Characterization of volatile profile from different coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) varieties via HS-SPME/GC-MS combined with E-nose analyzed by chemometrics.

Headspace-solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) and electronic nose (E-nose) technologies were implemented to characterize the volatile profile of aerial part from 40 coriander varieties. A total of 207 volatile compounds were identified and quantified, including aldehydes, alcohols, terpenes, hydrocarbons, esters, ketones, acids, furans, phenols and others. E-nose results showed that W5S and W2W were representative sensors responding to coriander odor. Among all varieties, the number (21-30 species) and content (449.94-1050.55 µg/g) of aldehydes were the highest, and the most abundant analytes were (Z)-9-hexadecenal or (E)-2-tetratecenal, which accounted for approximately one-third of the total content. In addition, 37 components were determined the characteristic constituents with odor activity values (OAVs) ≥ 1, mainly presenting citrusy, fatty, soapy and floral smells. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) could effectively distinguish different varieties. This study provided a crucial theoretical basis for flavor evaluation and quality improvement of coriander germplasm resources.

The protective effects of some herbs on mitigating HFD-induced obesity via enhancing biochemical indicators and fertility in female rats.

The potential of plant-based diets and drugs to prevent and control obesity has been attributed to the presence of several biologically active phytochemicals. The study aimed to assess herb consumption's impact on alleviating the risks and hazards associated with obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and the promotion of fertility. Eighty rats were allocated into four distinct groups. Group 1 (G1) was provided with a basal diet and acted as the control group. Group 2 (G2) was provided with an HFD. Group 3 (G3) was provided with HFD supplemented with chia seeds and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. The fourth group of subjects was provided with HFD supplemented with Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) and Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander). The feeding session was sustained for 10 weeks, and the biochemical parameters were evaluated. The administration of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) and Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) (G4) resulted in a more significant reduction in all biochemical parameters compared to G3, which received a diet consisting of chia seeds and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Additionally, the average number of embryonic lobes and the average number of offspring after birth were found to be considerably more significant in the normal control group (G1) and group (G4) compared to the HFD group (G2) and group (G3) (P < 0.01). Group 4 (G4) was administered a diet enriched with Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) and Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander), which demonstrated superior outcomes in many biochemical indicators and the promotion of fertility in obese female rats.

Fitorremediación con Brassicaceae y Apiaceae en suelos contaminados con metales pesados

Introducción: La cuenca media del río Bogotá viene sufriendo contaminación por metales pesados debido a los vertidos industriales. Esta fuente de agua ha sido utilizada para el riego de cultivos de ciclo corto, lo que ha provocado la contaminación por metales pesados de los suelos productivos. Objetivo: Evaluar un proceso de fitorremediación con las especies de Brócoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) y Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L.) en suelos contaminados con metales pesados en Mosquera, Colombia. Métodos: El muestreo se realizó con un diseño factorial al azar: a) proporciones de cilantro/brócoli (30 cilantro/70 brócoli, 50/50, 70 cilantro/30 brócoli y dos controles de tipo monocultivo de cada especie) y b) tiempo de fitorremediación (3, 6 y 9 meses), cada tratamiento con cuatro parcelas experimentales. El suelo y el tejido vegetal se analizó mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica para determinar la concentración de los metales pesados. Resultados: Las concentraciones de metales pesados en las muestras de tejido vegetal para brócoli y cilantro mostraron valores de Cd, Pb y Cr más altos que Hg y As, respecto al control. Las concentraciones de Cd, Pb y Cr presentaron valores significativamente más altos (P < 0.05) en suelos con cilantro y brócoli mezclados, respecto al sitio de control donde la concentración de Cd registró niveles significativamente más bajos que en los otros suelos. Las concentraciones de Cd, Pb y Cr fueron más altas en tejidos de cilantro y en suelos con cilantro en comparación con el control. Conclusiones: La fitorremediación por medio de las especies Brassica oleracea var. itálica Plenck y Coriandrum sativum L. en proporciones 70/30 o 30/70 a suelos con pH entre 5.5 y 6.0 permiten una buena recuperación de suelos con contenidos de metales pesados en términos de concentraciones altas a cortos plazos, iniciando la biorremediación a los tres meses y finalizando cargas de disponibilidad variable a los nueve meses.

