Preventive Practices of Hantavirus in a Rural Community in Panama: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Study.

INTRODUCTION: Preventive care practices are a challenge in community care. This study examined hantavirus preventive practices and their relationship with personal and social factors, lifestyle, and cultural beliefs. METHOD: An explanatory sequential mixed methods design, guided by Leininger's Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality, was used in two phases: (a) a cross-sectional relational design (n = 109) and (b) ethnonursing research (n = 30), in an endemic community in Panama. Univariate and bivariate analyses were used to analyze the quantitative data, whereas the Leininger's analysis model was used to analyze the qualitative data. RESULTS: In the quantitative phase, the most frequent preventive practice was household hygiene, and the least frequent was vector control. Two of the eight preventive practices were associated with personal factors and two were associated with social factors. In the qualitative phase, lifestyle, beliefs, and context were found to influence the adoption of hantavirus preventive practices and help explain the quantitative findings. DISCUSSION: Knowledge and understanding of the social and cultural contexts are essential for hantavirus prevention.

Administering injectable medications prescribed in the anticipation of the end of life in the community: A mixed-methods observational study.

BACKGROUND: The prescription of injectable anticipatory medications ahead of possible need for last-days-of-life symptom relief is established community practice internationally. Healthcare teams and policy makers view anticipatory medication as having a key role in optimising effective and timely symptom control. However, how these medications are subsequently administered (used) is unclear and warrants detailed investigation to inform interdisciplinary practice and guidance. OBJECTIVE: To identify the frequency, timing and recorded circumstances of the administration of injectable end-of-life anticipatory medications prescribed for patients living at home and in residential care. DESIGN: A retrospective mixed-methods observational study using general practitioner (family doctor) and community nursing held clinical records. SETTING(S): Community-based care in two English counties. PARTICIPANTS: 167 deceased adult patients (aged 18+) registered with eleven general practitioner practices and two associated community nursing services. These were patients prescribed anticipatory medications, identified from the 30 most recent deaths per practice. Patients died between 1 March 2017 and 25 September 2019, from any cause except trauma, sudden death or suicide. METHODS: Patient characteristics, anticipatory medication discussions, recorded administration contexts and decision-making, medication details, recorded symptom control and comfort at death were collected from clinical records. Data analysis combined quantitative and qualitative analyses in a mixed methods approach. RESULTS: Anticipatory medications were administered to 59.9 % (100/167) patients, commenced between 0 and 586 days before death (median 3 days). Their usage was similar for patients who died from cancer and non-cancer conditions. Anticipatory medications were almost universally started and titrated by visiting nurses. Eleven patients had medications started between 59 days and 586 days before death for recorded reversible non-end-of-life care conditions. Only 5 % (5/100) of patient records contained detailed accounts of patient participation in decisions to start medications: four were recorded as being reluctant to commence medications but agreed to trial injections to relieve symptoms. Crucially, there was recurrent under-recording of the effectiveness of injectable medications and patient comfort. CONCLUSIONS: Prescribed medications were commonly administered by visiting community nurses to help manage last-days-of-life symptoms. However, patient records infrequently referred to the effectiveness of administered medication and perceived patient comfort. Most recorded references to patient and family preferences for involvement in anticipatory medication decision-making and their experiences of care were brief and perfunctory. More detailed information should be routinely recorded in clinical records to enable assessment of the appropriate and effective use of anticipatory medicines and how inter-professional collaboration and services could be developed to provide adequate twenty-four-hour cover. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Effectiveness of injectable end-of-life symptom control medications and patient comfort often under-recorded @Ben_Bowers__ @PELi_Cam @TheQNI.

Community Care Needs of Highly Complex Chronic Patients: An Epidemiological Study in a Healthcare Area.

One of the priorities in family and community care is the epidemiological surveillance of the care needs and dysfunctionality present in populations of highly complex chronic patients (HCCPs) using standardised nursing languages. The aim of this study is to establish the prevalence of care needs and dysfunctionality among HCCPs in a specific health area by municipalities and geographical areas (metropolitan, north, and south) while verifying correlations with sociodemographic, financial, and health characteristics. This is an epidemiological, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out with a sample of 51,374 HCCPs, whose data were grouped into 31 municipalities. Data were collected on the following variables: sociodemographic, financial, health, functional status (health patterns), and care needs (nursing diagnoses). The mean age of the HCCPs was 73.41 (1.45) years, of which 56.18 (2.86)% were women. The municipalities in the northern area have a significantly higher proportion of older patients, HCCPs, lower incomes, and higher unemployment rates. The southern area had higher proportions of non-Spanish nationals and professionals in the hotel and catering industry, and the metropolitan area had a higher proportion of employed individuals and higher levels of education. Northern municipalities had a higher prevalence of illnesses and anxiolytic and anti-psychotic treatments. Dysfunctionality frequencies did not differ significantly by area. However, a higher prevalence of 13 nursing diagnoses was observed in the north. A high number of correlations were observed between population characteristics, dysfunctionality, and prevalent diagnoses. Finally, the frequencies of dysfunctionality in the population and the most common care needs were mapped by municipality. This research sought to ascertain whether there was an unequal distribution of these two aspects among HCCPs in order to gain a deeper epidemiological understanding of them from a family and community perspective using standardised nursing languages. This study was not registered.

