ABSTRACT
Adequate lifestyle changes significantly reduce the cardiovascular risk factors associated with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, healthy eating habits, regular physical activity, abstaining from using tobacco, and good sleep hygiene are recommended for managing these conditions. There is solid evidence that diets that are plant-based; low in saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and sodium; and high in fiber, potassium, and unsaturated fatty acids are beneficial and reduce the expression of cardiovascular risk factors in these subjects. In view of the foregoing, the Mediterranean diet, the DASH diet, a low-carbohydrate diet, and a vegan-vegetarian diet are of note. Additionally, the relationship between nutrition and these metabolic pathologies is fundamental in targeting efforts to prevent weight gain, reducing excess weight in the case of individuals with overweight or obesity, and personalizing treatment to promote patient empowerment. This document is the executive summary of an updated review that includes the main recommendations for improving dietary nutritional quality in people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus. The full review is available on the webpages of the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis, the Spanish Diabetes Society, and the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Prediabetic State , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diet therapy , Humans , Obesity/diet therapy , Overweight/diet therapy , Prediabetic State/diet therapyABSTRACT
Adequate lifestyle changes significantly reduce the cardiovascular risk factors associated with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, healthy eating habits, regular physical activity, abstaining from using tobacco, and good sleep hygiene are recommended for managing these conditions. There is solid evidence that diets that are plant-based; low in saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and sodium; and high in fiber, potassium, and unsaturated fatty acids are beneficial and reduce the expression of cardiovascular risk factors in these subjects. In view of the foregoing, the Mediterranean diet, the DASH diet, a low-carbohydrate diet, and a vegan-vegetarian diet are of note. Additionally, the relationship between nutrition and these metabolic pathologies is fundamental in targeting efforts to prevent weight gain, reducing excess weight in the case of individuals with overweight or obesity; and personalizing treatment to promote patient empowerment. This document is the executive summary of an updated review that includes the main recommendations for improving dietary nutritional quality in people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus. The full review is available on the webpages of the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis (SEA, for its initials in Spanish), the Spanish Diabetes Society (SED, for its initials in Spanish), and the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI, for its initials in Spanish).
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Prediabetic State , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control , Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted , Humans , Obesity/prevention & control , Overweight , Prediabetic State/therapyABSTRACT
Los cambios adecuados del estilo de vida reducen significativamente los factores de riesgo cardiovascular asociados a la prediabetes y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, por lo que en su manejo se debe recomendar un patrón saludable de alimentación, actividad física regular, no consumir tabaco, y una buena higiene del sueño. Hay una sólida evidencia de que los patrones alimentarios de base vegetal, bajos en ácidos grasos saturados, colesterol y sodio, con un alto contenido en fibra, potasio y ácidos grasos insaturados, son beneficiosos y reducen la expresión de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en estos sujetos. En este contexto destacan la dieta mediterránea, la dieta DASH, la dieta baja en hidratos de carbono y la dieta vegano-vegetariana. Adicionalmente, en la relación entre nutrición y estas enfermedades metabólicas es fundamental dirigir los esfuerzos a prevenir la ganancia de peso o a reducir su exceso en caso de sobrepeso u obesidad, y personalizar el tratamiento para favorecer el empoderamiento del paciente.Este documento es un resumen ejecutivo de una revisión actualizada que incluye las principales recomendaciones para mejorar la calidad nutricional de la alimentación en las personas con prediabetes o diabetes mellitus tipo 2, disponible en las páginas web de la Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis, la Sociedad Española de Diabetes y la Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna.(AU)
Adequate lifestyle changes significantly reduce the cardiovascular risk factors associated with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, healthy eating habits, regular physical activity, abstaining from using tobacco, and good sleep hygiene are recommended for managing these conditions. There is solid evidence that diets that are plant-based; low in saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and sodium; and high in fiber, potassium, and unsaturated fatty acids are beneficial and reduce the expression of cardiovascular risk factors in these subjects. In view of the foregoing, the Mediterranean diet, the DASH diet, a low-carbohydrate diet, and a vegan-vegetarian diet are of note. Additionally, the relationship between nutrition and these metabolic pathologies is fundamental in targeting efforts to prevent weight gain, reducing excess weight in the case of individuals with overweight or obesity, and personalizing treatment to promote patient empowerment.This document is the executive summary of an updated review that includes the main recommendations for improving dietary nutritional quality in people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus. The full review is available on the webpages of the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis, the Spanish Diabetes Society, and the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Prediabetic State , Risk Factors , Obesity , Dietary Carbohydrates , Quality of Life , DietABSTRACT