Introduction: The middle basin of the Bogotá River has been suffering from heavy metal contamination due to industrial discharges. This water source has been used to irrigate short-cycle crops, which has resulted in heavy metal contamination of productive soils. Objective: To evaluate a phytoremediation process with the plant species Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica plenck) and Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L.) in soils contaminated with heavy metals in Mosquera, Colombia. Methods: Sampling was performed with a randomized factorial design: a) cilantro/broccoli proportions (30 cilantro/70 broccoli, 50/50, 70 cilantro/30 broccoli and two monoculture type controls of each species) and b) phytoremediation time (3, 6 and 9 months), each treatment with four experimental plots. Soil and plant tissue were analyzed in the laboratory by atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine the concentration of heavy metals. Results: The concentrations of heavy metals in plant tissue samples for broccoli and cilantro showed higher values of Cd, Pb and Cr than Hg and As, with respect to the control. The concentrations of Cd, Pb and Cr presented significantly higher values (P < 0.05) in soil where there was a mixed presence of cilantro and broccoli, with respect to the control site where the concentration of Cd registered significantly lower levels than in the other soils. Finally, Cd, Pb and Cr concentrations were higher in cilantro tissues and in soils with cilantro compared to the control. Conclusions: Phytoremediation by means of Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck and Coriandrum sativum L. in 70/30 or 30/70 proportions in soils with pH between 5.5 and 6.0 allows a good recovery of soils with heavy metal contents in terms of high concentrations in short terms, starting bioremediation after three months and ending loads of variable availability after nine months.

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil obtained from the fruit of Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander oil) (FEFANA asbl).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of an essential oil obtained from the fruit of Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander oil), when used as a sensory additive in feed for all animal species. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that the use of coriander oil is safe up to the maximum proposed use levels of 30 mg/kg complete feed for piglets, pigs for fattening, sows, veal calves (milk replacer), cattle for fattening, sheep, goats and horses, salmonids, dogs and ornamental fish. For the other species, the calculated safe concentrations in complete feed are: 14 mg/kg for chickens for fattening, 28 mg/kg for laying hens, 26 mg/kg for turkeys for fattening, 28 mg/kg for rabbits and 14 mg/kg for cats. These conclusions were extrapolated to physiologically related species. For any other species, the additive was considered safe at 14 mg/kg complete feed. The proposed conditions of use for veal calves (10 mg/kg) and ruminants, horses and dogs (5 mg/kg) were considered safe provided that the use in water for drinking alone or in combination with the use in feed should not exceed the daily amount that is considered safe when consumed via feed alone. No concerns for consumers and the environment were identified following the use of coriander oil up to the maximum proposed use level in feed. Coriander oil should be considered as irritant to skin and eyes and the respiratory tract and as a dermal and respiratory sensitiser. Since C. sativum and its preparations are recognised to flavour food and its function in feed would be essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.

The Effects of Coriandrum sativum L. and Cucurbita pepo L. against Gastrointestinal Parasites in Swine: An In Vivo Study.

Parasitic diseases are responsible for substantial losses in reproduction and productivity in swine, creating a major impairment to efficient and profitable livestock management. The use of phytotherapeutic remedies has notably increased over the past decade due to their bioavailability, decreased toxicity, non-polluting nature, and to some extent due to their antiparasitic effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiparasitic potential of Cucurbita pepo L. and Coriandrum sativum L. against protozoa and nematodes found in swine. The samples were collected from weaners, fatteners, and sows and examined via flotation (Willis and McMaster), active sedimentation, Ziehl-Neelsen staining as modified by Henricksen, a modified Blagg method, and eggs/oocyst culture. The parasite species detected were Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, Oesophagostomum spp., Balantioides coli (syn. Balantidium coli), Eimeria spp., and Cryptosporidium spp., depending on age category. A dose of 500 mg/kg bw/day of C. pepo and 170 mg/kg bw/day of C. sativum powders, administered for ten consecutive days, demonstrated a pronounced anthelmintic (pumpkin) and antiprotozoal (coriander) effect against the aforementioned parasites. Future studies are required to ascertain the optimal dose that maximizes their antiparasitic effectiveness. The current study represents the first Romanian report on the in vivo antiparasitic activity of these two plants tested on digestive parasites in swine.