Educational intervention on perceived stress among adults with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome: a non-randomized clinical trial / Intervención educativa sobre el estrés percibido en adultos con diabetes tipo 2 y síndrome metabólico: ensayo clínico no aleatorizado / Intervenção educativa sobre o estresse percebido de adultos com diabetes tipo 2 e síndrome metabólica: ensaio clínico não-randomizado

Objective.To assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention on perceived stress and metabolic syndrome parameters among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method. Fifty-one adults (aged 48.73±7.84; 86.3% of women) were included in a non-randomized clinical trial performed in a healthcare unit for six months (Brazilian Clinical Trial Registry: RBR-43K52N). All participants were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome (intervention group, n=26; control group, n=25). The intervention consisted of a nurse-led educational health-promoting program with a multidisciplinary approach organized in seven workshops. The primary outcome was decreased perceived stress, and the secondary outcome was improvement in metabolic syndrome parameters according to perceived stress levels. These outcomes were assessed at two points in time, at the baseline and follow-up. Results. Participation in the intervention program resulted in a significant decrease in perceived stress (p=0.028). The stressed participants in the intervention group experienced a significant decrease in blood glucose levels (p=0.001) and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p=0.003) concentrations after the six-month intervention. Conclusion.The nurse-led educational health-promoting program decreased perceived stress among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, improving fasting blood glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol among the stressed participants in the intervention group.

Objetivo. Evaluar la efectividad de una intervención educativa sobre el estrés percibido y los componentes del síndrome metabólico en adultos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Métodos. Se incluyeron 51 adultos (48.73±7.84 años; 86.3% mujeres) de un estudio no-ensayo aleatorizado realizado en una unidad de salud durante seis meses, con Registro Brasileño de Ensayos Clínicos: RBR-43K52N, todos los participantes fueron diagnosticados con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y síndrome metabólico (grupo intervención, n=26; grupo control, n=25). La intervención consistió en un programa educativo de promoción de la salud con enfoque multidisciplinario, liderado por una enfermera, estructurado en siete talleres grupales. El resultado primario fue la reducción del estrés percibido y el secundario, la mejora de los componentes del síndrome metabólico influenciados por el nivel de estrés percibido, evaluado en dos momentos, al inicio y después del seguimiento. Resultados. La participación en el programa de intervención resultó en una reducción significativa del estrés percibido en comparación con el grupo control (p=0.028). Los participantes estresados en el grupo de intervención tuvieron, respectivamente, una disminución y un aumento significativos en las concentraciones séricas de glucosa (p=0.001) y lipoproteínas de alta densidad-colesterol (p=0.003) después de seis meses de intervención. Conclusión. Un programa educativo de promoción de la salud liderado por enfermeras fue eficiente para reducir el estrés percibido entre adultos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y síndrome metabólico, además de mejorar la glucemia en ayunas y el colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad en los participantes del grupo estresado de intervención.

Objetivo. Avaliar a efetividade de uma intervenção educativa sobre o estresse percebido e os componentes da síndrome metabólica em adultos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Métodos. Foram incluídos 51 adultos (48.73±7.84 anos de idade; 86.3% mulheres) em um ensaio clínico não-randomizado realizado em uma unidade de saúde durante seis meses, com Registro de Ensaio Clínico Brasileiro: RBR-43K52N.Todos os participantes apresentavam diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e síndrome metabólica (grupo intervenção, n=26; grupo controle, n=25). A intervenção consistiu em um programa educativo de promoção da saúde com abordagem multidisciplinar, liderado por enfermeiro, estruturado em sete oficinas em grupo. O desfecho primário foi a redução do estresse percebido, e o secundário, a melhora dos componentes da síndrome metabólica conforme influência do nível de estresse percebido, avaliados em dois momentos, na condição basal e após o acompanhamento. Resultados. A participação no programa de intervenção resultou na redução significativa do estresse percebido em comparação com o grupo controle (p=0.028). Os participantes estressados do grupo intervenção tiveram, respectivamente, diminuição e aumento significativos das concentrações séricas de glicose (p=0.001) e da lipoproteína-colesterol de alta densidade (p=0.003) após seis meses de intervenção. Conclusão. Um programa educativo de promoção da saúde liderado por enfermeiros foi eficiente para reduzir estresse percebido entre adultos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e síndrome metabólica, além de causar melhora da glicemia de jejum e e da lipoproteína-colesterol de alta densidade dos participantes estressados do grupo intervenção.

