Mandatory fortification with folic acid for the prevention of neural tube defects: a case study of Australia and New Zealand.

PURPOSE: To present a case study of the considerations of mandatory fortification with folic acid in Australia and New Zealand. METHODS: Review of published reports and consumer advocacy views. RESULTS: Australia and New Zealand jointly approved mandatory fortification of flour with folic acid to prevent neural tube defects in 2007. Fortification was fully implemented in Australia in 2009 and has resulted in reduction in NTD. At the last minute, industry lobbying led to the New Zealand government not proceeding with fortification. With continued consumer advocacy, mounting scientific evidence, and a change of government, approval was given in 2021 for mandatory fortification of flour with folic acid. CONCLUSION: In large part as a response to consumer pressure, New Zealand has now joined with Australia (and around 70 other countries) in fortifying flour with folic acid for the prevention of NTD.

Code poverty: An adaptation of the social-ecological model to inform a more strategic direction toward nursing advocacy.

The purpose of this discussion paper is to explore how nurses can be strategically poised to advocate for needed policy change in support of greater income equality and other social determinants of health. We adapted Bronfenbrenner's social-ecological model to highlight how four broad pervasive subsystems shape the opportunities that nurses have to engage in advocacy at the policy level. These subsystems include organizations (the microsystem), professional bodies (the mesosystem), public policies (the exosystem), and societal values (the macrosystem). On the basis of this adapted model, we recommend changes among modifiable elements of the microsystem and mesosystem that can help position nurses (ecologically and collectively) to advocate for public policy change and use examples from a Canadian context to illustrate these points. We believe that the ideas arising from this model can be widely used where policy action on the social determinants of health is needed to inform, guide, and frame change efforts and advocacy work.

ALGORITHMS, ADDICTION, AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH: An Interdisciplinary Study to Inform State-level Policy Action to Protect Youth from the Dangers of Social Media.

A recent Wall Street Journal investigation revealed that TikTok floods child and adolescent users with videos of rapid weight loss methods, including tips on how to consume less than 300 calories a day and promoting a "corpse bride diet," showing emaciated girls with protruding bones. The investigation involved the creation of a dozen automated accounts registered as 13-year-olds and revealed that TikTok algorithms fed adolescents tens of thousands of weight-loss videos within just a few weeks of joining the platform. Emerging research indicates that these practices extend well beyond TikTok to other social media platforms that engage millions of U.S. youth on a daily basis.Social media algorithms that push extreme content to vulnerable youth are linked to an increase in mental health problems for adolescents, including poor body image, eating disorders, and suicidality. Policy measures must be taken to curb this harmful practice. The Strategic Training Initiative for the Prevention of Eating Disorders (STRIPED), a research program based at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Boston Children's Hospital, has assembled a diverse team of scholars, including experts in public health, neuroscience, health economics, and law with specialization in First Amendment law, to study the harmful effects of social media algorithms, identify the economic incentives that drive social media companies to use them, and develop strategies that can be pursued to regulate social media platforms' use of algorithms. For our study, we have examined a critical mass of public health and neuroscience research demonstrating mental health harms to youth. We have conducted a groundbreaking economic study showing nearly $11 billion in advertising revenue is generated annually by social media platforms through advertisements targeted at users 0 to 17 years old, thus incentivizing platforms to continue their harmful practices. We have also examined legal strategies to address the regulation of social media platforms by conducting reviews of federal and state legal precedent and consulting with stakeholders in business regulation, technology, and federal and state government.While nationally the issue is being scrutinized by Congress and the Federal Trade Commission, quicker and more effective legal strategies that would survive constitutional scrutiny may be implemented by states, such as the Age Appropriate Design Code Act recently adopted in California, which sets standards that online services likely to be accessed by children must follow. Another avenue for regulation may be through states mandating that social media platforms submit to algorithm risk audits conducted by independent third parties and publicly disclose the results. Furthermore, Section 230 of the federal Communications Decency Act, which has long shielded social media platforms from liability for wrongful acts, may be circumvented if it is proven that social media companies share advertising revenues with content providers posting illegal or harmful content.Our research team's public health and economic findings combined with our legal analysis and resulting recommendations, provide innovative and viable policy actions that state lawmakers and attorneys general can take to protect youth from the harms of dangerous social media algorithms.

