A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Creep Feeding Effects on Piglet Pre- and Post-Weaning Performance.

In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluated the effects of providing piglets with creep feed during lactation on piglet pre- and post-weaning performance. A total of 20 articles met the inclusion criteria. Creep feeding in lactation improved pre-weaning piglet performance in 46% of the studies selected, while 58% of the included studies reported that creep feeding in lactation improved piglet performance during the nursery phase. Creep feeding increased the average piglet body weight (creep = 7.23 ± 0.30, no creep = 6.96 ± 0.31; p = 0.03) and litter weight (creep = 81.2 ± 4.18, no creep = 76.4 ± 4.22; p < 0.001) at weaning. The average piglet body weight and litter weight were positively associated (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) with total creep feed intake. Creep feeding of piglets for more than 14 days increased (p = 0.003) the litter weight at weaning compared to litters not provided or provided for shorter periods with creep feed. The present work strengthened the notion that creep feeding during lactation presents opportunities for improving weaning weights and post-weaning piglet performance compared to litters not provided or provided for shorter periods with creep feed.

Weaning and concentrate supplementation on the characteristics of carcass cuts and longissimus muscle of Suffolk lambs finished on pasture

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of weaning and concentrate supplementation on the characteristics of carcass cuts and longissimus muscle of Suffolk lambs finished on a Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) pasture. Weaning and concentrate supplementation strategies were evaluated in four finishing systems: i) non-weaned and non-supplemented lambs; ii) non-weaned lambs supplemented with concentrate in creep feeding; iii) weaned and non-supplemented lambs; and iv) weaned lambs supplemented with concentrate. In the systems with weaning, lambs were weaned at 46 ± 6 days of age. In the systems with supplementation, the concentrate was offered daily at 2% of lambs' body weight. Weaning led to a decrease, whereas supplementation led to an increase in carcass cut weights. Supplemented lambs had lower yields of neck and uncovered ribs, and higher yields of breast + flank and loin. The characteristics of loin eye and fat thickness over the longissimus muscle presented lower values in weaned lambs and higher values in supplemented lambs. Keeping lambs with their dams and offering concentrate supplementation until slaughter are strategies recommended to obtain heavier cuts with increased muscularity and fat content.(AU)

Weaning and concentrate supplementationon the characteristics of carcass cuts and longissimusmuscle of Suffolk lambs finished on pasture

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of weaning and concentrate supplementation on the characteristics of carcass cuts and longissimusmuscle of Suffolk lambs finished ona Tifton 85 (Cynodonspp.) pasture. Weaning and concentrate supplementation strategies were evaluated in four finishing systems: i) non-weaned and non-supplemented lambs; ii) non-weaned lambs supplemented with concentrate in creep feeding;iii) weaned and non-supplemented lambs; and iv) weaned lambs supplemented with concentrate. In the systems with weaning, lambs were weaned at 46 ± 6 days of age. In the systems with supplementation, the concentrate was offered daily at 2% of lambs body weight. Weaning led to a decrease, whereas supplementation led to an increase in carcass cut weights. Supplemented lambs had lower yields of neck and uncovered ribs, and higher yields of breast + flank and loin. The characteristics of loin eye and fat thicknessover the longissimusmuscle presented lower values in weaned lambs and higher values in supplemented lambs. Keeping lambs with their dams and offering concentrate supplementation until slaughter are strategies recommended to obtain heavier cuts with increased muscularity and fat content.(AU)

Growth, physiology, and coccidiosis infestation of suckling beef calves grazing warm-season grasses and offered creep-feeding supplementation with or without monensin.