Impact of Chronic Disease Self-Management Program on the Self-Perceived Health of People in Areas of Social Vulnerability in Asturias, Spain.

The Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) focuses on a health promotion perspective with a salutogenic approach, reinforcing the pillars of self-efficacy. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the CDSMP on Self-perceived Health (SPH) in disadvantaged areas of Asturias, España. The study included vulnerable adults with experience of chronic diseases for over six months, along with their caregivers. The intervention consisted of a six-session workshop led by two trained peers. SPH was evaluated by administering the initial item of the SF-12 questionnaire at both baseline and six months post-intervention. To evaluate the variable "Change in SPH" [improvement; remained well; worsening/no improvement (reference category)], global and disaggregated by sex multivariate multinomial logistic regression models were applied. There were 332 participants (mean = 60.5 years; 33.6% were at risk of social vulnerability; 66.8% had low incomes). Among the participants, 22.9% reported an improvement in their SPH, without statistically significant sex-based differences, while 38.9% remained in good health. The global model showed age was linked to decreased "improvement" probability (RRRa = 0.96), and the "remaining well" likelihood drops with social risk (RRRa = 0.42). In men, the probability of "remaining well" decreased by having secondary/higher education (RRRa = 0.25) and increased by cohabitation (RRRa = 5.11). Women at social risk were less likely to report "remaining well" (RRRa = 0.36). In conclusion, six months after the intervention, 22.9% of the participants had improved SPH. Age consistently decreased the improvement in the different models.

Perceptions and needs for a community nursing virtual simulation system for Chinese nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study.

Background: Virtual simulation systems are being increasingly used in the field of nursing education. However, these systems are mostly designed based on the perspective of developers, and the needs of the end users are often neglected. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions and needs of Chinese undergraduate nursing students for the development of a community nursing virtual simulation system. Methods: This was a descriptive qualitative study enrolling 12 undergraduate nursing students at a University in China. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The content analysis method was used for data analysis. Result: Three themes and 15 sub-themes were extracted from this study: (1) Positive perceptions regarding virtual systems: a) Provides space for trials and errors, b) Not limited by time and space, c) Provides auxiliary tools; (2) Design and use requirements: a) Performance needs, b) Contents design needs, c) Appearance design needs, d) Support Needs; (3) Competency enhancement needs: a) Community nursing practice ability, b) Critical thinking ability, c) Independent thinking ability, d) Ability to deal with emergencies, e)Teamwork skills, f) Self-efficacy, g) Resilience, h)Interpersonal communication skills. Conclusion: Designers and engineers should consider students' needs, aim to improve students' abilities, improve the diversity, the scientific and rigor of content, and enhance user immersion and interest. The system should be programmed to provide real-time feedback, timely technical and professional support, in order to optimize use experience of nursing students.

A scoping review of Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca: Mapping the health concerns and proposed solutions.

OBJECTIVES: To map the current evidence about the health concerns and the potential solutions related to the Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca. DESIGN: A scoping review was applied. Papers published in English between 2012 and 2023 were included but non-human research and sources without any related data were excluded. Data charting and extraction were used to map the current evidence. RESULTS: The total of 36 papers were included with the total number of pilgrims of 17,075,887. The majority of studies were published in the Asia Pacific region (36.11%) as original articles (88.89%). The health concerns were grouped into five main aspects. There were 7603 deaths recorded or about 44 incidences of deaths per 100,000 pilgrims during the pilgrimage. There were recorded 11,018; 6178; 3393; and 17,810 cases for communicable diseases; non-communicable diseases; injuries and trauma; and health services (i.e., cardiac catheterization) and vaccination, respectively. CONCLUSION: Relating to the five health concerns, this study identified the top seven issues in each category (i.e., hypertension, influenza vaccination), except for the death record. Moreover, there were three solutions (for general health, non- and communicable-diseases) presented. Stakeholders could use this evidence to improve healthcare quality particularly related to the annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca.

