Contratos y recontratos / Contracts and recontracts / Contrats et recontrats / Contratos e recontratos

Este trabajo se apoya en los conceptos contrato narcisista primario y secundario para dar cuenta del proceso de filiación y afiliación de la paciente (caso de Agustina) AU

This work relies on the concepts of primary and secondary Narcissistic Contract to understand the process of affiliation and filiation of the patient (Agustina ́s case) AU

Ce travail s'appuie sur les concepts de contrat narcissique primaire et secondaire pour rendre compte du processus de filiation et du processus d ́adhésiondu patient (cas d ́Agustina) AU

Este trabalho baseia-se nos conceitos de contrato narcísico primário e secundário para dar conta do processo de filiação e afiliaçãodo paciente (caso de Agustina) AU

A participação das Organizações Sociais no Sistema Único de Saúde: estudo de caso do Hospital Estadual da Mulher Heloneida Studart / The participation of Social Organizations in the Unified Health System: case study of the Heloneida Studart Women's State Hospital

Esta dissertação tem como objeto de estudo a participação das Organizações Sociais no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), a partir do estudo de caso do Hospital Estadual da Mulher Heloneida Studart (HEMHS). Os objetivos gerais são contribuir para o entendimento da participação das Organizações Sociais no âmbito do SUS, com base na análise dos contratos de gestão em unidade de saúde pertencente à Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro (SES-RJ) e na avaliação do desempenho da produção hospitalar dessa unidade no período de 2012 a 2022, e cooperar para o aperfeiçoamento dos processos de contratualização das unidades de saúde no âmbito da SES-RJ. São objetivos específicos: identificar e descrever os contratos de gestão do HEMHS no período de 2012 a 2022, comparar a evolução dos valores pagos nos contratos de gestão para operacionalização do HEMHS de 2012 a 2022, analisar a evolução da produção do HEMHS de 2012 a 2022 e o atingimento das metas pactuadas relacionadas aos indicadores quantitativos disponíveis nos contratos de gestão e sugerir ajustes nos contratos de gestão e nas formas de monitoramento e avaliação da SES-RJ, com base nas lições aprendidas. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, foram utilizadas pesquisas documentais e bibliográficas. Na pesquisa bibliográfica, buscaram-se conhecimento e aprofundamento dos diferentes modelos de gestão dos serviços de saúde no Brasil, e mais especificamente no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, com o advento das Organizações Sociais no SUS. A pesquisa documental teve como fonte de dados os instrumentos normativos sobre Organizações Sociais no Brasil e no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, como leis, decretos e portarias, além dos contratos de gestão e relatórios de prestações de contas disponibilizados no sítio da SES-RJ. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstraram que, ao longo do período estudado, os recursos firmados em contratos tiveram pouca variação, bem como os recursos efetivamente pagos. As metas de produção obtidas demonstraram que alguns procedimentos tiveram resultados superiores ao contratado e outros procedimentos, resultados inferiores. Apesar da demanda pelos serviços no período de 2012 a 2022, os procedimentos de vídeo-histeroscopia, mamografia e mamografia guiada por ultrassonografia jamais alcançaram os resultados pactuados. A pesquisa também não conseguiu estabelecer uma relação direta entre o repasse de recurso e o alcance das metas contratuais. (AU)

This dissertation aims to study the participation of Social Organizations in the Unified Health System (SUS), based on the case study of the Heloneida Studart Women's State Hospital (HEMHS). The general objectives are to contribute to the understanding of the participation of Social Organizations within the scope of the SUS, based on the analysis of management contracts in a health unit belonging to the State Department of Health of Rio de Janeiro (SES-RJ) and the evaluation of the performance of this unit's hospital production from 2012 to 2022, and cooperate to improve the contracting processes of health units within the scope of SES-RJ. Specific objectives are: identify and describe HEMHS management contracts from 2012 to 2022, compare the evolution of amounts paid in management contracts for the operationalization of HEMHS from 2012 to 2022, analyze the evolution of HEMHS production from 2012 to 2022 and the achievement of agreed goals related to the quantitative indicators available in the management contracts and suggesting adjustments to the management contracts and the forms of monitoring and evaluation of SES-RJ, based on the lessons learned. To achieve the proposed objectives, documentary and bibliographical research was used. In the bibliographical research, we sought knowledge and deepening of the different management models of health services in Brazil, and more specifically in the State of Rio de Janeiro, with the advent of Social Organizations in the SUS. The documentary research had as its data source the normative instruments on Social Organizations in Brazil and the State of Rio de Janeiro, such as laws, decrees and ordinances, in addition to management contracts and accountability reports available on the SES-RJ website. The research results demonstrated that, throughout the period studied, the resources signed in contracts had little variation, as well as the resources actually paid. The production targets obtained demonstrated that some procedures had results superior to those contracted and other procedures had inferior results. Despite the demand for services from 2012 to 2022, video hysteroscopy, mammography and ultrasound-guided mammography procedures never achieved the agreed results. The research was also unable to establish a direct relationship between the transfer of resources and the achievement of contractual goals. (AU)

Blockchain and smart contract architecture for notaries services under civil law: a Brazilian experience.

