Long-Term Follow-Up of a Person-Centered Prehabilitation Program Based on Cognitive-Behavioral Physical Therapy for Patients Scheduled for Lumbar Fusion.

OBJECTIVE: Long-term follow-ups of prehabilitation programs for lumbar spine surgery are lacking, and more comprehensive evaluations are needed. In the current study, we evaluated the long-term effects of a prehabilitation program compared with conventional care in relation to lumbar fusion surgery in patients with degenerative disc disease. METHODS: Patients (n = 118) receiving lumbar fusion surgery were included in a multicenter randomized controlled trial, involving 1 university hospital and 2 spine clinics. The intervention was a person-centered prehabilitation program based on cognitive-behavioral physical therapy that targeted psychological presurgical risk factors, physical activity, and overall health. The control group received conventional preoperative care. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) included assessments at 8 time-points: Low back disability (primary outcome), back pain intensity, leg pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, fear of movement, anxiety and depressive mood, health-related quality of life, and patient-specific functioning. Physical activity and physical capacity were assessed at 5 time points. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the effects of the intervention. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups at the 12- and 24-month follow-ups for any outcome, except for the One Leg Stand test 1 year following surgery, in favor of the control group. There were significant improvements for both groups, from baseline to the 12- and 24-month follow-ups for all physical capacity test and PROMs, except for leg pain and self-efficacy for exercise. CONCLUSIONS: No long-term effects were found for the prehabilitation program compared to conventional care. Physical activity did not improve over time, despite significantly improved self-reported functioning and physical capacity measurements. IMPACT: These findings have implications for the current understanding of the long-term effects of prehabilitation and suggest that future research should focus on programs promoting physical activity both before and after lumbar spine surgery to decrease the risk of long-term adverse health outcomes.

Mental Health Issues as a Consequence of the Pandemic: Group Psycho-Educational Intervention to Support Patients Recovered from COVID-19 Infection.

Common psycho-physical symptoms have emerged in patients who were previously recovered for COVID-19 infection, including traumatic experience and enduring emotional disturbances. A group psycho-educational intervention of seven weekly sessions and a follow-up after three months was proposed to all Italian-speaking patients formally discharged from a public hospital in northern Italy and physically recovered from infection. Eighteen patients were recruited and divided into four age-homogenous groups, each led by two facilitators (psychologists and psychotherapists). The group sessions followed a structured format with thematic modules, including main topics, tasks, and homework assignments. Data were collected through recordings and verbatim transcripts. The objectives of the study were twofold: (1) to analyze the emerging themes and gain insight into the significant aspects of the participants' lived experience of COVID-19, and (2) to examine changes in how participants approached these themes throughout the intervention process. Semantic-pragmatic text analyses, specifically thematic analysis of elementary context and correspondence analysis, were conducted using T-LAB software. Linguistic analysis revealed a congruence between the intervention's objectives and the participants' experiences. The study highlighted an evolution in the narratives, as participants transitioned from a passive and concrete perspective on the disease to a more comprehensive cognitive and emotional elaboration of their personal illness stories. These findings hold potential relevance for healthcare services and professionals working in this field.

Impact of the Cognitive-Behavioral Approach and Psychoeducational Intervention in Breast Cancer Management: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial.

(1) Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignancy in women. High cancer-related psychological distress levels have been observed in BC patients, with a potentially relevant impact on disease management, compliance with disease treatments, and everyday life activities and relationships. This work evaluated the effectiveness of three individual cognitive−behavioral therapy psychoeducational sessions versus a self-managed informative guide with individual counseling sessions without specific psychological treatment. (2) Methods: the intervention group received three individual 50-min sessions of psychoeducational training, and the control group received a self-managed informative guide with individual counseling sessions without any kind of psychological treatment. The Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), the Distress Thermometer (DT), and the EORTC (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer) QLQ-C30 were administered at baseline and two months after study inclusion. (3) Results: A total of 60 participants were included in the study (intervention group: 30, control group: 30). Significant improvements were observed in both groups after two months (p < 0.05), but no statistically significant differences emerged between groups. (4) Conclusions: Psychoeducational interventions and CBT help BC patients manage disease-related fear and distress, allowing them to achieve a good quality of life.