This study evaluated the growth, physiology, and coccidiosis infestation of suckling beef calves provided monensin and grazing limpograss (Exp. 1) or bahiagrass (Exp. 2) pastures. Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures (4 pastures/treatment; 3 cow-calf pairs/pasture in Exp. 1; 4 pastures/treatment; 10 cow-calf pairs/pair of pastures in Exp. 2) and comprised of supplementation of 0.40 kg/d of soybean meal added or not with monensin (20 mg/kg of total DM intake) for 112 and 78 days before weaning in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. In Exp. 1, supplement DM disappearance tended (P = 0.10) to be less for calves supplemented with vs. without monensin, but treatment × day and treatment effects were not observed (P ≥ 0.18) for herbage mass (HM), herbage allowance (HA), cow body condition score (BCS), calf average daily gain (ADG), calf plasma data, and fecal coccidia egg count. In Exp. 2, forage nutritive value, HM and HA, and cow BCS did not differ (P ≥ 0.43) between treatments. Supplemental monensin did not impact (P ≥ 0.78) plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 but increased (P ≤ 0.05) calf overall ADG and plasma concentrations on day 78 and reduced plasma concentrations of urea nitrogen (PUN) on day 78 and fecal coccidia egg count on day 78 compared to calves provided no monensin supplementation. Hence, monensin supplementation successfully improved growth performance of creep-fed suckling beef calves, when herbage mass was not a limiting factor and coccidiosis infestation occurred.

Do Prenatally-Conditioned Flavor Preferences Affect Consumption of Creep Feed by Piglets?

Piglets can prefer flavors that are presented to pregnant sows, hence this study intended to estimate the effect of prenatal exposure of piglets to flavors on the intake of flavored creep feed and performance. Gestational sows were fed either a flavored (garlic or aniseed; n24) or an unflavored diet (n24) from days 90 to 114 of gestation. Their litters were offered either garlic, aniseed, or unflavored creep feed during the suckling period, and its intake was measured as well as animal's final body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG). Data was analyzed taking into account the diet offered to both sows and piglets, as well as the interaction between these variables. As previous experiments have shown, flavor learning did not affect a piglet's performance during the suckling period, finding no differences for creep feed intake, ADG, or BW according to diets (p > 0.05). Repeated exposure of piglets to previously learned flavors without clear post-ingestive benefits could nullify the strategies proposed. Moreover, milk and creep feed diets show a great reward contrast that may accelerate learning extinction. Results of the present and previous experiments suggest that current flavor continuity strategies that are proposed for pig production systems need to be reconsidered.

Terminação de cordeiros, com e sem suplementação na fase de cria, confinados ou semiconfinados em Brachiaria brizantha diferida: parasitismo gastrintestinal e eficiência bioeconômica / Performance of creep feed lambs, finished under feedlot or Brachiaria brizantha deferred pasture: gastrintestinal parasitism and bioeconomic efficiency

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da suplementação na fase de aleitamento sobre o desempenho ponderal, o grau de infecção por nematódeos gastrintestinais e a viabilidade econômica na terminação de cordeiros em confinamento ou semiconfinamento. Na fase de aleitamento, os cordeiros de seis lotes de 30 ovelhas foram pesados ao nascimento e ao desmame. Três lotes foram suplementados em cochos individuais e o consumo de alimento foi mensurado. Na segunda fase, pós-desmame, os cordeiros foram distribuídos em dois grupos, considerando sexo, peso ao desmame e suplementação durante o aleitamento, para terminação em confinamento ou semiconfinamento. Todos os animais foram everminados no início da terminação. Os animais foram pesados a cada 14 dias e arraçoados com concentrado na proporção de 2% do peso vivo. Os animais confinados receberam silagem de sorgo, e os semiconfinados foram mantidos em pastagem de Braquiaria brizantha cv Piatã. A suplementação na fase de cria teve efeito no peso e no ganho em peso na desmama e na terminação, mas com retorno econômico favorável somente na terminação. O diferimento do pasto no sistema de semiconfinamento controlou a verminose, evitando mortes, e não houve diferenças no peso e no ganho em peso entre os cordeiros confinados ou semiconfinados. Os dois sistemas foram viáveis, mas o lucro no semiconfinamento foi 2,3 vezes superior ao do confinamento.(AU)

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of creep feeding and drylots or semi confined raised lambs on weight gain, gastrointestinal nematodes infection and economic viability. Lambs from six lots of 30 ewes were weighed at birth and at weaning and the offspring of three lots were supplemented in private troughs and their food intake was measured. In the second phase, after weaning, lambs were divided into two finishing groups, feedlot or semi confinement considering gender, weaning weight and creep feeding. All animals were dewormed at early termination, weighed every 14 days and supplemented with 2% of body weight. Feedlot animals received sorghum silage while semi confined animals were kept at pasture on Brachiaria brizantha cv Piata. Creep feeding had effect on weight and weight gain at weaning and finishing, but favorable economic returns were only observed at termination. Pasture deferred in the semi-confinement system controlled verminosis, preventing deaths with no differences in weight and weight gain among feedlots or semi-confined lambs. Both systems were economically viable, but profit in semi confinement was 2.3 times higher than the feedlots.(AU)