Reclamações fundamentadas de âmbito odontológico no PROCON do estado da Paraíba / Grounded dental complaints in PROCON of the state of Paraíba

Introdução: A relação entre pacientes e profissionais, vista como contratação de prestação serviços, em conjunto com o advento do Código de Defesa do Consumidor, traz como consequência o maior conhecimento sobre direitos por parte dos consumidores, os quais passaram, com mais frequência, a reclamar e a buscar ressarcimentos pelos possíveis danos causados. Objetivo: Analisar as reclamações fundamentadas de âmbito odontológico obtidas do PROCON da Paraíba. Material e Métodos: Estudo observacional documental, com universo composto de todos os processos de reclamações fundamentadas oriundos dos relatórios disponibilizados, através do Sistema Nacional de Informações de Defesa do Consumidor, pelo PROCON da Paraíba, sendo a amostra representada pelas reclamações de âmbito odontológico entre 2015 e 2021, as quais foram analisadas de forma descritiva. Resultados: Foram registradas 13.893 reclamações fundamentadas, sendo 66 de âmbito odontológico (0,47%); o ano com maior percentual encontrado foi o de 2020 (0,73%); das reclamações de âmbito odontológico, houve maior frequência de casos relacionados aos planos odontológicos (66,66%), seguidos das clínicas ou consultórios odontológicos (31,81%), restando apenas uma reclamação registrada na categoria cirurgiões-dentistas (1,51%); os principais motivos relatados foram problemas com o Serviço de Atendimento ao Consumidor (SAC), cobrança indevida ou não autorizada e publicidade enganosa; e houve predominância de atendimentos às reivindicações. Conclusão: Não houve constância de crescimento das reclamações de âmbito odontológico obtidas do PROCON/PB entre os anos de 2015 a 2021, os planos odontológicos constituíram seu maior alvo, tendo como principal motivo a reclamação contra o SAC

Introduction: The relationship between patients and professionals, seen as contracting services, together with the advent of the Consumer Protection Code, brings as a consequence greater knowledge about rights on the part of consumers, who have more often claim and seek compensation for possible damages caused. Objective: To analyze substantiated dental complaints obtained from PROCON in Paraíba. Material and Methods: Observational documentary study, with a universe composed of all substantiated complaints processes arising from the reports made available, through the National Consumer Protection Information System, by PROCON of Paraíba, with the sample represented by dental complaints between 2015 and 2021, which were analyzed in a descriptive way. Results: 13,893 substantiated complaints were registered, of which 66 were related to dentistry (0.47%); the year with the highest percentage found was 2020 (0.73%); of dental complaints, there was a higher frequency of cases related to dental plans (66.66%), followed by dental clinics or offices (31.81%), leaving only one complaint registered in the dental surgeons category (1.51% ); the main reasons reported were problems with the Customer Service (SAC), improper or unauthorized billing and misleading advertising; and there was a predominance of requests for assistance. Conclusion: There was no constant growth in dental complaints obtained from PROCON/PB between the years 2015 to 2021, dental plans were its biggest target, with the main reason being the complaint against the SAC

The experience of psychosis and recovery from consumers' perspectives: An integrative literature review.

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Since the first decade of this century, few qualitative studies and literature reviews have reported consumers' experiences of psychosis and recovery. The findings from these studies need further exploration. WHAT DOES THE PAPER ADD TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: New insights into consumers' experiences of psychosis were generated. Additionally, understanding of consumers' conceptions and experiences of recovery were reported. Consumers' insights into the enablers and barriers to recovery that they encountered were also identified. Gaps in the literature remain, particularly those related to the effects of gender and culture on consumers' experiences of and recovery from psychosis. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Nurses' understanding of consumers' perspectives and experiences of psychosis is vital to enhancing the quality of mental health nursing when caring for people living with psychosis. To support user-based recovery, mental health nurses need to incorporate person-centred approaches and reduce their preferencing of medical understandings of recovery. ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Psychosis is a distressing disorder. Consumers' perspectives about their experiences of psychosis and recovery are essential aspects of mental health nursing. AIMS: To review contemporary evidence related to consumers' experiences of and recovery from psychosis. METHOD: An integrative review was the method used; six databases were systematically searched. Of the 157 articles screened, 14 met the inclusion criteria and were assessed for quality using Joanna Briggs Institute Appraisal tools. Data were compared, classified and integrated. RESULTS: Findings revealed that consumers' experiences of psychosis included issues with self-expression and language, psychosocial problems and stigma. Also, consumers' experiences associated with their recovery were reported, and this included their perspectives on the enablers and barriers that they encountered. DISCUSSION: Consumer's experiences of and recovery from psychosis provide an essential basis for managing and working with people experiencing psychosis. Further research identifying the potential effects of gender and culture into consumers' lived experiences is required. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Exploring the experience of someone with psychosis will help nurses to understand the impacts of this condition. This understanding can guide nurses to apply recovery-oriented practices. Specific aspects of psychosis experience, including gender and culture, should inform nurses' practices towards recovery.

System-level barriers to personal recovery in mental health: qualitative analysis of co-productive narrative dialogues between users and professionals.

