Pharmaceutical compounding and storage of faricimab in a syringe for intravitreal injection do not impair stability and bi-specific binding properties.

BACKGROUND: Intravitreal injection (IVI) of antibody biologics is a key treatment approach in ophthalmology. Pharmaceutical compounding and storage of prefilled syringes for IVI must take place without impairing the structure and function of the biologics. This study investigated the effect of withdrawing and storing the therapeutic antibody faricimab (Vabysmo, Roche, Basel, Switzerland) in the Zero Residual silicone oil-free, 0.2-mL syringe (SJJ Solutions, The Hague, the Netherlands). METHODS: To assess the effect of syringe withdrawal on faricimab, we compared samples from syringes prepared at day 0 with samples taken directly from faricimab vials. To assess the effect of syringe storage on faricimab, we kept prefilled syringes in the dark at 4 oC for 7, 14, or 37 days and compared samples from these syringes with day 0. We measured protein concentration (with spectrophotometry), stability and integrity (with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), and melting temperature (Tm)), as well as binding of faricimab to its cognate antigens: vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) (with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)). RESULTS: Faricimab migrated in line with its expected molecular mass under both reducing and non-reducing conditions for all time points when analyzed with SDS-PAGE, without any sign of degradation products or aggregation. The SEC elution profiles were identical for all time points. There were slight variations in Tm for different time points compared to day 0 but without consistent relationship with storage time. ELISA did not detect differences in VEGF-A or Ang-2 binding between time points, and faricimab did not bind the neonatal Fc receptor. CONCLUSIONS: Withdrawal and storage of faricimab in syringes for up to day 37 did not impair the structure and bi-specific binding properties of the therapeutic antibody.

Compatibility Assessment of Novel Orodispersible Film Vehicle for Personalized Medicine with Selected Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients.

Orodispersible films (ODFs) are solid pharmaceutical forms for rapid local or systemic release of active ingredients. They are formed by a water-soluble polymer film that hydrates rapidly, adhering and dissolving immediately when placed on the tongue or in the oral cavity. In this paper, we describe the compatibility and disintegration times of compounded ODFs using OrPhylloTM, a new ready-to-use-vehicle, and APIs from different pharmacological classes, such as 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) 50 mg, bromopride 5 mg, coenzyme Q10 20 mg, melatonin 3 mg, resveratrol 5 mg, tadalafil 10 mg, vitamin B12 1 mg, or vitamin D3 2000 UI. ODFs were compounded and, subsequently, the samples were assayed using HPLC at initial (t = 0), 7 days (t = 7), 14 days (t = 14), 30 days (t = 30), 60 days (t = 60), 90 days (t = 90), 120 days (t = 120), 150 days (t = 150), and 180 days (t = 180) after compounding. Given the percentage of recovery of the APIs within the films, the beyond-use date of the final products (API + vehicle) was at least 90 days for vitamin D3, 150 days for bromopride and 5-HTP, and 180 days for coenzyme Q10, tadalafil, vitamin B12, resveratrol, and melatonin, when stored at room temperature. The average disintegration time was 46.22 s. This suggests that the OrPhylloTM vehicle is suitable for compounding ODFs with APIs from different pharmacological classes, with good compatibility and fast disintegration.

The availability of gonadotropin therapy from FDA-approved pharmacies for men with hypogonadism and infertility.

