Customizable Colorimetric Sensor Array via a High-Throughput Robot for Mitigation of Humidity Interference in Gas Sensing.

One challenge for gas sensors is humidity interference, as dynamic humidity conditions can cause unpredictable fluctuations in the response signal to analytes, increasing quantitative detection errors. Here, we introduce a concept: Select humidity sensors from a pool to compensate for the humidity signal for each gas sensor. In contrast to traditional methods that extremely suppress the humidity response, the sensor pool allows for more accurate gas quantification across a broader range of application scenarios by supplying customized, high-dimensional humidity response data as extrinsic compensation. As a proof-of-concept, mitigation of humidity interference in colorimetric gas quantification was achieved in three steps. First, across a ten-dimensional variable space, an algorithm-driven high-throughput experimental robot discovered multiple local optimum regions where colorimetric humidity sensing formulations exhibited high evaluations on sensitivity, reversibility, response time, and color change extent for 10-90% relative humidity (RH) in room temperature (25 °C). Second, from the local optimum regions, 91 sensing formulations with diverse variables were selected to construct a parent colorimetric humidity sensor array as the sensor pool for humidity signal compensation. Third, the quasi-optimal sensor subarrays were identified as customized humidity signal compensation solutions for different gas sensing scenarios across an approximately full dynamic range of humidity (10-90% RH) using an ingenious combination optimization strategy, and two accurate quantitative detections were attained: one with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) reduction from 4.4 to 0.75% and the other from 5.48 to 1.37%. Moreover, the parent sensor array's excellent humidity selectivity was validated against 10 gases. This work demonstrates the feasibility and superiority of robot-assisted construction of a customizable parent colorimetric sensor array to mitigate humidity interference in gas quantification.

Targeting undruggable phosphatase overcomes trastuzumab resistance by inhibiting multi-oncogenic kinases.

AIMS: Resistance to targeted therapy is one of the critical obstacles in cancer management. Resistance to trastuzumab frequently develops in the treatment for HER2+ cancers. The role of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in trastuzumab resistance is not well understood. In this study, we aim to identify pivotal PTPs affecting trastuzumab resistance and devise a novel counteracting strategy. METHODS: Four public datasets were used to screen PTP candidates in relation to trastuzumab responsiveness in HER2+ breast cancer. Tyrosine kinase (TK) arrays were used to identify kinases that linked to protein tyrosine phosphate receptor type O (PTPRO)-enhanced trastuzumab sensitivity. The efficacy of small activating RNA (saRNA) in trastuzumab-conjugated silica nanoparticles was tested for PTPRO upregulation and resistance mitigation in cell models, a transgenic mouse model, and human cancer cell line-derived xenograft models. RESULTS: PTPRO was identified as the key PTP which influences trastuzumab responsiveness and patient survival. PTPRO de-phosphorated several TKs, including the previously overlooked substrate ERBB3, thereby inhibiting multiple oncogenic pathways associated with drug resistance. Notably, PTPRO, previously deemed "undruggable," was effectively upregulated by saRNA-loaded nanoparticles. The upregulated PTPRO simultaneously inhibited ERBB3, ERBB2, and downstream SRC signaling pathways, thereby counteracting trastuzumab resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Antibody-conjugated saRNA represents an innovative approach for targeting "undruggable" PTPs.

Integrated MUSIC array for high-precision damage diagnosis in complex composite structures.

Guided Wave (GW)-based Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) damage imaging presents several advantages, such as high resolution, which makes it a promising technique for localizing damage in composite structures. However, the application of this technology in aircraft is confronted with various challenges. The variability in performance of MUSIC array sensors is attributed to material and manufacturing process dispersion. Additionally, the conventional wiring of MUSIC array sensors adds considerable weight and is not compatible with complex structural configurations. Furthermore, within intricate configurations, the attenuation of scattering signals induced by structural damage impacts the accuracy of imaging. Moreover, the manual and individual placement of sensors on structures, along with structural anisotropy, may introduce phase errors in the signals detected by MUSIC array sensors. This can lead to a reduction in the accuracy of MUSIC imaging and result in compromised long-term sensor reliability. This paper proposes a high-precision integrated MUSIC array for the diagnosis of complex composite damage. This approach aims to address the challenges related to damage imaging in materials with complex structures. Impedance curve screening and surface-mount co-curing technology are utilized to manage the performance variation of MUSIC array sensors, enhance layout uniformity, and improve long-term stability. Subsequently, a focus compensation algorithm is proposed within the integrated MUSIC design to enhance precision, reduce weight, and adapt to complex structures. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed through experimental validation on an actual complex composite wing box segment, demonstrating a maximum error of 2 cm in locating impact damage.

