Impact of marine ranching demonstration areas on regional ecological efficiency - Trial evidence based on the SCM.

The establishment of marine ranching demonstration areas is crucial for restoring offshore fishery resources, fostering ecosystem harmony, and creating blue "carbon sinks" in China. While their ecological benefits are evident, their impact on surrounding areas remains uncertain. This study takes the first batch of national marine ranching demonstration areas established in 2015 as a quasi-natural experiment and uses synthetic control methods to empirically evaluate the effects and mechanisms of their construction on regional ecological efficiency. Results show heterogeneous impacts, with positive effects in Jiangsu and Liaoning but negligible elsewhere. Mechanism analysis reveals that marine ranching demonstration areas enhance ecological efficiency through economic growth, and industrial structure optimization. Differences in marine ranching types and regulations influence their impact, with public welfare-oriented marine ranching showing greater positive effects compared to aquaculture-oriented ones. Overall, these findings hold theoretical and practical implications for advancing modern marine ranching construction.

Prevalence, serotype, antimicrobial susceptibility, contamination factors, and control methods of Salmonella spp. in retail fresh fruits and vegetables: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This research presents a comprehensive review of Salmonella presence in retail fresh fruits and vegetables from 2010 to 2023, utilizing data from recognized sources such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The study incorporates a meta-analysis of prevalence, serovar distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Additionally, it scrutinizes the heterogeneous sources across various food categories and geographical regions The findings show a pooled prevalence of 2.90% (95% CI: 0.0180-0.0430), with an increase from 4.63% in 2010 to 5.32% in 2022. Dominant serovars include S. Typhimurium (29.14%, 95% CI: 0.0202-0.6571) and S. Enteritidis (21.06%, 95% CI: 0.0181-0.4872). High resistance rates were noted for antimicrobials like erythromycin (60.70%, 95% CI: 0.0000-1.0000) and amoxicillin (39.92%, 95% CI: 0.0589-0.8020). The most prevalent ARGs were blaTEM (80.23%, 95% CI: 0.5736-0.9692) and parC mutation (66.67%, 95% CI: 0.3213-0.9429). Factors such as pH, water activity, and nutrient content, along with external factors like the quality of irrigation water and prevailing climatic conditions, have significant implications on Salmonella contamination. Nonthermal sterilization technologies, encompassing chlorine dioxide, ozone, and ultraviolet light, are emphasized as efficacious measures to control Salmonella. This review stresses the imperative need to bolster prevention strategies and control measures against Salmonella in retail fresh fruits and vegetables to alleviate related food safety risks.

A Study of the UV Spectral Features in Wine and Their Correlation with Phenolic Constituents.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectra of various types and ages of grape wines and the correlation these spectra presented with their phenolic constituents. Firstly, the differences in UV spectra were characterized for different wine samples, depending on their type and age. METHODS: The following methods were used in this study: ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry, Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method, high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Then, it was demonstrated that for identically aged wines, the 280 nm absorbance is proportional to the concentration of phenolic compounds, as determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Next, an investigation was conducted into the absorption coefficients of different phenolic classes commonly found in grapes and wine. Finally, the range in variation of phenolic compounds in various types of grape wines was established. CONCLUSIONS: This work provides a methodological approach to rapidly determine the concentration of phenolic compounds in wines using UV spectroscopy, provided that their age is known. As UV spectrophotometers are available in nearly all laboratories, this may provide a cheaper and faster alternative to current methods, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Orthorexic tendency and its association with weight control methods and dietary variety in Polish adults: a cross-sectional study.