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) Polyphenols and Their Nutraceutical Value against Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome.

Coriander is a widely used plant for its medicinal and biological properties. Both coriander essential oil and extracts are interesting sources of bioactive compounds and are widely used as spices in culinary practice due to their exclusive aroma and flavour. We focus our attention on coriander extracts that are rich in polyphenols. It is well known that plant polyphenols possess different biological activities and several functional foods contain this class of compounds. The polyphenol profile in an extract can be influenced by the plant part studied, the method of extraction and other parameters. This study performs a literature review using the words "coriander", "polyphenols" and "extraction" or "biological activity" in different databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus. After that, we focus on the evidence of coriander polyphenols as protective agents against some inflammation-related diseases. Due to the bioactivities of coriander extract, this herb can be considered a valuable functional food against obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes.

Phenolic constitutents, antioxidant and repellent activities of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) fruits using different solvent extracts.

The organic solvent extracts (hexane, chloroform, acetone, methanol and water) of coriander fruits were reported for their antioxidant and repellent activities. The methanol and acetone extracts revealed the highest antiradical activity as compared to the other solvent extracts. HPLC analysis revealed that phenolic acids were the major compounds in chloroform and acetone extracts, whereas flavonoids in methanol and water extracts. The methanol extract of coriander fruits exhibited the highest repellent effect against coleopteran insects. Additionally, the hexane extract of coriander fruits also exhibited potent repellent and toxic activities against rice weevil. It appeared that coriander fruit extract obtained with the apolar solvent had more repellent potential against Sitophilus oryzae as compared to Tribolium castaneum. For Lasioderma serricorne, the methanol extract of coriander fruits reduced in a very significant way the adults followed by the chloroform and hexane extracts.

Anti­osteoclastogenic effects of Coriandrum sativum L. via the NF­κB and ERK­mediated NFATc1 signaling pathways.

Coriandrum sativum L. (CSL) is an aromatic plant that belongs to the Apiaceae family. The present study aimed to determine the effects of the ethanol extract of the aerial part of CSL on osteoclast formation in vitro and in vivo, and the underlying molecular mechanism of its anti­osteoclastogenic effect. The levels of osteoclast formation and bone resorption were evaluated by tartrate­resistant acid phosphatase staining and bone resorption pit assays. The expression levels of osteoclast­related molecules were analyzed by reverse transcription­quantitative PCR and western blotting. The ethanol extract of CSL suppressed osteoclast formation in a mouse co­culture system. In osteoblasts, CSL exerted a minor effect on the mRNA ratio of receptor activator of nuclear factor­κB (NF­κB) ligand (RANKL) to osteoprotegerin, suggesting a direct effect of CSL on osteoclast precursors. Notably, CSL inhibited RANKL­induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption activity in bone marrow­derived macrophage cultures. Mechanistically, CSL abolished RANKL­induced NF­κB and extracellular signal­regulated kinase (ERK) MAPK activation, which effectively impaired the induction of c­Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc1). Finally, the ethanol extract of CSL prevented osteoclast formation in a lipopolysaccharide­induced calvarial bone loss model in vivo. The findings of the present study suggested that CSL may suppress osteoclast differentiation and function by downregulating the NF­κB and ERK/c­Fos/NFATc1 signaling pathways. Thus, CSL could be explored as a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of osteolytic diseases.

