ABSTRACT
El Rotavirus es causa habitual de diarrea grave en niños pequeños a nivel mundial. Las manifestaciones clínicas incluyen: diarrea líquida, fiebre, y vómitos, llevando a estados de deshidratación y típica gastroenteritis; además pueden presentar múltiples complicaciones neurológicas, como convulsiones febriles o afebriles. La prevalencia real de estas convulsiones oscilaría entre el 2 y 6%. La fisiopatología de las mismas es aún incierta, pero se han propuesto teorías que intentan explicar un posible mecanismo, entre las que estarían involucrados factores genéticos, raciales, distribución de serotipos, factores pro-convulsivos e incluso alteraciones de la barrera hematoencefálica. Si bien este es un síndrome cuya etiología no es única, se tomará en cuenta la infección por rotavirus ya que este se ha identificado con mayor frecuencia, sobre todo en pacientes afebriles, evitando así procedimientos e intervenciones innecesarias para su diagnóstico.
The Rotavirus is common cause of severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. Clinical manifestations include: liquid diarrhea, fever, and vomiting, leading to states of dehydration and typical gastroenteritis; In addition, they may present multiple neurological complications, such as febrile seizures or afebrile seizures. The actual prevalence of these seizures would range between 2 and 6%. Their pathophysiology is still uncertain, but theories have been proposed that try to explain a possible mechanism, including genetic factors, racial, serotype distribution, pro-convulsive factors and even alterations of the blood-brain barrier. Although this is a syndrome whose etiology is not unique, rotavirus infection will be taken into account since it has been identified more frequently, especially in afebrile patients, thus avoiding unnecessary procedures and interventions for its diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Rotavirus Infections , GastroenteritisABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Para-infectious seizures are afebrile seizures that are associated with mild infections, and occur in children with no pre-existing neurological illness. They are still little known in our environment. METHODS: A multicentre retrospective study was conducted that included patients with normal psychomotor development and had presented with one or more seizures in the context of a mild afebrile infection. RESULTS: A total of 38 patients (47% male, 53% female) were included in the study over a period of three years (2012-2015). The mean age was 2.1 years. A previous history of febrile seizures was found in 7.9% of them. Mean number of seizures per patient was 2.2, with 57.9% of them being tonic-clonic seizures. The mean duration of seizures was 3.2minutes. An EEG was performed during admission in 73.7% of cases. Lumbar punctures were performed in 34.2% of cases. All were normal. Neuroimaging tests were carried out in 36.9% of cases. Brain MRI was the imaging test performed in most cases (21.1%), with no any pathological findings. The most frequent infection found was acute gastroenteritis (68%), followed by upper respiratory tract infection (32%). Almost two-thirds (63.2%) of patients did not require anticonvulsant medication. Rectal diazepam was the most frequently used drug in emergencies. Intravenous medication was required by 28.9% of patients due to repeated seizures. The most frequently used drug in the non-emergency setting was valproic acid. Anticonvulsant treatment was continued after discharge in 16% of patients. Para-infectious seizures was the diagnosis in 76.3% of cases when discharged. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of para-infectious seizures, their clinical diagnosis and benign course is crucial, as this would avoid further testing and unnecessary treatments.
Subject(s)
Infections/complications , Seizures/etiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infections/diagnosis , Infections/therapy , Male , Retrospective Studies , Seizures/diagnosis , Seizures/epidemiology , Seizures/therapyABSTRACT
La gastroenteritis por rotavirus es la más frecuente de las diarreas infecciosas y ocasiona una importante morbimortalidad en los niños pequeños, además de deshidratación grave y desequilibrios electrolíticos; los signos extraintestinales son infrecuentes. Recientemente se han comunicado convulsiones afebriles asociadas con gastroenteritis por rotavirus, sin encefalopatía, deshidratación, desequilibrio electrolítico o hipoglucemia. Comunicamos el caso de un paciente con convulsiones durante una gastroenteritis por rotavirus, una infección habitual en nuestro país (Turquía), con diversas manifestaciones clínicas, entre ellas, las convulsiones, que pueden verse no sólo en los niños con enfermedades neurológicas o sistémicas sino también en los niños sanos.
Rotavirus is the most common infectious diarrhea that causes important mortality and morbidities in small children, severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Extraintestinal signs are rare in rotavirus infections. Recently, afebrile seizures associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis but without encephalopathy, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance or hypoglycemia have being reported. In this article, the fact that rotavirus, which is seen commonly in our country, can be confronted with various clinical manifestations was emphasized by reminding that it can be seen not only in infants with neurologic and systemic disease but also in healthy infants.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Gastroenteritis/complications , Gastroenteritis/virology , Rotavirus Infections/complications , Seizures/etiologyABSTRACT
La gastroenteritis por rotavirus es la más frecuente de las diarreas infecciosas y ocasiona una importante morbimortalidad en los niños pequeños, además de deshidratación grave y desequilibrios electrolíticos; los signos extraintestinales son infrecuentes. Recientemente se han comunicado convulsiones afebriles asociadas con gastroenteritis por rotavirus, sin encefalopatía, deshidratación, desequilibrio electrolítico o hipoglucemia. Comunicamos el caso de un paciente con convulsiones durante una gastroenteritis por rotavirus, una infección habitual en nuestro país (Turquía), con diversas manifestaciones clínicas, entre ellas, las convulsiones, que pueden verse no sólo en los niños con enfermedades neurológicas o sistémicas sino también en los niños sanos.(AU)
Rotavirus is the most common infectious diarrhea that causes important mortality and morbidities in small children, severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Extraintestinal signs are rare in rotavirus infections. Recently, afebrile seizures associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis but without encephalopathy, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance or hypoglycemia have being reported. In this article, the fact that rotavirus, which is seen commonly in our country, can be confronted with various clinical manifestations was emphasized by reminding that it can be seen not only in infants with neurologic and systemic disease but also in healthy infants.(AU)