This paper proposes a blockchain solution for some activities currently performed by notary offices under the Civil Law judiciary that is technically viable. The architecture is also planned to accommodate Brazil's legal, political, and economic requirements. Notaries are responsible for providing various intermediation services for civil transactions, where their primary role is to be the trusted party capable of guaranteeing the authenticity of these transactions. This type of intermediation is common and demanded in Latin American countries, such as Brazil, which is regulated by a Civil Law judiciary. The lack of adequate technology to meet such legal demands leads to an excess of bureaucracy, dependence on manual document and signature checks, and centralized and face-to-face actions in the physical dependence of the notary. To deal with this scenario, this work presents a blockchain-based solution to make some of the activities performed by notaries automatic, guaranteeing non-modification and adherence to civil laws. Thus, the suggested framework was evaluated in accordance with Brazilian legislation and provides an economic evaluation of the proposed solution.

Exploring self-regulation theory as a mechanism of the effects of psychological contract fulfillment: The role of emotional intelligence.

As self-regulation theory has increasingly been used as a theoretical lens to explain the effects of psychological contract evaluations and employee outcomes, we test whether emotional intelligence (an ability for self-regulation) is a potential moderator of these relationships. More concretely, using a multiple times survey design in an education-based organization with 247 participants, we examined whether emotional intelligence moderates the mediation effect of emotional exhaustion on the relationship between psychological contract fulfillment and turnover intentions. Using a structural equations model (SEM) framework, our results support our hypotheses that individuals with low emotional intelligence do not experience the benefits of having fulfilled psychological contracts. Psychological contract fulfillment significantly reduces the likelihood of emotional exhaustion but only for individuals with high emotional intelligence. Consequently, turnover intentions are lower for emotionally intelligent individuals who experience the fulfillment of psychological contracts. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. We conclude our study by suggesting that emotional intelligence should be considered as a relevant individual difference in future psychological contract research.

Marital betrayal, culture and prejudice.

In our consulting rooms we find, depending on the period, certain conditions that relate closely to current cultural prejudices. In our culture, divorce and the reconstituted family can bring both creativity but also emotional difficulty, often triggered by marital betrayal. This paper explores marital betrayal in relation to childhood experiences of fidelity, infidelity and the lack of love. It asks whether there is a cultural prejudice related to marital fidelity, and whether sexuality only belongs in a loving couple, whether this is a patriarchal contract, and what role the anima plays in a loving bond; this is related to 'altericide' and need for respect for the other, as the libido seeks 'living symbols'.

Suivant les périodes, nous retrouvons dans nos salles de consultation des situations qui ont beaucoup à voir avec les préjudices culturels en vigueur. Dans notre culture le divorce et la famille reconstituée peuvent apporter à la fois de la créativité et de la difficulté émotionnelle, souvent déclenchée par la trahison dans le couple. Cet article explore la trahison dans le couple en relation avec les expériences infantiles de fidélité, d'infidélité, et de manque d'amour. L'article s'interroge: y-a-t-il un préjudice culturel lié à la fidélité dans le couple? La sexualité appartient-elle seulement à un couple qui éprouve de l'amour? S'agit-il là d'un contrat patriarcal? Et quel rôle joue l'anima dans une relation aimante? Ceci est mis en lien avec « l'altéricide ¼ et le besoin de respect à l'égard de l'autre, alors que la libido recherche des « symboles vivants ¼.

Encontramos en nuestros consultorios, dependiendo del período, ciertas condiciones que se relacionan cercanamente con prejuicios culturales vigentes. En nuestra cultura, el divorcio y la familia reconstituida puede brindar tanto creatividad como dificultades emocionales, a menudo ambas activadas por la traición marital. El presente trabajo explora la traición marital con relación a experiencias infantiles de fidelidad, infidelidad, y de falta de amor. Pregunta si existe un prejuicio cultural respecto a la fidelidad marital, si la sexualidad solamente pertenece a la pareja amorosa, si ésta es un contrato patriarcal y que rol juega el ánima en un vínculo amoroso. Esto está relacionado al 'altericidio' y a la necesidad de respeto por el otro, a medida que la libido busca 'símbolos vivos'.

Em nossas salas de consultório encontramos, dependendo do período, certas condições que se relacionam intimamente com os preconceitos culturais atuais. Em nossa cultura, o divórcio e a família reconstituída podem trazer criatividade, mas também dificuldade emocional, muitas vezes desencadeada pela traição conjugal. Este artigo explora a traição conjugal em relação às experiências infantis de fidelidade, infidelidade e falta de amor. Pergunta se há um preconceito cultural relacionado à fidelidade conjugal e se a sexualidade pertence apenas a um casal amoroso, se este é um contrato patriarcal e qual papel a anima desempenha em um vínculo amoroso; isso está relacionado ao "altericídio" e à necessidade de respeito pelo outro, já que a libido busca "símbolos vivos".

Launching a CDMO in Brazil aiming to develop biopharmaceuticals for clinical trials.