Terminação de cordeiros, com e sem suplementação na fase de cria, confinados ou semiconfinados em Brachiaria brizantha diferida: parasitismo gastrintestinal e eficiência bioeconômica / Performance of creep feed lambs, finished under feedlot or Brachiaria brizantha deferred pasture: gastrintestinal parasitism and bioeconomic efficiency

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da suplementação na fase de aleitamento sobre o desempenho ponderal, o grau de infecção por nematódeos gastrintestinais e a viabilidade econômica na terminação de cordeiros em confinamento ou semiconfinamento. Na fase de aleitamento, os cordeiros de seis lotes de 30 ovelhas foram pesados ao nascimento e ao desmame. Três lotes foram suplementados em cochos individuais e o consumo de alimento foi mensurado. Na segunda fase, pós-desmame, os cordeiros foram distribuídos em dois grupos, considerando sexo, peso ao desmame e suplementação durante o aleitamento, para terminação em confinamento ou semiconfinamento. Todos os animais foram everminados no início da terminação. Os animais foram pesados a cada 14 dias e arraçoados com concentrado na proporção de 2% do peso vivo. Os animais confinados receberam silagem de sorgo, e os semiconfinados foram mantidos em pastagem de Braquiaria brizantha cv Piatã. A suplementação na fase de cria teve efeito no peso e no ganho em peso na desmama e na terminação, mas com retorno econômico favorável somente na terminação. O diferimento do pasto no sistema de semiconfinamento controlou a verminose, evitando mortes, e não houve diferenças no peso e no ganho em peso entre os cordeiros confinados ou semiconfinados. Os dois sistemas foram viáveis, mas o lucro no semiconfinamento foi 2,3 vezes superior ao do confinamento.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of creep feeding and drylots or semi confined raised lambs on weight gain, gastrointestinal nematodes infection and economic viability. Lambs from six lots of 30 ewes were weighed at birth and at weaning and the offspring of three lots were supplemented in private troughs and their food intake was measured. In the second phase, after weaning, lambs were divided into two finishing groups, feedlot or semi confinement considering gender, weaning weight and creep feeding. All animals were dewormed at early termination, weighed every 14 days and supplemented with 2% of body weight. Feedlot animals received sorghum silage while semi confined animals were kept at pasture on Brachiaria brizantha cv Piata. Creep feeding had effect on weight and weight gain at weaning and finishing, but favorable economic returns were only observed at termination. Pasture deferred in the semi-confinement system controlled verminosis, preventing deaths with no differences in weight and weight gain among feedlots or semi-confined lambs. Both systems were economically viable, but profit in semi confinement was 2.3 times higher than the feedlots.

Supplementation strategies for Nellore female calves in creep feeding to improve the performance: nutritional and metabolic responses.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation strategy on performance, nutritional and metabolic characteristics of Nellore suckling female calves, on grazing Urochloa decumbens during the rainy-dry transition period. Forty-four Nellore female calves, averaging 147.6 ± 1.34 kg (4 months), were used. A single supplement 20% of crude protein of dry matter was provided, consisting of daily supplement at 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, or 0.6% of body weight. A positive linear effect (P < 0.05) on final body weight and average weight gain of female calves was observed with increased supplementation. Supplementation increased consumption, in kilograms per day, of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), digested dry matter, and total digestible nutrients (TDN), all calculated as % of dry matter. There was no effect of supplementation on the consumption in kilograms per day of neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (apNDF) (P > 0.05). Supplementation increased, in a quadratic way, the total apparent digestibility coefficient of DM, OM, CP, apNDF, and TDN (P < 0.05). There was no effect of supplementation (P > 0.05) on non-esterified fatty acid concentrations. There was a positive linear effect (P < 0.05) of supplementation on insulin concentrations. In this study, it is concluded that linearly increasing the feeding level of a supplement with 20% crude protein (% of DM) in the range of 0.2-0.6% of body weight improves the performance, nutritional and metabolic characteristics of the animals, considering these pasture characteristics.

