ABSTRACT
Parochial altruism, taking individual costs to benefit the in-group and harm the out-group, has been proposed as one of the mechanisms underlying the human ability of large-scale cooperation. How parochial altruism has evolved remains unclear. In this review paper, we formulate a parochial cooperation model in small-scale groups and examine the model in wild chimpanzees. As suggested for human parochial altruism, we review evidence that the oxytocinergic system and in-group cooperation and cohesion during out-group threat are integral parts of chimpanzee collective action during intergroup competition. We expand this model by suggesting that chimpanzee parochial cooperation is supported by the social structure of chimpanzee groups which enables repeated interaction history and established social ties between co-operators. We discuss in detail the role of the oxytocinergic system in supporting parochial cooperation, a pathway that appears integral already in chimpanzees. The reviewed evidence suggests that prerequisites of human parochial altruism were probably present in the last common ancestor between Pan and Homo. This article is part of the theme issue 'Intergroup conflict across taxa'.
Subject(s)
Altruism , Pan troglodytes , Animals , Cooperative Behavior , Family , Group Processes , HumansABSTRACT
Green Belt and Road development has gradually become a global consensus, and the quantitative assessment of the green development level constitutes the basis for building a green Belt and Road high-quality development path in practice. In this paper, the Belt and Road Green development index (BRGI) was proposed in three dimensions, i.e., green nature, green economy and green society, to evaluate the green development spatial and temporal characteristics of the 80 participating countries in the Belt and Road Initiative from 2010 to 2018, and based on the quadrant method, green development cooperation model was established. The results showed: (1) In 2018,the average BRGI of participating countries is 54.38, and more than half of the countries have not reached the average level; From a regional perspective, the green development level in Europe is the highest, followed by Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia, and it is the lowest in South Asia and Africa. (2) At the considered time scale, the green development level in the Belt and Road participation countries has been increased from 2010 to 2018. (3) The green Belt and Road development cooperation modes can be divided into the all-round high-level energy attraction cooperation model, systematic win-win cooperation model for the whole field, three-dimensional refined empowerment cooperation model and multilevel high-trust cooperation. According to the different cooperation modes, the study also provides policy recommendations to promote for green development.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the effectiveness of multidisciplinary cooperation model-based preoperative visit on the and psychological stress of patients who undergo surgery for the first time.@*Methods@#A total of 100 patients who undergo surgery for the first time in the Central Hospital of Xiaogan between July 2018 and December 2018 were enrolled in the present study. Fifty patients were assigned to the research group and another 50 patients to the control group according to the random number table method. Patients in the control group received traditional one-to-one peroperative visit, while multidisciplinary cooperation model-based preoperative visit was carried out in the research group. The changes of fear scores, Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores, stress and coping mode as well as knowledge related to operation were compared before and after visit intervention.@*Results@#VAS scores in the research group after preoperative visit (6.05±1.11) and enter the operating room (7.32±1.09) were significantly higher than those in the control group (6.77±0.67 and 8.22±1.37), the difference was statistically significant (t=3.881, 3.527, P<0.05). After preoperative visit, the socres of SAS (38.65±4.42), SDS (40.38±3.87), avoidance and resignation (10.53±1.37 and 6.09±0.80) in the research group were lower than those in the control group (45.25±3.08, 46.49±4.62 and 12.68±1.98, 7.37±0.84), (t=6.129-8.453, P<0.05). The scores of confronce (22.61±3.87) and knowledge related to operation (44.00±5.36) in the research group were higher than those in the control group (18.70±2.97 and 40.02±6.30), there were significant differences between the two groups (t=5.518, 3.313, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Multidisciplinary cooperation model-based might be a useful preoperative visit model in decreasing the levels of psychological stress and promoting surgical cognition in patients undergoing surgery for the first time.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical effect of multidisciplinary cooperation model on the recovery of limb function of hemiplegic patients with acute stroke.Methods From March 2016 to March 2017,78 patients with acute stroke hemiplegia in the First People＇s Hospital of Huainan were selected,and they were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to the digital table,with 39cases in each group.The control group was given conventional treatment and nursing of neurology.The observation group was involved in multidisciplinary cooperative rehabilitation intervention early on the basis of the control group.The Barthel index was used to assess the patients＇daily living ability (ADL) after treatment and multidisciplinary cooperative rehabilitation interventions in the two groups,and the recovery of hemiplegia＇s limb function and sequelae were analyzed.Results Before intervention,the Barthel index of the observation group and the control group were (38.57 ±3.34) and (38.67 ±5.17 ) respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant (t＝1.78,P＞0.05).After intervention,the Barthel index of the observation group and the control group was (58.49 ±2.35) and (47.03 ±4.46),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant ( t ＝4.36,P ＜0.05 ).The satisfaction rate of the observation group was 100.00%,which of the control group was 82.05%,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2＝7.69,P＜0.01).Conclusion The intervention of multidisciplinary cooperation in the early intervention of hemiplegic limb function rehabilitation in acute stroke patients can obviously reduce the incidence of hemiplegic limb sequelae,and can improve the compliance and continuity of the later rehabilitation treatment of the patients with limb hemiplegia,and play a very active and effective role in the recovery of paralyzed limb function,and can improve the quality of life of patients,it is worthy of popularization and application in clinic.