The innovation timeline is expensive, risky, competitive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. In order to overcome such challenges and optimize financial resources, pharmaceutical companies nowadays hire contract development and manufacturing organizations (CDMO) to help them. Based on the experience acquired first from the development of two biopharmaceuticals, the Heterologous Fibrin Sealant and the Apilic Antivenom, and more recently, during their respective clinical trials; the Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP) proposed to the Ministry of Health the creation of the first Brazilian CDMO. This groundbreaking venture will assist in converting a candidate molecule - from its discovery, proof of concept, product development, up to pilot batch production - into a product. The CDMO impact and legacy will be immense, offering service provision to the public and private sector by producing validated samples for clinical trials and academic training on translational research for those seeking a position in pharmaceutical industries and manufacturing platforms.

Blockchain-Based Architecture Design for Personal Health Record: Development and Usability Study.

BACKGROUND: The importance of blockchain-based architectures for personal health record (PHR) lies in the fact that they are thought and developed to allow patients to control and at least partly collect their health data. Ideally, these systems should provide the full control of such data to the respective owner. In spite of this importance, most of the works focus more on describing how blockchain models can be used in a PHR scenario rather than whether these models are in fact feasible and robust enough to support a large number of users. OBJECTIVE: To achieve a consistent, reproducible, and comparable PHR system, we build a novel ledger-oriented architecture out of a permissioned distributed network, providing patients with a manner to securely collect, store, share, and manage their health data. We also emphasize the importance of suitable ledgers and smart contracts to operate the blockchain network as well as discuss the necessity of standardizing evaluation metrics to compare related (net)works. METHODS: We adopted the Hyperledger Fabric platform to implement our blockchain-based architecture design and the Hyperledger Caliper framework to provide a detailed assessment of our system: first, under workload, ranging from 100 to 2500 simultaneous record submissions, and second, increasing the network size from 3 to 13 peers. In both experiments, we used throughput and average latency as the primary metrics. We also created a health database, a cryptographic unit, and a server to complement the blockchain network. RESULTS: With a 3-peer network, smart contracts that write on the ledger have throughputs, measured in transactions per second (tps) in an order of magnitude close to 102 tps, while those contracts that only read have rates close to 103 tps. Smart contracts that write also have latencies, measured in seconds, in an order of magnitude close to 101 seconds, while that only read have delays close to 100 seconds. In particular, smart contracts that retrieve, list, and view history have throughputs varying, respectively, from 1100 tps to 1300 tps, 650 tps to 750 tps, and 850 tps to 950 tps, impacting the overall system response if they are equally requested under the same workload. Varying the network size and applying an equal fixed load, in turn, writing throughputs go from 102 tps to 101 tps and latencies go from 101 seconds to 102 seconds, while reading ones maintain similar values. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to evaluate, using Hyperledger Caliper, the performance of a PHR blockchain architecture and the first to evaluate each smart contract separately. Nevertheless, blockchain systems achieve performances far below what the traditional distributed databases achieve, indicating that the assessment of blockchain solutions for PHR is a major concern to be addressed before putting them into a real production.

Risk Sharing Agreement: a pilot project in the Brazilian Unified Health System

Risk Sharing Agreement is defined as an agreement in which the State agrees to offer temporary access to a new drug, while the pharmaceutical industry accepts to receive the product according to the performance of the drug in real conditions of use. Risk sharing necessarily depends on the collection of additional evidence that may refer to the therapeutic benefits or the volume of patients, according to the assessment of its use in practice. The authors described the experience of the pilot project of a Risk Sharing Agreement in the Unified Health System.

Acordo de Compartilhamento de Risco: projeto-piloto no Sistema Único de Saúde / Risk Sharing Agreement: a pilot project in the Brazilian Unified Health System

O Acordo de Compartilhamento de Risco é definido como um acordo no qual o Estado concorda em oferecer acesso temporário a um novo medicamento, enquanto a indústria farmacêutica aceita receber pelo produto conforme o desempenho do medicamento em reais condições de uso. A partilha de risco depende, necessariamente, da coleta de evidências adicionais, que podem se referir aos benefícios terapêuticos ou ao volume de pacientes, conforme avaliação de seu uso na prática. Os autores descreveram a experiência do projeto-piloto de Acordo de Compartilhamento de Risco no Sistema Único de Saúde.

Risk Sharing Agreement is defined as an agreement in which the State agrees to offer temporary access to a new drug, while the pharmaceutical industry accepts to receive the product according to the performance of the drug in real conditions of use. Risk sharing necessarily depends on the collection of additional evidence that may refer to the therapeutic benefits or the volume of patients, according to the assessment of its use in practice. The authors described the experience of the pilot project of a Risk Sharing Agreement in the Unified Health System.

Launching a CDMO in Brazil aiming to develop biopharmaceuticals for clinical trials

The innovation timeline is expensive, risky, competitive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. In order to overcome such challenges and optimize financial resources, pharmaceutical companies nowadays hire contract development and manufacturing organizations (CDMO) to help them. Based on the experience acquired first from the development of two biopharmaceuticals, the Heterologous Fibrin Sealant and the Apilic Antivenom, and more recently, during their respective clinical trials; the Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP) proposed to the Ministry of Health the creation of the first Brazilian CDMO. This groundbreaking venture will assist in converting a candidate molecule - from its discovery, proof of concept, product development, up to pilot batch production - into a product. The CDMO impact and legacy will be immense, offering service provision to the public and private sector by producing validated samples for clinical trials and academic training on translational research for those seeking a position in pharmaceutical industries and manufacturing platforms.(AU)

IoT Registration and Authentication in Smart City Applications with Blockchain.