Reported snakebite mortality and state compensation payments in Madhya Pradesh, India, from 2020 to 2022.

BACKGROUND: India experiences the highest snakebite burden globally, with 58 000 predicted deaths annually. The central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh is thought to have a substantial snakebite burden and provides compensation to families who can demonstrate by postmortem and hospital treatment reports that their relatives have died due to snakebite. This study represents the first report on the frequency of distribution of compensation for snakebite deaths in Madhya Pradesh. METHODS: Statewide snakebite death compensation data from 2020-2021 and 2021-2022, provided by the Madhya Pradesh health authorities, were analysed alongside interviews with 15 families that described the events that ultimately led to their compensation claims. RESULTS: Compensation was paid to a total of 5728 families, with a total value equating to 22 912 Lakhs (approximately US${\$}$27.94 million). Families described commonly recognised snakebite risk factors and behaviours in the events that resulted in their relatives' deaths. CONCLUSIONS: The snakebite burden in Madhya Pradesh is significant, both in terms of mortality and economic expenditure of the state. Sustained investment in preventative interventions, as well as monitoring of the rate of compensation payouts due to snakebite death as a measure of intervention effectiveness, should be considered to substantially reduce snakebite incidence and mortality.

Spatiotemporal evolution of carbon budget and carbon compensation zoning of urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin.

As a crucial industrial, agricultural, and energy base in China, the urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) have faced increasingly significant pressure for carbon emission reduction since the implementation of the "Dual Carbon" strategy. This study focuses on 615 counties within the major urban agglomerations in the YRB, analyzing the spatiotemporal evolution of carbon budget in land use from 2000 to 2020. Methods such as the normalized revealed comparative advantage (NRCA) index and SOM-K-means model are employed to explore the carbon compensation zoning of counties in the urban agglomerations in the YRB from the perspective of main functional zones. The results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, there was a significant and continuous widening gap between carbon emissions and carbon absorption in the study area. The total carbon emissions increased significantly from 3.64 × 108 to 13.56 × 108 t, showing a "north high, south low" spatial distribution pattern. Meanwhile, the carbon absorption remained stable at around 6.47 × 107 t, with a spatial distribution pattern roughly characterized by "higher in the west, lower in the east, and highest in the central part". The carbon budget of various types of functional zones generally aligns well with their strategic positioning. (2) There is a significant regional difference in net carbon emissions among urban agglomerations, with the greatest internal variation observed in the Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration (Gw = 0.471) and the most notable differences between the Lanzhou-Xining Urban Agglomeration and others (Gb = 0.554). (3) The study area consists of 273 payment zones, 257 balanced zones, and 85 compensated zones. Combining with the reconstruction of main functional areas, seven types of carbon compensation zones are identified.

Renewable compensation policies and conventional energy investment: A theoretical model.

Many jurisdictions are simultaneously expanding natural gas and renewable capacities, largely supported by renewable compensation policies (RCPs). However, RCPs' impacts on firms' incentives for conventional capacity investment remain unclear. This paper develops a two-stage theoretical model to investigate this interaction within an imperfect competition and uncertain demand context. Firms initially invest in conventional energy capacity, followed by competing to supply electricity from conventional and previously owned renewables. Conventional output is compensated at market prices, but renewable output is subject to two common RCPs: feed-in tariffs (FiT) and feed-in premiums (FiP). The illustrative numerical example shows that increasing the proportion of renewable output compensated by a FiT from 20% to 80% increases the market-level conventional investment by 18%, leading to an increase in consumer surplus but decreasing firms' profits. These results exemplify the unintended effects of RCPs, encouraging the adoption of conventional generation capacity. The model presented in this paper provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the relationship between RCPs and conventional energy capacity investment-critical for carbon-intensive nations transitioning to renewables while maintaining reliable electricity supply through conventional generation.