BACKGROUND: No co-productive narrative synthesis of system-level facilitators and barriers to personal recovery in mental illness has been undertaken. AIMS: To clarify system-level facilitators and barriers to personal recovery of people with mental illness. METHOD: Qualitative study guided by thematic analysis. Data were collected through one focus group, which involved seven service users and three professionals. This group had 11 meetings, each lasting 2 h at a local research institute, between July 2016 to January 2018. RESULTS: The analysis yielded three themes: barriers inhibiting positive interaction within personal relationship networks, roots of barriers from mental health systems and the social cultural context, and possible solutions to address the roots. Barriers were acknowledged as those related to sense of safety, locus of control within oneself and reunion with self. The roots of barriers were recognised within mental health services, including system without trauma sensitivity, lack of advocacy support and limited access to psychosocial approaches. Roots from social cultural context were also found. There were no narratives relating to facilitators. A possible solution was to address the roots from systems. Social cultural change was called for that makes personalised goals most valued, with an inclusive design that overcomes stigma, to achieve an open and accepting community. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis yielded system-level barriers specific to each recovery process. Roots of barriers that need transformation to facilitate personal recovery were identified within mental health services. Social interventions should be further explored to translate the suggested social cultural changes into action.

Metodologia e indicadores para monitoramento da NBCAL em estabelecimentos comerciais e serviços de saúde: estudo multicêntrico (Multi-NBCAL) / Metodología e indicadores para el monitoreo de la NBCAL en establecimientos comerciales y servicios de salud: estudio multicéntrico (Multi-NBCAL) / Methodology and indicators for NBCAL monitoring in stores and health services: a multicenter study (Multi-NBCAL)

A Norma Brasileira de Comercialização de Alimentos para Lactentes e Crianças de Primeira Infância, Bicos, Chupetas e Mamadeiras (NBCAL), vigente no Brasil desde 1988, ainda é sistematicamente infringida, expondo mães e familiares ao marketing ilegal de produtos que competem com o aleitamento materno. O objetivo foi descrever metodologia de estudo multicêntrico e propor indicadores padronizados para monitoramento da NBCAL. Estudo Multicêntrico para Monitoramento da NBCAL (Multi-NBCAL) conduzido em sete cidades brasileiras: Rio de Janeiro; São Paulo; Ouro Preto (Minas Gerais); Florianópolis (Santa Catarina); Brasília (Distrito Federal); João Pessoa (Paraíba) e Belém (Pará). Instrumentos de avaliação foram adaptados do NetCode/WHO e da IBFAN Brasil (Rede Internacional em Defesa do Direito de Amamentar) para condução de dois inquéritos: (1) avaliação do cumprimento da NBCAL em estabelecimentos comerciais e das práticas e conhecimento dos seus gerentes sobre a NBCAL; (2) avaliação em maternidades da interação da indústria de alimentos infantis com profissionais de saúde e mães. Foram elaborados cinco indicadores para avaliação do cumprimento da NBCAL em estabelecimentos comerciais; sete indicadores para avaliar conhecimentos e práticas dos seus responsáveis; cinco indicadores para avaliar a oferta de incentivos a maternidades, profissionais de saúde e mães pelas indústrias e cinco indicadores para avaliar conhecimento e práticas de profissionais de saúde quanto à NBCAL. A metodologia de avaliação da NBCAL, com a proposta de indicadores padronizados, permite a comparabilidade de estudos sobre o tema. A utilização desses indicadores em inquéritos periódicos, nacionais ou regionais, pode contribuir para monitorar o grau de implementação da NBCAL no Brasil.

La Norma Brasileña de Comercialización de Alimentos para Lactantes y Niños en la Primera Infancia, Tetillas, Chupetes y Biberones (NBCAL), vigente en Brasil desde 1988, todavía es sistemáticamente infringida, exponiendo a madres y familiares al marketing ilegal de productos que compiten con la lactancia materna. El objetivo fue describir la metodología de estudio multicéntrico y proponer indicadores estandarizados para el monitoreo de la NBCAL. Estudio Multicéntrico para Monitoreo de la NBCAL (Multi-NBCAL) llevado a cabo en siete (7) ciudades brasileñas: Río de Janeiro; São Paulo; Ouro Preto (Minas Gerais); Florianópolis (Santa Catarina); Brasilia (Distrito Federal); João Pessoa (Paraíba) y Belém (Pará). Se adaptaron instrumentos de evaluación del NetCode/OMS y de la IBFAN Brasil (Red Internacional de Acción por la Alimentación Infantil)para la realización de dos encuestas: (1) evaluación del cumplimiento de la NBCAL en establecimientos comerciales y de las prácticas y conocimiento de sus gerentes sobre la NBCAL; (2) evaluación en maternidades de la interacción de la industria de alimentos infantiles con profesionales de salud y madres. Se elaboraron cinco indicadores para la evaluación del cumplimiento de la NBCAL en establecimientos comerciales; siete indicadores para evaluar conocimientos y prácticas de sus responsables; cinco indicadores para evaluar la oferta de incentivos a maternidades, profesionales de salud y madres por las industrias y cinco indicadores para evaluar el conocimiento y prácticas de profesionales de salud, respecto a la NBCAL. La metodología de evaluación de la NBCAL, con la propuesta de indicadores estandarizados, permite la comparabilidad de estudios sobre el tema. La utilización de estos indicadores en encuestas periódicas, nacionales o regionales, puede contribuir a monitorear el grado de implementación de la NBCAL en Brasil.