The advent of 5G will bring a massive adoption of IoT devices across our society. IoT Applications (IoT Apps) will be the primary data collection base. This scenario leads to unprecedented scalability and security challenges, with one of the first areas for these applications being Smart Cities (SC). IoT devices in new network paradigms, such as Edge Computing and Fog Computing, will collect data from urban environments, providing real-time management information. One of these challenges is ensuring that the data sent from Edge Computing are reliable. Blockchain has been a technology that has gained the spotlight in recent years, due to its robust security in fintech and cryptocurrencies. Its strong encryption and distributed and decentralized network make it potential for this challenge. Using Blockchain with IoT makes it possible for SC applications to have security information distributed, which makes it possible to shield against Distributed Denial of Service (DDOS). IoT devices in an SC can have a long life, which increases the chance of having security holes caused by outdated firmware. Adding a layer of identification and verification of attributes and signature of messages coming from IoT devices by Smart Contracts can bring confidence in the content. SC Apps that extract data from legacy and outdated appliances, installed in inaccessible, unknown, and often untrusted urban environments can benefit from this work. Our work's main contribution is the development of API Gateways to be used in IoT devices and network gateway to sign, identify, and authorize messages. For this, keys and essential characteristics of the devices previously registered in Blockchain are used. We will discuss the importance of this implementation while considering the SC and present a testbed that is composed of Blockchain Ethereum and real IoT devices. We analyze the transfer time, memory, and CPU impacts during the sending and processing of these messages. The messages are signed, identified, and validated by our API Gateways and only then collected for an IoT data management application.

Sistema de proteção do trabalho e do trabalhador da Educação Física: porque somos contra a regulamentação da profissão / Protection system of work and Physical Education workers: why we are against the regulation of the profession / Sistema de protección del trabajo y del trabajador de la Educación Física: porque somos contra la regulación de la profesión

O texto problematiza a atuação do Conselho Federal de Educação Física e seus Conselhos Regionais de Educação Física (CONFEF/CREF) na defesa dos trabalhadores(as) da Educação Física (EF). Parte de duas perguntas: O que é a Ação de Inconstitucionalidade (ADIn) nº 3.428/2005, sua origem, seu desenvolvimento e seu estágio atual; o que é o CONFEF/CREF e sua (in)capacidade de proteger os trabalhadores(as)? Objetiva subsidiar as posições do Movimento Nacional Contra a Regulamentação do Profissional de Educação Física (MNCR), fortalecer a luta sindical, contribuir com o Movimento Sindical em Defesa do Sistema de Proteção do Trabalho e dos(as) Trabalhadores(as). Como procedimentos de investigação valemo-nos da análise documental. Demonstra que esta ADIn procede, tem respaldo constitucional e que a atuação do CONFEF/CREF não lhe concede prerrogativas que permita proteger os trabalhadores(as). Conclui pela defesa organizada do Sistema de Proteção do Trabalho e do(a) Trabalhador(a) da Educação Física a partir das organizações, considerando que a luta pelos direitos é de interesse público, porque dizem respeito à vida dos(as) trabalhadores(as).

This article discusses the role of the Federal Council of Physical Education and its Regional Councils of Physical Education in the defense of Physical Education workers. It is moved by two questions: What is the Unconstitutionality Action nº 3.428/2005, its origin, its development, and its current stage; what is CONFEF/CREF and its (in)ability to protect the workers? It aims to support the stance of the National Movement Against the Regulation of Physical Education Professionals, to strengthen the labor union in its struggle, to contribute to the Union Movement in Defense of the Labor and Workers Protection System. As our investigation procedure, we used documentary analysis. It demonstrates that this ADIn is valid, has constitutional support, and that the activity of CONFEF/CREF does not grant it prerogatives that allow it to protect the workers. It concludes by the organized defense of the Labor Protection System and the Physical Education Worker based on the associations, considering that the fight for rights is of public interest, because it concerns the life of the workers.

El artículo hace problematización a la actuación del Consejo Federal de Educación Física y sus Consejos Regionales en la defensa de los trabajadores(as) de la Educación Física. Surge de dos preguntas: ¿Lo que es la Acción de Inconstitucionalidad nº 3.428/2005, su origen, su desarrollo y su etapa actual? ¿Lo que es el CONFEF/CREF y su (in)capacidad de proteger los trabajadores(as)? Se tiene como objetivos dar aportes a las posiciones del Movimiento Nacional Contra la Regulación de la Profesional de Educación Física, fortalecer la lucha sindical, contribuir con el Movimiento Sindical en Defensa del Sistema de Protección del Trabajo y de los Trabajadores(as). Como procedimiento de investigación fue utilizada un análisis documental. Demuestra que esta ADIn es legítima, tiene respaldo constitucional y que la actuación del CONFEF/CREF no concede prerrogativas hacia la protección del trabajador(a). Concluye con la defensa organizada del Sistema de Protección Laboral y del Trabajador de Educación Física con base en las asociaciones, considerando que la lucha por los derechos es de interés público, porque atañe a la vida de los trabajadores(as).