The effect of a nurse-led intervention program on compassion fatigue, burnout, compassion satisfaction, and psychological distress in nurses: A randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the effect of a nurse-led intervention program on compassion fatigue, burnout, compassion satisfaction, and psychological distress in nurses. DESIGN AND METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 48 clinical nurses were randomly allocated to intervention or control groups. The nurse-led intervention program was based on a cognitive-behavioral approach. The study outcomes were compassion fatigue, burnout, compassion satisfaction, and psychological distress. FINDINGS: It was determined that the psychological distress scores of the nurses participating in the program at the first follow-up were significantly lower than the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: To reduce the psychological distress of nurses, cognitive behavioral approach-based programs can be useful.

Use of cognitive-behavioral approach to overweight and obesity therapy in STOB activities.

Obesity brings problems both for individual health and economic of the whole society. Unfortunately, in addition to serious approaches to the therapy of obesity, lay offers by non-serious entrepreneurs are still prevalent, often leading to alternating stages of meaningless weight reduction with stages of uncontrolled states and overeating, which is negatively reflected in both physical and mental health. It is within the competence of experts to increase the nutritional literacy of patients. To teach patients to critically evaluate lay information and to put serious information into practical life is an important part of education. It is necessary to correct offers of quick weight loss through strict unbalanced diets or ineffective products but experts often do not have the time and motivation to publish in mass media. For 30 years STOB has tried to fill this gap and has developed programs that have led people to change their eating and movement habits. The aim of the intervention is not only education, but through cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy and mindfulness, STOB leads overweight people to transform theoretical knowledge into practical life. The organization of group courses of healthy losing weight is the main program. STOB has developed a short intervention methodology for physicians and offers a "distant" assistance to overweight people through printed materials and internet programs.

Changing Health-Related Behaviors 3: Lessons from Implementation Science.

Health-related behavior change refers to a body of behavior change strategies that aim to align people's behavior with advances in evidence-based knowledge and decision-making. However, human behavior is complex, and changing it often requires a combination of strategies to be effective. The challenge is in choosing the combination of strategies that will work best. Implementation science, the study of behavior change, has rapidly expanded in recent years and has pioneered work in providing more transparent and theory-based methods for choosing and evaluating behavior change strategies. There are several models and frameworks that underlie the science of implementation, the most recent and comprehensive of which include the Implementation of Change Model, the COM-B (capability, motivation, and behavior) Model, and the Theoretical Domains Framework, as well as the behavior change techniques (BCTs) taxonomy. These models and frameworks can be applied to help support the development and evaluation of behavior change interventions. In this chapter, we will review the latest advances and lessons learned from implementation science as it applies to health-related behavior change.

Psychological aspects of obesity.

Obesity is a metabolic disorder conditioned by several factors with the individual genetic proneness to accumulation of body fat with a positive energetic balance. If such definition describes the essential nature of obesity aptly, the treatment thereof ought to be the realm of somatic medicine and somatically oriented physicians, which is, unfortunately, frequently the case. Yet, not only being a disorder concerning improper body composition, but also a difference in cognitive processes and emotions of the obese, obesity needs to be considered in a more complex manner. The life of the obese consists of periods of strict, starvation diets on one hand and total loss of control and excessive calorie intake. Therefore, the corresponding therapy also needs to be provided in a more complex fashion, i.e. it is not solely the somatic disorder that should be addressed, but also the emotions and cognitions which induce the undesirable behaviour. Generally, it is possible to summarise that cognition and emotions are likely to be anticipated, directed and controlled by affecting the stimuli promoting the erratic attitude. Thanks to the achievements which relate not only to loss of weight, but also to higher self-esteem, more gratifying feelings aroused by the patients self, improvement of both physical and mental conditions and enhancement of the quality of life as a whole, the new behaviour patterns are established, strengthened and sustained on a long-term basis. Several psychotherapeutic attitudes/methods may be used with cognitive-behavioral therapy, existential therapy and, recently, psychodynamic approach. The psychologists role is essential and fundamental in both conservative and the metabolic-bariatric treatment of obesity. The most common character traits of obese patients include predominantly neuroticism, which comprises anxiety, depressions, impulsiveness, anger and hostility. Likewise, obesity is often suffered from by children and adolescents and its treatment relies on, in like manner as with adults, an active change of unsuitable dietary and movement habits with the family of the patient and their motivation of the patient to make the desirable change. It needs to be noted, however, that except for the changes in lifestyle, treatment of psychological difficulties accompanying obesity is a part of psychotherapy of such a group of young and adolescent patients.

