ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Life expectancy in recent decades has increased the prevalence of chronic diseases in the population, requiring an approach to new health topics, such as discussions on quality of life and expectations about death and dying. The concept of advance directives (ADs) gives individuals the opportunity to make known their decisions about the treatments they would like to receive at the end of life. Despite the recognition of relevance in clinical practice, the applicability of the concept presents challenges, including establishing the appropriate prognosis for each patient and the ideal time to approach the patient. Some prognostic tools were developed, such as the surprise question (SQ): "Would you be surprised if your patient died in 12 months?", which is used in some clinical settings to predict patient deaths and to make decisions regarding ADs. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the behavior of second-year resident physicians (PGY-2) when the SQ was applied. METHOD: In our observational study, from July 1, 2016, to February 28, 2017, (PGY-2) in the Internal Medicine Residency Program (IMRP) applied SQ to all patients with multiple and varied chronic no communicable comorbidities, who were followed up at the general medicine outpatient clinic (GMOC) of a tertiary university hospital in São Paulo- Brazil. The frequency of the outcome (death or non-death within 12 months) was analyzed by correlating it with the clinical data (impact of the studied variables). RESULTS: Eight hundred forty patients entered the study. Fitfty-two of them (6.2%) died within one year. PGY-2 predicted that two hundred and fourteen patients (25.5% of total) would die within a year (answer No to SQ), of which, 32 (14.9%) did so. The correct residents' prognosis for the subgroup of 626 patients (answer "Yes" to SQ) was NPV = 96.8% (CI = 95.4%-98.2%) and PPV = 14.9% (CI 10.1%-19, 6%). Answering "Yes" to SQ correlated negatively to addressing AD while the outcomes death and the answer No to SQ were positively correlated, according to the number of comorbidities. CONCLUSION: The SQ, in addition to care, contributed to health education, communication and care planning shared by the doctor and patient.
Subject(s)
Outpatients , Palliative Care , Humans , Prognosis , Quality of Life , Prospective Studies , Brazil/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Chronic heart failure in France is responsible for 160 000 hospitalizations per year. The treatment of chronic heart failure is multidisciplinary. Telemedicine (TLM) reinforces the therapeutic arsenal of this chronic pathology by the use of remote monitoring (TLS) on patients followed outside the care structure. This paradigm has proven its effectiveness with the help of digital networks and specific algorithms, which communicate through connected tools with the ICC patient. Clinical signs of worsening can trigger an alert that will be taken into account by the TLS. Early intervention on these warning signs avoids acute decompensation and a new hospitalization of the patient. The analysis of the results shows a rate of alerts that require the intervention of TLS teams, from 20 to 35% depending on the centers. The ETAPES program has set the regulatory framework for the TLS experiment for 4 years. It will end at the end of 2021. The feedback from the TLS centers is between 6 and 18 months. The satisfaction index of patients followed by TLS is 95%. The intermediate results (2018, 2019) and the evaluation of the ETAPES program, are in favor of TLS management of ICC patients. Therapeutic education and TLS improve patients' quality of life. The Ministry of Health plans a transition to the common law for TLS in 2022.
Subject(s)
Heart Failure , Telemedicine , Chronic Disease , Heart Failure/diagnosis , Heart Failure/therapy , Hospitalization , Humans , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
Functional clinical nutrition is an integrative science; it uses dietary strategies, functional foods and medicinal plants, as well as combinations thereof. Both functional foods and medicinal plants, whether associated or not, form nutraceuticals, which can bring benefits to health, in addition to being included in the prevention and treatment of diseases. Some functional food effects from Avena sativa L. (oats), Linum usitatissimum L. (brown flaxseed), Glycine max L. (soya) and Moringa oleifera have been proposed for nutritional disorders through in vitro and in vivo tests. A formulation called a bioactive food compound (BFC) showed efficiency in the association of oats, flaxseed and soy for dyslipidemia and obesity. In this review, we discuss the effects of BFC in other nutritional disorders, as well as the beneficial effects of M. oleifera in obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, metabolic syndrome, intestinal inflammatory diseases/colorectal carcinogenesis and malnutrition. In addition, we hypothesized that a BFC enriched with M. oleifera could present a synergistic effect and play a potential benefit in nutritional disorders. The traditional consumption of M. oleifera preparations can allow associations with other formulations, such as BFC. These nutraceutical formulations can be easily accepted and can be used in sweet preparations (fruit and/or vegetable juices, fruit and/or vegetable vitamins, porridges, yogurt, cream, mousses or fruit salads, cakes and cookies) or savory (vegetable purees, soups, broths and various sauces), cooked or not. These formulations can be low-cost and easy-to-use. The association of bioactive food substances in dietary formulations can facilitate adherence to consumption and, thus, contribute to the planning of future nutritional interventions for the prevention and adjuvant treatment of the clinical conditions presented in this study. This can be extended to the general population. However, an investigation through clinical studies is needed to prove applicability in humans.
