Transcriptomic and proteomic elucidation of Z chromosome dosage compensation in Helicoverpa armigera.

Transcriptomic data have been used to study sex chromosome dosage compensation (SCDC) in approximately 10 Lepidoptera ZW species, yielding a consensus compensation pattern of Z ≈ ZZ < AA . $$ \approx \mathrm{ZZ}<\mathrm{AA}. $$ It remains unclear whether this compensation pattern holds when examining more Lepidoptera ZW species and/or using proteomic data to analyse SCDC. Here we combined transcriptomic and proteomic data as well as transcriptional level of six individual Z genes to reveal the SCDC pattern in Helicoverpa armigera, a polyphagous lepidopteran pest of economic importance. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the Z chromosome expression of H. armigera was balanced between male and female but substantially reduced relative to autosome expression, exhibiting an SCDC pattern of Z ≈ ZZ < AA $$ \approx \mathrm{ZZ}<\mathrm{AA} $$ . When using H. amigera midgut proteomic data, the SCDC pattern of this species changed from Z ≈ ZZ < AA $$ \approx \mathrm{ZZ}<\mathrm{AA} $$ at transcriptomic level to Z = ZZ = AA at the proteomic level. RT-qPCR analysis of transcript abundance of six Z genes found that compensation for each Z gene could vary from no compensation to overcompensation, depending on the individual genes and tissues tested. These results demonstrate for the first time the existence of a translational compensation mechanism, which is operating in addition to a translational mechanism, such as has been reported in other lepidopteran species. And the transcriptional compensation mechanism functions to accomplish Z chromosome dosage balance between the sexes (M = F on the Z chromosome), whereas the translation compensation mechanism operates to achieve dosage compensation between Z chromosome and autosome (Z = AA).

Identification and impact of failure of pelvic compensation in patients with adult spinal deformity.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Previous research has identified a specific subtype known as failure of pelvic compensation (FPC) in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD). However, the criteria for assessing FPC remain inconsistent, and its impacts on spinal sagittal alignment and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) scores remain unclear. PURPOSE: To propose a novel criterion for identifying FPC based on variations in spinopelvic alignment during the transition from the supine to upright position and to evaluate the effects of FPC on patients' spinal sagittal alignment and HRQoL scores. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Retrospective cross-sectional study. PATIENT SAMPLE: Patients with ASD from a monocenter database. OUTCOME MEASURES: Radiographic measures, including thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt, pelvic incidence (PI), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA), were measured on lateral whole-spine radiographs. LL and SS were also measured on reconstructed lumbar computed tomography images in the sagittal view taken in the supine position. The relative functional cross-sectional area (rFCSA) of paraspinal muscles was evaluated via lumbar magnetic resonance imaging. HRQoL measures, encompassing visual analog scale for back pain (VAS-BP), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Scoliosis Research Society-22R (SRS-22R), were collected. METHODS: A total of 154 patients were enrolled. Based on the calculated minimum detectable change of SS, FPC was defined as the change in SS of less than 3.4° between supine and upright positions. Patients were divided into 3 groups: sagittal balance with pelvic compensation (SI-PC), sagittal imbalance with pelvic compensation (SI-PC), and sagittal imbalance with failure of pelvic compensation (SI-FPC). Radiographic parameters and HRQoL scores were compared among the groups. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients were categorized into the SB-PC group, 87 into the SI-PC group, and 31 into the SI-FPC group. Patients with low PI and small paraspinal muscles rFCSA were more prone to experiencing FPC accompanied by severe sagittal imbalance. The SI-FPC group exhibited less TK and a larger SS than the SI-PC group exhibited and had a similar SVA as that of the SI-PC group. Additionally, they displayed worse VAS-BP, ODI, SRS-function, and SRS-22 total scores than the SB-PC group displayed. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with ASD, an inherently low pelvic compensatory reserve and a high fatty infiltration in paraspinal muscles are pivotal factors contributing to FPC. Compared with SI-PC patients, SI-FPC patients demonstrate a thoracic-dominant compensatory pattern for sagittal malalignment. In addition, these patients experienced more severe pain and functional decline than the SB-PC patients experienced.