Creep feeding effects on male Nellore calves influencing behavior and performance of their dams.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different schemes of calves' supplementation in a creep feeding system, on the behavior of Bos indicus calves and dams, and also the influence of the calves' supplementation on dams' performance. Forty-eight Nellore male calves (147 ± 7 kg body weight and 3 months of age) in the suckling phase and their dams (476 ± 9 kg and 6 years of age) were studied in a completely randomized design. The experiment was divided into two periods of 71 days. The treatments were 5- and 10-g supplement dry matter (DM)/kg BW day offered in periods 1 and 2, respectively (5S/10S); 10- and 5-g supplement DM/kg BW day offered in periods 1 and 2, respectively (10S/5S); 7.5-g supplement DM/kg BW day in both periods 1 and 2 (7.5S); and mineral mix ad libitum in both periods 1 and 2 (MM). No differences (P < 0.05) in body condition score (BCS), final body weight (FBW), and average daily gain (ADG) were found in dams' performance. Calves from MM treatment spent more time (P < 0.05) grazing than the supplemented calves from 5S/10S and 10S/5S treatments, in the first period. No difference in suckling time was found between the treatments (P > 0.05) in the first evaluated period. Calves from 10S/5S treatment spent more time suckling and less time eating supplements (P < 0.05) than 5S/10S treatment animals, in the second evaluated period. Dams of MM treatment's calves had more idle time and lower grazing time when compared with the mothers of calves from 5S/10S and 10S/5S treatments. It was concluded that different schedules of Nellore calves' supplementation on pasture do not affect their mothers' performance, and supplementation decreases the grazing time of calves in the suckling phase.

Evaluation of supplementation plans for suckling beef calves managed on tropical pasture / Avaliação de planos de suplementação para bezerros de corte lactentes manejados em pasto tropical

This study assessed the effects of different amounts of supplement on the productive performance, nutrional caracteristics and behaviour of suckling beef calves, as well as on the productive performance of their dams on tropical pastures. Forty-four male Nellore beef calves with an average age of 120 days and an initial average body weight (BW) of 145±3.7 kg and their respective dams, with an average BW of 449±6.9 kg, were used. The amounts of supplement evaluated were as follows: 0 = calves received only mineral mixture ad libitum; 3, 6, and 9 = calves received 3, 6, or 9 g kg-1 BW of supplement, respectively, containing 250 g CP kg-1 (as-fed). The experimental design was completely randomized. A positive linear effect (P < 0.01) was observed in the intakes of dry matter and organic matter, and a cubic effect (P < 0.07) was observed for the intake of neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein. There was quadratic effect (P < 0.06) for total digestibility of neutral detergent fiber. A cubic effect (P < 0.01) was observed for the calves performance. However, the calves supplementation did not affect the milk yield and performance (P ≥ 0.21) of their dams. The supplementation decreased grazing time (P < 0.01) but did not influence suckling time (P ≥ 0.59). It is recommended supplying of supplement containing 250 g CP kg-1 (as-fed) in amount 6 g kg-1 BW to suckling beef calves managed in tropical pasture. Supplementation of suckling beef calves increases the intake of dry matter, decreases grazing time and forage intake. However, it does not affect the suckling time and productive performance of their dams.(AU)

Este estudo avaliou os efeitos de diferentes quantidades de suplemento sobre o desempenho, características nutricionais e comportamentais de bezerros de corte lactentes, bem como o desempenho de suas mães em pasto tropical. Foram utilizados quarenta e quatro bezerros de corte lactentes machos da raça Nelore com idade média de 120 dias e peso corporal médio de 145±3,7 kg, e suas respectivas mães, com peso corporal médio de 449±6,9 kg. As quantidades de suplemento avaliadas foram as seguintes: 0 = bezerros receberam somente mistura mineral ad libitum; 3, 6 ou 9 = bezerros receberam 3, 6 ou 9 g kg-1 PC de suplemento contendo 25 g de PB kg-1 (matéria natural). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado. Foi observado efeito linear positivo (P < 0,01) para o consume de matéria seca e matéria orgânica, e um efeito cúbico (P < 0,07) foi observado para o consume de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN). Houve um efeito quadrático (P < 0,06) para a digestibilidade total da FDN. Observou-se efeito cúbico (P < 0,01) quanto ao desempenho dos bezerros. No entanto, a suplementação não afetou (P ≥ 0,21) a produção de leite e o desempenho de suas mães. A suplementação diminuiu o tempo de pastejo (P < 0,01), mas não influenciou (P ≥ 0,59) o tempo de amamentação dos bezerros. Recomenda-se o fornecimento de suplemento contendo 25 g PB kg-1 na quantidade de 6 g kg-1 PC para bezerros de corte lactentes manejados em pastagem tropical. A suplementação de bezerros de corte lactentes aumenta o consumo de matéria seca, diminui o tempo de pastejo e o consumo de forragem. Contudo, não influencia o tempo de amamentação e o desempenho produtivo de suas mães.(AU)