Subject(s)
Dietary Supplements , Functional Food , Nutrition Disorders/therapy , Nutrition Therapy/methods , Phytochemicals/therapeutic use , Animals , Avena , Flax , Humans , Moringa oleifera , Glycine maxABSTRACT
Objective: The study's purpose has been to verify bibliometric indexes for Master dissertations and PhD Theses on palliative care and chronical diseases published in Brazil. Methods: It is a bibliometric study through searching Masters dissertation and PhD theses finished between 2009 and 2018, on the database of the Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações [Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations], Portal of Theses and Dissertations of Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), and the Public Domain Portal. Results: The corpus was composed by 36 studies (28 Masters dissertation and 8 PhD theses). We could find that in 2014 there was a higher number of research, and the Universidade Federal de Santa Cararina was the institution where most theses were written on the theme. Also, its hospital was the most recurrent case in study. Conclusion: Bibliometric indicators indicated that nurses developed a larger number of studies. Most studies are carried out using the qualitative approach and the scenario with the largest number of research was the hospital environment
Objetivo: Verificar indicadores bibliométricos de dissertações e de teses publicadas no Brasil sobre cuidados paliativos e doenças crônicas. Método: Estudo bibliométrico realizado através da busca de dissertações e teses, no período de 2009 a 2018, disponibilizadas nas bases de dados Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, Portal de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior e Portal Domínio Público. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 36 estudos, sendo 28 dissertações e oito teses. Averiguou-se um maior quantitativo de produções no ano de 2014, com a Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina como instituição de ensino que mais produziu acerca da temática, e o hospital o cenário mais investigado. Conclusão: Os indicadores bibliométricos indicaram que os enfermeiros desenvolveram maior quantitativo dos estudos. A maioria dos estudos se desenvolve por meio da abordagem qualitativa e o cenário com maior quantitativo de pesquisa foi o local hospitalar
Objetivo: El propósito del trabajo es verificar indicadores bibliométricos de disertaciones y tesis publicadas en Brasil sobre cuidados paliativos y enfermedades crónicas. Método: Este es un estudio bibliométrico realizado a través de la búsqueda de disertaciones y tesis, de 2009 a 2018, disponible en las bases de datos [Biblioteca Digital Brasileña de Tesis y Disertaciones], Portal de Tesis y Disertaciones de la Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) y Portal Domínio Público. Resultados: La muestra consistió en 36 estudios, 28 disertaciones y 8 tesis. Se verificó una mayor cantidad de producciones en 2014, con la Universidade Federal de Santa Cararina como la institución educativa que produjo más sobre el tema, y el hospital como el escenario más investigado. Conclusión: Los indicadores bibliométricos indicaron que las enfermeras desarrollaron una mayor cantidad de estudios. La mayoría de los estudios se desarrollan a través del enfoque cualitativo y el escenario con el mayor número de investigaciones fue el medio hospitalario
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Palliative Care , Bibliometrics , Chronic Disease , Academic Dissertations as Topic , Nursing CareABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: after the discovery of the antiretroviral therapy, life expectancy of HIV+ patient has become longer and this meant that he would start ageing. International literature demonstrated that the HIV+ patient is more fragile than any other person of the same age and that doesn't present the viral infection. OBJECTIVE: design, development and test of a new web-based instrument to allow the self-administration of the new questionnaire SELFY MPI created during the European project Effichronic. Materials & Methods: between June and September 2018, a group of senior 50 HIV+ patients, was involved. The questionnaire SELFY MPI enables to collect data about quality of life and cognitive functions. RESULTS: the developed web-instrument collects pseudo-anonymous data into the Liguria HIV Network database. The subsequent statistical analysis highlighted a correlation between the two outcomes of SELFY MPI and the laboratory exam's parameter TCD4+ and viral load. CONCLUSIONS: the great potentiality of this instrument is not only the support given to clinical research about the effects of HIV on chronical disease management but it can be also used as a follow-up instrument to evaluate different aspects of the geriatric patient life during the years.