Unraveling the toxicity response and metabolic compensation mechanism of tannic acid-Cr(III) complex on alga Raphidocelis subcapitata.

Due to their assembly properties and variable molecular weights, the potential biological toxicity effects of macromolecular organic ligand heavy metal complexes are more difficult to predict and their mechanisms are more complex. This study unraveled the toxicity response and metabolic compensation mechanism of tannic acid-Cr(III) (TA-Cr(III)) complex on alga Raphidocelis subcapitata using multi-omics approaches. Results showed TA-Cr(III) complex caused oxidative damage and photosystem disruption, destroying the cell morphology and inhibiting algal growth by >80 % at high exposure levels. TA-Cr(III) complex stress down-regulated proteins linked to proliferation, photosynthesis and antioxidation while upregulating carbon fixation, TCA cycle and amino acid metabolism. The increase of fumarate, citrate, isocitrate and semialdehyde succinate was validated by metabolomics analysis, which improved the TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism and carbon fixation. Activation of the above cellular processes somewhat compensated for the inhibition of algal photosynthesis by TA-Cr(III) complex exposure. In conclusion, physiological toxicity coupled with downstream metabolic compensation in response to Cr(III) complex of macromolecular was characterized in Raphidocelis subcapitata, unveiling the adaptive mechanism of algae under the stress of heavy metal complexes with macromolecular organic ligands.

Evaluation of overexposure risk when there is a space between the subject and the couch in computed tomography: a phantom study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk of overexposure associated with automatic tube current modulation (ATCM) and automatic couch height positioning compensation mechanism (AHC) in computed tomography (CT) systems, particularly in scenarios involving a gap between the subject and the couch. Results revealed that when AHC was enabled, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) increased by approximately 10% at 2.5 cm, 20% at 5.0 cm, and 40% at 10.0 cm gaps compared to close contact conditions. While the AHC function ensures consistent exposure doses and image quality regardless of subject positioning relative to the CT gantry isocenter, the study highlights a potential risk of overexposure when a gap exists between the subject and the couch. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing CT imaging protocols and underscore the importance of carefully considering subject positioning in clinical practice.

An Unpowered Knee Exoskeleton for Walking Assistance and Energy Capture.

In order to reduce the energy consumption of human daily movement without providing additional power, we considered the biomechanical behavior of the knee during external impedance interactions. Based on the theory of human sports biomechanics, combined with the requirements of human-machine coupling motion consistency and coordination, an unpowered exoskeleton-assisted device for the knee joint is proposed in this paper. The effectiveness of this assisted device was verified using gait experiments and distributed plantar pressure tests with three modes: "not wearing exoskeleton" (No exo.), "wearing exoskeleton with assistance " (Exo. On), and "wearing exoskeleton without assistance" (Exo. Off). The experimental results indicate that (1) This device can effectively enhance the function of the knee, increasing the range of knee movement by 3.72% (p < 0.001). (2) In the early stages of the lower limb swing, this device reduces the activity of muscles in relation to the knee flexion, such as the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and soleus muscles. (3) For the first time, it was found that the movement length of the plantar pressure center was reduced by 6.57% (p = 0.027). This basic principle can be applied to assist the in-depth development of wearable devices.

Horizontal ecological compensation mechanism and green low-carbon development in river basins: evidence from Xin'an River basin.