Condiciones de empleo de un grupo de docentes en Cali, Colombia / Conditions of employment of a group of teachers in Cali, Colombia / Condições de emprego de um grupo de professores em Cali, Colômbia

RESUMEN Se presenta un estudio que describe las condiciones de empleo de un grupo de docentes que laboran en instituciones públicas, privadas y privadas con ampliación de cobertura, de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. Metodológicamente se acudió a un enfoque cuantitativo, a través de un sondeo. Como no se cuenta con un registro fiable del número total de docentes que laboran en Cali, se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico a 202 profesores por cuotas. Las cuotas correspondieron al tipo de la institución educativa y su ubicación geográfica en la ciudad. Se analizaron datos a partir de estadísticos descriptivos y análisis de correspondencia múltiples. Se encontró que las condiciones de precarización del trabajo suelen estar más relacionadas con las periferias pobres de la ciudad y con instituciones privadas de ampliación de cobertura, asociadas con jornadas laborales largas, horas de trabajo en casa no remuneradas, salarios más bajos y contratos inestables. Por otro lado, la estabilidad está asociada con la vinculación a instituciones oficiales mediante concurso de méritos, en tanto los docentes gozan de mayor estabilidad y mejores salarios. CLASIFICACIÓN JEL J2 - J23

ABSTRACT This article presents a study that aimed to describe the employment conditions of a group of teachers working in public, private and private institutions with extended coverage of the city of Cali. Methodologically, a quantitative approach was used, through a survey. Since there is no reliable record of the total number of teachers working in Cali, Colombia, a non-probabilistic sampling was carried out by fees to 202 teachers. while teachers enjoy greater stability and better salaries. The fees corresponded to the type of educational institution and its geographical location in the city. Data were analyzed from descriptive statistics and multiple correspondence analysis. It was found that the conditions of precarious work are usually more related to the poor peripheries of the city and to private institutions for the extension of coverage, associated with long working hours, hours of unpaid work at home, lower wages and unstable contracts. On the other hand, stability is associated with linking to official institutions through a merit contest. JEL CLASSIFICATION J2 - J23

RESUMO Um estudo é apresentado que descreve as condições de emprego de um grupo de professores que trabalham em instituições públicas, privadas e privadas com extensão de cobertura, da cidade de Cali, na Colômbia. Metodologicamente, foi abordada uma abordagem quantitativa, por meio de uma pesquisa. Como não há registro confiável do número total de professores trabalhando em Cali, 202 professores foram amostrados em parcelas sem um registro confiável do número total de professores trabalhando em Cali. As taxas correspondiam ao tipo da escola e sua localização geográfica na cidade. Os dados foram analisados a partir de estatísticas descritivas e análises de várias correspondências. Verificou-se que as condições precárias de trabalho tendem a estar mais relacionadas com as periferias pobres da cidade e às instituições privadas de extensão da cobertura, associadas a longas horas de trabalho, horas de trabalho não remunerado em casa, salários mais baixos e contratos instáveis. Por outro lado, a estabilidade está associada à vinculação às instituições oficiais por meio de concurso de mérito, enquanto os professores gozam de maior estabilidade e melhores salários. CLASSIFICAÇÃO JEL J2 - J23

Psicanálise crítica: a escuta do sofrimento psíquico e suas implicações sociopolíticas / Critical psychoanalysis: psychic suffering listening and its socio-political implications / Psicoanálisis crítico: la escucha del sufrimiento psíquico y sus implicaciones sociopolíticas

O processo de constituição psíquica é perpassado por discursos identificantes que modelam a imagem de si. Esse psiquismo é formado dentro de uma família pertencente a determinado grupo social. A partir da análise do conceito freudiano de mal-estar e do contrato narcísico de Aulagnier, investigamos as lógicas estabelecidas entre o sujeito e a conjuntura social. O reinvestimento narcísico pós-Édipo se pauta no Ideal-de-Eu construído a partir das interdições e dos ideais parentais e socioculturais. Discursos identificatórios hegemônicos, que ressaltam a normatividade nas identidades sexuais, de gênero, étnicas e etárias, constroem identificações marcadas pela exclusão. Pensar nos modos de identificação na contemporaneidade implica assumir que os elementos formadores dessa identidade provêm da história de vida e dos processos histórico-sociais. Neste artigo, analisamos o sofrimento sociopsíquico a partir da narrativa de uma participante de um projeto de pesquisa realizado em centro de atendimento psicológico de uma universidade pública. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais, cuja escuta clínica nos propiciou compreender as implicações sociais e políticas do sofrimento psíquico do sujeito em desamparo social. Para tanto, nos apoiamos em conceitos da psicanálise e da análise do discurso crítica para a análise das entrevistas. Observamos que o processo de exclusão social escancara o engodo do pacto social no qual o sujeito é desinvestido e lançado no desamparo. Nesse contexto, a experiência narrada e a escuta analítica crítica podem se estabelecer como estratégias de resistência ante a exclusão social...(AU)