The methods for controlling weight play a central role in formally diagnosed eating disorders (EDs) and appear to be important in the context of other nonformally recognized disorders, such as orthorexia nervosa (ON). These methods also have an impact on eating behaviors, including dietary variety. Our study aimed to: (i) assess the intensity of ON tendency by sex and BMI groups, (ii) evaluate the associations between ON tendency, weight control methods, and dietary variety, and (iii) determine the extent to which weight control methods and dietary variety contribute to the ON tendency among both females and males. Data were gathered from a sample of 936 Polish adults (463 females and 473 males) through a cross-sectional quantitative study conducted in 2019. Participants were requested to complete the ORTO-6, the Weight Control Methods Scale, and the Food Intake Variety Questionnaire (FIVeQ). Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to evaluate associations between ON tendency, weight control methods, and dietary variety. Females exhibited a higher ON tendency than males (14.4 ± 3.4 vs. 13.5 ± 3.7, p < 0.001, d = 0.25). In the regression model, the higher ON tendency was predicted by more frequent use of weight control methods, such as restricting the amount of food consumed, using laxatives, and physical exercise among both females and males as well as following a starvation diet in females, and drinking teas to aid bowel movements among males. Moreover, the higher ON tendency was predicted by higher dietary variety, lower age in both sexes, and higher level of education among males. However, there were no differences in ON tendency across BMI groups. In conclusion, the findings showed that ON tendency was predicted by a higher frequency of weight control methods commonly used by individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). The resemblance to these two EDs is also suggested by the higher intensity of ON tendency among females and younger people. However, the prediction of ON tendency by dietary variety indicates that the obsessive preoccupation with healthy eating may not be advanced enough to observe a decrease in the dietary variety among these individuals.

Comprehensive strategies for controlling Listeria monocytogenes biofilms on food-contact surfaces.

Listeria monocytogenes biofilms formed on food-contact surfaces within food-processing facilities pose a significant challenge, serving as persistent sources of cross-contamination. In this review, we examined documented cases of foodborne outbreaks and recalls linked to L. monocytogenes contamination on equipment surfaces and in the food production environment, provided an overview of the prevalence and persistence of L. monocytogenes in different food-processing facilities, and discussed environmental factors influencing its biofilm formation. We further delved into antimicrobial interventions, such as chemical sanitizers, thermal treatments, biological control, physical treatment, and other approaches for controlling L. monocytogenes biofilms on food-contact surfaces. This review provides valuable insights into the persistent challenge of L. monocytogenes biofilms in food processing, offering a foundation for future research and practical strategies to enhance food safety.

Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to the prevalence of sheep scab among communal sheep farmers in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

Background and Aim: Sheep scab is one of the most contagious diseases of sheep found in rural communities worldwide and is a major health and welfare concern for sheep farming. Information on the attitudes of communal farmers to sheep scab remains speculative in the Eastern Cape Province. This study aimed to investigate knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to the prevalence of sheep scab among communal sheep farmers in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Materials and Methods: From June to August 2022, a cross-sectional survey using a semi-structured questionnaire (n = 160) was conducted in two rural communities of the Enoch Mgijima Local Municipality in Eastern Cape Province. Purpose sampling was used to obtain respondents' knowledge, attitudes, and management practices regarding sheep scabs. Results: Among respondents, 81% were males and 19% were females. The majority of sheep farmers (59%) in both communities were aware of sheep scabs, but the majority (64%) did not receive any farming training. The majority of sheep farmers (65%) believed that sheep scab was the most serious threat to their sheep production since it increased mortality. In the past 3 years, approximately 57% of respondents reported an increase in the prevalence of sheep scab. The majority of farmers reported wool loss as the most noticeable clinical symptom (73%). More than 80% of sheep farmers do not use acaricide on a regular basis. Sixty-one percent of farmers prefer a pour-on topical application method. The frequency of annual dipping was every fortnight (40%), during summer and winter (24%). Most farmers (66%) regularly vaccinate their sheep. Conclusion: The prevalence of sheep scab is increasing in these communities; however, a better understanding of the factors that facilitate its transmission is required to allow improved management and control of this disease. The government must involve extension officers and distribute them to disseminate information to farmers. Thus, it will be easy to translate the literature into action.

Chronic cypermethrin induced toxicity and molecular fate assessment within common carp (Cyprinus carpio) using multiple biomarkers approach and its novel therapeutic detoxification.