The Basin Horizontal Ecological Compensation Mechanism (BHEC) is a significant institutional innovation in China's water environment management, aimed at achieving green, low-carbon, and high-quality development in the basin. This paper examines the current status of the spatial association network of green low-carbon development in Xin'an River basin, using social network analysis based on data from prefecture-level cities between 2006 and 2019. Using a dual difference model, the paper explores the important role of BHEC in promoting green low-carbon development from the perspectives of production and consumption and analyzes the path of BHEC's promotion of green low-carbon development in detail. The results indicate that (1) the green low-carbon development in the Xin'an River basin is universally connected in space, but this connection is uneven among the cities in the basin, presenting a network spatial structure with the central region as the core and the north and south regions approaching the core. (2) BHEC contributes to green low-carbon development, and the "two-wheel drive" of green technology progress and green technology efficiency is essential to improve green low-carbon development. (3) From the perspective of consumption affecting green low-carbon development, the positive impact of BHEC on green low-carbon development is inseparable from the synergistic guarantee of public participation. (4) From the production side of green low-carbon development, the ecological effect, structural effect, and technological effect are significant transmission factors of compensation policies affecting green low-carbon development. (5) The "blood transfusion" pilot policy is more helpful to improve green low-carbon development, and compensation policy has positive spillover effects. Finally, the paper argues that the trans-basin ecological compensation policy is expected to become a long-term mechanism to promote green low-carbon and high-quality development in the basin, providing a theoretical and practical basis for developing countries to achieve green low-carbon development through an ecological compensation system.

Compensation Characteristics of Spinal Sagittal Malalignment According to Pelvic Incidence in Elderly Patients with Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis.

OBJECTIVE: Compensation characteristics of spinal sagittal malalignment according to pelvic incidence (PI) have yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the difference in compensatory segments according to PI in elderly patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS). METHODS: This retrospective study included 196 patients (143 females, 53 males) suffering from DLSS with an average age of 66.73 years in our department. Sagittal parameters were obtained on the whole spinal lateral radiograph, including T1-T12 slope (T1S-T12S), Cobb angle (CA) of the functional units of the thoracic spine, thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), PI, the ratio of PT to PI (PT/PI), PI minus LL mismatch (PI-LL), sagittal vertical axis (SVA). Patients were divided into the low and high PI groups according to the median value of PI. With reference to the value of SVA and PI-LL, each PI group was further grouped into the balance subgroup (SVA < 50 mm, PI-LL ≤10°), hidden imbalance subgroup (SVA < 50 mm, PI-LL > 10°), and imbalance subgroup (SVA ≥50 mm). Independent samples t-test/Mann-Whitney U test, one-way ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis test, and Person correlation analysis were utilized for statistical test. RESULTS: The median value of PI was 47.65°. 96 and 100 patients were assigned to low and high PI groups, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that the T8-T12 slope and T10-T12 slope were associated with PI-LL in the high and low PI groups, respectively (all, p < 0.01). For segmental lordosis, T8-9 to T11-12 CA and T10-11 to T11-12 CA were associated with PI-LL in the high and low PI groups, respectively (all, p < 0.01). In the high PI cohort, T8-12 CA and PT increased significantly from the balance to imbalance subgroups (both, p < 0.05). In the low PI cohort, T10-12 CA and PT first increased and then decreased from the balance to imbalance subgroups (both, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: T8-12 was the main compensatory segment of the thoracic spine in patients with high PI, while it was T10-12 in patients with low PI. In addition, the compensation potential of the lower thoracic spine and pelvis in patients with low PI was inferior to those with high PI.

Why does knee flexion in the standing position occur? Spinal deformity or knee osteoarthritis.