ABSTRACT
The strategies for constructing pharmaceutical subject repository union in China and the development trend of pharmaceutical subject repository union were studied form the aspects of its cooperation models, platform building, resources acquisition and organization, access policy formation;copyright, quality control, and fund source.The cooperation models were divided into centralized storage model, distribution acquisition model and hierarchical construction model.Pharmaceutical subject repository union platform was built according to the different cooperation models.
ABSTRACT
The geriatric trauma working party, a subgroup of the German Society of Trauma Surgery (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie, DGU), focuses on the challenges of geriatric fractures, which are steadily increasing due to demographic changes. Inherent comorbidities implicate perioperative complications leading to loss of mobility and endangered independence followed by an increased burden on the social services. An interdisciplinary approach is required. The geriatric trauma working party defined criteria for interdisciplinary treatment and comprehensive care as well as early rehabilitation in interdisciplinary geriatric fracture centers. By passing an independent audit process these centers can achieve certification as a geriatric trauma center DGU (AltersTraumaZentrum DGU). Certified centers can participate in a recently established geriatric fracture registry which includes an internationally consented data set. Audit and registry enable centers to acquire an international benchmark, ensure permanent improvement in quality and allow participation in health services research.
Subject(s)
Fractures, Bone/diagnosis , Fractures, Bone/therapy , Health Services for the Aged/organization & administration , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Registries , Trauma Centers/organization & administration , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Germany , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Models, OrganizationalABSTRACT
Objective To reveal the main authors, institutions and countries and analyze their cooperation models by plotting the cooperation network knowledge map of highly cited papers on diabetes mellitus published in 2004-2013 .Methods The cooperation network knowledge map was plotted using the visual software Citespace for the au-thors , institutions and countries that published highly cited papers on diabetes mellitus in 2004-2013 .Results The core authors were Graham Nichol, SM Grundy and Hertzel C.Gerstein, etc.The cooperation in teams was close while the cooperation between teams was rare.The core institutions were Harvard University, Brigham and Womens Hospital, University of Sydney, etc.Universities played the important role in scientific research.The most influential countries were USA, Britain and Canada which had a very close cooperation between each other.Conclusion Single point type, double core type, development type and complete type are the cooperation models of authors, institutions and countries that published highly cited papers on diabetes mellitus in 2004-2013.Geoproperty-and institutional property-based cooperation is still in its infancy, cooperation and exchange should thus be strengthened between cities, between universities, between medical institutions , between general institutions and scientific institutions .
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a seniors' oral health promotion program for establishing a cooperation model between public and private sectors. METHODS: This study was carried out targeting the seniors frequenting a community center in the Sosa-gu district of Bucheon-si in the Gyeonggi-do province of South Korea. Data were obtained from self-administered questionnaires or personal interviews with elders after they participated in the oral health promotion program. Their perceived satisfaction with their oral health before and after the oral health program was compared. The data were analyzed by t-tests, ANOVA, paired t-tests, and logistic regression using SPSS to assess the effects of explanatory factors on the seniors' satisfaction of the oral health promotion program. RESULTS: In total, 22.7% of participants had a positive idea about the oral health promotion program before their participation. The mean score of change in and difference of satisfaction with oral health tended to increase in each of the following groups: women, aged 80-84 years, number of permanent teeth, full denture wearers, and those who did not require dentures. Satisfaction notably increased 0.4 points in the group of full denture wearers (P<0.05). Moreover, after 1 month, the satisfaction level of the subjects who participated in the oral health promotion program increased 5.2 times (95% CI, 1.04-25.49) compared to dissatisfaction levels. Ultimately, satisfaction with oral health shows a major impact on the satisfaction with an oral health promotion program. CONCLUSIONS: The subjects who received the oral health promotion program responded very positively, but this program needs overall consideration about work processes and further reliable evaluations.