Perceptions of community care among nursing students: A cross-sectional study with implications to nursing workforce.

BACKGROUND: A shift of health care services towards community care has driven the need to develop the community care nursing workforce. However, challenges exist in attracting nursing graduates to a career in community care. AIM: To examine perceptions of community care and placement preference among undergraduate nursing students across different years of study in a Singapore university. METHODS: This study examined perceptions of community care and placement preference among undergraduate nursing students across different years of study. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the 'Scale on COmmunity care Perceptions' (SCOPE). RESULTS: Only 31.3 % of the 501 nursing students who completed the survey preferred community care placement. They rated opportunities for advancement, work status and enthusiastic colleagues in community care with relatively lower scores in the SCOPE. Students' placement preferences and year of study were predictive factors of their perceptions of community care nursing. Students who indicated their placement preference in home-based care (p < 0.001) and intermediate long-term care (p < 0.05) reported significantly positive perceptions towards community nursing as compared to students who indicated acute care as their preferred placement. Despite pre-perceived ideas among the year 1 cohort, the community care placement within their course curriculum had an impact on year 2 to 4 students' perceptions of community care. CONCLUSIONS: These findings identified key strategies to increase the community care nursing workforce which include promoting a better understanding of the role of a community nurse, providing quality community placement opportunities supported by preceptors who are good role models and fostering an optimistic career outlook and advancement in community nursing.

Nurse facilitated 5000 m running at Parkrun improves vulnerable adolescent health in a high deprivation area: A matched pair randomized control trial.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of weekly nurse facilitated 5000 m running at Parkrun on markers of health in vulnerable adolescents from a high deprivation area. DESIGN: A matched pair randomized control trial. SAMPLE: Twenty-five adolescents aged 13-18, 90% identifying as Maori/Pasifika ethnicity. INTERVENTION: The intervention (INT) group participated in 6-10 Parkruns within 10 weeks, and a control group (CON) participated in one Parkrun only. A nurse facilitated the intervention offering support and encouragement at each Parkrun. MEASUREMENTS: Pre- and post-intervention testing sessions for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), glycated hemoglobin, body mass index (BMI), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat, and hand grip strength (STR) were conducted. RESULTS: Parkrun improved CRF (F = 5.308, p = 0.035) and 5000 m time (t = 2.850, p = 0.019) by 5.5 ± 4.9 min (11.2%). Parkrun conferred a large beneficial effect on CRF (η2 = 0.249) a moderate beneficial effect on glycated hemoglobin levels (η2 = 0.119), and small beneficial effects upon SMM (η2 = 0.037) and body fat (η2 = 0.017). CONCLUSION: A weekly dose of nurse facilitated Parkrun can be recommended as a simple, accessible intervention that confers multiple beneficial effects on markers for health in adolescents from a high deprivation area.

Predisposing factors of health promotion behaviors and health literacy in adolescents: A cross-sectional design.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to measure health promotion behaviors, health literacy (HL) levels, and their predisposing factors among adolescents. DESIGN: A cross-sectional design was used. SAMPLE: The study was completed by 1046 students aged 11-14 years. MEASUREMENTS: Data were collected via the HL for School-Aged Children Scale and the Adolescent Health Promotion Scale. RESULTS: HL was significantly associated with gender, participation in sport activities, and health promotion behaviors. There was no confounding factor for HL. Adolescent health promotion behaviors were significantly associated with academic level, weight perception, participation in sport activities, and HL. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses could improve communication and decision-making skills related to health behaviors and learn how to obtain health-related knowledge to promote the health of adolescents.

Evaluación de una intervención grupal basada en mindfulness en pacientes con ansiedad y depresión atendidos en un centro comunitario de salud mental: estudio cuasi experimental / Evaluation of a group intervention based on Mindfulness in patients with anxiety and depression cared for in mental health community center: a quasy-experimental study