Background: The interaction between knee osteoarthritis and spinal deformity and knee flexion (KF) remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the relationship between KF in the standing position and the severity of spinal deformity and knee osteoarthritis. Methods: We analyzed older volunteers aged over 60 years who participated in the musculoskeletal screening program. The participant's characteristics and standing radiographic parameters were assessed. After a preliminary analysis, a propensity score-matched model was established with adjustments for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Cases were divided into KF (knee angle [KA] ≥10°) and non-KF (KA <10°) groups. Results: In a preliminary analysis of 252 cases (42 KF and 210 non-KF), there were significant differences in age and BMI between the KF and non-KF groups (all p < 0.05). Using a one-to-one propensity score-matched analysis, 38 pairs of cases were selected. There were significantly higher values of C7 sagittal vertical axis, T1 pelvic angle, pelvic tilt, pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis, KA, ankle angle, and pelvic shift in the KF group than in the non-KF group (all p < 0.05). In the KF group, 71.1% of the cases had severe spinal deformity (defined as marked deformity by the SRS-Schwab classification), and 31.6% had severe knee osteoarthritis (defined as a Kellgren Lawrence grade ≥3). Of the 31.6%, 7.9% were attributable to knee osteoarthritis alone, and 23.7% to both knee osteoarthritis and spinal deformity. Conclusions: This study clarified that compensatory changes due to spinopelvic malalignment, not due to knee osteoarthritis alone, mainly affected KF in the standing position.

Spared speech fluency is associated with increased functional connectivity in the speech production network in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia.

Semantic variant primary progressive aphasia is a clinical syndrome characterized by marked semantic deficits, anterior temporal lobe atrophy and reduced connectivity within a distributed set of regions belonging to the functional network associated with semantic processing. However, to fully depict the clinical signature of semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, it is necessary to also characterize preserved neural networks and linguistic abilities, such as those subserving speech production. In this case-control observational study, we employed whole-brain seed-based connectivity on task-free MRI data of 32 semantic variant primary progressive aphasia patients and 46 healthy controls to investigate the functional connectivity of the speech production network and its relationship with the underlying grey matter. We investigated brain-behaviour correlations with speech fluency measures collected through clinical tests (verbal agility) and connected speech (speech rate and articulation rate). As a control network, we also investigated functional connectivity within the affected semantic network. Patients presented with increased connectivity in the speech production network between left inferior frontal and supramarginal regions, independent of underlying grey matter volume. In semantic variant primary progressive aphasia patients, preserved (verbal agility) and increased (articulation rate) speech fluency measures correlated with increased connectivity between inferior frontal and supramarginal regions. As expected, patients demonstrated decreased functional connectivity in the semantic network (dependent on the underlying grey matter atrophy) associated with average nouns' age of acquisition during connected speech. Collectively, these results provide a compelling model for studying compensation mechanisms in response to disease that might inform the design of future rehabilitation strategies in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia.

Basic helix-loop-helix pioneer factors interact with the histone octamer to invade nucleosomes and generate nucleosome-depleted regions.

Nucleosomes drastically limit transcription factor (TF) occupancy, while pioneer transcription factors (PFs) somehow circumvent this nucleosome barrier. In this study, we compare nucleosome binding of two conserved S. cerevisiae basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) TFs, Cbf1 and Pho4. A cryo-EM structure of Cbf1 in complex with the nucleosome reveals that the Cbf1 HLH region can electrostatically interact with exposed histone residues within a partially unwrapped nucleosome. Single-molecule fluorescence studies show that the Cbf1 HLH region facilitates efficient nucleosome invasion by slowing its dissociation rate relative to DNA through interactions with histones, whereas the Pho4 HLH region does not. In vivo studies show that this enhanced binding provided by the Cbf1 HLH region enables nucleosome invasion and ensuing repositioning. These structural, single-molecule, and in vivo studies reveal the mechanistic basis of dissociation rate compensation by PFs and how this translates to facilitating chromatin opening inside cells.

A weakly supervised learning-based segmentation network for dental diseases.