Los cambios adecuados del estilo de vida reducen significativamente los factores de riesgo cardiovascular asociados a la prediabetes y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, por lo que en su manejo se debe recomendar un patrón saludable de alimentación, actividad física regular, no consumir tabaco, y una buena higiene del sueño. Hay una sólida evidencia de que los patrones alimentarios de base vegetal, bajos en ácidos grasos saturados, colesterol y sodio, con un alto contenido en fibra, potasio y ácidos grasos insaturados, son beneficiosos y reducen la expresión de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en estos sujetos. En este contexto destacan la dieta mediterránea, la dieta DASH, la dieta baja en hidratos de carbono y la dieta vegano-vegetariana. Adicionalmente, en la relación entre nutrición y estas enfermedades metabólicas es fundamental dirigir los esfuerzos a prevenir la ganancia de peso o a reducir su exceso en caso de sobrepeso u obesidad, y personalizar el tratamiento para favorecer el empoderamiento del paciente. Este documento es un resumen ejecutivo de una revisión actualizada que incluye las principales recomendaciones para mejorar la calidad nutricional de la alimentación en las personas con prediabetes o diabetes mellitus tipo 2, disponible en las páginas web de la Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis, la Sociedad Española de Diabetes y la Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (AU)
Adequate lifestyle changes significantly reduce the cardiovascular risk factors associated with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, healthy eating habits, regular physical activity, abstaining from using tobacco, and good sleep hygiene are recommended for managing these conditions. There is solid evidence that diets that are plant-based; low in saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and sodium; and high in fiber, potassium, and unsaturated fatty acids are beneficial and reduce the expression of cardiovascular risk factors in these subjects. In view of the foregoing, the Mediterranean diet, the DASH diet, a low-carbohydrate diet, and a vegan-vegetarian diet are of note. Additionally, the relationship between nutrition and these metabolic pathologies is fundamental in targeting efforts to prevent weight gain, reducing excess weight in the case of individuals with overweight or obesity, and personalizing treatment to promote patient empowerment. This document is the executive summary of an updated review that includes the main recommendations for improving dietary nutritional quality in people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus. The full review is available on the webpages of the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis, the Spanish Diabetes Society, and the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diet therapy , Prediabetic State/diet therapy , Diet, Healthy , Life StyleABSTRACT
Adequate lifestyle changes significantly reduce the cardiovascular risk factors associated with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, healthy eating habits, regular physical activity, abstaining from using tobacco, and good sleep hygiene are recommended for managing these conditions. There is solid evidence that diets that are plant-based; low in saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and sodium; and high in fiber, potassium, and unsaturated fatty acids are beneficial and reduce the expression of cardiovascular risk factors in these subjects. In view of the foregoing, the Mediterranean diet, the DASH diet, a low-carbohydrate diet, and a vegan-vegetarian diet are of note. Additionally, the relationship between nutrition and these metabolic pathologies is fundamental in targeting efforts to prevent weight gain, reducing excess weight in the case of individuals with overweight or obesity, and personalizing treatment to promote patient empowerment. This document is the executive summary of an updated review that includes the main recommendations for improving dietary nutritional quality in people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus. The full review is available on the webpages of the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis, the Spanish Diabetes Society, and the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diet therapy , Life Style , Prediabetic State/diet therapy , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Diet Therapy/methods , Heart Disease Risk Factors , Humans , Obesity/diet therapy , Overweight/diet therapyABSTRACT
Adequate lifestyle changes significantly reduce the cardiovascular risk factors associated with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, healthy eating habits, regular physical activity, abstaining from using tobacco, and good sleep hygiene are recommended for managing these conditions. There is solid evidence that diets that are plant-based; low in saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and sodium; and high in fiber, potassium, and unsaturated fatty acids are beneficial and reduce the expression of cardiovascular risk factors in these subjects. In view of the foregoing, the Mediterranean diet, the DASH diet, a low-carbohydrate diet, and a vegan-vegetarian diet are of note. Additionally, the relationship between nutrition and these metabolic pathologies is fundamental in targeting efforts to prevent weight gain, reducing excess weight in the case of individuals with overweight or obesity, and personalizing treatment to promote patient empowerment. This document is the executive summary of an updated review that includes the main recommendations for improving dietary nutritional quality in people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus. The full review is available on the webpages of the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis, the Spanish Diabetes Society, and the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine.