The Brazilian Code of Marketing of Infant and Toddlers Food, Nipples, Pacifiers and Baby Bottles (NBCAL), in force in Brazil since 1988, is still systematically violated, exposing mothers and family members to illegal marketing of products that compete with breastfeeding. This study aimed to describe a multicenter study methodology and propose standardized indicators for NBCAL monitoring. This is a Multicenter Study for NBCAL Compliance Assessment (Multi-NBCAL) conducted in seven Brazilian cities: Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Ouro Preto (Minas Gerais State), Florianópolis (Santa Catarina State), Brasília (Federal District), João Pessoa (Paraíba State), and Belém (Pará State). Assessment tools were adapted from NetCode/WHO and IBFAN Brazil (International Baby Food Action Network) to conduct two evaluations: (1) evaluation of NBCAL compliance in stores, and NBCAL knowledge and practices of store managers; (2) evaluation of the interaction between the baby food industry and health professionals and post-partum mothers in maternity hospitals. Five indicators were developed to assess NBCAL compliance in stores; seven indicators to assess the knowledge and practices of store managers; five indicators to assess the provision of incentives to maternity hospitals, health professionals, and mothers by sectors; and five indicators to assess NBCAL knowledge and practices of health professionals. The NBCAL assessment methodology with the proposal of standardized indicators allows comparability of studies about this theme. Using these indicators in periodic national or regional investigation can help monitor the level of NBCAL implementation in Brazil.

A inter-relação do acidente de consumo e assistência à saúde: revisão integrativa / The interrelation of consumer accidents and health assistance: integrative review / La interrelación de los accidentes del consumidor y la asistencia a la salud: revisión integradora

Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica acerca da inter-relação entre consumidor, produto e assistência à saúde. Método: Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura realizada nas bibliotecas e bases de dados: BVS, PubMed, Scielo e Portal de Periódicos CAPES. Foram arrolados dez estudos após a aplicação dos descritores não controlados: "consumidor/ consumer", "acidente / acident" combinados pelo operador booleano "AND" e dos respectivos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados: A análise dos estudos selecionados possibilitou que três categorias emergissem: Principais fatores que levam a ocorrência de acidentes de consumo; Métodos de prevenção dos acidentes de consumo; e, O papel da equipe de saúde na prevenção dos acidentes de consumo. Conclusão: Nesse viés, compreende-se a importância da articulação para estratégias de prevenção de acidentes de consumo, sobretudo, no que se refere ao promissor papel da equipe de saúde neste âmbito, no que tange à educação para prevenção e avaliações para aperfeiçoamento dos produtos.

Objective: to analyze the scientific production on the interrelationship between consumer, product and health. Method: this is an Integrative Literature Review carried out in the libraries and databases: VHL, PubMed, Scielo and Portal do Jornal CAPES. Two studies were found after application of two uncontrolled descriptors: "consumidor/ consumer", "acidente/acident" combined with the recommended Boolean operator "AND" and two respective inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: When analyzing two selected studies, it is possible that three categories may arise: Main factors that lead to the occurrence of consumption accidents, Methods for the prevention of two consumption accidents, Or the role of the health team in the prevention of two consumption accidents. Conclusion: In this regard, it is understood the importance of articulation for consumer accident prevention strategies, especially not referring to the promising role of the health team in this area, not involving prevention education and evaluations for the improvement of two products

Objetivo: Analizar la producción científica sobre la interrelación entre consumidor, producto y cuidado a la salud. Método: Se trata de una Revisión Integrativa de Literatura realizada en las bibliotecas y bases de datos: BVS, PubMed, Scielo y Portal de Periódicos CAPES. Fueron registrados diez estudios tras la aplicación de los descriptores no controlados: "consumidor/ consumer", "acidente / acident", combinados por el operador booleano recomendado "AND" y los respectivos criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: El análisis de los estudios seleccionados permitió emerger tres categorías: Principales factores que conducen a la ocurrencia de accidentes de consumo, Métodos de prevención de accidentes de consumo, El papel del equipo de salud en la prevención de accidentes de consumo. Conclusión: En este contexto, se comprende la importancia de la articulación para las estrategias de prevención de accidentes del consumo, especialmente en lo que respecta al rol prometedor del equipo de salud en esta área, en lo que corresponda a la educación para la prevención y las evaluaciones para mejorar los productos.