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una intervención grupal basada en mindfulness en pacientes con ansiedad y depresión atendidos en un centro de salud mental comunitario. Secundariamente, valorar la calidad de vida y la adherencia a la intervención. Método: Estudio cuasi experimental con evaluaciones pre y postintervención llevado a cabo entre marzo de 2015 y diciembre de 2019 en personas mayores de 18 años atendidas en el Centro de Salud Mental de Adultos (CSMA) de Les Corts, Barcelona. Como criterios de inclusión se tomaron en cuenta: 1) sintomatología de ansiedad (Escala de Ansiedad de Hamilton [HARS] > 10 puntos) y 2) firma de consentimiento informado. Las variables recogidas fueron 1) ansiedad, 2) depresión (Inventario de Depresión de Beck [BDI]), 3) calidad de vida (EuroQoL [EQ-5D]) y 4) adherencia a la intervención. La intervención fue de nueve sesiones semanales de 75 min y fue realizada por dos enfermeras. Cada grupo estaba formado por 10-15 pacientes. Resultados: Un total de 128 usuarios fueron incluidos, de los cuales 103 eran mujeres con una edad media de 52,23 (desviación estándar [DE] 12,78). Al comparar medidas pre y post, se observaron mejoras en relación con la sintomatología ansiosa, depresiva y la calidad de vida general (p<0,001) y sus dimensiones de ansiedad-depresión (EQ-5D) (p=0,003). La media de sesiones asistidas fue de 6,17 (DE 2,31) y estaban correlacionadas de forma estadísticamente significativa y positiva con una mejora de la sintomatología ansiosa (p<0,001) y depresiva (p=0,021). No se observaron diferencias entre grupos de edad. Conclusiones: La intervención grupal basada en mindfulness mejora la sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva, así como la calidad de vida. Esto se asocia con una mayor adherencia a la intervención.(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a group intervention based on Mindfulness in patients with anxiety and depression treated in a community mental health center. Secondarily, to evaluate quality of life and adherence to the intervention. Methods: Quasi-experimental study with evaluations pre-post intervention in people over 18 years of age treated at the Les Corts Adult Mental Health Center (AMHC), Barcelona, between March 2015 and December 2019. Inclusion criteria: 1) anxiety symptoms (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale > 10 points); 2) sign informed consent. Variables collected: 1) anxiety; 2) depression (Beck Depression Inventory); 3) quality of life (EuroQoL [EQ-5D]) and 4) adherence to the intervention. The intervention (9 weekly sessions; 75 minutes) was carried out by two nurses. Each group consisted of 10-15 patients. Results: 128 patients were included, of which 103 were women with a mean age of 52.23 years (SD 12.78). Comparisons pre and post measures, its showed improvements in relation to anxiety, depressive symptoms and general quality of life (p<0.001) and in its dimensions of anxiety-depression (EQ-5D) (p=0.003). The mean number of sessions attended was 6.17 (SD 2.31), and they were statistically significant and positively correlated with an improvement in anxiety (p<0.001) and depressive symptoms (p=0.021). There were no differences between age groups. Conclusion: The intervention group based on Mindfulness improves anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as the quality of life. This improvement in the symptomatology is associated with a greater adherence to the intervention.(AU)

Evaluation of a group intervention based on Mindfulness in patients with anxiety and depression cared for in mental health community center: a quasy-experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness a group intervention based on Mindfulness in patients with anxiety and depression treated in a community mental health center. Secondarily, evaluate quality of life and adherence to the intervention. METHODS: Quasi-experimental study with evaluations pre-post intervention in people over 18 years of age treated at the Les Corts Adult Mental Health Center (AMHC), Barcelona, between March 2015 and December 2019. INCLUSION CRITERIA: (1) anxiety symptoms (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale >10 points); (2) sign informed consent. Variables collected: (1) anxiety; (2) depression (Beck Depression Inventory); (3) quality of life (EuroQoL) and (4) adherence to the intervention. The intervention (9 weekly sessions; 75min) was carried out by two nurses. Each group consisted of 10-15 patients. RESULTS: 128 patients were included, of which 103 were women with a mean age of 52.23 years (SD 12.78). Comparisons pre and post measures, its showed improvements in relation to anxiety, depressive symptoms and general quality of life (p<0.001) and in its dimensions of anxiety-depression (p=0.003). The mean number of sessions attended was 6.17 (SD 2.31), and they were statistically significant and positively correlated with an improvement in anxiety (p<0.001) and depressive symptoms (EQ-5D) (p=0.021). There were no differences between age groups. CONCLUSION: The group intervention based on Mindfulness improves anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as the quality of life. This improvement in the symptomatology is associated to greater adherence to the intervention.

Attitudes and perceptions toward COVID-19 virus and vaccines among a Somali population in Northern Wisconsin.