Heated Leaf Extract of Coriandrum sativum L. Protects Nigral Dopaminergic Degeneration in Rats.

Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander), which is an annual herb of the Apiaceae family, has been traditionally used as a remedy. Here we tested whether heated extract of coriander leaf protects nigral dopaminergic neurodegeneration after exposure to 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). After injection of 6-OHDA into the rat substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), dopaminergic degeneration, which was determined by tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining, was rescued by co-injection of CaEDTA, an extracellular Zn2+ chelator, suggesting that extracellular Zn2+ influx is involved in neurodegeneration. Both intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation determined by ZnAF-2 fluorescence and dopaminergic degeneration in the SNpc induced by 6-OHDA were rescued by co-injection of 0.25% coriander extract, which also reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the SNpc determined by aminophenyl fluorescein fluorescence. The present study suggests that coriander leaf extract protects nigral dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation. It is likely that the nutraceutical property of coriander leaf extract contributes to the protection via reducing ROS production.

Anti-inflammatory effects of Pikad Tri-phol-sa-mut-than remedy, consisting of dried fruits of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa, Coriandrum sativum L., and Morinda citrifolia L.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Inflammation has been known to possess some essential roles in many diseases, especially those with chronic or severe conditions. Pikad Tri-phol-sa-mut-than, a Thai traditional herbal remedy, has long been used to treat gastrointestinal sicknesses, fever, and severe illness caused by the deformities of Tridosha. In particular, this recipe has also been applied for inflammation-related conditions including gout and rheumatoid arthritis. The Pikad Tri-phol-sa-mut-than recipe consists of dried fruits of three herbs including Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa, Morinda citrifolia L., and Coriandrum sativum L. Each of these plant components of Pikad Tri-phol-sa-mut-than exhibited anti-inflammatory activities. However, anti-inflammatory effect of Pikad Tri-phol-sa-mut-than remedy has not been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY: The objective of this study was to elucidate the anti-inflammatory activities of Pikad Tri-phol-sa-mut-than extract (TS) against acute and chronic inflammation in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To study the effects of TS on acute inflammation, ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP)-induced ear edema, carrageenan- and arachidonic acid (AA)-induced hind paw edema models were carried out. In addition, cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation was performed to specify the inhibitory effects of TS on chronic inflammation. RESULTS: The topical application of TS significantly inhibited EPP-induced ear edema in rats. In the carrageenan- and AA-induced paw edema models, the oral administration of TS significantly reduced paw volumes, compared to those of the control groups. In addition, the 7-day oral treatment of TS demonstrated a significant suppressive effect on cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation. CONCLUSIONS: The current study revealed that TS possesses anti-inflammatory activities against acute and chronic inflammation. Our studies support the use of TS in traditional medicine, and the development of TS as a novel natural product for treating diseases associated with inflammation.

Extraction, characterization, and in vivo antitumor activity of a novel polysaccharide from Coriandrum sativum L.

A novel polysaccharide was extracted from Coriandrum sativum L. at a yield of 4.56 ± 0.17% (n = 3). The extraction was optimized using response surface methodology: powder-to-liquid ratio 1:21 g/ml, extraction time 188 min, temperature 81°C, and three replicate extractions. The purified polysaccharide had an average molecular weight of 1.30 × 106 Da and was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, and galacturonic acid in molar ratios of 1.52: 8.14: 20.85: 1: 2.42 with α-L-Araf-(1→, →6)-ß-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-GalpA-(1→ and →2, 4)-α-Rhap-(1→). In vivo tests demonstrated that the polysaccharide suppressed H22 tumor growth in mice and protected the immune organs. Annexin V-FITC/PI, PI, and JC-1 staining showed that the primary mechanism of tumor inhibition was the induction of apoptosis and S-phase arrest with apoptosis achieved via a mitochondrial pathway. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Coriandrum sativum L. is used as a culinary spice but its medicinal value has also been widely recognized. A novel polysaccharide was extracted from this herbaceous plant and its structure and bioactivity were investigated. This high-molecular-weight polysaccharide exhibited antitumor effects against H22 cells in mice and had potential to be developed as an anti-liver cancer medicine and functional food supplement.