Background: Recent changes to the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009 have created barriers to accessing therapy for men utilizing gonadotropins for hypogonadism and infertility. Aim: In this study we sought to investigate ways to decrease disparities in the treatment of male hypogonadism by increasing access to gonadotropin therapy by identifying 503b outsourcing pharmacies which currently provide gonadotropin therapy. Methods: A review of 503b compounding pharmacies was performed using the online published registry available from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Each pharmacy was contacted regarding their ability to provide gonadotropin therapy. Pharmacies were also queried regarding the impact of FDA-related legal changes and cost considerations. Outcomes: The study outcomes were the number and location of FDA-approved 503b compounding pharmacies supplying human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and/or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) for the treatment of male hypogonadism and infertility. Results: The 81 503b-compounding pharmacies approved by the FDA to produce hCG and FSH therapy were identified using the FDA registry. Seventy-five of the 81 pharmacies responded to the survey (response rate 92.6%). Of the contacted pharmacies, 5 provided hCG (6.67%). Of the pharmacies offering compounded hCG, 4 offered FSH. No additional pharmacies offered compounded FSH. Eight pharmacies had previously provided hCG and FSH. Six of the 8 pharmacies that stopped making hCG and FSH cited the 2020 FDA mandate as the reason for halting compounding services. Of the 75 pharmacies that responded, only 1 pharmacy provided the cost for FSH ($287 per 100-IU vial), and 3 pharmacies provided the cost for hCG ($50-$83 per 10 000-IU vial). Clinical Implications: There are few FDA-approved outsourcing pharmacies currently providing male gonadotropin therapy, and increasing awareness of these pharmacies may decrease barriers to care for patients with male hypogonadism and infertility. Strengths and Limitations: The strengths of this article are the clinical utility of the data presented, as this article may serve as a tool for clinicians to increase patient access to therapy. All FDA-approved 503b outsourcing pharmacies were contacted, and 92.6% participated in this project. Limitations of this article were the following: no non-FDA-approved compounding pharmacies such as 503a pharmacies were contacted, participant-reported outcomes were utilized, and only 3 contacted outsourcing pharmacies provided a cost for FSH or hCG, allowing for an unknown degree of cost variability between outsourcing pharmacies. Conclusions: There currently exists limited access to FDA-approved compounded gonadotropin therapies for hypogonadism and male infertility, and these results demonstrate the barriers to hCG and FSH access and the need for additional treatment options for this vulnerable patient population.

Incidence and outcomes of endophthalmitis with in-house compounded intravitreal bevacizumab injections: A multicentric study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence rate and outcomes of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of in-house compounded bevacizumab. METHODS: In this multicentric study performed from 2014 to 2018, patients who were injected with in-house compounded and sterilized bevacizumab were observed for endophthalmitis. In-house compounded syringes were prepared in compounding pharmacy using sterile standard operating guidelines. All cases of acute endophthalmitis following intravitreal injection were recorded and followed up for final anatomical and visual outcome after management. RESULTS: A total of 50,361 bevacizumab injections were administered. Incidence of post-injection endophthalmitis was 0.0377%. Incidence of culture-positive endophthalmitis was 0.0178%, with 55.5% culture positivity for Staphylococcus species. A significant improvement in the final visual outcome was noted (p<0.05), and overall five patients (26.3%) achieved visual acuity of 6/18 or more. CONCLUSIONS: In-house compounded injections of bevacizumab can reduce post-injection endophthalmitis to a minimum, with maintenance of proper asepsis and strict protocols by the compounding pharmacy.

Changes in workflow to a University Pharmacy to facilitate compounding and distribution of antiseptics for use against COVID-19.

This article is a report from an experience about a work developed by Farmácia Universitária at UFRJ (FU-UFRJ) during the nCov-19 pandemic period. The aim of this work was to describe its contribution in the production of antiseptic supplies used to prevent contagion by the new coronavirus. The work routine at the pharmacy has been changed to allow the implementation of local workflow during the pandemic, and to adapt the protection rules to meet the safety measures. FU-UFRJ started to manipulate two antiseptic formulations: 70% ethyl alcohol and gel alcohol, which are included in the National Form, manufacturing around 100 L of these formulations, weekly, to donate to different health units. The experience enabled the adaptation to emergency health standards, planning and meaningful guidance to pharmacists and technicians to attend clinics at university hospitals, vaccination center and UFRJ city hall, in order to facilitate the access to adequate hand hygiene to the population.

3D printing of PVA capsular devices for modified drug delivery: design and in vitro dissolution studies.