Subject(s)
Frailty , HIV Infections , Internet , Patient Generated Health Data , Quality of Life , Aged , Frail Elderly , HIV , HIV Infections/complications , Humans , Male , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases has been on the rise and the co-occurrence of morbidities is becoming more common. Multimorbidities are found more frequently among women, those with a history of mental disorders, lower level of schooling, and unfavorable socioeconomic condition. Physical inactivity, smoking and obesity are also associated with multimorbidities. Its occurrence is directly related to the age, affecting the majority of the individuals with more than 50 years old. It is important to consider the possibility of comorbid conditions that aggravate, complicate or simulate the symptoms of the disease in the face of a patient with asthma and poor response to treatment. Among subjects with asthma, some conditions stand out as the most frequent: chronic rhinitis or rhinosinusitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, obesity, and cardiovascular disorders. Comorbidities reduce the chances of optimal asthma control. It is essential to assess and manage properly these complex situations, choosing wisely preventive strategies and treatment options to avoid adverse events and optimize outcomes. Medications for asthma have the potential to worsen cardiovascular conditions, while beta-adrenergic receptor blockers and angiotensin conversion enzyme inhibitors used for cardiovascular conditions, can worsen asthma. Handling properly these cases will save lives and resources. However, there are multiple gaps in knowledge requiring investigation in this field to inform integrated care pathways and policies. It is likely information may be obtained from real life studies and electronic medical databases. Communications between the providers and patients may be facilitated by electronic technology, opening a large window for guided self-management.
Subject(s)
Asthma/complications , Asthma/therapy , Multiple Chronic Conditions/therapy , Comorbidity , HumansABSTRACT
Adoecimento crônico envolve afeto e aproximação entre pacientes e familiares, podendo ser impactados diante da necessidade do cuidado. A rotina e dinâmica do sistema familiar sofrem alterações, apontando a necessidade de clarificar a compreensão sobre os processos familiares e pessoais desencadeados pelo adoecimento crônico que ameaça a continuidade da vida. O objetivo geral desse estudo é avaliar funcionamento familiar e espiritualidade relacionada à qualidade de vida de pessoas com doenças crônicas ameaçadoras a continuidade da vida (DCACV) e seus familiares, verificando possíveis associações destas variáveis com saúde mental e qualidade de vida. Amostra foi composta por grupo de 100 pacientes (GP) portadores de (DCACV), acompanhados em um hospital geral e 100 familiares (GF), pareados com o paciente. Aplicou-se Questionário de informações sociodemográficas e familiares; Escala de Avaliação da Coesão e Adaptabilidade Familiar-versão IV (FACES-IV); Questionário para religiosidade, espiritualidade e crenças pessoais relacionadas à qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-SRPB); Questionário para avaliação de qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-breve); Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI) e Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI-II). Os instrumentos foram aplicados no hospital, quando da consulta ou internação; entrevistados em locais separados, na mesma data. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva dos resultados, teste t comparando os dois grupos e teste de correlação de Pearson para associações entre variáveis. Amostra predominantemente mulheres (51%-GP e 79%- GF), sem companheiro, residindo com família, católicos, classes B e C. Idade média GP 63,6 anos (+14,85) e GF 48,9 anos (+ 14,25). GP 51% apresentaram sintomas de ansiedade e 31% de depressão, GF 45% ansiedade e 23% depressão. Observou-se diferenças significativas nos grupos em qualidade de vida nos domínios social (t=5,296;p<0,001), ambiental (t=4,038;p<0,001) e resultado global (t=3,919;p<0,001), com melhores resultados para GP. Os grupos se diferenciaram quanto a funcionamento familiar nas subescalas Emaranhada (t=2,357;p=0,019), rígida (t=4,469;p<0,001), com resultados melhores para GF, comunicação (t=2,724;p=0,007) e satisfação (t=3,407;p=0,001), melhor para GP. Espiritualidade, na faceta Admiração (t=2,246;p=0,026), com resultado menor para GP. Observou-se correlações entre ansiedade, depressão e diferentes domínios de qualidade de vida tanto para funcionamento familiar