Assessing the effectiveness of PM2.5 pollution control from the perspective of interprovincial transport and PM2.5 mitigation costs across China.

Due to the transboundary nature of air pollutants, a province's efforts to improve air quality can reduce PM2.5 concentration in the surrounding area. The inter-provincial PM2.5 pollution transport could bring great challenges to related environmental management work, such as financial fund allocation and subsidy policy formulation. Herein, we examined the transport characteristics of PM2.5 pollution across provinces in 2013 and 2020 via chemical transport modeling and then monetized inter-provincial contributions of PM2.5 improvement based on pollutant emission control costs. We found that approximately 60% of the PM2.5 pollution was from local sources, while the remaining 40% originated from outside provinces. Furthermore, about 1011 billion RMB of provincial air pollutant abatement costs contributed to the PM2.5 concentration decline in other provinces during 2013-2020, accounting for 41.2% of the total abatement costs. Provinces with lower unit improvement costs for PM2.5, such as Jiangsu, Hebei, and Shandong, were major contributors, while Guangdong, Guangxi, and Fujian, bearing higher unit costs, were among the main beneficiaries. Our study identifies provinces that contribute to air quality improvement in other provinces, have high economic efficiency, and provide a quantitative framework for determining inter-provincial compensations. This study also reveals the uneven distribution of pollution abatement costs (PM2.5 improvement/abatement costs) due to transboundary PM2.5 transport, calling for adopting inter-provincial economic compensation policies. Such mechanisms ensure equitable cost-sharing and effective regional air quality management.

Patient partner perspectives on compensation: Insights from the Canadian Patient Partner Survey.

INTRODUCTION: There is a growing role for patients, family members and caregivers as consultants, collaborators and partners in health system settings in Canada. However, compensation for this role is not systematized. When offered, it varies in both type (e.g., one-time honorarium, salary) and amount. Further, broad-based views of patient partners on compensation are still unknown. We aimed to describe the types and frequency of compensation patient partners have been offered and their attitudes towards compensation. METHODS: This study uses data from the Canadian Patient Partner Study (CPPS) survey. The survey gathered the experiences and perspectives of those who self-identified as patient partners working across the Canadian health system. Three questions were about compensation, asking what types of compensation participants had been offered, if they had ever refused compensation, and whether they felt adequately compensated. The latter two questions included open-text comments in addition to menu-based and scaled response options. Basic frequencies were performed for all questions and open-text comments were analyzed through inductive qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: A total of 603 individuals participated in the CPPS survey. Most respondents were never or rarely offered salary (81%), honorarium (64%), gift cards (80%) or material gifts (93%) while half were offered conference registration and expenses at least sometimes. A total of 129 (26%) of 499 respondents reported refusing compensation. Of 511 respondents, half felt adequately compensated always or often, and half only sometimes, rarely or never. Open-text comments revealed positive, ambivalent and negative attitudes towards compensation. Attitudes were framed by perceptions about their role, sentiments of giving back to the health system, feelings of acknowledgement, practical considerations, values of fairness and equity and accountability relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm that compensation is not standardized in Canada. Half of survey respondents routinely feel inadequately compensated. Patient partners have diverse views of what constitutes adequate compensation inclusive of personal considerations such as a preference for volunteering, and broader concerns such as promoting equity in patient partnership. Organizations should attempt to ensure that compensation practices are clear, transparent and attentive to patient partners' unique contexts. PATIENT CONTRIBUTION: Two patient partners are members of the CPPS research team and have been fully engaged in all study phases from project conception to knowledge translation. They are co-authors of this manuscript. The survey was co-designed and pilot tested with patient partners and survey participants were patient partners.

Electronic medical record clinical workload metrics from 10,210 gastroenterologists in North America.