Group parental guidance programs: a systematic review / Programas de orientação de pais em grupo: uma revisão sistemática / Programas de orientación de padres en grupo: una revisión sistemática

Parental guidance is essential for active parenting in child therapy. This study aimed to survey the main characteristics of parenting programs in a group of articles published in recent years, and to verify similarities and differences between them, correlating these with the outcomes of the selected articles. The systematic literature review method was used in PubMed, PsycINFO, LILACS, and SCIELO databases. The search was conducted from June to August 2019. It included articles published between 2013 and 2018, of group programs for parents, caregivers or family members, training/mentoring, and health promotion/prevention groups, with a minimum of four sessions. A total of 20 articles met all these criteria and were included in the present study. The articles included in the review showed gains and positive results from the interventions and their importance in the treatment and/or prevention, and health promotion of children.

A orientação de pais é importante para um acompanhamento deles na terapia dos filhos. Este estudo teve como objetivo levantar as principais características de programas de orientação de pais em grupo de artigos publicados nos últimos anos e verificar semelhanças e diferenças entre eles correlacionando-as com os outcomes dos artigos selecionados. Utilizou-se o método de revisão sistemática da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, PsycINFO, Lilacs e SciELO. A busca foi realizada entre junho e agosto de 2019 e incluíram-se os artigos publicados nos anos de 2013 a 2018 de programas em grupo para pais, cuidadores ou familiares, grupos de treinamento/orientação, de promoção/prevenção de saúde, com mínimo de quatro sessões. Vinte artigos cumpriram todos esses critérios e foram incluídos no estudo em questão. Os artigos incluídos na revisão apresentaram ganhos e resultados positivos das intervenções e sua importância no tratamento e/ou na prevenção e promoção de saúde dos filhos.

La orientación de los padres es importante para la orientación de los padres en la terapia infantil. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las características principales de los programas para padres en un grupo de artículos publicados en los últimos años, y verificar las similitudes y diferencias entre ellos. El método de revisión sistemática de la literatura se utilizó en las bases de datos PubMed, PsycINFO, Lilacs y SciELO. La búsqueda se realizó de junio a agosto de 2019 e incluyó artículos publicados en los años 2013 a 2018 de programas grupales para padres y cuidadores, capacitación/ orientación, promoción/prevención de la salud, con un mínimo de cuatro sesiones. Veinte artículos fueron incluidos en este estudio. Los artículos incluidos en la revisión mostraron ganancias y resultados positivos de las intervenciones y su importancia en el tratamiento, prevención y promoción de la salud de los niños.

The effects of psychoeducation based on the cognitive-behavioral approach on premenstrual syndrome symptoms: A randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: The present study investigated the effects of psychoeducation based on a cognitive-behavioral approach on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms in young adult women. DESIGN AND METHODS: The study was performed as a randomized controlled trial. The sample size was identified as 90 (45 intervention group/45 control group) students. The psychoeducation intervention consisted of five sessions performed over a 4-week period. FINDINGS: There was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest total mean scores of the intervention group that received psychoeducation (P < .05). There was also a significant difference in depressive thoughts, irritability, and fatigue mean scores between the two groups (P < .05). PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The use of this approach and its inclusion in nursing care interventions is recommended to reduce PMS symptoms in young adult women.

The effect of psychological interventions on the prevention of chronic pain in adults: a systematic review protocol.