With the development of deep learning, medical image segmentation has become a promising technique for computer-aided medical diagnosis. However, the supervised training of the algorithm relies on a large amount of labeled data, and the private dataset bias generally exists in previous research, which seriously affects the algorithm's performance. In order to alleviate this problem and improve the robustness and generalization of the model, this paper proposes an end-to-end weakly supervised semantic segmentation network to learn and infer mappings. Firstly, an attention compensation mechanism (ACM) aggregating the class activation map (CAM) is designed to learn complementarily. Then the conditional random field (CRF) is introduced to prune the foreground and background regions. Finally, the obtained high-confidence regions are used as pseudo labels for the segmentation branch to train and optimize using a joint loss function. Our model achieves a Mean Intersection over Union (MIoU) score of 62.84% in the segmentation task, which is an effective improvement of 11.18% compared to the previous network for segmenting dental diseases. Moreover, we further verify that our model has higher robustness to dataset bias by improved localization mechanism (CAM). The research shows that our proposed approach improves the accuracy and robustness of dental disease identification.

A compensation mechanism for air pollutants generated by tourism-related land-based transportation: An exergy-based case study from Macao.

This paper discusses the compensation standard for exhaust pollution and devises a compensation mechanism for Macao's tourism-related transport sector based on an integration of chemical exergy and universal exergy, using data on gasoline consumption by automobile sector retrieved from the transportation industry. The results reveal that: (1) the exergy values of air pollutant emissions increased from 1.53 × 1012 kJ in 2010 to 2.03 × 1012 kJ in 2019 (an increase of 1.33 times), and the exergy of CO, NOx, and SO2 emissions accounted for 77.5%, 20.4% and 2.1% of total exhaust emissions in Macao respectively. (2) In 2019, the monetary value of emission exergy, and the environmental costs of air pollution, were 1.7 times greater than in 2010. (3) If Light Rail Transit is compensated for, then the mean interval's values of the upper and lower limits of the compensation standard are 0.55 USD and 0.05 USD, respectively. When gasoline tax is used as a means of compensation it is necessary to raise its rate by about 8% based on the tax rate. A three-stage bargaining game model is used to provide evidence that this compensation standard is practical and acceptable.

Changes in T1 slope and cervical sagittal vertical axis correlate to improved neurological function recovery after cervical laminoplasty.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of changes in T1 slope (T1S) and cervical sagittal vertical axis (CSVA) on cervical laminoplasty outcomes. Methods: Eighty-one patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) treated with cervical laminoplasty were enrolled in this study. Demographic parameters included age and follow-up time. Imaging data included occiput-C2 lordosis (OC2), C2-C7 Cobb angle (CL), T1S, CSVA. Outcome assessment indicators included the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, JOA recovery rate, and neck disability index (NDI). All patients were grouped based on preoperative T1S and variation in CL after surgery, respectively. Patients with decreased CL postoperatively were further grouped according to whether they were combined with T1S reduction. Results: There were no significant differences in the final JOA score, JOA recovery rate, or NDI between patients with different T1S. Patients with loss of CL postoperatively had lower JOA score and JOA recovery rate, but higher NDI than patients with sustained CL. Furthermore, patients with CL loss but compensate for it with reduction in T1S had lower CSVA, higher JOA score and JOA recovery rate than those with CL loss alone. Conclusions: Decreased T1S postoperatively prevents the tendency of the cervical spine to tilt forward by regulating CSVA and facilitates recovery of neurological function after cervical laminoplasty.

Morphological and physiological changes in Artemisia selengensis under drought and after rehydration recovery.

Changes in global climate and precipitation patterns have exacerbated the existing uneven distribution of water, causing many plants to face the alternate situation of drought and water flooding. We studied the growth and physiological response of the wetland plant Artemisia selengensis to drought and rehydration. In this study, Artemisia selengensis seedlings were subjected to 32.89% (SD), 47.36 % (MD), 60.97% (MID), and 87.18 % (CK) field water holding capacity for 70 days, followed by 14 days of rehydration. The results showed that drought inhibited the increase of plant height, basal diameter, and biomass accumulation under SD and MD, but the root shoot ratio (R/S) increased. Drought stress also decreased the content of total chlorophyll (Chl), chlorophyll a (Chl-a), chlorophyll b (Chl-b), and carotenoid (Car). Soluble sugar (SS) and proline (Pro) were accumulated rapidly under drought, and the relative water content (RWC) of leaves was kept at a high level of 80%. After rehydration, the plant height, basal diameter, biomass, and R/S ratio could not be recovered under SD and MD, but these indicators were completely recovered under MID. The RWC, Chl, Chl-a, Chl-b, Car, and osmotic substances were partially or completely recovered. In conclusion, Artemisia selengensis not only can improve drought resistance by increasing the R/S ratio and osmotic substances but also adopt the compensatory mechanism during rehydration. It is predictable that A. selengensis may benefit from possible future aridification of wetlands and expand population distribution.