Telemedicina e uberização da saúde: médicos operários ou consumidores? / Telemedicine and uberizationof health: doctors as workers or consumers? / Telemedicina y uberizaciónde la salud: ¿médicos como trabajadoreso consumidores?

Objetivo: o artigo visa analisar as mudanças na categorização legal dos médicos devido a possíveis mudanças na profissão médica provocadas pela telemedicina, vislumbrando-se uma possível precarização das relações de trabalho médicas e a uberização da medicina. Metodologia:a abordagem metodológica parte dos conceitos de custos de transação e de informação desenvolvidos pela economia neoinstitucional e da análise sociológica jurídica, feitas para definir um cenário possível da profissão médica e de sua estrutura legal. O tipo ideal de telemedicina mediada por uma plataforma digital dominante é o ponto de partida para a análise legal de possíveis categorizações de médicos e serviços de saúde. Com base nesse modelo ideal, são traçadas diversas considerações sobre as suas possíveis consequências para o exercício da profissão médica. Resultados:a principal contribuição é a discussão legal da rivalidade entre a categorização como trabalhador ou consumidor, bem como uma possível dupla incidência de regimes legais. Conclusão:os papéis futuros dos médicos como profissionais, trabalhadores ou consumidores dependerão não apenas da dinâmica do mercado, mas centralmente do quadro jurídico. O controle da qualidade e dos benefícios sociais dos serviços de saúde depende do arcabouçolegal, na medida em que estão vinculados aos papéis dos profissionais.

Objectives: the article aims to analyzechanges in the legal categorization of doctors due to possible changes in the medical profession caused by telemedicine.It envisionsa possible precariousness of medical work relationships and the uberizationof medicine. Methods:the methodological approach starts from the concepts of transaction costs and information developed by the neoinstitutional economy and from the sociological legal analysismade to define a possible scenario of the medical profession and its legal structure. The ideal type of telemedicine mediated by a dominant digital platform is the starting point for the legal analysis of possible categorizationof doctors and health services. Based on this ideal model, several considerations are outlined about its possible consequences for the exercise of the medical profession. Results:the main contribution is the legal discussion of the rivalry between categorization as worker or consumer, as well as a possible double incidence of legal regimes.Conclusions:the future roles of doctors as professionals, workers,or consumers will depend not only on the dynamics of the market, but centrally on the legal framework. The control of the quality and social benefits of health services depends on the legal framework, insofar as they are linked to the roles of professionals.

Objetivos: el artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los cambios en la categorización jurídica de los médicos por posibles cambios en la profesión médica provocados por la telemedicina, vislumbrando una posible precariedad de las relaciones laborales médicas y la uberización de la medicina. Metodología:el abordaje metodológico parte de los conceptos de costos de transacción e información desarrollados por la economía neoinstitucional y del análisis jurídico sociológico, realizado para definir un posible escenario de la profesión médica y su estructura jurídica. El tipo ideal de telemedicina mediada por una plataforma digital dominante es el punto de partida para el análisis legal de posibles categorizaciones de médicos y servicios de salud. A partir de este modelo ideal, se esbozan varias consideraciones sobre sus posibles consecuencias para el ejercicio de la profesión médica.Resultados:el principal aporte es la discusión jurídica de la rivalidad entre categorización como trabajador o consumidor, así como una posible doble incidencia de regímenes legales. Conclusiones:los roles futuros de los médicos como profesionales, trabajadores o consumidores dependerán no solo de la dinámica del mercado, sino centralmente del marco legal. El control de la calidad y los beneficios sociales de los servicios de salud depende del marco legal, en la medida en que están vinculados a los roles de los profesionales.

Stakeholder views about a novel consumer health resource for knee osteoarthritis.

Objective: This study aimed to explore consumers', clinicians', and arthritis advocates' perceptions of a novel osteoarthritis (OA) information booklet that challenged existing beliefs, integrated a biopsychosocial perspective, and incorporated consumer voice and experience. Design: A mixed-methods study was conducted using an evaluation survey completed after first reading the booklet and subsequent focus groups with Thematic Analysis. Focus groups were conducted with consumers (people with OA; four groups; n = 19), general practitioners (two groups; n = 11), primary healthcare nurses (two groups; n = 14) and arthritis advocates (two groups; n = 12). Results: Quantitative data identified positive initial impressions of the booklet. Four key themes emerged from the focus groups related to: i) an informative and empowering booklet; ii) the need to be clear about the booklet's purpose and audience; iii) discordance between clinician, advocate, and consumer perspectives; and iv) information and advice conflicting with prior beliefs or experience. Conclusion: A novel information booklet was well received by consumers, clinicians, and arthritis advocates. New information resources can be improved in partnership with consumers and key stakeholders. Co-design with consumers needs to be carefully considered during resource development as consumer views often contrasted with professionals' perceptions of consumer needs. Successful implementation of updated OA information will require a multi-faceted approach that also targets clinicians' knowledge and beliefs.