OBJECTIVES: The study's aim was to gain a qualitative understanding of vaccine beliefs and attitudes toward COVID-19 among Somali residents living in Northern Wisconsin (WI). While vaccination rates are significantly lower among Black and Hispanic populations, those with lower educational levels, and in rural areas, minimal is known about Somali population perspectives of COVID-19 vaccination rates. METHODS: Through qualitative methodology employing focus groups for data collection and the inclusion of Somali interpreters, we explored Somali community viewpoints regarding these topics. Focus group interviews were transcribed verbatim with subsequent transcripts reviewed and analyzed by the research team to identify themes. RESULTS: The overarching theme was Protecting self, others, and community. Most participants accepted vaccinations, and the COVID-19 vaccine specifically, to protect themselves, others, and their community. Factors contributing to vaccine update included trusting local messengers, including public health nurses; valuing collective memory associated with previous communicable disease outbreaks; believing religion supported vaccine protective actions; and following recommended government and media advice. CONCLUSION: Study results suggest strategies for increasing community outreach to newly resettled refugee and immigrant minority groups, establishing trust between community members, nurses, and other public health personnel, and facilitators for connecting health messaging to Somali cultural and religious beliefs to promote public health and safety.

The experiences of people who use injection drugs with accessing hepatitis c testing and diagnosis in western countries: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize the literature that reported on the experiences of people who use injection drugs' access to hepatitis C testing and diagnosis in Western countries. METHODS: The initial search was conducted in 2020 and an updated review was completed in 2022. Seven electronic databases were searched using a peer-reviewed search strategy and included: full-text, peer-reviewed studies with people who inject(ed) drugs, hepatitis C testing or diagnosis, conducted in Western countries. Excluded were studies published prior to 2014 and intervention studies. Two-step screening was conducted in duplicate. Conventional content analysis was used. RESULTS: Six studies were found from the search. The studies were published between 2014 and 2021 in Australia, United Kingdom, and United States. A total of 19 participant characteristics were extracted to contextualize their experiences, demonstrating a lack of demographic data. Four themes were found: Awareness and Knowledge, Stigma, Healthcare Service, and Psychological Responses. There were 58 occurrences of client quotes where participants described their experiences, 29 occurrences of quotes describing client-identified barriers, and 14 occurrences of quotes describing client-identified facilitators. CONCLUSION: A scoping review was conducted to present the experiences, barriers, and facilitators of people who use injection drugs to hepatitis C testing. The lack of demographic data and connection to client quotes further exacerbates the inequities among the population by overlooking their intragroup identities. Understanding their experiences of accessing hepatitis C testing and collecting demographic data will help advance health policies and interventions targeting people who use injection drugs.

Researching the Effectiveness of an Online COVID-19 Educational Module among Community Health Nursing Students.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research study was to determine the effectiveness of an innovative online COVID-19 educational module among community health nursing students. DESIGN: Mixed-methods study. METHODS: The sample (N = 86) consisted of prelicensure and postlicensure community health nursing students, who completed a pretest, COVID-19 educational intervention, and posttest. FINDINGS: The majority of participants' scores increased from pretest to posttest, and most participants strongly agreed that the COVID-19 educational module was effective. Strategies to address vaccine hesitancy, information learned and found most helpful, and plans for application and utilization of this knowledge were revealed. CONCLUSIONS: An online COVID-19 community health nursing educational intervention was effective at improving participants' knowledge, confidence, and attitudes regarding COVID-19. CLINICAL EVIDENCE: Online COVID-19 community health nursing education was an effective strategy for increasing preparation for this pandemic and the format can be useful to utilize for future public health emergencies.

SOURCE, a learned resourcefulness program to reduce caregiver burden and improve quality of life for older family caregivers.