Cypermethrin (CYP) is a chemical of emerging concern which has persistent and bioaccumulating impacts as it can be found extensively in freshwater ecosystem and agricultural products. It has exposure risk and toxic effects over human edible fish, as common carp. Four groups were designed for toxicity assessment and detoxification approach: control group (CL), CYP exposure group (CYP), CYP + 10% M. oleifera leaves and 10% M. oleifera seeds (CMO group), 10% M. oleifera leaves and 10% M. oleifera seeds (MO group). Trial period was forty days during which cohort of 240 fish in CYP and CMO group was exposed to 1/5 of 96h LC50 of CYP (0.1612 µg/L). CYP-exposed carp exhibited lower growth parameters, but carp fed with 10% M. oleifera seeds and leaves showed significant improvement in growth rate (SGR, RGR) and weight gain (WG) as compared to the control group. CYP exposure negatively affected haemato-biochemical parameters. Moreover, CYP exposure also led to oxidative stress, damaged immunological parameters, genotoxicity and histopathological damage in liver and intestinal cells. Whereas, M. oleifera supplementation has ameliorated these conditions. Thereby, supplementation with M. oleifera is potential and novel therapeutic detoxication approach for common carp and human health against persistent and bioaccumulating emerging chemicals.

Nonchemical Aquatic Weed Control Methods: Exploring the Efficacy of UV-C Radiation as a Novel Weed Control Tool.

Aquatic weeds, including invasive species, are a worldwide problem. The presence of aquatic weeds poses several critical issues, such as hindering the continuous flow of water in irrigation channels and preventing the proper distribution of adequate water quantities. Therefore, effective control measures are vital for agriculture and numerous downstream industries. Numerous methods for controlling aquatic weeds have emerged over time, with herbicide application being a widely used established method of weed management, although it imposes significant environmental risks. Therefore, it is important to explore nonchemical alternative methods to control existing and emerging aquatic weeds, potentially posing fewer environmental hazards compared with conventional chemical methods. In this review, we focus on nonchemical methods, encompassing mechanical, physical, biological, and other alternative approaches. We primarily evaluated the different nonchemical control methods discussed in this review based on two main criteria: (1) efficiency in alleviating aquatic weed problems in location-specified scenarios and (2) impacts on the environment, as well as potential health and safety risks. We compared the nonchemical treatments with the UV-C-radiation-mediated aquatic weed control method, which is considered a potential novel technique. Since there is limited published literature available on the application of UV-C radiation used exclusively for aquatic weed control, our review is based on previous reports of UV-C radiation used to successfully control terrestrial weeds and algal populations. In order to compare the mechanisms involved with nonchemical weed control methods, we reviewed respective pathways leading to plant cell death, plant growth inhibition, and diminishing reemergence to justify the potential use of UV-C treatment in aquatic habitats as a viable novel source for aquatic weed control.

Physico-chemical treatments for the removal of cyanotoxins from drinking water: Current challenges and future trends.

Cyanobacteria are highly prevalent blue-green algae that grow in stagnant and nutrient-rich water bodies. Environmental conditions, such as eutrophication and human activities, increased the cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater resources worldwide. The excessive bloom formation has also resulted in an alarming surge of cyanobacterial toxins. Prolonged exposure to cyanotoxins is a potential threat to natural ecosystems, animal and human health by the spoilage of the quality of bathing and drinking water. Various molecular and analytical methods have been proposed to monitor their occurrence and understand their global distribution. Moreover, different physical, chemical, and biological approaches have been employed to control cyanobacterial blooms and their toxins to mitigate their occurrence. Numerous strategies have been engaged in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). However, the degree of treatment varies greatly and is primarily determined by the source, water properties, and operating parameters such as temperature, pH, and cyanotoxin variants and levels. A comprehensive compilation of methods, from traditional approaches to more advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), are presented for the removal of intracellular and extracellular cyanotoxins. This review discusses the effectiveness of various physicochemical operations and their limitations in a DWTP, for the removal of various cyanotoxins. These operations span from simple to advanced treatment levels with varying degrees of effectiveness and differing costs of implementation. Furthermore, mitigation measures applied in other toxin systems have been considered as alternative strategies.

The innovation effect of green finance reform-based on the green innovation vitality perspective.