Color Compensatory Mechanism of Chromatic Adaptation at the Cortical Level.

Reportedly, some chromatic adaptations have extremely short temporal properties, while others have rather long ones. We aimed to dynamically measure the transition of a neutral point as an aftereffect during chromatic adaptation to understand the temporal characteristics of chromatic adaptation. The peripheral retina was exposed to a yellow light to progress color adaptation, while the transition of a neutral point was measured at the fovea. In Experiment 1, the aftereffect had initially progressed but subsequently recovered despite ongoing chromatic adaptation and regardless of the retinal exposure size, suggesting that the adaptation mechanism at the cortical level continues to readjust the color appearance based on daylight conditions. Experiment 2 was similar to Experiment 1, except that it included participants of varying ages. Older eyes behaved in a homologous manner with younger eyes in Experiment 2, albeit quantitative differences. Regardless of age, similar recalibration of neutral points shifted by color adaptation suggests the color compensation function in older eyes may not change due to long-term chromatic adaptation by optical yellowing. In conclusion, the chromatic adaptation mechanism at the cortical level readjusts color perception, even in younger eyes, according to the daylight neutral point. This daylight information may be stored in the neural mechanism of color vision.

The Interaction Between Morphological Awareness and Word Detection Skills in Predicting Speeded Passage Reading in Primary and Secondary School Chinese Readers.

Previous studies suggest that morphological awareness (MA) and word detection skills have facilitating roles in reading fluency; however, it is unknown whether they can interplay with each other in such roles. The present study explored the relationships of MA, word detection, and passage reading fluency across ages. In total, 180 Chinese primary and secondary school students, aged from 8.52 to 15.67 years, completed tasks for these aforementioned capacities. After controlling gender, non-verbal intelligence, and reading ability at the word level, the results showed that the participants with higher scores for MA or word detection performed better in passage reading fluency. However, the predictive effect of word detection on reading fluency became weaker as the children became older. The interaction between MA and word detection was positive in younger children, whereas this interaction tended to be negative for older children. The results demonstrated a dynamic interplay between MA and word detection in contributing to passage reading fluency in Chinese children. While it has a positive interaction with word detection on reading fluency in younger children, MA may become a compensator in older children (e.g., over 14 years old) whose word detection skills are less effective in facilitating fluent reading.

Study on the spatial changes concerning ecosystem services value in Lhasa River Basin, China.

In this study, the outcome serves to establish a measurement model to calculate the value of ecosystem services in Lhasa River Basin, China. Following on the principle of resource scarcity, a study paradigm is established according to the influence of natural and socio-economic location differences on the value of ecosystem services. Results show that the total value of ecosystem services in Lhasa River Basin is 104.503 billion yuan. The unit ecosystem service value of natural grassland in the lower reaches is 5.6 times and 1.07 times larger than that in the upper and middle reaches, respectively. The value of ecosystem services is clearly affected by the scarcity of ecosystem services and dependence of economic and social development on the ecosystem. The value of ecosystem services in the upper, middle, and lower reaches were 4.17%, 21.48%, and 74.35%, respectively. It is found that the value of ecosystem services in this particular region differs significantly in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the basin. The scarcity of ecological resources has increased the value of ecosystem services, which is reflected in the highest value of ecosystem services in the middle of Lhasa River Valley and both sides of the river where population, economy, and ecological demand are relatively concentrated. According to the estimated results, this study proposes a variety of methods to improve the ecosystem service value and analysis of the ecological compensation mechanism, derived from the contribution made by ecological services.