In the United States, clinical work had been primarily compensated via a relative value unit (RVU) system reliant on professional surveys estimating the value of clinical care events. However, with the advent of time-based billing in 2021, time accounting has become an important work compensation metric. The Signal functionality within Epic, the most widely used electronic medical record (EMR) system in North America, tracks clinician time within the system. We extracted Epic Signal data from 10,200 gastroenterologists at 356 North American institutions for analysis. Workload metrics were reported as group median (interquartile range) per month and comparisons were performed using nonparametric testing. Gastroenterologists exhibit different EMR time patterns based on clientele and practice arenas. Compared with counterparts, pediatric and academic gastroenterologists spend more time at each encounter which had not been compensated under prior RVU valuations. Clinical compensation benchmarks should be driven by time-based workload metrics to ensure appropriate compensation.

Altered thalamus functional connectivity in patients with acute unilateral vestibulopathy: a resting-state fMRI study.

Objective: Acute unilateral vestibulopathy (AUVP) is the second leading cause of peripheral vestibular vertigo. Full recovery of AUVP is related to sufficient central vestibular compensation. It has been confirmed that the vestibular nucleus and vestibular cortex are involved in the process of vestibular compensatory in AUVP patients. However, few studies have focused on the functional compensation of thalamus in patients with AUVP. This study aimed to explore the alterations of resting-state functional connectivity (FC) focused on thalamus using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in AUVP patients. Methods: Data of 3D-T1 and resting-state fMRI were collected from 40 AUVP patients and 35 healthy controls (HC). Seeds-based (bilateral thalamus) FC was analyzed to investigate the changes in FC between the two groups. Furthermore, we evaluated the associations between altered thalamus FC and clinical features in AUVP patients using Pearson's partial correlation. Results: Compared with HC, AUVP patients showed decreased FC between bilateral thalamus and left insula. We also observed decreased FC between right thalamus and left supramarginal gyrus. Additionally, we found increased FC between left thalamus and right postcentral gyrus (PCG), as well as increased FC between right thalamus and regions of bilateral PCG, right middle frontal gyrus and right middle occipital gyrus in AUVP patients. Furthermore, the FC between left thalamus and left insula was negatively correlated with values of canal paresis in patients with AUVP (p = 0.010, r = -0.434). Conclusion: Our results provided first evidence for the decreased thalamo-vestibular cortex pathway, as well as increased thalamo-somatosensory and thalamo-visual cortex pathway in AUVP patients. These findings help us better understand the underlying mechanisms of central dynamic compensatory following an acute unilateral peripheral vestibular damage.

Cardiomyocyte crosstalk with endothelium modulates cardiac structure, function, and ischemia-reperfusion injury susceptibility through erythropoietin.

Erythropoietin (EPO) exerts non-canonical roles beyond erythropoiesis that are developmentally, structurally, and physiologically relevant for the heart as a paracrine factor. The role for paracrine EPO signalling and cellular crosstalk in the adult is uncertain. Here, we provided novel evidence showing cardiomyocyte restricted loss of function in Epo in adult mice induced hyper-compensatory increases in Epo expression by adjacent cardiac endothelial cells via HIF-2α independent mechanisms. These hearts showed concentric cellular hypertrophy, elevated contractility and relaxation, and greater resistance to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Voluntary exercise capacity compared to control hearts was improved independent of any changes to whole-body metabolism or blood O2 content or delivery (i.e., hematocrit). Our findings suggest cardiac EPO had a localized effect within the normoxic heart, which was regulated by cell-specific EPO-reciprocity between cardiomyocytes and endothelium. Within the heart, hyper-compensated endothelial Epo expression was accompanied by elevated Vegfr1 and Vegfb RNA, that upon pharmacological pan-inhibition of VEGF-VEGFR signaling, resulted in a paradoxical upregulation in whole-heart Epo. Thus, we provide the first evidence that a novel EPO-EPOR/VEGF-VEGFR axis exists to carefully mediate cardiac homeostasis via cardiomyocyte-endothelial EPO crosstalk.

Finite-time compensation control with dead-zone estimation for a rehabilitative walker considering internal disturbance forces.