Systematic review of preclinical studies about effects of Coriandrum sativum L. on inflammatory mediators.

This study is designed to systematically review the accessible researches regarding influence of Coriandrum sativum L. on inflammatory mediators including interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Databases Scopus, PubMed, WOS, ProQuest, and a Google Scholar were searched until February 2022 and search alerts were turned on to find papers published following the primary search. There was not any restriction in language and/or date. No human study was gained; thus, animal and in vitro researches were considered. The references of related papers were reviewed to access plausible researches. Twenty-four papers were entered in review. Inflammatory factors IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α considerably had a descending direction following C. sativum consumption. In other words, the pooled direction of influences was consistently lower for inflammatory mediators in 7 of 9 in vitro and 10 of 16 animal investigations. These results demonstrated the potential of C. sativum in reducing IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α. C. sativum is hopeful but not yet a confirmed natural ingredient to reduce systemic inflammation in subjects with inflammation-prone disorders. Additional investigations are required to concentrate on assessing the impact of C. sativum on inflammatory factors that are not exceedingly fluctuating and the clinical consequences of inflammation-linked diseases.

Neuroprotective effects of Coriandrum sativum and its constituent, linalool: A review.

OBJECTIVE: Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual herb belonging to the Apiaceae (Umbellifera) family that is used as food additives traditionally. This plant is called "Geshniz" in Persian and is native to Mediterranean regions but it is currently cultivated in several countries. All parts of coriander are edible and have been traditionally used to treat different disorders, including digestive problems, flatulence, diarrhea, colic and other gastrointestinal diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The databases PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scopus were considered. The search terms were "Coriandrum sativum" or "linalool" and "anti-anxiety", "sedative", "antioxidant effect", "anticonvulsant" and "neuroprotective effect". RESULTS: Antioxidant, diuretic, cholesterol lowering, anxiolytic, sedative-hypnotic and anticonvulsant activities were reported for the seeds and leaves of the plant. Furthermore, linalool as the main component of coriander has different neuropharmacological effects, including anti-anxiety, sedative, anticonvulsant and anti-Alzheimer's disease activities. CONCLUSION: Various neuropharmacological effects of C. sativum and its component which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, have been summarized in the current review article.

Specification and DNA Barcoding of Thai Traditional Remedy for Chronic Kidney Disease: Pikad Tri-phol-sa-mut-than.

The Pikad Tri-phol-sa-mut-than (TS) remedy, a Thai traditional medicine, is officially recorded in Tamra Paetsart Sonkrau Chabub Anurak for its capabilities in treating kidney deficiency. TS remedy is composed of three fruit species-Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa., Coriandrum sativum L., and Morinda citrifolia L.-in an equal part by weight. The quality of the raw material is one of the essential factors that can affect the effectiveness and safety of treatment by herbal remedy. The pharmacognostic evaluation and DNA barcode of the three fruit species and TS remedy were performed in this study to authenticate them from contamination, and to provide the scientific database for further uses. Macroscopic and microscopic examination, chemical profile by TLC, and DNA barcoding were employed to positively identify the raw materials bought from the herbal market, especially the powder form. Consequently, the outcomes of this investigation can be used to develop an essential and effective tool for the authentication of crude drugs and herbal remedies.

Antileukemic Activity and Molecular Docking Study of a Polyphenolic Extract from Coriander Seeds.