How does the ecological compensation mechanism adjust the industrial structure? Evidence from China.

The ecological compensation (EC) mechanism is an innovative institutional arrangement which can effectively realize the coordinated development of social-economic growth and ecological protection. The current research on the evaluation of the implementation effect of EC mechanism mainly focuses on its environmental performance, how the EC mechanism guides the economically underdeveloped areas in the upper reaches of the basin to embark on the road of high-quality economic development, especially the mechanism of how EC triggers the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, it is a topic worthy of in-depth discussion. This study takes China's first cross-provincial horizontal EC mechanism pilot (Xin'an River Basin EC) as the research object and regards it as a quasi-natural experiment. This paper selects the annual panel data of the 11 cities involved from 2009 to 2019 and builds a DID model to study the mechanism of EC affecting industrial structure adjustment systematically. The results show that the EC mechanism mainly promotes the adjustment of the industrial structure in the pilot area through two paths, this is achieved by triggering the transfer of backward or highly polluting industries and promoting the upgrading of the industrial structure. At the same time, technological innovation plays a part intermediary role in the impact of EC to promote the upgrading of industrial structure. Further analysis found that the larger the funds of compensation input, the higher the assessment intensity, the better the effects are. Finally, this study puts forward relevant policy recommendations to further release the potential of the horizontal EC for the reference of decision-makers.

Enhanced PDR-BLE Compensation Mechanism Based on HMM and AWCLA for Improving Indoor Localization.

This paper presents an enhanced PDR-BLE compensation mechanism for improving indoor localization, which is considerably resilient against variant uncertainties. The proposed method of ePDR-BLE compensation mechanism (EPBCM) takes advantage of the non-requirement of linearization of the system around its current state in an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and Kalman filter (KF) in smoothing of received signal strength indicator (RSSI) values. In this paper, a fusion of conflicting information and the activity detection approach of an object in an indoor environment contemplates varying magnitude of accelerometer values based on the hidden Markov model (HMM). On the estimated orientation, the proposed approach remunerates the inadvertent body acceleration and magnetic distortion sensor data. Moreover, EPBCM can precisely calculate the velocity and position by reducing the position drift, which gives rise to a fault in zero-velocity and heading error. The developed EPBCM localization algorithm using Bluetooth low energy beacons (BLE) was applied and analyzed in an indoor environment. The experiments conducted in an indoor scenario shows the results of various activities performed by the object and achieves better orientation estimation, zero velocity measurements, and high position accuracy than other methods in the literature.

Does ecological compensation have a spillover effect on industrial structure upgrading? Evidence from China based on a multi-stage dynamic DID approach.

China's rapid economic development has led to increasingly serious environmental problems, such as the deterioration of its ecology in important river basins. Adjusting the industrial structure through the mechanism of ecological compensation (EC) is a key measure for solving this economic and environmental dilemma. Early research on the impact of ecological compensation mechanisms has mainly focused on evaluating their performance in terms of the ecological environment, with little empirical evidence. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the economic effects of ecological compensation mechanisms in order to achieve sustainable economic and environmental development. Based on panel data from the Xin'an River Basin in China from 2009 to 2018, a multistage dynamic difference-in-differences (DID) model was constructed to systematically study the impact of the ecological compensation mechanism on the upgrading of the industrial structure. The research results show that due to the implementation of the policy, the industrial structure in pilot ecological compensation areas tends to be rational and advanced. The ecological compensation policy has dynamic effects on the upgrading of the industrial structure during the different stages of its implementation. This study is conducive to further enriching the relevant theories and practices underlying the study of ecological compensation mechanisms. At the same time, this paper provides operational suggestions for ecological protection, the adjustment of the industrial structure, and the formulation of relevant macroeconomic policies.