Authentic engagement: A conceptual model for welcoming diverse and challenging consumer and survivor views in mental health research, policy, and practice.

As involvement of consumers/survivors in planning, delivery, and evaluation of services has increased, expectations of authentic and effective engagement, versus tokenism, have also risen. Different factors contribute to, or detract from, authentic engagement. Writing from mental health consumer/survivor and nursing positioning, respectively, we aim to redress the common problem of including only a narrow range of views and voices. This paper introduces a conceptual model that supports leaders in research, clinical, service, and policy roles to understand the necessity of engaging with a broader spectrum of consumer/survivor views and voices. The model draws on published consumer/survivor materials, making explicit diverse experiences of treatment and care and identifying the subsequent rich consumer/survivor advocacy agendas. We propose that strong co-production is made possible by recognizing and welcoming consumer/survivor activist, facilitator, transformer, and humanizer contributions. The conceptual model forms the basis for a proposed qualitative validation project.

Fortalecimiento de las oficinas de atención al asegurado del Seguro Integral de Salud - SIS / Strengthening of the insured’s attention offices of the comprehensive health insurance

Hasta la década pasada, el derecho a la salud de los peruanos estuvo restringido por barreras de acceso y débiles mecanismos de cautela. El 2009 se instituyó la Política de Aseguramiento Universal en Salud (AUS). El 2013 se dispuso la implementación de oficinas de atención al asegurado (OAA) del Seguro Integral de Salud (SIS), para velar por el cumplimiento del acceso, calidad y gratuidad de las atenciones a sus afiliados. Entre el 2015 y 2018, el SIS y el Programa SISTEC ejecutaron un proyecto en 5 regiones del país que contribuyó al fortalecimiento de los procesos de atención al asegurado. El proyecto ha generado evidencia sobre la contribución de las OAA al AUS. Se requiere consenso y articulación entre las instancias involucradas para la configuración de un sistema para la atención del usuario de servicios de salud y la protección de sus derechos.

Until the last decade, access barriers and weak mechanisms of caution restricted the right to health of Peruvians. In 2009, the policy of Universal Health Insurance (AUS) was instituted. In 2013, the National Health Insurance Agency (SIS) Offices for health insurance consumer assistance (OAA) were set up to ensure compliance with the access, quality and gratuity of care for its affiliated. Between 2015 and 2018, the SIS and the SISTEC Program executed a project in five regions of the country that contributed to the strengthening of processes of assistance to the affiliated to SIS. The project has generated evidence on the contribution of the OAA to the AUS. There is a need for consensus and articulation between the sectorial organizations involved to the configuration of a system for the health consumer assistance and protection of their health rights.

Application of Community-Engaged Research to Inform the Development and Implementation of a Peer-Delivered Mobile Health Intervention for Adults With Serious Mental Illness.

BACKGROUND: Involving certified peer specialists in all phases of intervention development and research is a high priority to advance peer-delivered services. Certified peer specialists are individuals with a lived experience of a mental illness, and they are trained and accredited to provide Medicaid reimbursable mental health services. Community-engaged research can facilitate the development and implementation of peer-delivered interventions; however, little is known about the processes. We present our application of community-engaged research to inform the development and implementation of a peer-delivered mobile health (mHealth) intervention for adults with serious mental illness. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to present a framework that can be used as a guide for researchers and certified peer specialists to develop and implement peer-delivered mHealth interventions in community settings. METHODS: Informed by principles of community-engaged research, we developed the Academic Researchers-Certified Peer Specialists mHealth Research Continuum. Principles of community-engaged research included in the Continuum include the following: (1) develop a clear understanding of the purpose, goal, and population involved in community change; (2) become knowledgeable about all aspects of the community; (3) interact and establish relationships with the community; (4) encourage community self-determination; (5) partner with the community; (6) respect community diversity and culture; (7) activate community assets and develop capacity; (8) maintain flexibility; and (9) commit to long-term collaboration. RESULTS: Overall, 4 certified peer specialists participated in all phases of intervention development and research. Individuals who participated in the Academic Researchers-Certified Peer Specialists' mHealth Research Continuum collaborated on 5 studies advancing peers' roles in services delivery using mHealth and secured grant funding from a foundation to sustain their study. The Academic Researchers-Certified Peer Specialists' mHealth Research Continuum has created a rare environment of inclusion by combining scientific expertise and certified peer specialists' expertise to achieve a shared vision. CONCLUSIONS: This study delineates a process by which academic researchers and certified peer specialists participated in community-engaged research to develop and implement peer-delivered mHealth interventions in community settings.

The mental health users' movement in Argentina from the perspective of Latin American Collective Health.