BACKGROUND: Family members often undertake caregiving responsibilities over long periods of time, which could lead to caregiving burden. A theory-based and culturally sensitive learned resourcefulness program may help family caregivers mitigate stress by learning and using self-help strategies. OBJECTIVES: This study's aim is to use rigorous methods to investigate the effects of a learned resourcefulness program called SOURCE (Chen et al., Geriatric Nursing, 2021, 45, 1129) to reduce caregiver burden and improve quality of life (QOL) for family caregivers. SOURCE is an acronym for the six self-help behaviors at the core of this theory-based learned resourcefulness program, developed by the Principal Investigator (PI) in collaboration with other researchers (Chen et al., Geriatric Nursing, 2021, 45, 1129). These behaviors are: seeking problem-solving strategies, organizing daily actions, using self-regulation, reframing positive situations, changing negative self-thinking, and exploring new thinking and skills. METHODS: We used a quasi-experimental design with repeated measures for this study. The potential subjects were family caregivers whose family member was receiving home care. PI recruited 94 family caregivers (60 years old or older) who were caring for disabled and/or ill family members who also were 60 years old or older and living at home at the time of the study. The PI recruited these caregivers through the home care services department of a hospital and two community healthcare centers in Taiwan. The experimental group (n = 46) received the four-week in-person SOURCE while their family member continued to receive home care services, whereas the control group (n = 48) did not receive the SOURCE program while their family member received home care services. We collected data from the participants using the Caregiver Burden Scale, EuroQol-5 Dimension, and Rosenbaum's Self-Control Scale at baseline (T0, Week 1), after the intervention (T1, Week 5), and at follow-up (T2, Week 9). We analyzed the data using paired-sample t-tests and used the generalized estimating equation method to compare paired data between the baseline and follow-up. RESULTS: Of the 94 recruited family caregivers, 90.4% (n = 85) completed the study. We found no significant differences between the experimental and control groups in terms of demographic, caregiver burden, and QOL variables at baseline. Compared to the control group, the experimental group had significantly improved caregiver burden scores (indicating a reduction in caregiver burden) at the end of the intervention and at follow-up. The experimental group had significantly improved QOL scores at follow-up only. The experimental group also showed high levels of adherence to and satisfaction with the intervention. The paired-sample t-test results show significantly improved learned resourcefulness between T0 and T1 and between T0 and T2 (t = -5.84, p < 0.001; t = -6.77, p < 0.001) for the experimental group. CONCLUSION: The SOURCE program helped family caregivers develop and use self-help behaviors during their daily caregiving tasks. The family caregivers reported satisfaction with the program as well as reduced caregiver burden and improved QOL after the program ended. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The SOURCE program can be implemented to improve family caregivers' caregiver burden and QOL. Community health nurses can improve self-help abilities of family caregivers by helping them to acquire abilities and skills that allow them to effectively handle stress and reduce their caregiver burden.

Broadcast health: Leveraging YouTube for community health education.

OBJECTIVE: In community health, there is great demand but limited time for the delivery of staff and patient education. During the COVID-19 pandemic, evolving needs necessitated that health education be provided in an accurate and timely manner. This paper describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of a YouTube channel designed to disseminate health education to a wide audience of public health workers and patient populations. METHODS: This project, divided into three phases, originated within shelter-based care, providing education to shelter staff (Phase 1) and overtime has evolved to provide education within the Community Health Worker Hub at a major teaching hospital for community health workers (Phase 2) and the populations they serve (Phase 3). Further, during phase 3, the project developer used an artificial intelligence (AI) platform to increase the reach of the YouTube channel. RESULTS: Over a span of 21 months, 18 unique videos have garnered 489 views. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians and educators can leverage technology platforms for health education delivery, increasing the reach of their work while meeting the demands of the profession. While the quality of some information on YouTube may be poor, patients and students turn to this platform for health education. It is imperative that public health nurses embrace this medium, rather than push against it. By creating high-quality content, educating students and patients about DISCERN and PEMAT tools, and guiding patients to credible sources, public health nurses may ameliorate the standards of health education on YouTube.

Community Health Nursing Education in Austria-The Need for Competences in Planning, Management and Collaboration: A Problem-Centered Qualitative Study.

(1) Background: The Austrian health care system is extremely fragmented. Primary care is mainly provided by self-employed GPs. Other health professionals are rarely integrated into primary care. But, according to the political plans of the Austrian government, a system of community nurses and community health nurses should be implemented and several pilot projects have already been started. (2) Objective: The present study explores the skills and competences needed in the planning, management and collaboration for the change in the system and gives recommendations for community health nurse education in Austria. (3) Methodology: Fifteen qualitative, problem-centered interviews were conducted with experts in the field of community health nursing and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. (4) Results: The skills and competences often and widely mentioned are interprofessional collaboration, cooperation with other actors, systems thinking, project and change management, and basic management skills, including strategic planning, communication, accounting and finance. Areas such as health planning and lobbying are also highlighted. The main competences are broken down into subcompetences, making it possible to create a detailed competence grid. Competences in planning, management and collaboration are particularly important in the initial stages of the first implementation of a community health nursing system. (5) Conclusions: Skills and competences in these areas occupy a central position. A multilayered breakdown of these competences is required in order to create a targeted requirements profile. Due to the small-scale fragmentation of the Austrian health care system, collaboration and coordination are more difficult and costly, but all the more important. The aforementioned skills and competences represent an essential expansion of nursing education in Austria.

Development of a web-based care networking system to support visiting healthcare professionals in the community.