The fabrication through FDM 3D printing of hollow systems intended for oral drug delivery constitutes an attractive technology to change personalized medications in the compounding pharmacy. In this sense, this work studied the design and 3D printing of one compartment capsular devices filled of drugs that could require a delayed release mechanism. The optimization of printing parameters such as material flow rate and printing speed by means of simple gcode modifications, resulted critical to allow the production of PVA capsular devices in a single manufacturing process. In addition, the disintegration and dissolution studies of the obtained capsular device confirmed the existence of a delayed drug release compared to commercial hard-gelatin capsules. Furthermore, the use of sinkers in the dissolution tests resulted in similar dissolution profiles regardless the rotation speed. Finally, Gompertz and Weibull equations were the kinetic models that best fitted the experimental data corresponding to immediate release with lag time type profiles. Overall, this work provides insights to understand the effect of the printing parameters on the production of PVA capsular devices and suggests a simple design and single manufacturing process that can be adopted in the future compounding pharmacy.

Sterility Testing for Cellular Therapies: What Is the Role of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory?

Sterility testing of cellular therapy products along with the associated environmental monitoring requirements for aseptic facilities, including compounding pharmacies, continues to impact clinical microbiology laboratories, as evidenced by the numerous discussions recurring on American Society for Microbiology Division C and ClinMicroNet listservs. This minireview provides an overview of this complex field of current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) based on biopharmaceutical industry standards and summarizes the compendial and alternative rapid microbial test methods available for product sterility and Mycoplasma testing. In addition, this minireview highlights major overarching regulatory requirements governing any laboratory performing product testing as regulated by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These requirements are different from the more familiar clinical requirements of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act of 1988 (CLIA '88), the College of American Pathologists (CAP), and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), all of which have no jurisdiction in this area. As the cellular therapy field continues to advance and an increasing number of medical centers participate in clinical trials of these novel therapies, it is critical that laboratories have a sound understanding of the major regulations and cGMP practices governing microbiological testing in the biopharmaceutical industry.

Pediatric Compounding Pharmacy: Taking on the Responsibility of Providing Quality Customized Prescriptions.

Compounding pharmacy has an important role to play in the field of pediatric medicine. These specialized pharmacies can offer solutions to the unique patient needs that arise in the pediatric population. Medication can be tailored to the child to allow better compliance in cases when the commercial product is unable to meet the needs of the patient. For example, a suspension, suppository, or lozenge formulation is sometimes needed when the manufactured products are only offered as solid oral dosage forms. Sensory processing disorder (SPD), patients with food allergies, and specific dietary needs can also be a big challenge for caregivers and practitioners who need alternatives to the commercially available forms. Three example cases are presented to help describe the process of collaboration between the pharmacist, patient, and doctor to solve the patient's needs.

Compounding and Extralabel Use of Drugs in Exotic Animal Medicine.

Extralabel drug use is the use of a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug in a manner different from what is stipulated on the approved label. Compounding is the process of preparing a medication in a manner not indicated on the label to create a formulation specifically tailored to the needs of an individual patient. Extralabel drug use and compounding are vital aspects of safe and effective drug delivery to patients in exotic animal practice. There are few FDA-approved drugs for exotic animal species, and many approved drugs for other species are not available in suitable formulations for use in exotic animals.

The Magistral Phage.

Since time immemorial, phages-the viral parasites of bacteria-have been protecting Earth's biosphere against bacterial overgrowth. Today, phages could help address the antibiotic resistance crisis that affects all of society. The greatest hurdle to the introduction of phage therapy in Western medicine is the lack of an appropriate legal and regulatory framework. Belgium is now implementing a pragmatic phage therapy framework that centers on the magistral preparation (compounding pharmacy in the US) of tailor-made phage medicines.