This study discusses a finite-time compensation tracking control method for a rehabilitative training walker. The dynamic model with input dead zone was constructed to describe the walker, and a finite-time disturbance forces observation method was proposed based on the impact mechanism on tracking performance. This approach is novel in that the disturbance forces were observed in reverse through their effects on tracking performance, thus successfully obtaining the disturbance forces of the walker. To ensure the practical finite-time stability of the system, the nonlinear finite-time compensation tracking controller with stochastic configuration networks (SCN) dead-zone estimation was built for the rehabilitative walker. Simulation results and comparative analyses confirmed that the proposed compensation control method effectively restrains dead zone and internal disturbance forces.

How to play the role of fiscal subsidies? Based on the research of photovoltaic industry in China--Based on SBM-DEA and FGLS methods.

Fiscal compensation may play either an incentive or a crowding-out role in the different enterprises of the PV industry. First, a model for evaluating the efficiency of fiscal compensation was designed. Then, an empirical analysis of the influencing factors using a panel data model was made. Results showed that fiscal compensation had an incentive effect on 73.3 % of enterprises, but it had a crowding-out effect on the remaining enterprises. The average efficiency of fiscal compensation for enterprises in the PV industry is 1.117. The average efficiency of fiscal compensation for the front-end and back-end enterprises was 1.002 and 1.231, respectively. The impact of fiscal compensation on China's photovoltaic industry has shown a downward trend over time, and the role has also changed from an incentive effect to a crowding-out effect. The size of the enterprise and the intensity of fiscal compensation will affect the efficiency of fiscal compensation. There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the intensity of fiscal compensation in China's photovoltaic industry and the efficiency of fiscal compensation. The larger the enterprise, the more efficient the fiscal compensation will be.

Temporal relationships in the movement behaviour of adolescents: Testing and methodological considerations of the ActivityStat hypothesis.

The study aimed to investigate the ActivityStat hypothesis by examining the presence and the timeframe of the temporal relationships among physical activity (PA) levels and stationary time (ST) in adolescents. A secondary analysis was performed on data involving 356 adolescents in Dunedin, New Zealand. Participants wore a waist-worn accelerometer for several consecutive days to assess PA levels [i.e. light PA (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA)] and ST. Bayesian continuous-time structural equation modelling (CT-SEM) was used to examine the relationship between the behaviours over time and the timeframe during which these relationships occur. Increases in LPA, MVPA, and ST were positively associated with their later behaviours until 2.5, 1.7, and 2 days later, respectively. A cross-behavioural reciprocal and negative relationship between LPA and ST was demonstrated 0.4 days later. A positive relationship between ST and MVPA was observed until about 0.4 days later. This is the first study to investigate the ActivityStat hypothesis using Bayesian CT-SEM in adolescents, examining the multivariate relationships among different behaviours and the associated timeframes. To conclude, evidence of activity synergy was suggested for the within-behavioural relationships, while behavioural compensation was noted for ST. Thus, the findings provide some support for the ActivityStat hypothesis in adolescents.

Absolute values of regional ventilation-perfusion mismatch in patients with ARDS monitored by electrical impedance tomography and the role of dead space and shunt compensation.