In order to develop green finance and realize the coordinated development of environment and economy, China set up green finance reform and innovation pilot zones in 2017. Taking the establishment of green finance reform and innovation pilot zones in China as an exogenous shock and based on the synthetic control method, this paper explores the impact of the pilot policies on green innovation vitality by taking five pilot provinces as the experimental group and 25 provinces without pilot policies as the control group. It is found that the pilot policy significantly enhances the level of green innovation dynamism in the pilot regions, but due to the different policy focuses, the innovation effect is immediate in Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guizhou, and Jiangxi, while the policy effect is significantly lagging behind in Xinjiang; government incentives are an important channel through which the policy enhances the green innovation dynamism; and the above findings are more significant in the samples of substantial green innovation dynamism and the eastern region. In addition, the extended economic consequences analysis shows that the pilot policy can significantly improve energy efficiency in the pilot region with a significant time lag. The findings of the study not only provide empirical evidence for the implementation effect of the green finance pilot policies, but also have practical implications for improving the green finance system and replicating and extending the green finance reform and innovation pilot zones.

The Effect of Wood Ash and Soil Applications on the Behavior and Survival of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae on Maize.

Cryptic feeding inside maize whorls makes it difficult to control fall armyworm (FAW). Smallholder farmers use alternative methods of control, of which the efficacy is uncertain. We determined the efficacy of wood ash and soil for the control of FAW and recorded its effect on larval preference and ballooning. Maize plants were artificially infested with larvae of different instars and treatments were either soil, wet ash, or dry ash, applied as single preventative or curative applications. Larvae exhibited non-preference for treated leaves in choice tests. The efficacy of treatments varied largely between experiments. Under laboratory conditions, ash treatments resulted in significant mortality of 1st and 5th instars. Dry and wet ash as curative applications for 1st instars resulted in 67 and 66% mortality, respectively, compared to mortality recorded in the control (22%). Under field conditions, survival of 3rd instars on treated plants was low (21-34%), compared to 70% on untreated plants. Due to the high variability in efficacy, the use of these alternative methods does not guarantee effective control. They do, however, have a place in IPM systems if applied as soon as infestations are observed and when larvae as still small. Recommendations on the use of ash and soil as spot treatments against FAW are provided.

Advancing herbal medicine: enhancing product quality and safety through robust quality control practices.

This manuscript provides an in-depth review of the significance of quality control in herbal medication products, focusing on its role in maintaining efficiency and safety. With a historical foundation in traditional medicine systems, herbal remedies have gained widespread popularity as natural alternatives to conventional treatments. However, the increasing demand for these products necessitates stringent quality control measures to ensure consistency and safety. This comprehensive review explores the importance of quality control methods in monitoring various aspects of herbal product development, manufacturing, and distribution. Emphasizing the need for standardized processes, the manuscript delves into the detection and prevention of contaminants, the authentication of herbal ingredients, and the adherence to regulatory standards. Additionally, it highlights the integration of traditional knowledge and modern scientific approaches in achieving optimal quality control outcomes. By emphasizing the role of quality control in herbal medicine, this manuscript contributes to promoting consumer trust, safeguarding public health, and fostering the responsible use of herbal medication products.

The impact of area level mental health interventions on outcomes for secondary school pupils: Evidence from the HeadStart programme in England.

In light of the dramatic rise in mental health disorders amongst adolescents seen in the past decade across the world, there is an urgent need for robust evidence on what works to combat this trend. This paper provides the first robust evaluation of the impacts on school outcomes of 6-year funding programme (HeadStart) for area-level mental health interventions for adolescents. Exploiting educational administrative data on ten cohorts of state-educated secondary school students, we use the synthetic control method to construct counterfactual outcomes for areas that received the funding. We show that the funding did not affect students' absenteeism or academic attainment, but it prevented around 800 students (c. 10% of students typically excluded yearly) from being excluded in its first year. The transient nature of this effect suggests that sustained funding for intervention may be a necessary but not sufficient condition to maintain programme effectiveness over time.