The mental health users' movement is a worldwide phenomenon that seeks to resist disempowerment and marginalisation of people living with mental illness. The Latin American Collective Health movement sees the mental health users' movement as an opportunity for power redistribution and for autonomous participation. The present paper aims to analyze the users' movement in Argentina from a Collective Health perspective, by tracing the history of users' movement in the Country. A heterogeneous research team used a qualitative approach to study mental health users' associations in Argentina. The local impact of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the regulations of Argentina's National Mental Health Law are taken as fundamental milestones. A strong tradition of social activism in Argentina ensured that the mental health care reforms included users' involvement. However, the resulting growth of users' associations after 2006, mainly to promote their participation through institutional channels, has not been followed by a more radical power distribution. Associations dedicated to the self-advocacy include a combination of actors with different motives. Despite the need for users to form alliances with other actors to gain ground, professional power struggles and the historical disempowerment of 'patients' stand as obstacles for users' autonomous participation.

La protección al consumidor en la actualización del modelo económico y social cubano / Client protection policy into the update of the Cuban economic and social model

RESUMEN Introducción: en el comercio minorista cubano el tema de la protección al consumidor es cada vez más recurrente y complejo, ya que es la violación de los derechos de los consumidores un flagelo presente que preocupa al Estado, dada la importancia y rol del ciudadano dentro de la cadena de consumo social, para la economía nacional, en el avance hacia la mejora continua de la calidad de vida. Objetivo: valorar la necesidad de contar con una norma jurídica con rango de ley en materia de protección al consumidor en Cuba, que supere las limitaciones existentes en la legislación actual y responda a las exigencias de la actualización. Métodos: se realizó un análisis descriptivo-explicativo y crítico a partir de la revisión bibliográfica. Desde el punto de vista teórico se utilizaron los métodos histórico-lógico e histórico jurídico, a nivel empírico el análisis documental. Desarrollo: el artículo propuesto parte de un análisis conceptual de las categorías consumidor y protección al consumidor, desde su tratamiento doctrinal y legislativo en Cuba, con énfasis en lo normado desde las esferas constitucional, civil, penal y administrativa, profundizando en el tratamiento más reciente del tema a la luz del proceso de actualización del modelo económico y social. Conclusiones: se demuestra que a pesar del avance que ha significado la implementación de los Lineamientos de la Política Económica y Social como pautas para la actualización del modelo de desarrollo en Cuba, la política de protección al consumidor debe encontrar expresión concreta en una norma jurídica con rango de ley.

ABSTRACT Introduction: in Cuban retail trade activity, the issue of client protection is gradually more recurrent and complex, given that the contravention of the client rights is a present scourge that concerns the State, specifying its importance and the citizen role within the chain of social consumption, and intended for the national economy, towards the continuous improvement of the quality of life, as well. Objective: to value the need of having a legal norm with the scope of a law on client protection principles in Cuba, going beyond the existing limitations in the current legislation and in connection with the requirements of the update. Methods: a descriptive- instructive and critical analysis was conducted comprising a literature review. From the theoretical point of view, the historical-logical and historical-legal methods were applied, at the empirical level: the documentary analysis. Development: the proposed article is based on a conceptual analysis of the client protection categories, from its doctrinal and legislative treatment in Cuba, with emphasis on what is regulated from the constitutional, civil, criminal and administrative spheres, deepening in the most recent management of the issue into the process, which is aimed at updating the economic and social model. Conclusions: it is confirmed that despite the advancement completed in the accomplishment of the Guidelines of the Economic and Social Policy, as a rule for updating the model of development in Cuba, the client protection policy must find concrete expression in a legal norm with scope of law.

Strategies to promote public engagement around deprescribing.

Many seniors remain unaware that certain medications may be harmful, despite high rates of polypharmacy and inappropriate medication use among community-dwelling older adults. Patient education is an effective method for reducing the use of inappropriate medications. Increasing public awareness and engagement is essential for promoting shared decision-making to deprescribe. The Canadian Deprescribing Network was created to address the lack of a systematic pan-Canadian initiative to implement deprescribing among older Canadians. The Canadian Deprescribing Network deliberately included patient advocates in its organization from the outset, in order to ensure a key strategic focus on public awareness and education. In this paper, we present the processes and activities rolled out by the Canadian Deprescribing Network as a blueprint model for engaging the public on deprescribing. Embedded within the structure of the network, the subcommittee on public awareness and engagement implements an action plan that includes needs assessments, population surveys, focus groups, deprescribing fairs, national stakeholders' meetings, public lectures and monthly exchanges with community champions and seniors' organizations. Educational materials and online media have been developed based on the answers to the questions: what information do seniors need about deprescribing? who should this information be delivered to? who needs to deliver the message? and how should seniors be engaged in deprescribing? In conjunction with seniors' organizations, members of the Network have iteratively refined key deprescribing messages, disseminated information about deprescribing, engaged the press and created a grass roots-driven public awareness and education campaign across Canada. Over 3000 seniors and seniors' organizations are involved, with over 25,000 educational tools being distributed across the country.