Leukemia is a group of hematological neoplastic disorders linked to high mortality rates worldwide, but increasing resistance has led to the therapeutic failure of conventional chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the antileukemic activity and potential mechanism of action of a polyphenolic extract obtained from the seeds of Coriandrum sativum L. (CSP). A methylthiazoletetrazolium assay was performed to assess the CSP cytotoxicity on chronic (K562) and acute (HL60) myeloid leukemia cell lines and on normal Vero cell line. CSP toxicity was also evaluated in vivo using the OECD 423 acute toxicity model on Swiss albino mice. The results demonstrated a remarkable antitumoral activity against K562 and HL60 cell lines (IC50 = 16.86 µM and 11.75 µM, respectively) although no cytotoxicity was observed for the Vero cells or mice. A silico study was performed on the following receptors that are highly implicated in the development of leukemia: ABL kinase, ABL1, BCL2, and FLT3. The molecular docking demonstrated a high affinity interaction between the principal CSP components and the receptors. Our findings demonstrated that CSP extract has remarkable antileukemic activity, which is mainly mediated by the flavonoids, catechins, and rutin, all of which showed the highest binding affinity for the targeted receptors. This study revealed a promising active compound alternative research-oriented biopharmacists to explore.

Metabolic activities and molecular investigations of the ameliorative impact of some growth biostimulators on chilling-stressed coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) plant.

BACKGROUND: Priming of seed prior chilling is regarded as one of the methods to promote seeds germination, whole plant growth, and yield components. The application of biostimulants was reported as beneficial for protecting many plants from biotic or abiotic stresses. Their value was as important to be involved in improving the growth parameters of plants. Also, they were practiced in the regulation of various metabolic pathways to enhance acclimation and tolerance in coriander against chilling stress. To our knowledge, little is deciphered about the molecular mechanisms underpinning the ameliorative impact of biostimulants in the context of understanding the link and overlap between improved morphological characters, induced metabolic processes, and upregulated gene expression. In this study, the ameliorative effect(s) of potassium silicate, HA, and gamma radiation on acclimation of coriander to tolerate chilling stress was evaluated by integrating the data of growth, yield, physiological and molecular aspects. RESULTS: Plant growth, yield components, and metabolic activities were generally diminished in chilling-stressed coriander plants. On the other hand, levels of ABA and soluble sugars were increased. Alleviation treatment by humic acid, followed by silicate and gamma irradiation, has notably promoted plant growth parameters and yield components in chilling-stressed coriander plants. This improvement was concomitant with a significant increase in phytohormones, photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrate contents, antioxidants defense system, and induction of large subunit of RuBisCO enzyme production. The assembly of Toc complex subunits was maintained, and even their expression was stimulated (especially Toc75 and Toc 34) upon alleviation of the chilling stress by applied biostimulators. Collectively, humic acid was the best the element to alleviate the adverse effects of chilling stress on growth and productivity of coriander. CONCLUSIONS: It could be suggested that the inducing effect of the pretreatments on hormonal balance triggered an increase in IAA + GA3/ABA hormonal ratio. This ratio could be linked and engaged with the protection of cellular metabolic activities from chilling injury against the whole plant life cycle. Therefore, it was speculated that seed priming in humic acid is a powerful technique that can benefit the chilled along with non-chilled plants and sustain the economic importance of coriander plant productivity.

Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Antidiabetic Proprieties of LC-MS/MS Identified Polyphenols from Coriander Seeds.

Coriandrum sativum L. seeds are traditionally used to treat diabetes and its complications (inflammation and formation of reactive oxygen species) around the world. The present study investigates the antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of the polyphenol fraction of Coriandrum sativum seeds (PCS). Diabetic mice were orally administered with PCS (25 and 50 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days. Oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) was also evaluated along with the anti-inflammatory effect, assessed by measuring paw edema development induced with carrageenan in Wistar rat and the antioxidant activity assessed using two tests (ß-carotene discoloration and DPPH). Treatment of diabetic mice with PCS for four weeks managed their high fasting blood glucose levels, improved their overall health, also revealed an excellent antihyperlipidemic activity. The OGTT result showed a potent antihyperglycemic activity, and following the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, the PCS exhibited a perfect activity. LC-MS/MS result revealed the presence of 9 polyphenols. This modest work indicates that the PCS have an important antidiabetic, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effect that can be well established treatment of diabetes and its complications.