Weight, body condition, milk production, and metabolism of Nellore cows when their calves are submitted to different supplementation levels.

Creep feeding has been used to reduce calves' nutritional dependence on the cow, but research results under tropical conditions have not been conclusive about the effects on the cow. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of high and low supplementation levels for Nellore heifer calves on performance, milk production, and metabolic profile of their mothers. Fifty multiparous Nellore cows and their respective calves were used. The following treatments were evaluated: 0-control, no supplement was fed to calves; 3-calves received supplement in the amount of 3 g/kg of body weight (BW); 6-calves received supplement in the amount of 6 g/kg of BW. There was no significant effect of level of supplementation offered to offspring on cow BW, body condition score (BCS) and subcutaneous fat thickness (P > 0.05). Level of supplementation of heifer calves did not significantly affect milk production corrected to 4% of fat (P > 0.05). Fat, protein, lactose, and total solids of the milk also did not differ among supplementation strategies (P > 0.05). Level of supplement fed to calves had no effect on cows' glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, total protein, and albumin levels (P > 0.05), but cows nursing calves that did not receive supplement had lower level of serum urea N (SUN; P < 0.05). We conclude that creep feeding in the amounts of 3 or 6 g/kg of BW daily has no major impact on dams' performance and metabolism.

Evaluation of supplementation plans for suckling beef calves managed on tropical pasture / Avaliação de planos de suplementação para bezerros de corte lactentes manejados em pasto tropical

This study assessed the effects of different amounts of supplement on the productive performance, nutrional caracteristics and behaviour of suckling beef calves, as well as on the productive performance of their dams on tropical pastures. Forty-four male Nellore beef calves with an average age of 120 days and an initial average body weight (BW) of 145±3.7 kg and their respective dams, with an average BW of 449±6.9 kg, were used. The amounts of supplement evaluated were as follows: 0 = calves received only mineral mixture ad libitum; 3, 6, and 9 = calves received 3, 6, or 9 g kg-1 BW of supplement, respectively, containing 250 g CP kg-1 (as-fed). The experimental design was completely randomized. A positive linear effect (P < 0.01) was observed in the intakes of dry matter and organic matter, and a cubic effect (P < 0.07) was observed for the intake of neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein. There was quadratic effect (P < 0.06) for total digestibility of neutral detergent fiber. A cubic effect (P < 0.01) was observed for the calves’ performance. However, the calves’ supplementation did not affect the milk yield and performance (P ≥ 0.21) of their dams. The supplementation decreased grazing time (P < 0.01) but did not influence suckling time (P ≥ 0.59). It is recommended supplying of supplement containing 250 g CP kg-1 (as-fed) in amount 6 g kg-1 BW to suckling beef calves managed in tropical pasture. Supplementation of suckling beef calves increases the intake of dry matter, decreases grazing time and forage intake. However, it does not affect the suckling time and productive performance of their dams.