BACKGROUND: Assessment of regional ventilation/perfusion (V'/Q) mismatch using electrical impedance tomography (EIT) represents a promising advancement for personalized management of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, accuracy is still hindered by the need for invasive monitoring to calibrate ventilation and perfusion. Here, we propose a non-invasive correction that uses only EIT data and characterized patients with more pronounced compensation of V'/Q mismatch. METHODS: We enrolled twenty-one ARDS patients on controlled mechanical ventilation. Cardiac output was measured invasively, and ventilation and perfusion were assessed by EIT. Relative V'/Q maps by EIT were calibrated to absolute values using the minute ventilation to invasive cardiac output (MV/CO) ratio (V'/Q-ABS), left unadjusted (V'/Q-REL), or corrected by MV/CO ratio derived from EIT data (V'/Q-CORR). The ratio between ventilation to dependent regions and perfusion reaching shunted units ( V D ' /QSHUNT) was calculated as an index of more effective hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. The ratio between perfusion to non-dependent regions and ventilation to dead space units (QND/ V DS ' ) was calculated as an index of hypocapnic pneumoconstriction. RESULTS: Our calibration factor correlated with invasive MV/CO (r = 0.65, p < 0.001), showed good accuracy and no apparent bias. Compared to V'/Q-ABS, V'/Q-REL maps overestimated ventilation (p = 0.013) and perfusion (p = 0.002) to low V'/Q units and underestimated ventilation (p = 0.011) and perfusion (p = 0.008) to high V'/Q units. The heterogeneity of ventilation and perfusion reaching different V'/Q compartments was underestimated. V'/Q-CORR maps eliminated all these differences with V'/Q-ABS (p > 0.05). Higher V D ' / Q SHUNT correlated with higher PaO2/FiO2 (r = 0.49, p = 0.025) and lower shunt fraction (ρ = - 0.59, p = 0.005). Higher Q ND / V DS ' correlated with lower PEEP (ρ = - 0.62, p = 0.003) and plateau pressure (ρ = - 0.59, p = 0.005). Lower values of both indexes were associated with less ventilator-free days (p = 0.05 and p = 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Regional V'/Q maps calibrated with a non-invasive EIT-only method closely approximate the ones obtained with invasive monitoring. Higher efficiency of shunt compensation improves oxygenation while compensation of dead space is less needed at lower airway pressure. Patients with more effective compensation mechanisms could have better outcomes.

Oxytocin enhances group-based guilt in high moral disengagement individuals through increased moral responsibility.

Group-based guilt (collective guilt) refers to the negative emotions experienced when group members violate moral standards and can motivate prosocial behavior. Individuals exhibiting high levels of moral disengagement are prone to engaging in unethical conduct without experience of guilt, thereby prolonging or exacerbating conflicts and hindering conflict resolution. Oxytocin is believed to play key role in shaping social cognition and behaviors associated with morality and prosociality. So, this study (N = 79) explores oxytocin's potential to enhance group-based guilt and compensation for victims among individuals with high moral disengagement. Employing a randomized placebo-controlled design, participants received either oxytocin or placebo before undertaking a task designed to induce group-based guilt, during which they made decisions regarding the allocation of money to victims. Results revealed that participants with high moral disengagement who received oxytocin perceived higher levels of moral responsibility, experienced increased group-based guilt, and allocated significantly more money to victims compared to those who received the placebo. These findings suggested that oxytocin holds promise as an intervention to mitigate moral disengagement and foster moral behavior in individuals predisposed to avoiding responsibility and guilt feelings.

A Compensation Method for Full-Field-of-View Energy Nonuniformity in Dark-and-Weak-Target Simulators.

Dark-and-weak-target simulators are used as ground-based calibration devices to test and calibrate the performance metrics of star sensors. However, these simulators are affected by full-field-of-view energy nonuniformity. This problem impacts the quality of output images and the calibration accuracy of sensors and inhibits further improvements in navigational accuracy. In the study reported in this paper, we sought to analyze the factors which affect full-field-of-view energy uniformity in dark-and-weak-target simulators. These include uneven irradiation in backlight sources, the leakage of light from LCD display panels, and the vignetting of collimating optical systems. We then established an energy transfer model of a dark-and-weak-target simulator based on the propagation of a point light source and proposed a self-adaptive compensation algorithm based on pixel-by-pixel fitting. This algorithm used a sensor to capture the output image of a dark-and-weak-target simulator and iteratively calculated the response error matrix of the simulator. Finally, we validated the feasibility and effectiveness of the compensation algorithm by acquiring images using a self-built test system. The results showed that, after compensating an output image of the dark-and-weak-target simulator, the grayscale standard display function (SDF) of the acquired sensor image was reduced by about 50% overall, so the acquisition image was more accurately compensated, and the desired level of grayscale distribution was obtained. This study provides a reference for improving the quality of output images from dark-and-weak-target simulators, so that the working environments of star sensors may be more realistically simulated, and their detection performance improved.

A Novel Joint Motion Compensation Algorithm for ISAR Imaging Based on Entropy Minimization.