BACKGROUND: Numerous psychological risk and protective factors have been identified as contributing to or preventing the development of the prevalent issue of chronic pain. Systematic reviews of studies on psychological interventions that tackle these factors have shown limited effects on chronic pain. Therefore, implementing psychological interventions before pain becomes chronic has been put forward. However, the efficacy of such interventions in preventing the transition from acute to chronic pain has not yet been systematically assessed. METHODS: The aims of this systematic review are to assess the effects of psychological interventions applied in the acute pain phase on pain severity as well as on physical, psychological, and social functions at 3 months and beyond. Randomized controlled trials including psychological intervention as a treatment of primary interest and participants with pain of less than 3 months duration will be considered. The following comparisons will be undertaken: psychological interventions with (1) standard treatment, (2) information, (3) waiting-list, and (4) active treatment. The primary outcome will be pain severity using indicators such the presence or absence of pain and self-report measures such as the numeric pain intensity rating scale. Secondary outcomes will include pain-related disability, mood, coping with pain, quality of life, health care utilization, and work capability. A systematic review of English and French articles in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials will be conducted without date restriction. Extracted data will include demographics and clinical characteristics, sample size, intervention and control group types, assessment tools used, time interval of measurement, fidelity of the intervention, and attrition rate. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) will be used to assess treatment effects. DISCUSSION: This systematic review is the first in examining the effects of psychological interventions implemented in the acute pain phase with the objective of preventing chronic pain. Results of this systematic review could provide information on psychological intervention characteristics that are most helpful for individuals with pain and guidance as to when such interventions should be applied in the continuum of care. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42016049312.

Cognitive-behavioral approach to treating insomnia / Prise en charge de l'insomnie : approche cognitive et comportementale

Cognitive-Behavioral approach to treating insomnia Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for insomnia is a brief and structured therapeutic intervention aimed at changing maladaptive sleep habits and unhelpful sleep-related beliefs and attitudes that perpetuate insomnia. The main therapeutic components include restriction of time spent in bed, stimulus control procedures, cognitive restructuring of beliefs and perceptions related to insomnia and its perceived consequences, and sleep hygiene education. Based upon a solid conceptual framework and supported by strong empirical evidence, CBT is now recognized and endorsed in clinical practice guidelines of medical and sleep societies as the first-line treatment for adults with chronic insomnia. Although it requires more time both from patients and clinicians, CBT produces clinically meaningful and more durable changes in sleep and associated insomnia symptoms than those obtained with medication treatment used singly.

Prise en charge de l'insomnie : approche cognitive et comportementale La thérapie cognitive comportementale (TCC) de l'insomnie est une approche thérapeutique brève et structurée qui vise à modifier certaines habitudes, croyances et attitudes reliées au sommeil qui contribuent à perpétuer l'insomnie. Ses principales composantes thérapeutiques sont la restriction du temps passé au lit, la méthode de contrôle par le stimulus, la thérapie cognitive visant à remettre en question et modifier certaines perceptions reliées à l'insomnie et à ses conséquences, et l'enseignement d'une bonne hygiène du sommeil. Le succès de la TCC de l'insomnie repose principalement sur la motivation et les efforts du patient à mettre en application les recommandations cliniques sur une période de quelques semaines. Appuyée sur de solides assises conceptuelles et empiriques, la TCC est reconnue dans les guides de bonnes pratiques de médecins et spécialistes du sommeil comme étant l'approche thérapeutique à privilégier pour l'insomnie chronique. Bien que son déploiement nécessite plus d'efforts et de temps du patient et du clinicien, la TCC produit des effets sur le sommeil et autres symptômes de l'insomnie qui sont beaucoup plus durables que les effets dérivés de l'approche pharmacologique seule.