Feasibility of amlodipine besylate, chloroquine phosphate, dapsone, phenytoin, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sulfadiazine, sulfasalazine, tetracycline hydrochloride, trimethoprim and zonisamide in SyrSpend(®) SF PH4 oral suspensions.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of 10 commonly used active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) compounded in oral suspensions using an internationally used suspending vehicle (SyrSpend(®) SF PH4 liquid): (i) amlodipine, (as besylate) 1.0mg/mL; (ii) chloroquine phosphate,15.0 mg/mL; (iii) dapsone, 2.0 mg/mL; (iv) phenytoin, 15.0 mg/mL; (v) pyridoxine hydrochloride, 50.0 mg/mL; (vi) sulfadiazine, 100.0 mg/mL; (vii) sulfasalazine, 100.0 mg/mL; (viii) tetracycline hydrochloride, 25.0 mg/mL; (ix) trimethoprim, 10.0 mg/mL; and (x) zonisamide, 10.0 mg/mL. All suspensions were stored both at controlled refrigeration (2-8 °C) and controlled room temperature (20-25 °C). Feasibility was assessed by measuring the percent recovery at varying time points throughout a 90-day period. API quantification was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV), via a stability-indicating method. Given the percentage of recovery of the APIs within the suspensions, the expiration date of the final products (API+vehicle) was at least 90 days for all suspensions with regard to both the controlled temperatures. This suggests that the vehicle is stable for compounding APIs from different pharmacological classes.

Recovery of drug residues in equipment and utensils used by compounding pharmacies after standard cleaning procedure / Recuperação de resíduos de drogas em equipamentos e utensílios utilizados por farmácias de manipulação após o procedimento de limpeza padrão

Compounding pharmacies have been cited by some athletes as being responsible for compounding capsules contaminated with drugs banned by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Therefore, the present study was carried out to quantify the amount of residue remaining in the equipment and utensils used for compounding capsules after standard cleaning procedures. For this purpose, captopril (CAP) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) were used since these are hard to clean, in addition to hydrochlorothiazide (HTZ) as a banned drug by the IOC. The amounts of residues found in the equipment were: 181.0 ± 91.8, 1208 ± 483.8 and 431.7 ± 71.3 ppm for ASA, CAP and HTZ, respectively. The continuous compounding of these drugs, followed each time by the standard cleaning procedure, showed a linear accumulation of residues for ASA (r²=0.96) and CAP (r²= 0.88). The residues quantified were greater than the FDA limit for impurities for CAP (>0.1%) but not for HTZ. However, the HTZ residue may be detected in the urine of athletes on IOC tests. Therefore, it was concluded that compounding pharmacies should therefore improve their cleaning procedures and test these in order to attain limits below 10 ppm, thereby avoiding the contamination of other products...

As farmácias de manipulação têm sido citadas por alguns atletas como sendo responsáveis pela manipulação de cápsulas contaminadas com fármacos proibidos pelo Comitê Olímpico Internacional (COI). Portanto, o presente estudo foi realizado para quantificar o montante de resíduo remanescente nos equipamentos e utensílios usados para manipular cápsulas após o procedimento padrão de limpeza. Para este propósito, o captopril (CAP) e o ácido acetilsalicílico (ASA) foram usados por serem fármacos de difícil remoção e a hidroclorotiazida (HTZ), por ser um fármaco proibido pelo COI. As quantidades de resíduos encontradas nos equipamentos após a limpeza foram 181,0 ± 91,8, 1208 ± 483,8 e 431,7 ± 71,3 ppm para ASA, CAP e HTZ, respectivamente. A manipulação contínua dos fármacos seguida pelo procedimento de limpeza mostrou acúmulo de resíduo linear para ASA (r²=0,96) e CAP (r²=0,88). A quantidade de resíduo de CAP foi maior que o limite de impureza sugerido pelo FDA (>0,1%), mas não para HTZ, mas mesmo assim, o resíduo de HTZ pode ser detectado na urina dos atletas submetidos aos testes do COI. Em conclusão, as farmácias de manipulação deveriam, portanto, melhorar o procedimentos de limpeza e testá-los para que alcancem limites abaixo de 10 ppm para evitar contaminação nos outros produtos...