The psyche constitution is permeated by identifying discourses that shape the image of itself. This psyche is constituted within a family belonging to a specific social group. By analyzing the Freudian concept of malaise and Aulagnier's 'narcissistic contract', we investigate the logic between the subject and the social context. The narcissistic reinvestment after Oedipus happens according to the Ideal-of-Ego constructed from the parental and social interdictions, but also following ideational cultural and parental introjection. Hegemonic identificatory discourses that emphasize normativity in sexual, gender, ethnic and age identities construct identities marked by exclusion. Thinking about the modes of identification in contemporaneity implies assuming that the elements that form this identity come from the history of life and social-historical processes. We analyzed the socio-psychic suffering from listening to the narrative of a participant in a research project carried out in a psychological care center of a public university. Individual interviews were conducted whose clinical listening enabled us to understand the social and political implications that constitute the psychic suffering of the subject in social neglect. We rely on concepts of Psychoanalysis and Critical Discourse Analysis that provided us with subsidies for the analysis of interviews. We observe that the process of social exclusion has eluded the deception of the social pact in which the subject is disinvested and cast into helplessness. In this context, narrative experience and critical analytical listening can be established as strategies of resistance to social exclusion...(AU)

La constitución psíquica es atravesada por discursos identificadores que modelan la imagen de sí. Este psiquismo se constituye dentro de una familia perteneciente a cierto grupo social. A partir del análisis del concepto freudiano del malestar y del "contrato narcisista" de Aulagnier, analizamos las lógicas establecidas entre el sujeto y la coyuntura social. La reinversión narcisista después del Edipo se basa en el Ideal-de-Yo construido a partir de prohibiciones y ideales parentales y socioculturales. Los discursos identificatorios hegemónicos que resaltan la normatividad en las identidades sexuales, de género, étnicas y de edad construyen identificaciones marcadas por la exclusión. Pensar en los modos de identificación en la contemporaneidad implica asumir que los elementos formadores de esa identidad provienen de la historia de vida y de los procesos histórico-sociales. En este artículo, analizamos el sufrimiento sociopsíquico desde la escucha de la narrativa de una participante de un proyecto de investigación realizado en centro de atención psicológica de una universidad pública. Se realizaron entrevistas cuya escucha clínica nos propició comprender las implicaciones sociales y políticas que constituyen el sufrimiento psíquico del sujeto en desamparo social. Apoyamos en conceptos del Psicoanálisis y del Análisis del Discurso Critico para analizar las entrevistas. Observamos que el proceso de exclusión social desvela el engaño del pacto social en el cual el sujeto es desinvestido y lanzado en el desamparo. En ese contexto, la experiencia narrada y la escucha analítica crítica pueden establecerse como estrategias de resistencia ante la exclusión social...(AU)

Effect of contract farming on the income and risk of pistachio and saffron producers in Iran / Efeito do cultivo sob contrato na renda e no risco dos produtores de pistache e açafrão no Irã

Contract farming is among the institutional arrangements essential for agricultural products. In most cases, these contracts lead to increased incomes and welfare of farmers. However, this type of business has not been taken seriously in Iran. This study aimed to analyze the effect of contract farming on the income and risk of the farmers income. To this end, pistachio and saffron farmers in the Yazd Province, in central Iran, were considered in the harvest year of 2017-2018. We divided the farmers into three homogeneous groups, each with different input consumption levels and production per hectare. We calibrated the cost functions of representative farmers in each group. These functions were employed to develop an ideal formal contract model and relational contract model. According to the results, formal contracts and relational contracts increased income and relational contracts reduced the risk to farmers when they were compatible with the incentive constraints of the farmer. Policymakers should provide favorable conditions for the development of contract farming. For instance, they can present contract farming to farmers and encourage agricultural enterprises to participate in contracts by facilitating access to credit and other investment incentives.(AU)

A agricultura por contrato está entre os arranjos institucionais mais essenciais para os produtos agrícolas. Esses contratos, na maioria dos casos, levam ao aumento da renda e do bem-estar dos agricultores. No entanto, esse tipo de negócio não foi levado a sério no Irã. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o efeito da agricultura contratual sobre a renda e o risco da renda do agricultor. Para esse fim, os produtores de pistache e açafrão na província de Yazd, no centro do Irã, foram considerados na safra 2017-2018. Os agricultores foram divididos em três grupos homogêneos, cada um com diferentes níveis de consumo de insumos e produtividade por hectare. Em seguida, as funções de custo dos agricultores representativos foram calibradas em cada grupo. Essas funções foram empregadas para desenvolver um modelo de contrato formal ideal e contrato relacional. De acordo com os resultados, contratos formais e contratos relacionais aumentaram a renda e os contratos relacionais reduziram o risco dos agricultores quando eles eram compatíveis com as restrições de incentivo do produtor e principal. Recomenda-se aos formuladores de políticas que forneçam condições favoráveis ao desenvolvimento da agricultura contratada. Por exemplo, eles podem familiarizar os agricultores com a agricultura contratual e incentivar as empresas agrícolas a participar de contratos, facilitando o acesso ao...(AU)

Speech as Action in the Classroom: Semiotic Regulation of Cognitive Processes / Fala-Ação na Sala de Aula: Regulação Semiótica de Processos Cognitivos

Abstract This article investigated how determined linguistic actions, the speech acts, create favorable conditions for the emergence and maintenance of Zones of Proximal Development (ZPDs), therefore of cognitive actions. A geography classroom setting of sixth year elementary school was analyzed. "The relief and its agents" was the main conversational topic. Through interactional analysis and videography, we identified patterns in the categories of speech acts used in class. Some types of speech acts were used for to maintain didactic contract and others speech acts were used to clarify school contents. These patterns provide favorable conditions for emergency and maintenance of ZPDs, which were understood as symbolic space built along the discourse of participants, and that promote learning.