Effect of ginger essential oil and 6-gingerol on a multispecies biofilm of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect of ginger essential oil (GEO) and 6-gingerol on a multispecies biofilm formed by Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on a polypropylene surface. The minimum inhibitory concentration concentrations obtained for GEO were 100 and 50 mg/mL and for 6-gingerol 1.25 mg/mL. Sessile cell counts ranged within 5.35-7.35 log CFU/cm2 in the control biofilm, with the highest sessile growth at 72 h. GEO treatments acted on the total population regardless of concentration at 1 and 48 h. L. monocytogenes behaved similarly to the total population, showing GEO action at 1 h and keeping the same pattern at 48, 72, and 96 h. Better action on S. Typhimurium was obtained at times of 1, 72, and 96 h. P. aeruginosa showed logarithmic reduction only when treated with GEO 50 mg at 24 h. As for 6-gingerol, in general, there was no significant action (p > 0.05) on the evaluated sessile cells. GEO showed antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes, S. Typhimurium, and P. aeruginosa, acting as an inhibitor of biofilm formation. As for 6-gingerol, it was considered a possible antimicrobial agent but without efficacy during biofilm formation.

Hormonal and natural contraceptives: a review on efficacy and risks of different methods for an informed choice.

The debate about contraception has become increasingly important as more and more people seek safe and effective contraception. More than 1 billion women of reproductive age worldwide need a method of family planning, and wellbeing, socio-economic status, culture, religion and more influence the reasons why a woman may ask for contraception. Different contraceptive methods exist, ranging from 'natural methods' (fertility awareness-based methods - FABMs) to barrier methods and hormonal contraceptives (HCs). Each method works on a different principle, with different effectiveness.FABMs and HCs are usually pitted against each other, although it's difficult to really compare them. FABMs are a valid alternative for women who cannot or do not want to use hormone therapy, although they may have a high failure rate if not used appropriately and require specific training. HCs are commonly used to address various clinical situations, although concerns about their possible side effects are still widespread. However, many data show that the appropriate use of HC has a low rate of adverse events, mainly related to personal predisposition.The aim of this review is to summarize the information on the efficacy and safety of FABMs and HCs to help clinicians and women choose the best contraceptive method for their needs.

Stress control as a method to reduce perceived pain in oral lichen planus.

Introduction: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic, T-cell-mediated, inflammatory and non-infectious mucodermatosis. Patients diagnosed with oral lichen planus are more prone to depression, anxiety and higher perceived mental stress than the rest of the population. Aim: This study investigated stress control methods as a means of reducing pain levels in patients with oral lichen planus. Material and methods: The study involved 62 adult oral lichen planus patients who have never received any OLP treatment before. Patients with a high level of perceived mental stress received, in addition to standard pharmacological treatment, herbal sedative medication or Jacobson's Progressive Muscle Relaxation guidance (JPMR), and the patients without a high level of perceived mental stress level did not receive any additional stress control methods. The research tool was the PSS questionnaire and NRS pain level scale. Results: Before the treatment, the level of perceived pain did not differ in any of analysed groups. After the treatment, in the group not using any stress control methods, the mean NRS level was significantly higher than in the group performing Jacobson's Progressive Muscle Relaxation (2.79 ±1.76 vs. 1.08 ±1.29), and also significantly higher than in the group receiving the herbal sedative (2.79 ±1.76 vs. 1.41 ±2.06). Conclusions: The use of mental stress control methods as an additional element of therapy has a positive effect on the success of oral lichen planus treatment since it helps to reduce the perceived pain level in the oral mucosa better than a standard pharmacological therapy alone.

Methodologies for Scalable Production of High-Quality Purified Small Extracellular Vesicles from Conditioned Medium.

The development of an extracellular vesicles (EV)-based therapeutic product requires the implementation of reproducible and scalable, purification protocols for clinical-grade EV. Commonly used isolation methods including ultracentrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, and polymer-based precipitation, faced limitations such as yield efficiency, EV purity, and sample volume. We developed a GMP-compatible method for the scalable production, concentration, and isolation of EV through a strategy involving, tangential flow filtration (TFF). We applied this purification method for the isolation of EV from conditioned medium (CM) of cardiac stromal cells, namely cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) which has been shown to possess potential therapeutical application in heart failure. Conditioned medium collection and EV isolation using TFF demonstrated consistent particle recovery (~1013 particle/mL) enrichment of small/medium-EV subfraction (range size 120-140 nm). EV preparations achieved a 97% reduction of major protein-complex contaminant and showed unaltered biological activity. The protocol describes methods to assess EV identity and purity as well as procedures to perform downstream applications including functional potency assay and quality control tests. The large-scale manufacturing of GMP-grade EV represents a versatile protocol that can be easily applied to different cell sources for wide range of therapeutic areas.