Space targets move in orbit at a very high speed, so in order to obtain high-quality imaging, high-speed motion compensation (HSMC) and translational motion compensation (TMC) are required. HSMC and TMC are usually adjacent, and the residual error of HSMC will reduce the accuracy of TMC. At the same time, under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the accuracy of HSMC and TMC will also decrease, which brings challenges to high-quality ISAR imaging. Therefore, this paper proposes a joint ISAR motion compensation algorithm based on entropy minimization under low-SNR conditions. Firstly, the motion of the space target is analyzed, and the echo signal model is obtained. Then, the motion of the space target is modeled as a high-order polynomial, and a parameterized joint compensation model of high-speed motion and translational motion is established. Finally, taking the image entropy after joint motion compensation as the objective function, the red-tailed hawk-Nelder-Mead (RTH-NM) algorithm is used to estimate the target motion parameters, and the joint compensation is carried out. The experimental results of simulation data and real data verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.

Double closed loop PI control with full compensation arc elimination based on zero sequence voltage of neutral point.

Aiming at the problem of zero sequence voltage generated by unbalance parameters of line to ground, which affects arc suppression effect of grounding fault of controllable voltage source. By analyzing the influence of ground unbalance parameters on the arc suppression effect of controllable voltage source under different grounding modes, the mechanism of full compensation arc suppression based on zero sequence voltage of neutral point is revealed, and on this basis, a fully compensated arc suppression model of controllable voltage source controlled by double closed loop PI is established, and the deviation control is carried out by using the neutral voltage of distribution network and the voltage of fault phase supply. The residual voltage ring adopts the ground fault phase residual voltage for closed loop control. The simulation results show that the dual-closed-loop PI control algorithm can continuously stabilize the output waveform of the controllable voltage source. When the transition resistance is 0.1 ~ 10 kΩ, the residual voltage stabilization time of the independent controllable voltage source grounding method is 43 ms ~ 2.4 s, and the parallel arc suppression coil grounding method is 43 ms ~ 4.7 s. The proposed dual closed-loop PI control method for neutral point voltage deviation and fault residual voltage can stabilize the residual voltage of the grounded fault phase to below 10 V, forcing reliable arc extinction at the grounded fault point, exhibiting good stability. Low-voltage simulation tests have also proved the feasibility of the algorithm.

Work loss among privately insured employees with overweight and obesity in the United States.

Background: Rising obesity rates in the workforce are accompanied by a hidden cost burden to employers due to work productivity loss. Understanding the impact of obesity on work productivity is essential for employers to provide tailored weight loss interventions in the workplace. Objectives: To measure work loss and associated productivity costs among employees with overweight/obesity compared with employees with normal weight. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used the MerativeTM MarketScan® Health and Productivity Management Database to identify adult employees with ≥1 diagnosis code reporting a body mass index (BMI) between 1/1/2015-12/31/2019. Based on the earliest BMI, employees were assigned to normal weight (BMI 19-24.9), overweight (BMI 25-29.9), obesity class 1 (BMI 30-34.9), obesity class 2 (BMI 35-39.9), and obesity class 3 (BMI ≥40) cohorts. Among employees with data for each work loss category (absenteeism, short-term disability [STD], long-term disability [LTD], worker's compensation [WC]) during the 12-month follow-up, the percentage of employees with work loss, number of hours/days lost, and associated productivity costs were reported. Results: 719,482 employees (normal weight: 106,631, overweight: 230,637, obesity class 1: 185,850, obesity class 2: 101,909, obesity class 3: 94,455) were included. Outcomes increased with each higher BMI category for the mean number of absence hours ([in order of BMI category]: 262, 273, 285, 290, 304) and percentage of employees with a claim (STD: 6.8%, 7.6%, 9.7%, 11.7%, 17.0%; LTD: 0.4%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.8%; WC: 2.7%, 2.8%, 3.4%, 3.6%, 3.5%). Estimated costs to the employer associated with absenteeism, STD, LTD, and WC were $1,036, $611, $38, and $95 higher per year (respectively) in the obesity class 3 cohort relative to the normal weight cohort. Conclusions: This real-world analysis demonstrated that employees with overweight/obesity had higher loss of work productivity compared with employees with normal weight. Further studies are warranted to determine the long-term impacts on work productivity loss if overweight and obesity are left untreated.