Resumo Como determinadas ações linguísticas, os atos de fala, criam condições favoráveis à emergência e manutenção de ações cognitivas, as Zonas de Desenvolvimento Proximal (ZDPs)? Por meio da análise interacional e videográfica, investigou-se uma aula de geografia do sexto ano do ensino fundamental em que "o relevo e seus agentes" era o principal tópico conversacional. A partir da categorização dos atos de fala, foram observados dois padrões de organização conversacional: atos de fala voltados à manutenção do contrato didático e atos de fala direcionados aos conteúdos escolares relacionados ao tópico em curso. Tais padrões providenciam condições favoráveis à emergência e manutenção de ZDPs, compreendidas como espaços simbólicos que favorecem a aprendizagem, construídos ao longo do discurso pelos participantes.

Effect of contract farming on the income and risk of pistachio and saffron producers in Iran / Efeito do cultivo sob contrato na renda e no risco dos produtores de pistache e açafrão no Irã

Contract farming is among the institutional arrangements essential for agricultural products. In most cases, these contracts lead to increased incomes and welfare of farmers. However, this type of business has not been taken seriously in Iran. This study aimed to analyze the effect of contract farming on the income and risk of the farmers income. To this end, pistachio and saffron farmers in the Yazd Province, in central Iran, were considered in the harvest year of 2017-2018. We divided the farmers into three homogeneous groups, each with different input consumption levels and production per hectare. We calibrated the cost functions of representative farmers in each group. These functions were employed to develop an ideal formal contract model and relational contract model. According to the results, formal contracts and relational contracts increased income and relational contracts reduced the risk to farmers when they were compatible with the incentive constraints of the farmer. Policymakers should provide favorable conditions for the development of contract farming. For instance, they can present contract farming to farmers and encourage agricultural enterprises to participate in contracts by facilitating access to credit and other investment incentives.

A agricultura por contrato está entre os arranjos institucionais mais essenciais para os produtos agrícolas. Esses contratos, na maioria dos casos, levam ao aumento da renda e do bem-estar dos agricultores. No entanto, esse tipo de negócio não foi levado a sério no Irã. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o efeito da agricultura contratual sobre a renda e o risco da renda do agricultor. Para esse fim, os produtores de pistache e açafrão na província de Yazd, no centro do Irã, foram considerados na safra 2017-2018. Os agricultores foram divididos em três grupos homogêneos, cada um com diferentes níveis de consumo de insumos e produtividade por hectare. Em seguida, as funções de custo dos agricultores representativos foram calibradas em cada grupo. Essas funções foram empregadas para desenvolver um modelo de contrato formal ideal e contrato relacional. De acordo com os resultados, contratos formais e contratos relacionais aumentaram a renda e os contratos relacionais reduziram o risco dos agricultores quando eles eram compatíveis com as restrições de incentivo do produtor e principal. Recomenda-se aos formuladores de políticas que forneçam condições favoráveis ao desenvolvimento da agricultura contratada. Por exemplo, eles podem familiarizar os agricultores com a agricultura contratual e incentivar as empresas agrícolas a participar de contratos, facilitando o acesso ao...

A primeira escolarização: a participação do professor na elaboração do contrato narcísico e na institucionalização da criança / Primera escolaridad: participación del profesor en la elaboración del contrato narcisista y la institucionalización del niño / First schooling: teacher's participation in the elaboration of the narcissistic contract and institutionalization of the child / Première scolarisation: participation de l'enseignant à l'élaboration du contrat narcissique et institutionnalisation de l'enfant

O presente artigo aborda alguns processos psíquicos em ação durante o estabelecimento do laço entre a criança e o grupo social no momento de sua entrada na escola maternal. Nessa direção, cabe destacar a compreensão desenvolvida, a forma de reflexão estabelecida para estudo dos elementos abordados, a saber, como se enodam os sujeitos, grupos e instituições. Esses três elementos são analisados a partir da abordagem clínica de orientação psicanalítica em ciências da educação. A partir dessa perspectiva, observa-se que a institucionalização da criança não visa somente a produzir um aluno para o qual são transmitidos os saberes instituídos, mas também um cidadão participante da dialética instituinte/instituído dentro da instituição, contribuindo, assim, de um ponto de vista psíquico inconsciente, para o estabelecimento do contrato narcísico, o qual liga o sujeito ao grupo. Este trabalho fornece alguns elementos que auxiliam na descrição e análise de uma situação observada em uma escola de classe de pequena seção da escola maternal, com o objetivo de defender a ideia segundo a qual a institucionalização é um processo no qual participam a criança (que se institucionaliza) e o professor que, pelo seu acompanhamento, ocupa um lugar de portavoz, ou seja, um papel principal na elaboração do vínculo entre a criança, a dinâmica institucional e o grupo social.