Person-centered approach in business relations: training of active listening for businessmen / Abordagem centrada na pessoa nas relações empresariais: formação de escuta ativa para empresários / Enfoquez centrado en la persona en relaciones comerciales: formación de escucha activa para empresarios

The paper discusses possible applications and limitations of person-centered approach in business education on the case of active listening training for managers. The form of the teaching process is assigned in accordance with the principles of cognitive-behavioral approach to therapy and education. The content is based on the central ideas in person-centered approach. Clear criteria and video feedback allow participants to self-assess their progress in the process of skills acquisition in active listening.(AU)

O artigo discute as possíveis aplicações e limitações da abordagem centrada na pessoa no ensino de negócios no caso da formação de escuta ativa para os gestores. A forma do processo de ensino é atribuído de acordo com os princípios da abordagem cognitivo-comportamental para a terapia e educação. O conteúdo é baseado nas idéias centrais na abordagem centrada na pessoa. Critérios claros e feedback de vídeo permitem que os participantes se auto-avaliar seu progresso no processo de aquisição de competências em escuta ativa.(AU)

El documento analiza las posibles aplicaciones y limitaciones de la persona enfoque centrado en la educación de negocios en el caso de la formación escucha activa para los directivos. La forma del proceso de enseñanza se asigna de acuerdo con los principios del enfoque cognitivo-conductual a la terapia y la educación. El contenido se basa en las ideas centrales de un enfoque centrado en la persona. Criterios claros y retroalimentación de vídeo permiten a los participantes a autoevaluar sus progresos en el proceso de adquisición de habilidades en la escucha activa.(AU)

Person-centered approach in business relations: training of active listening for businessmen / Abordagem centrada na pessoa nas relações empresariais: formação de escuta ativa para empresários / Enfoquez centrado en la persona en relaciones comerciales: formación de escucha activa para empresarios

The paper discusses possible applications and limitations of person-centered approach in business education on the case of active listening training for managers. The form of the teaching process is assigned in accordance with the principles of cognitive-behavioral approach to therapy and education. The content is based on the central ideas in person-centered approach. Clear criteria and video feedback allow participants to self-assess their progress in the process of skills acquisition in active listening...

O artigo discute as possíveis aplicações e limitações da abordagem centrada na pessoa no ensino de negócios no caso da formação de escuta ativa para os gestores. A forma do processo de ensino é atribuído de acordo com os princípios da abordagem cognitivo-comportamental para a terapia e educação. O conteúdo é baseado nas idéias centrais na abordagem centrada na pessoa. Critérios claros e feedback de vídeo permitem que os participantes se auto-avaliar seu progresso no processo de aquisição de competências em escuta ativa...

El documento analiza las posibles aplicaciones y limitaciones de la persona enfoque centrado en la educación de negocios en el caso de la formación escucha activa para los directivos. La forma del proceso de enseñanza se asigna de acuerdo con los principios del enfoque cognitivo-conductual a la terapia y la educación. El contenido se basa en las ideas centrales de un enfoque centrado en la persona. Criterios claros y retroalimentación de vídeo permiten a los participantes a autoevaluar sus progresos en el proceso de adquisición de habilidades en la escucha activa...

Multidisciplinary treatment of disability in ehlers-danlos syndrome hypermobility type/hypermobility syndrome: A pilot study using a combination of physical and cognitive-behavioral therapy on 12 women.

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome hypermobility type (EDS-HT) and joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) are two overlapping heritable connective tissue disorders. Patients with these conditions have many and various complaints; limitations in performing daily activities, reduced muscle strength and proprioception, kinesiophobia, and pain. There is a lack of evidence-based treatment approaches; a few studies have shown effect of physiotherapy. Many authors propose multidisciplinary treatment, but this has neither been described nor evaluated for this patient group. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate if a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program combining physical and cognitive-behavioral therapy was feasible, safe and effective for 12 women with EDS-HT/JHS. Intervention was offered as a group program and consisted of three parts: (1) Two and a half week in a rehabilitation unit with testing, physical training, group discussions and lectures. (2) Individual home exercises for three months with weekly guidance by local physiotherapist. (3) Readmission four days for retesting and further training advice. All participants completed the intervention. We found significant changes in perceived performance of daily activities, significant increase of muscle strength and endurance and a significant reduction of kinesiophobia. There were smaller changes in self-perceived pain. The participants also reported increased participation in daily life.