Avaliação dos processos de mistura de pós em farmácias magistrais utilizando planejamento fatorial: caso clonidina / Assessment of powder mixing processes in pharmacies by factorial planning: clonidine case study

O cloridrato de clonidina é um α2-adrenérgico que reduz a pressão sanguínea e retarda a estimulação cardíaca simpaticomimética. Esse fármaco é uma substância de baixo índice terapêutico que possui alta potência, sendo utilizado em baixas concentrações. Pode ser preparado em farmácias magistrais, seguindo-se rigorosos critérios de Boas Práticas de Manipulação estipulados pela Anvisa. Esse controle surgiu em razão de diversos acidentes possivelmente associados ao uso de cloridrato de clonidina manipulado. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o processo de mistura de pós na manipulação magistral da clonidina, buscando segurança e reprodutibilidade no referido processo. Para tanto, foram produzidas 60 cápsulas de cada lote, seguindo o planejamento fatorial 2³, em que foram estabelecidas as seguintes variáveis de entrada: processo de mistura (diluição geométrica e misturador Mixer Plus®), tamanho do invólucro gelatinoso (n°03 e 02) e concentração do fármaco (0,1 e 0,2 mg). A variável resposta para o planejamento foi o teor do fármaco nas cápsulas. Além disso, foram verificados outros parâmetros de qualidade, como o peso médio e uniformidade de conteúdo. As cápsulas obtidas encontraram-se dentro dos limites especificados pelos compêndios oficiais. Por isso, os resultados sinalizam que apesar do processo de obtenção das cápsulas ser crítico é possível obter produtos com qualidade e segurança comprovada...

Clonidine hydrochloride is an α2-adrenergic agonist that reduces the blood pressure and delays cardiac sympathomimetic stimulation. This drug has a low therapeutic index, high potency and is commonly used at low concentrations. It can be prepared at compounding pharmacies, as long as the rigorous criteria of Good Handling Practices stipulated by Anvisa are followed. This control had its origins in several accidents possibly associated with the use of compounded clonidine hydrochloride. In this context, the present study was designed to assess the powder-mixing process during the compounding of clonidine, so as to optimize its safety and repeatability. To this end, 60 capsules were produced in each batch, following 23 factorial planning, using the following input variables: mixing process (geometric dilution or Mixer Plus®), size of gelatin shell(number 03 or 02) and drug concentration (0.1 and 0.2mg). The response variable for the planning was the amount of drug inside the capsules. In addition, other quality parameters were determined, such as the average weight and content uniformity. The capsules produced were within the limits specified by official compendia. Therefore, the results indicate that, although the process of compounding capsules is critical, it is possible to have products with assured quality and safety...

Análise e estudo viscosimétrico de diferentes géis de cetoprofeno 2.5% / Analysis and viscosimetric study of various 2.5% ketoprofen gels

O cetoprofeno é um fármaco pertencente à classe dos anti-inflamatórios não-esteroidais, inibe a síntese de prostaglandinas promovendo um potente efeito analgésico e anti-inflamatório. Para uso tópico, está disponível como medicamento de referência e diversos genéricos sob a forma gel 2,5%, além das preparações manipuladas em farmácias magistrais, adquiridas mediante receita médica. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade do cetoprofeno gel 2,5% manipulado em duas farmácias do Recife (PE) e, posteriormente, compará-lo ao medicamento de referência e a um genérico correspondente. Os resultados das análises mostraram que medicamentos referência e o genérico apresentaram, de forma geral, características semelhantes. As formulações magistrais também mostraram características próximas entre si, mas diferentes dos industrializados, indicando a necessidade de reformulação destas preparações magistrais avaliadas, como obediência à legislação vigente RDC 67/2007 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária.

Ketoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and promotes a strong analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. For topical use, it is available as a reference drug as well as several generic preparations in gel at 2.5%, apart from preparations compounded in pharmacies and sold under medical prescription. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of 2.5% ketoprofen gels compounded in two pharmacies in Recife and then compare them with a reference drug and a corresponding generic drug. The results of the analysis show that the generic and reference drugs display, in general, similar characteristics. The compounded formulations also had similar characteristics, when compared to each other, but were different from the manufactured gels. These results indicate that these compounded preparations must be reformulated to comply with RDC 67/2007, the current regulation issued by the National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA).

Controle microbiológico de drogas vegetais comercializadas na região central do Rio Grande do Sul / Microbiological control of medicinal drugs commercialized in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a qualidade microbiológica de 40 amostras de matérias-primas de fitoterápicos coletadas de farmácias de manipulação da região central Rio Grande do Sul. Foram realizados os testes de contagem de microrganismos viáveis e pesquisa e identificação de patógenos, ambos de acordo com a Farmacopéia Brasileira. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que há presença de microrganismos nas amostras, entretanto, em nenhuma delas, o valor de UFC g-1 ultrapassou o limite estabelecido para fitoterápicos na Farmacopéia Britânica, tanto para bactérias como para fungos. No teste de pesquisa e identificação de patógenos comprovou-se que não havia a presença de Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp, Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli, nas amostras analisadas. As amostras estão aptas a serem comercializadas, pois todas estavam dentro dos limites especificados, e foram aprovadas pelo teste de controle de qualidade microbiológico.

The aim of this study was to analyze the microbiological quality of 40 samples of raw material for herbal medicines collected from compounding pharmacies in the center of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Count of viable microorganisms and search and identification of pathogens were performed, both according to the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. Results showed that there were microorganisms in the samples; however, in none of them, the value of CFU g-1 was above the limit established for herbal medicines by the British Pharmacopoeia, both for bacteria and fungi. The search and identification of pathogens indicated that there was no Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in the analyzed samples. The samples can be commercialized because all of them were within the allowed limits and were approved in the test for microbiological quality control.

Prescription of anorectic and benzodiazepine drugs through notification B prescriptions in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

A study was conducted on 22,158 special B prescriptions (notificações B) containing amphetamine-type anorectic drugs or benzodiazepines, obtained from compounding pharmacies or drugstores located in the city of Natal, RN, Brazil. The data obtained were compared with those from other Brazilian cities. Results showed that compounding pharmacies dispensed 85.4 percent of the prescriptions, indicating that these pharmacies filled out nearly 10 times more of these prescriptions than did the drugstores. The majority (83.5 percent) of B prescriptions issued for the compounding pharmacies were for women, where the female/male patient ratio ranged from 7.1/1.0 for mazindol to 10.3/1.0 for amfepramone. Similar results were obtained for the benzodiazepines with ratios of 1.9/1.0 for clonazepam to 15.6/1.0 for oxazepam. Omissions and mistakes were present in the B prescriptions, including missing information about the patient (in 49.6 percent of the documents) or about the pharmacies or drugstores (50.4 percent). There were cases where the name and/or CRM of the physician was lacking. It was noted that one medical doctor made out 1855 B prescriptions within one year. The same patient's name appeared on 138 prescriptions, and the same RG (identification card number) was present in 125 others. Comparison of Natal's data with those of several other Brazilian cities disclosed a striking similarity throughout Brazil, from Pelotas - Rio Grande do Sul State to Belem-Para State, revealing a practically identical medical/pharmaceutical behavior. This pattern of prescription/dispensation of amphetamine-type substances mostly to women for weight loss is therefore for cosmetic reasons. Consequently, there is an urgent need for an ethical review of this behavior.