BACKGROUND: The role of visiting health services has been proven to be effective in promoting the health of older populations. Hence, developing a web system for nurses may help improve the quality of visiting health services for community-dwelling frail older adults. This study was conducted to develop a web application that reflects the needs of visiting nurses. METHODS: Visiting nurses of public health centers and community centers in South Korea participated in the design and evaluation process. Six nurses took part in the focus group interviews, and 21 visiting nurses and community center managers participated in the satisfaction evaluation. Focus group interviews were conducted to identify the needs of visiting nurses with respect to system function. Based on the findings, a web application that can support the effective delivery of home visiting services in the community was developed. An artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm was also developed to recommend health and welfare services according to each patient's health status. After development, a structured survey was conducted to evaluate user satisfaction with system features using Kano's model. RESULTS: The new system can be used with mobile devices to increase the mobility of visiting nurses. The system includes 13 features that support the management of patient data and enhance the efficiency of visiting services (e.g., map, navigation, scheduler, protocol archives, professional advice, and online case conferencing). The user satisfaction survey revealed that nurses showed high satisfaction with the system. Among all features, the nurses were most satisfied with the care plan, which included AI-based recommendations for community referral. CONCLUSIONS: The system developed from the study has attractive features for visiting nurses and supports their essential tasks. The system can help with effective case management for older adults requiring in-home care and reduce nurses' workload. It can also improve communication and networking between healthcare and long-term care institutions.

O meu estilo de vida FANTASTICO: Tradução, adaptação e validação do questionário em pré-adolescentes portugueses / The FANTASTIC questionnaire: Translation, adaptation, and validation of the lifestyle assessment instrument in Portuguese preadolescents / Mi estilo de vida FANTASTICO: traducción, adaptación y validación del cuestionario en preadolescentes portugueses

Resumo Enquadramento: Os estilos de vida construídos na pré-adolescência influenciarão todo o desenvolvimento humano ao longo do ciclo vital. O seu diagnóstico constitui uma necessidade efetiva para a prestação dos cuidados de enfermagem ao nível da saúde escolar. Objetivo: Traduzir, adaptar e validar o questionário FANTASTICO para pré-adolescentes portugueses. Metodologia: realizou-se um processo de tradução e de adaptação do questionário com recurso à Técnica de Delphi. Foi criada uma base informática específica. Realizou-se um estudo exploratório para avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do instrumento. O processo desenvolveu-se entre janeiro e julho de 2019. Resultados: A versão traduzida e adaptada em painel de peritos, manteve os 30 itens do instrumento original. O estudo exploratório revelou que o instrumento apresenta um bom alfa de Cronbach total de 0,72. Conclusão: A versão portuguesa O Meu Estilo de Vida FANTASTICO (pré-adolescentes) constitui um bom instrumento de medida para avaliar os estilos de vida dos pré-adolescentes portugueses.

Abstract Background: Lifestyles built in pre-adolescence will influence all human development throughout the life cycle. Its diagnosis constitutes an effective need for the provision of nursing care in terms of school health. Objective: To translate, adapt and validate the FANTASTICO questionnaire for Portuguese pre-adolescents. Methodology: A process of translation and adaptation of the questionnaire was carried out using the Delphi technique. A specific computer base it was created. An exploratory study was carried out to evaluate the instrument's psychometric properties. The process took place between January and July 2019. Results: The translated version and adapted by an expert panel maintained the 30 items of the original instrument. The exploratory study revealed that the instrument has good psychometric properties with a total Cronbach's alpha of 0.72. Conclusion: The Portuguese version O Meu Estilo de Vida FANTASTICO (pre-adolescents) is a good measuring instrument to assess the lifestyles of Portuguese pre-adolescents.

Resumen Marco contextual: Los estilos de vida construidos en la preadolescencia influirán en todo el desarrollo humano a lo largo del ciclo vital. Su diagnóstico es una necesidad efectiva para la prestación de cuidados de enfermería en el ámbito de la salud escolar. Objetivo: Traducir, adaptar y validar el cuestionario FANTASTICO para preadolescentes portugueses. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un proceso de traducción y adaptación del cuestionario mediante la técnica Delphi. Se creó una base de datos informática específica. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio para evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento. El proceso se desarrolló entre enero y julio de 2019. Resultados: La versión traducida y adaptada en panel de expertos mantuvo los 30 ítems del instrumento original. El estudio exploratorio mostró que el instrumento tiene un buen alfa de Cronbach total de 0,72. Conclusión: La versión portuguesa Mi Estilo de Vida FANTASTICO (preadolescentes) constituye un buen instrumento de medida para evaluar los estilos de vida de los preadolescentes portugueses.