quanto espiritualidade. As correlações entre funcionamento familiar e espiritualidade, no GP foram significativas entre algumas subescalas, porém fracas (r<0,40). As facetas, conexão, força e paz, referentes à espiritualidade, se correlacionaram com todas as subescalas de funcionamento familiar, exceto emaranhada (que não se correlacionou com nenhuma faceta), correlações com caótica foram negativas. A subescala satisfação familiar apresentou correlação positiva com todas facetas de espiritualidade. Resultados apontam que DCACV afeta funcionamento familiar e qualidade de vida, incluindo espiritualidade, e é possível que a doença aproxime as relações familiares, favorecendo ao funcionamento, apesar do processo de adaptação tanto pelo paciente quanto familiar. Quanto à espiritualidade, a presença da DCACV parece afetar a capacidade da pessoa de olhar ao redor buscando inspiração para a vida. Viver torna-se o momento presente, uma vez que o adoecimento pode abreviar a vida. Resultados evidenciaram que maior espiritualidade relacionada à qualidade de vida melhor a funcionalidade familiar, reafirmando que DCACV afeta igualmente paciente e familiar, pois foram observadas mais semelhanças que diferenças entre os dois grupos
Becoming chronically sick involves affection and closeness between patients and family and may be impacted due to the care needed. Routine and family dynamics are changed, pointing to the necessity to understand the personal and family processes triggered by the disease that threatens life. The general goal of this study was to assess family functioning and spirituality relative to quality of life among people with chronical life-threatening diseases (CLTD) and their family and identify possible links between these variables and quality of life and mental health. The sample was composed of 100 patients (GP), all of whom with CLTD, followed up in a hospital, and 100 relatives (GF) paired with the patient. The Sociodemographic and Family Information Questionnaire, Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale (FACES-IV), Questionnaire on Religiousness, Spirituality and Personal Beliefs Relative to Quality of Life (WHOQOL-SRPB), Quality of life Assessment Questionnaire (WHOQOL-brief), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) were all instruments used in the hospital upon visits or admission. Patients were surveyed in separate rooms on the same date. A descriptive statistical analysis of results, t Test comparing both groups, and the Pearson Correlation Test for links between variables were conducted. Predominantly female sample (51%-GP e 79%-GF), without a partner, residing with family, catholic, B and C classes, average age GP 63,6 years (+14,85) and GF 48,9 years (+ 14,25). GP: 51% showed anxiety symptoms and 31% depression symptoms; GF: 45% anxiety and 23% depression. Significant differences were seen between the groups relative to quality of life in the social, environmental and global results realms: (t=5,296; p<0,001), (t=4,038; p<0,001) (t=3,919; p<0,001) respectively, with better results for GP. Groups also showed differences regarding family functioning in the Enmeshed (t=2,357;p=0,019), and Rigid (t=4,469;p<0,001) subscales, with better results for GF; communication (t=2,724;p=0,007) and satisfaction (t=3,407;p=0,001),with better results for GP; Spirituality, in the Admiration facet, (t=2,246;p=0,026), with lower results for GP. There were correlations between anxiety, depression and different domains of quality of life both for Family functioning and spirituality. Correlations between family functioning and spirituality in GP were significant between some subscales, though weak (r<0,40). The facets, connection, strength, and peace, regarding spirituality correlated with all subscales of family functioning, except Enmeshed, which did not correlate with any facet. Correlations with Chaotic were negative. Subscale Family Satisfaction showed positive correlation with all facets of spirituality. Results showed that CLTD's affect family functioning and quality of life, including spirituality, possibly making family relationships closer and improving family functioning, in spite of the adaptation process. Regarding spirituality, existing CLTD's seemed to affect one's ability to look around seeking inspiration to live. Living becomes the present moment, since becoming sick may shorten life span. Results evidenced that the higher spirituality related to quality of life was, the better were family functioning, emphasizing that CLTD's affect patients and family equally, since more similarities than differences were identified between the groups
