector (GC/FID) metabolite fingerprinting simultaneously re-constructed more reliable and relevant prediction models for chip color quality compared to GC/MS. Moreover, nine metabolites detected by GC/MS analysis were further validated as applicable prediction markers. This strategy will provide a practical and cost-effective quality-control tool for potato processing manufacturers on an industrial scale.
Subject(s)
Flame Ionization/methods , Food Quality , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Metabolomics , Plant Tubers/metabolism , Solanum tuberosum/metabolism , Biomarkers/metabolism , ColorABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cold-induced sweetening (CIS) is the accumulation of sucrose and reducing sugars in potato tubers at low temperatures. This process is central for the potato processing industry. During potato chip and French fry production, reducing sugars participate in the Maillard reaction to produce dark pigmented products not acceptable to consumers. Andean potatoes (Solanum tuberosum Group Andigena) constitute an enormous wealth of potato germplasm that can contribute to increase genetic diversity in breeding programs of many traits, including CIS. RESULTS: We analyzed reducing sugar content and chip quality in freshly harvested and cold-stored tubers from 48 native accessions. Andean accessions showed high variation in reducing sugar content and were classified in three types of CIS responses: type I, reducing sugar content before and after 4°C storage was lower than the value required by industry; type II, reducing sugar content before storage was acceptable, but after 4°C storage incremented up to non-acceptable levels; and type III, reducing sugar content was unacceptable before and after storage. CONCLUSION: Five Andean accessions presented acceptable reducing sugar content and good chip quality before and after 4°C storage in a consistent manner throughout several experiments. These features make them a useful source for improving the potato industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Subject(s)
Cold Temperature , Plant Tubers/chemistry , Solanum tuberosum/chemistry , Sucrose/analysis , Sugars/analysis , Argentina , Breeding , Food Storage/methods , Food-Processing Industry , Genetic Variation , Maillard Reaction , Oxidation-Reduction , Plant Tubers/metabolism , Solanum tuberosum/genetics , Solanum tuberosum/metabolismABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o ganho genético para a seleção de caracteres de qualidade de processamento de tubérculos de batata em função dos ambientes de cultivo da região Sul do Brasil. Foram conduzidos experimentos em condições de verão, em São Joaquim/SC, e de primavera e outono, em Júlio de Castilhos/RS, representativos dos principais ambientes de cultivo da batata na região Sul do Brasil. Em cada ambiente, foram avaliados 18 clones de batata para cor de chips e para a composição dos teores de matéria seca, açúcares redutores, amido e amilose. Maior intensidade de seleção pode ser aplicada para os teores de matéria seca e amido, em virtude da menor influência do ambiente na expressão desses caracteres. Para os teores de açúcares redutores e amilose, os ganhos na primavera, verão e outono não são correlacionados e, portanto, menor intensidade de seleção deve ser aplicada. O cultivo de verão maximiza os ganhos genéticos e, portanto, a seleção para qualidade de processamento deve ser iniciada nesse ambiente.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic gain for processing quality of potato tubers in different growing conditions of the southern region of Brazil. Experiments were carried out during summer of São Joaquim, Santa Catarina State, and spring and autumn conditions of Julio de Castilhos, Rio Grande do Sul State, representative of the growing conditions of the southern region of Brazil. Eighteen clones were evaluated for chip color and content of dry matter, reduced sugars, starch and amylose. Higher gain from selection was achieved for dry matter and starch content, because of the high inheritance of these traits. There was no correlation among summer, autumn and spring growing conditions for reduced sugars and amylose content; therefore low selection intensity should be applied. Summer growing season maximizes the genetic gain; therefore selection for processing quality should be mainly applied in this environmental condition.
ABSTRACT
No Rio Grande do Sul, a batata é cultivada na primavera e no outono, período em que as condições contrastantes de cultivo podem afetar os teores de matéria seca, açúcares redutores, amido e amilose e a cor de chips. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das condições de cultivo de primavera e outono na expressão dos caracteres de qualidade de processamento, visando desenvolver estratégias de melhoramento genético que maximizem o ganho de seleção e facilitem a identificação de clones de batata com potencial para processamento. O experimento foi conduzido em um esquema fatorial com 21 clones e duas épocas de cultivo, no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Foram avaliados os teores de matéria seca, açúcares redutores, amido e amilose e a cor de chips dos tubérculos produzidos na primavera de 2006 e no outono de 2007. As condições de cultivo de primavera maximizaram o ganho genético de seleção para açúcares redutores, cor de chips, amido e amilose. Os ganhos de seleção para matéria seca foram similares em ambos os cultivos. As condições ambientais distintas na primavera e no outono afetaram a seleção e resultaram em diferentes grupos de clones superiores. Os clones SMA508-2, SMA508-4 e SMA519-1 apresentaram, em ambas as condições de cultivo, uma combinação de caracteres de qualidade de processamento equilibrada e superior à melhor testemunha. A seleção de clones para processamento industrial deve ser realizada no cultivo de primavera, quando as condições ambientais são mais favoráveis para a expressão dos caracteres de qualidade de tubérculo no Rio Grande do Sul.
Potato grows during spring and autumn conditions in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. These contrasting conditions may affect dry matter, reduced sugars, starch and amylase contents and chip color. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of spring and fall growth conditions in the expression of processing quality traits to develop breeding strategies to maximize the selection gain and facilitate the identification of potato clones with high processing potential. The experiment was a factorial of 21 clones and two growth seasons in the complete random design, with three replications. Tubers were produced during spring 2006 and fall 2007 growth seasons and evaluated for dry mass, reduced sugars, starch and amylase contents and chip color. Spring growth conditions maximized the gain from selection for reduced sugars, chip color, starch and amylase. Similar selection gain for dry mass was found in spring and fall seasons. The distinct environmental conditions of spring and fall did affect the selection gain and resulted in different groups of superior clones. The clones SMA508-2, SMA508-4 and SMA519-1 showed the best combination of processing quality traits in both growing conditions and higher than the best check. Clone selection for processing quality should be done in spring season, when environmental conditions improve the expression of the processing quality traits in Rio Grande do Sul State.