ABSTRACT
Adequate lifestyle changes significantly reduce the cardiovascular risk factors associated with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, healthy eating habits, regular physical activity, abstaining from using tobacco, and good sleep hygiene are recommended for managing these conditions. There is solid evidence that diets that are plant-based; low in saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and sodium; and high in fiber, potassium, and unsaturated fatty acids are beneficial and reduce the expression of cardiovascular risk factors in these subjects. In view of the foregoing, the Mediterranean diet, the DASH diet, a low-carbohydrate diet, and a vegan-vegetarian diet are of note. Additionally, the relationship between nutrition and these metabolic pathologies is fundamental in targeting efforts to prevent weight gain, reducing excess weight in the case of individuals with overweight or obesity, and personalizing treatment to promote patient empowerment. This document is the executive summary of an updated review that includes the main recommendations for improving dietary nutritional quality in people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus. The full review is available on the webpages of the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis, the Spanish Diabetes Society, and the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine.
ABSTRACT
Resumen La ingesta tipo atracón (binge eating behavior), es un desorden alimentario que se caracteriza por un sobreconsumo de alimentos sabrosos en períodos breves sin que haya un déficit energético. Previamente se ha reportado que es posible inducir ingesta tipo atracón en ratas empleando grasa vegetal; sin embargo, se ha descrito que el consumo de grasas depende de su forma de presentación. Los sujetos que presentan atracones incremental el consumo del alimento palatable con el que fueron entrenados, pero se desconoce su preferencia cuando se ofrecen otras alternativas con diferente contenido calórico. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron evaluar el establecimiento de la ingesta tipo atracón empleando una solución de aceite de maíz y, si hay cambios en la preferencia de los sujetos por diferentes concentraciones de aceite de maíz después de la inducción de ingesta tipo atracón. Para ello, se realizó una línea base de la preferencia de las ratas hacia diferentes concentraciones de aceite de maíz en condiciones de acceso libre al alimento, empleando la prueba de dos botellas. Posteriormente los sujetos fueron divididos en grupo control y experimental con base en su consumo de aceite y se indujo ingesta tipo atracón en el grupo experimental; finalmente, se reevalúo de nuevo la preferencia de los sujetos en condiciones de acceso libre y, posteriormente, de privación de alimento. Los resultados obtenidos, permiten concluir que es posible inducir ingesta tipo atracón con aceite de maíz; además, la inducción de la conducta atracón aumenta la preferencia por las concentraciones altas de aceite de maíz y la privación de alimento modula dicha preferencia. Estos hallazgos implican que la regulación energética se mantiene intacta a pesar de la inducción de la conducta de atracón.