Foram examinadas 22.158 notificações B contendo substâncias anoréticas tipo-anfetamina ou de benzodiazepínicos, obtidas de drogarias e de farmácias de manipulação. Os dados foram comparados com os de outras cidades do Brasil, obtendo-se uma visão nacional sobre o assunto. Os achados mostraram que as farmácias de manipulação, dispensaram 85,4 por cento das notificações, ou seja, as farmácias de manipulação atenderam cerca de 10 vezes mais do que as drogarias. A maioria (83,5 por cento) das notificações B nas farmácias de manipulação eram destinadas às mulheres sendo a relação entre pacientes femininos/masculinos de 7,1/1,0 no caso do mazindol e de 10,3/1,0 para a anfepramona. Dados semelhantes foram obtidos para os benzodiazepínicos: relação de 1,9/1,0 para o clonazepam até 15,6/1,0 para o oxazepam. Falhas e erros gritantes foram também observados no preenchimento das notificações B: ausência de dados de pacientes (em 49,6 por cento dos documentos), do fornecedor (50,4 por cento) etc. Houve casos de notificações sem o nome ou CRM do médico e um único médico prescreveu 1.855 notificações B; o nome de uma mesma compradora apareceu em 138 notificações e um mesmo RG em 125 outras. A comparação destes achados com os de outras cidades mostrou uma surpreendente semelhança, ao longo do país, desde Pelotas-RS até Belém-PA; evidenciando um padrão de comportamento médico/farmacêutico praticamente idêntico. Este padrão de prescrição para mulheres destina-se mais para uma finalidade cosmética (perda de peso) do que para uma real necessidade terapêutica. É necessária uma revisão ética sobre este problema, que também tem sido observado e igualmente criticado em vários países.

Avaliação do controle de qualidade realizado nas farmácias de manipulação de medicamentose as ações de vigilância sanitária no município de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul / Evaluation of quality control carried out in pharmacies in the medicamentose health surveillance activities in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul

A atividade de manipulação de medicamentos é um importante segmento do mercado farmacêutico brasileiro, com aproximadamente 7.847 farmácias magistrais registradas nos Conselhos Regionais de Farmácia do país. A grande demanda de produção e o risco de acidentes quando fora dos padrões de conformidade, preocupa as autoridades sanitárias, órgãos de classe e a população. A realização do controle de qualidade nas farmácias de manipulação é importante para assegurar as características físico-químicas e microbiológicas dos insumos utilizados e garantir eficácia e segurança dos produtos manipulados dispensados à população. É função da vigilância sanitária (VISA) a verificação das adequações dos estabelecimentos e serviços relacionados à saúde, através da aplicação da legislação sanitária, que determina para os produtos farmacêuticos o controle de qualidade e a implantação das Boas Práticas de Manipulação como ferramentas imprescindíveis. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o controle de qualidade de medicamentos realizado pelas farmácias de manipulação do setor privado no município de Campo Grande/MS, assim como a adequação das ações de vigilância sanitária. Tratou-se de avaliação normativa, onde o julgamento foi baseado em uma matriz com os indicadores, componentes, critérios e pontuações que resultaram no estabelecimento dos padrões de adequação do controle de qualidade realizado pelas farmácias de manipulação. Os dados foram obtidos dos roteiros de inspeção e relatórios de inspeção consolidados referentes ao período de maio de 2008 a Dezembro de 2009. Os resultados apontaram, em média, para um padrão de adequação aceitável em relação à dimensão estrutura e inadequado em relação à dimensão processo do controle de qualidade realizado pelas farmácias de manipulação estudadas. No que se refere às ações de vigilância sanitária, foi observado que as ações executadas foram semelhantes àquelas padronizadas em 73% dos estabelecimentos estudados.