Estudio bibliométrico sobre intervenciones psicológicas para la esquizofrenia / Bibliometric study on psychological interventions for schizophrenia

La esquizofrenia es una enfermedad mental que, aun siendo abordada desde el siglo XVIII por Kraepelin y Bleuler, actualmente sigue causando desconcierto respecto a su curso y tratamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo era revelar con base en las investigaciones realizadas desde el año 2000 sobre psicoterapias para la esquizofrenia, la terapia que en la actualidad evidencia mayor eficacia para el funcionamiento integral de estos pacientes. Este estudio hizo uso de una metodología bibliométrica donde se analizaron un total de 71 artículos abstraídos de las siguientes bases de datos: Scopus, Pubmed, Medline, ScienceDirect, EbscoHost, Redalyc y Proquest. En los hallazgos encontrados, se evidenció que la terapia cognitivo comportamental fue utilizada en 30 de los 71 artículos. Terapias relacionadas como la cognitiva, y la cognitiva dirigida específicamente al manejo de habilidades sociales sumaron entre las dos otros 19 artículos. Estas terapias se destacaron por propiciar un tratamiento global para los pacientes.

Schizophrenia is a psychiatric illness that has been approached since the eighteenth century by Kraepelin and Bleuler, but continues to cause confusion with respect to its course and treatment. The objective of this study was to reveal, through research realized since 2000 on psychotherapy for schizophrenia, the therapy that with current evidence improves the efficacy for the integral function of these patients. This investigation was based on a bibliometric methodology that analyzed a total of 71 items abstracted from the following databases: Scopus, PubMed, Medline, ScienceDirect, EbscoHost, Redalyc and Proquest. The outcomes of the study demonstrated that cognitive behavioral therapy was used in 30 of the 71 articles analyzed. Related therapies, such as cognitive and cognitive specifically aimed at the management of social skills, added another 19 of these articles. These therapies were recognized for promoting an essential treatment for the patient.

Intervenção cognitivo-comportamental em grupo de socioeducadores: um relato de experiência / Cognitive-behavioral intervention in socio-educational group: An experience report

O trabalho propõe uma experiência de intervenção com socioeducadores de um Centro de Socioeducação do Paraná. Tais centros são instituições responsáveis por acolher e fazer cumprir as medidas educativas de adolescentes que cometeram algum ato infracional. A socioeducação visa oferecer um ambiente humanizador e educativo, permitindo o cumprimento da medida em um clima adequado para a ação educativa voltada ao processo educativo pleno para a participação social cidadã e estimulando o adolescente à construção de um novo projeto de vida baseado em valores éticos e morais. A equipe dirigente vê os internados como não merecedores de confiança, logo, os membros desta equipe sentem-se superiores. O grupo dos internados vê o grupo dos dirigentes como condescendentes, fazendo com que os internados sintam-se inferiores e culpados, existindo assim, distorções de comunicação entre esses dois grupos. O trabalho em grupo contou com a participação de dez socioeducadores, em uma visão cognitivo-comportamental. Intervenções em grupo possibilitam um espaço para aprender a se relacionar, abrangendo o leque de possibilidades para soluções de problemas. O processo envolveu ensinar os socioeducadores a identificar déficits específicos em habilidades sociais ou comportamentais relativas à comunicação, visando aumentar a probabilidade de obter reações positivas dos outros, levando outras consequências positivas

This essay proposes an experience in intervention with socio-educators of a Socio-education Center in the State of Paraná. Such centers are institutions responsible for sheltering and making come to pass educative means of adolescents who have committed any infringement act. Socio-education aims to offer a human and educative environment, allowing the accomplishment of the means in proper conditions for educative action with focus on the full educative process for the citizen social participation, and stimulating the adolescent to the construction of a new life Project based on ethic and moral values. The leading staff sees interns not as trustworthy, thus, members of this team feel superior. The intern group sees the leading staff as condescending, making interns feel inferior and guilty, causing communication distortions between the two groups. Group work has counted with the participation of ten socio-educators, in a cognitive-behavioral view; group interventions enable a space for learning how to join others, enclosing a range of possibilities for problem solving. The process involved teaching socio-educators to identify specific shortages in social or behavioral, communication-related abilities, targeting to improve the probability of obtaining positive reactions from others, leading to other positive consequences