Abordamos ciertos procesos mentales presentes en el establecimiento del vínculo entre el niño y el grupo social en el momento de su ingreso en el jardín de infancia. Proponemos algunos elementos para caracterizar el enfoque clínico de la orientación psicoanalítica en las ciencias de la educación, en la que se inscribe este trabajo y mediante la cual se busca comprender cómo se forman los sujetos, los grupos y las instituciones. Así se demuestra que la institucionalización del niño, que tiene como objetivo no solo producir un alumno a quien se transmite el conocimiento instituido, sino también a un ciudadano que participa en el establecimiento / instituto dialéctico dentro de las instituciones, contribuye inconscientemente con el establecimiento del contrato narcisista que une el sujeto y el grupo. El artículo proporciona algunos elementos descriptivos y analíticos de una situación observada en un pequeño jardín de infantes para defender la idea de que la institucionalización es un proceso en el que el participan el niño y el docente acompañamiento, ocupando un lugar de portavoz, desempeña un papel fundamental en el desarrollo del vinculo entre el niño, lo institucional y el grupo social.

In the present writing, it is a question of approaching certain mental processes at work when establishing the link between the child and the social group at the moment of its entry into the nursery school. The author starts by giving some elements to characterize the clinical approach of psychoanalytic orientation in the sciences of education in which his reflection is inscribed and by which it seeks to understand how subjects, groups and institutions are formed. Thus it shows that the institutionalization of the child, which aims not only to produce a pupil to whom instituted knowledge is transmitted but also a citizen participating in the dialectic establishing / instituted within the institutions, contributes to the psychic unconscious at the establishment of the narcissistic contract that binds the subject and the whole. The article provides some descriptive and analytical elements of a situation observed in a small nursery school class to defend the idea that if institutionalization is a process in which the child participates (which becomes institutionalized), the teaching by his accompaniment, occupying a place of spokesperson, plays a major role in the development of the report of the child to the institutional thing and the social group.

Il s'agit, dans le présent écrit, d'aborder certains processus psychiques à l'œuvre lors de l'établissement du lien entre l'enfant et le groupe social au moment de son entrée à l'école maternelle. L'auteure commence par donner quelques éléments permettant de caractériser l'approche clinique d'orientation psychanalytique en sciences de l'éducation dans laquelle s'inscrit sa réflexion et par laquelle elle cherche à comprendre comment se nouent sujets, groupes et institutions. Ainsi montre-t-elle ensuite que l'institutionnalisation de l'enfant, qui vise non seulement à produire un élève auquel sont transmis des savoirs institués mais aussi un citoyen participant à la dialectique instituant/institué au sein des institutions, contribue sur le plan psychique inconscient à l'établissement du contrat narcissique qui lie le sujet et l'ensemble. L'article fournit quelques éléments qui décrivent et analysent une situation observée dans une classe de petite section d'école maternelle pour soutenir l'idée que si l'institutionnalisation est un processus auquel participe l'enfant (qui s'institutionnalise), l'enseignant par son accompagnement, en occupant une place de porte-parole, joue un rôle majeur dans l'élaboration du rapport de l'enfant à la chose institutionnelle et au groupe social.

Global Perspective on Careers in Environmental Toxicologic Pathology: The 2019 Society of Toxicologic Pathology Annual Symposium Lunchtime Career Development Session.

A wide range of career options is available globally in the environmental toxicologic pathology (ETP) arena including academia, government, contract research organizations, and the agrichemical/chemical industry. This small and specialized subset of toxicologic pathologists addresses the effects of contaminants and pollutants on human, animal, and ecological health (One Health). Veterinary students and pathology trainees are primarily exposed to diagnostic pathology and often have limited exposure to toxicologic pathology and even less so to the issues and opportunities in environmental toxicology. The speakers provided a brief overview of global opportunities in their work sector and personal perspectives of their careers in ETP. The following panel discussion provided an opportunity to discuss issues related to careers in this specialty.

Los niveles de actuación en las relaciones de trabajo y la formación de contratos psicológicos

Resumen El contrato psicológico es un concepto clave en la comprensión de las relaciones de trabajo en la actualidad. Sin embargo, dada la pluralidad y composición de éstas por las dinámicas empresariales, la concepción sobre la formación de contratos psicológicos se hace a la vez compleja. En este sentido, se propone en este artículo teórico, el análisis de la estructuración de las relaciones de trabajo a través de diversos niveles de actuación, como encuadre para la comprensión de la formación de contratos psicológicos. Esta perspectiva permite obtener una visión más amplia y completa de la manera como funcionan las relaciones de trabajo, con el propósito de adoptar una mirada multidimensional del contrato psicológico, para poder entender que éste no se reduce a una relación diádica, sino que en su formación intervienen otros aspectos provenientes de los diversos niveles en que se configuran las relaciones de trabajo en las organizaciones.

Abstract The psychological contract is a key concept for understanding work relationships today. However, given the plurality and composition of these by business dynamics, the conception of the formation of psychological contracts becomes complex too. In this sense, current theoretical article proposes the analysis of the structuring of labor relations through different levels of action, as a framework for the understanding of the formation of psychological contracts. This perspective allows us to obtain a wider and more complete vision of how the working relationships work, all of this in order to adopt a multidimensional view of the psychological contract, in order to understand that it doesn't reduce to a dyadic relationship, but in its formation other aspects intervene from the various levels in which work relationships are configured in organizations.