Compounding medicine is an important segment of the Brazilian pharmaceutical market with approximately 7,847 compounding pharmacies registered in the Regional Boards of Pharmacy of the country. The great demand for production of this type of medicine and the risk of accidents when the production is out of compliance standards, worry health authorities, class agencies and population. The completion of quality control in compounding pharmacies is important to ensure the physical-chemical and microbiological inputs used and ensure effectiveness and safety of handled products dispensed to the population. It is the role of the Sanitary Surveillance (VISA) to verify the adequacy of the establishments and services and to control consumer goods and services which relate to health, by means of implementation of health legislation which requires that quality control and the deployment of Compounding Best Practices are essential tools to ensuring the quality of products and services. This study aimed to evaluate the quality control of medicine prepared by compounding pharmacies in the private sector in the municipality of Campo Grande-MS, as well as the adequacy of health surveillance activities. This was a normative evaluation, where judgment is based on a theoretical model of evaluation and on judgment matrix with indicators, components, criteria and scores which resulted in the establishment of standards of quality control adequacy standards achieved by compounding pharmacies. Data were obtained from scripts of sanitary inspection and inspection reports consolidated for the period from May 2008 to December 2009.The results pointed to an acceptable standard of adequacy, in average, for the structure of quality control and inadequate for the process of the quality control process in the establishments surveyed. With regard to health surveillance activities, it was observed that the activities performed were similar to those standards in 73% of the establishments studied.

Fluoxetina: indícios de uso inadequado / Fluoxetine: indication of inadequate use

OBJETIVO: Investigar o uso da fluoxetina na cidade de Santo André, SP, por meio de coleta e análise das receitas especiais (RE) prescritas por médicos e arquivadas nas farmácias e drogarias daquela cidade. MÉTODOS: Foram coletadas as receitas especiais retidas durante os meses de agosto do ano de 2005 a julho de 2006, em 13 farmácias de manipulação e em 27 drogarias em diferentes regiões de Santo André. Cada receita especial foi analisada em relação à presença de fluoxetina, em associação ou não a outros princípios ativos, e o sexo do(a) paciente foi anotado. RESULTADOS: Foram analisadas 39.782 RE - 16.124 coletadas das farmácias magistrais e 23.658 das drogarias. Desses totais, 10.919 prescrições continham fluoxetina - 9.259 provenientes das farmácias magistrais (84,8 por cento) e apenas 1.660 (15,2 por cento) das drogarias. As prescrições de fluoxetina eram predominantemente destinadas a mulheres (79,8 por cento). Na imensa maioria das RE, a fluoxetina foi prescrita em associação com um grande número de outras substâncias ativas, inclusive anfetaminas anoréticas, chegando a mais de dez outras em quase a metade das prescrições. Esse tipo de prescrição múltipla, principalmente para mulheres, é comparado com as prescrições de fórmulas magistrais para emagrecer, muito utilizadas no Brasil. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados obtidos sugerem que a utilização de fluoxetina teria um fim estético (perda de peso), e não um fim terapêutico (tratamento de depressão). Discute-se a relação risco-benefício desse possível uso, que poderia ser classificado de inadequado dado as conhecidas reações adversas da fluoxetina e a sua interferência no sistema citocromo P450.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the use of fluoxetine in Santo André city, SP, by collecting and analyzing special prescriptions (SP) issued by physicians and filed in compounding pharmacies and drugstores of that city. METHODS: Special prescriptions were collected during August 2005 to July 2006 in 13 compounding pharmacies and 27 drugstores, in different regions of Santo André. Each prescription has been examined for the presence of fluoxetine, in combination or not with other active ingredients, and sex (a) patient was noted. RESULTS: We examined 39,782 SP; 16,124 of them were collected from compounding pharmacies and 23,658 from drugstores. Of these totals, 10,919 prescriptions contained fluoxetine as follows: 9,259 from the compounding pharmacies (84.8 percent) and only 1,660 (15.2 percent) from drugstores. Fluoxetine was manly prescribed for women (79.8 percent). In the vast majority of SP, fluoxetine was prescribed in combination with a large number of other active substances reaching more than ten others in almost half of the prescriptions. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the large use of fluoxetine possibily aims to an aesthetic objective (to lose weight) and not as a therapeutic aim (treatment of depression). This work discusses the risk/benefit of this use which could be described as inappropriate, given the known adverse reactions of fluoxetine and its interference with the cytochrome P450 system.