Emission characteristics of condensable particulate matter (CPM) from FCC flue gas.

Particulate matter (PM) as a major air pollutant, generally includes filterable particulate matter (FPM) and condensable particulate matter (CPM). CPM has gradually attracted widespread attention recently, due to its increasing proportion in total PM emissions. Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units, the main emission source in refineries, mostly use wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD), which will produce a large amount of CPM. However, CPM emission and composition of FCC units are actually unclear. In this work, we aimed to understand the emission characteristics of CPM in FCC flue gas and provide some potential control strategies. Here, the stack tests of three typical FCC units were conducted to monitor FPM and CPM, and the field monitoring FPM results are higher than the concentration provided by Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS). The emission of CPM is at a high-level concentration from 28.88 to 86.17 mg/Nm3, divided into inorganic fraction and organic fraction. The inorganic fraction is mainly composed in CPM, where water-soluble ions including SO42-, Na+, NH4+, NO3-, CN-, Cl-, and F-, are the major contributors. Moreover, a variety of organic compounds are detected as qualitative analysis of organic fraction in CPM, which can be roughly classified into alkanes, esters, aromatics, and others. Finally, on the basis of the understanding of the characteristics of CPM, we have proposed two strategies for CPM control. This work is expected to advance CPM emission regulation and control in FCC units.

Orobanche crenata: A Bibliometric Analysis of a Noxious Parasitic Plant.

Orobanche crenata is a parasitic weed representing a serious constraint to crop production in the Mediterranean basin. Here, we aim to evaluate the global scientific research status and trends of O. crenata through a bibliometric analysis to identify prominent research themes, development trends, and major contributors in terms of authors, institutions, countries, and journals. In the span of 53 years, from 1968 to 2021, 274 articles related to this field were retrieved from Scopus database and were analyzed using VOSviewer and BiblioShiny software. Results showed that 70.4% of all articles on O. crenata have been published in the last two decades. "Control methods" was the most prevalent research theme with 55.9% of all articles. Weed Research is the most influential journal. The countries with the highest number of articles were Spain, Egypt, and Italy. The Institute for Sustainable Agriculture is the most involved institution, contributing to 31.7% of all articles, and authors from Spain were the most productive. The latest research literature (5 years) was performed mainly by authors from Spain, Morocco, and Tunisia, emphasizing the persistence of this constraint in these countries. Keyword analysis revealed that "Vicia faba", "germination", and "legumes" are the most researched hotspots. Despite the growing collaborative behavior in this area, cooperation between countries is still deficient and should be extended to countries that are recently affected by this scourge to exchange expertise already acquired by experienced researchers, thus allowing better worldwide control of this parasitic weed.

Current Downhole Corrosion Control Solutions and Trends in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Review.

In the oil and gas industry, the presence of aggressive fluids and gases can cause serious corrosion problems. Multiple solutions have been introduced to the industry to minimize corrosion occurrence probability in recent years. They include cathodic protection, utilization of advanced metallic grades, injection of corrosion inhibitors, replacement of the metal parts with composite solutions, and deposition of protective coatings. This paper will review the advances and developments in the design of corrosion protection solutions. The publication highlights crucial challenges in the oil and gas industry to be solved upon the development of corrosion protection methods. According to the stated challenges, existing protective systems are summarized with emphasis on the features that are essential for oil and gas production. Qualification of corrosion protection performance based on international industrial standards will be depicted in detail for each type of corrosion protection system. Forthcoming challenges for the engineering of next-generation materials for corrosion mitigation are discussed to highlight the trends and forecasts of emerging technology development. We will also discuss the advances in nanomaterial and smart material development, enhanced ecological regulations, and applications of complex multifunctional solutions for corrosion mitigation which have become of great importance in recent decades.