Abstract Binge eating behavior is a food intake disorder characterized by an overconsumption of palatable food without an energy deficit. It has been reported the induction of binge eating with vegetable shortening, but also it has been reported that differences may exist on consumption depending upon the fat presentation (as vegetable shortening or corn oil). In addition, there is limited information on whether binge eating may modulate preference for options that differ on their caloric content. Therefore, main objectives were to determine whether is possible to induce binge eating using corn oil as the palatable food and whether preference for different oil concentrations is modified after binge induction. First, we determined the preference of the subjects to different oil concentrations; thereafter subjects were assigned to control (no binge induction) or experimental (binge eating induction protocol) on the basis of their oil consumption. Binge induction lasted one month and then a second two-bottle preference test was carried. Results showed that corn oil may be used as a palatable substance to induce binge eating behavior; also, it was observed an increase in preference for higher oil concentrations induced by binge, but preference was also modulated by deprivation conditions, suggesting normal regulation of caloric intake despite binge induction.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Determinar si la preeclampsia influye en los componentes (proteínas, lípidos, agua, crematocrito y contenido calórico) de la leche materna (calostro) de puérperas. Diseño: Investigación de tipo transversal, comparativa. Institución: Departamento de Ginecoobstetricia, Hospital Regional de Cajamarca, Perú. Participantes: Puérperas atendidas a 2 720 m.s.n.m. Métodos: En 25 puérperas con preeclampsia y 25 puérperas sin preeclampsia se recolectó calostro y se determinó el porcentaje de agua, proteínas, grasas y contenido calórico. Los datos fueron analizados con SPSS 21.0 y se comparó los resultados mediante la T de student pareada. Principales medidas de resultados: Porcentaje de agua, proteínas, grasas y contenido calórico del calostro. Resultados: El porcentaje de agua de no preeclámpticas fue 83,7+/- 1,1, y el de preeclámpticas 88,0+/-0,5. con p <0,01; el porcentaje de proteínas de no preeclámpticas fue 2,2+/-0,2, y el de preeclámpticas 1,9+/-0,3, con p<0,01; el porcentaje de grasas de no preeclámpticas fue 1,8+/-0,1 y el de preeclámpticas 2,1+/- 0,2, con p<0,01; el crematocrito de no preeclámpticas fue 3,9 +/-1,4 y el de preeclámpticas 5,0+/- 2,0, con p< 0,05; el valor calórico en kcal/mL de no preeclámpticas fue 52,1+/- 4,6, el de preeclámpticas 55,9+/- 6,8, con p< 0,05. Conclusiones: La preeclampsia influyó en los componentes del calostro, en la muestra estudiada a 2 720 m.s.n.m.
Objective: To determine preeclampsia influence on components (proteins, lipids, water, and caloric content of crematocrit) of colostrum in postpartum women. Design: Cross-sectional comparative study. Setting: Gynecology and Obstetrics service, Hospital Regional de Cajamarca, Peru. Participants: Puerperal women attended at 2 720 meters above sea level. Methods: Colostrum was collected from 25 puerperal preeclamptic women and 25 non-preeclamptic puerperae; percentage of water, proteins, fat and caloric content were determined. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and results compared using paired student T. Main out-come measures: Percentage of water, proteins, fat and caloric content in colostrum. Results: Non-preeclamptic water percentage in colostrum was 83.7 + / - 1.1, and in preeclamptic 88.0 + / -0.5, p <0.01; non-preeclamptic protein percentage was 2.2 + / -0.2, and in preeclamptic 1.9 + / -0.3, p <0.01; non-preeclamptic fat percentage in colostrum was 1.8 + / -0.1, and in preeclamptic 2.1 + / - 0.2, p <0.01; non-preeclamptic crematocrit was 3.9 + / -1.4, and in preeclamptic 5.0 + / - 2.0, p <0.05; caloric value in kcal / mL in non-preeclamptic was 52.1 + / - 4.6, and 55.9 + / - 6.8 in preeclamptic, p <0.05. Conclusions: Preeclampsia influenced colostrum components in the population studied at 2 720 meters above sea level.
