Strategic Task Decomposition in Joint Action.

The core of human cooperation is people's ability to perform joint actions. Frequently, this requires effectively decomposing a joint task into individual subtasks, for example, when jointly shopping at the market to buy food. Surprisingly, little is known about how collaborators balance the costs of establishing a joint strategy for such decompositions and its expected benefits for a joint goal. We created a new online task that required pairs of randomly matched participants to jointly collect colored items. We then systematically varied the cognitive costs and benefits of applying a color-splitting strategy. The results showed that pairs adopted a color-splitting strategy more often when necessary to lower cognitive costs. However, once the strategy was jointly adopted, it continued to be used even when the cost-benefits changed. Our results provide first insights on how people decompose joint tasks into individual components and how decomposition strategies may evolve into conventions.

Research on the status and implication of the health cooperation between China and countries along " Belt and Road" / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective:To summarize and analyze the status of health cooperation achievement strategies between China and the countries along the "Belt and Road",determine the implications thereof, and provide reference for future practical cooperation between the China and those countries in the field of health. Methods : The relevant literature was retrieved from the research database from articles published in both Chinese and English during the period from 2013 to 2017, and the literature research method was used to summarize the status quo of health cooperation. Results : According to the exclusion criteria, 116 articles were selected. The analysis showed that the main research focus falls in the following seven aspects for both domestic and foreign scholars : The dissemination of Chinese medicine culture promotes international cooperation in Chinese medicine; the prevention and control of infectious diseases needs to further strengthen the construction of international mechanisms; the health services and systems requiremutual learning from international experience; health industry has broad prospects for development; health emergency cooperation encounters the problem of inadequate coordination mechanisms and language barriers; the research on health development assistance goes deep; and health professionals training focuses on training mode. Conclusions: The existing research topics were of great coverage in range and had the highest attention to Chinese medicine,yet least considered talent cultivation. The research showed that cooperation in various health departments emphasized on international experience and the joint participation of the government and civil society. However, the research on laws and regulations, international conventions and practices, and different families' cooperation requirements related with health cooperation mechanisms need to be further strengthened.