Home Parenteral Nutrition Reimbursement and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Public Policy Efforts.

Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) has been considered a lifesaving intervention since the late 1960s for patients with gastrointestinal (GI) failure and other conditions that affect the GI tract who are well enough to be at home. Payment for this therapy under federal programs requires significant documentation and complex processes to qualify. Medicare parenteral nutrition policy, qualification processes and challenges, and advocacy supported by the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition are reviewed with the goal of increasing clinician awareness of the complexity surrounding Medicare HPN reimbursement.

Correlação entre reclamações de consumidores e ações judiciais por falhas na prestação de serviços odontológicos no estado de São Paulo, Brasil / Correlation between consumer complaints and lawsuits for failures in dental services, São Paulo state, Brazil

A responsabilidade dos cirurgiões-dentistas tem como principais enfoques os direitos e as obrigações destes profissionais. O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar a associação entre os cirurgiões-dentistas e/ou as empresas que prestam serviços odontológicos que tiveram seus nomes apontados em sites especializados em reclamações e, a partir desses nomes reclamados, buscar as demandas judiciais no Estado de São Paulo. A amostra foi composta por processos disponíveis no site do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo. Os nomes de 175 cirurgiões-dentistas e/ou empresas odontológicas foram coletados a partir de sites especializados em reclamações utilizando termos relacionados à Odontologia. Os resultados mostraram que, a partir dos 175 nomes encontrados, havia 313 processos constando esses nomes como parte requerida em processos judiciais. O ano com maior ocorrência dos casos foram 2011 e 2012. A maioria das ações foi promovida por pessoas do sexo feminino (62%) e os planos odontológicos constituem o principal alvo dos processos. Com relação ao "tipo de ação" referente ao fator motivador dos processos analisados, os "danos morais", "danos materiais e morais", "danos materiais", seguido de "contrato" e "obrigação" foram os termos mais encontrados. Os valores pleiteados, quando divulgados, foram bastante variados, com uma média correspondendo a um montante de R$ 27.349,54. Pode-se concluir que houve associação entre os nomes que estavam sendo reclamados nos sites brasileiros especializados em reclamação de consumidores e as demandas judiciais no Estado de São Paulo.

The main topic of Dentistry responsibility is the professional´s rights and obligations. This study aimed to verify the association between dentists and/or dental companies´ names presents in specific complaints websites, and with these names look for lawsuits using the online database of the São Paulo State Court. The sample was com posed by lawsuits from these websites. The 175 dentists and/or dental companies´ names were collected using keywords about Dentistry. The results showed that 175 names were found in complaints websites and after the search using these names in database of the São Paulo State Court were found 313 lawsuits against the professional and companies found. The majority of cases occurred in the years 2011 and 2012. The most lawsuits were filed by women (62%) and the dental companies were the lawsuits´main target. About the lawsuit "nature" an "topic" concerning the reason to start the lawsuit the studied shows that "moral damage", "moral and material damage", "material damage", and "contract" and "obligation" were the principal terms found. The requested compensation values were varied, and the mean value was R$ 27,349.54 (in Brazilian reais). It was concluded that there is association between the names found in specific complaints websites and the lawsuits database of the São Paulo State Court.

Development of guidelines for giving community presentations about eating disorders: a Delphi study.

BACKGROUND: Concerns exist around how to talk about eating disorders (EDs) due to evidence that suggests discussing ED symptoms and behaviours may cause or worsen symptoms in vulnerable people. Using expert consensus, we developed a set of guidelines for giving safe community presentations about EDs. METHODS: Participants with professional ED expertise, and people with lived experience of an ED, were recruited for a Delphi study. N = 26 panel members rated 367 statements for both a) inclusion in guidelines, and b) their potential to be helpful (increase knowledge, reduce stigma) or harmful (increase stigma, cause/worsen ED symptoms). After each round of the study, statements were classified as endorsed, re-rate, or not endorsed. RESULTS: 208 statements were endorsed by the panel over three rounds. 13 statements were strongly endorsed in the first round, with both people with lived experience and professionals agreeing it is important for presentations to include information on etiology of EDs and to promote help-seeking. Several statements had a high level of disagreement between those with lived experience and professionals, including the idea that presentations should suggest dieting is likely to result in weight gain. DISCUSSION: The experts were able to develop consensus on a wide range of issues. Panel members, particularly people with lived experience, were sensitive to aspects of presentations that may be harmful to an audience. The guidelines fill an important gap in the literature and provide guidance to those educating the public about EDs; they should, however, be further evaluated to test their efficacy.