Economic study of the cultivation of kale, coriander, lettuce, and chives in intercropping / Estudo econômico do cultivo da couve, coentro, alface e cebolinha em consórcio

Intercropping of vegetables in a poorly planned manner may not achieve the expected economic results, as it is an activity that requires a great technical and administrative capacity of the producer. This study aimed to analyze the economic feasibility of intercropping kale with coriander, lettuce, and chives in relation to monocultures. The experiment was conducted in the Center for Agri-food Science and Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, in the municipality of Pombal, PB in the period from June 2014 to July 2015. Eleven treatments were tested: four polycultures, three bicultives, and four monocultures, in randomized blocks, with four replications. The productivity, total operating costs (TOC), gross and net revenue, rate of return, profitability index, and efficient land use were evaluated. The TOC values of intercropping were calculated with the prices of July 2015. In all the systems studied, the largest participation was referring to the cost hand of labor. The highest gross and net revenues were observed in the kale with lettuce in bicultive, the rate of return and profitability index was higher on lettuce in monoculture. Despite the increase in the TOCs of the intercropping in relation to the monocultures, the intercropping proved to be economically viable in terms of efficient land use, reaching values indicating a land-use efficiency of up to 50% more in polycultures and bicultives.

O cultivo de hortaliças de maneira mal planejada pode não alcançar os resultados econômicos esperados, pois é uma atividade que exige grande capacidade técnica e administrativa do produtor. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade econômica de cultivar couve, alface e cebolinha em consórcio. O experimento foi conduzido no Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, no município de Pombal, PB, no período de junho de 2014 a julho de 2015. Foram testados onze tratamentos: quatro policultivos, três bicultivos e quatro monocultivos, em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados: produtividade; custos operacionais totais (COT); receita bruta e líquida; taxa de retorno; índice de lucratividade e uso eficiente da terra (UET). Os valores de COT do consórcio foram calculados com os preços de julho de 2015. Em todos os sistemas estudados, a maior participação foi referente ao custo mão de obra. As maiores receita bruta e líquida foram observadas na couve com alface em bicultivo, a taxa de retorno e rentabilidade índice foram maiores na alface em monocultura. Apesar do aumento nos COT'S dos consórcios em relação às monoculturas, a consorciação mostrou-se economicamente viável em termos de uso eficiente da terra, alcançando valores que indicam uma eficiência no uso da terra de até 50% a mais em policultivos e bicultivos.

A strategy for repression of arsenic toxicity through nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 activation mediated by the (E)-2-alkenals in Coriandrum sativum L. leaf extract.

Activation of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) system plays a role in repression of xenobiotic toxicity. The Coriandrum sativum L. leaf extract (CSLE) contains various aliphatic electrophiles such as (E)-2-decenal and (E)-2-dodecenal. In the present study, we examined the activation of Nrf2 coupled to chemical modification of Keap1 mediated by (E)-2-alkenals in CSLE, and the protective role of CSLE and (E)-2-alkenals against inorganic arsenite (iAsIII) cytotoxicity. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-elevated collision energy mass spectrometry analysis revealed that (E)-2-decenal modified recombinant Keap1 at Cys241, Cys249, Cys257 and His274. Exposure of HepG2 cells to CSLE, (E)-2-decenal, or (E)-2-dodecenal upregulated Nrf2-related downstream signaling such as expression of phase-II xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and phase-III transporters involved in cytoprotection against iAsIII. Pretreatment with CSLE or (E)-2-butenal, a prototype of (E)-2-alkenal, prior to iAsIII exposure suppressed accumulation of iAsIII significantly and reduced iAsIII-induced cytotoxicity in cells. Oral administration of CSLE to C57BL/6 mice upregulated downstream proteins of Nrf2 and reduced accumulation of arsenic in liver tissue. The present study indicates that CSLE containing (E)-2-alkenals activates Nrf2, leading to a reduction in arsenic accumulation in vivo.