Este estudo avaliou os efeitos de diferentes quantidades de suplemento sobre o desempenho, características nutricionais e comportamentais de bezerros de corte lactentes, bem como o desempenho de suas mães em pasto tropical. Foram utilizados quarenta e quatro bezerros de corte lactentes machos da raça Nelore com idade média de 120 dias e peso corporal médio de 145±3,7 kg, e suas respectivas mães, com peso corporal médio de 449±6,9 kg. As quantidades de suplemento avaliadas foram as seguintes: 0 = bezerros receberam somente mistura mineral ad libitum; 3, 6 ou 9 = bezerros receberam 3, 6 ou 9 g kg-1 PC de suplemento contendo 25 g de PB kg-1 (matéria natural). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado. Foi observado efeito linear positivo (P < 0,01) para o consume de matéria seca e matéria orgânica, e um efeito cúbico (P < 0,07) foi observado para o consume de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN). Houve um efeito quadrático (P < 0,06) para a digestibilidade total da FDN. Observou-se efeito cúbico (P < 0,01) quanto ao desempenho dos bezerros. No entanto, a suplementação não afetou (P ≥ 0,21) a produção de leite e o desempenho de suas mães. A suplementação diminuiu o tempo de pastejo (P < 0,01), mas não influenciou (P ≥ 0,59) o tempo de amamentação dos bezerros. Recomenda-se o fornecimento de suplemento contendo 25 g PB kg-1 na quantidade de 6 g kg-1 PC para bezerros de corte lactentes manejados em pastagem tropical. A suplementação de bezerros de corte lactentes aumenta o consumo de matéria seca, diminui o tempo de pastejo e o consumo de forragem. Contudo, não influencia o tempo de amamentação e o desempenho produtivo de suas mães.

Parâmetros nutricionais e produtivos de bezerras suplementadas a pasto com diferentes fontes de alimentos protéicos / Nutritional parameters and production of calves on pasture supplemented with different sources of protein foods

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de suplementos múltiplos com diferentes fontes protéicas sobre o desempenho produtivo, consumo, digestibilidade dos componentes da dieta e eficiência de síntese de proteína bruta microbiana de bezerras de corte lactentes sob pastejo. O trabalho foi realizado durante o período de transição de águas-secas (Fevereiro á Julho de 2012), utilizando-se quatro piquetes com média de 4,5 há; para tal, foram utilizadas vinte quatro bezerras com idade e peso médio inicial de 3 meses e 113 kg, respectivamente. Os tratamentos foram: mistura mineral (MM) ad libitum, farelo de soja (PBFS), farelo de algodão 38% de Proteína bruta (PBFA) e combinação de farelo de soja com farelo de algodão 38% de Proteína bruta (PBFS+FA). Não se verificou efeito (P>0,10) das diferentes fontes protéicas sobre o ganho médio diário (GMD) entre os animais que receberam suplementos múltiplos, assim como não foi verificado diferença no GMD entre os suplementados com suplemento múltiplo e suplementados apenas com mistura mineral. Sendo assim, o farelo de algodão pode substituir o farelo de soja ou ser utilizado em associação ao farelo de soja em suplementos múltiplos para bezerras de corte lactentes.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of multiple supplements with different protein sources on the performance, intake, nutrient digestibility, and microbial protein production efficiency of lactating beef heifers under grazing. The experiment was carried out during the period of transition from water-dry (February to July, 2012) using four paddocks with average of 4.5 ha. Twenty four lactating beef heifers with initial body weight of 113 kg and 3 month old, were used. The treatments were: mineral mixed (MM) ad libitum, soybean meal (SM), cottonseed meal 38% crude protein (CM), and combination of SM and CM (SMCM). There was not observed effect (P>0.10) of different protein sources on average daily gain (ADG) between the animals that received multiple supplement as well as difference was notverified for ADG between the multiple supplements and MM. Therefore, cottonseed meal can replace soybean meal or can be used in association to the soybean meal on multiple supplements for lactating beef heifers.(AU)

Desempenho de cordeiros mestiços dorper machos e femeas, em creep feeding recebendo ração peletizada até a desmama / Performance crossbred lambs dorper males and females, in creep feeding fed pelleted diets at weaning

Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de cordeiros mestiços Dorper machos e fêmeas, em creep feeding recebendo ração peletizada até a desmama. Foram utilizados 33 cordeiros machos e fêmeas (17 fêmeas e 16 machos), oriundos do cruzamento de fêmeas rebanho comercial com macho da raça Dorper. O sistema de creep feeding foi realizado em baia coletiva e mantido ate a desmama (80 dias). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado. Os dados coletados para cada variável foram submetidos à análise de variância onde a comparação das médias foi realizada pelo teste Tukey (p< 0,05) por intermédio do programa estatístico ASSISTAT.O uso da ração peletizada no sistema de creep feeding proporcionou aos cordeiros peso a desmama de 19,9 kg, considerando que os mesmos são filhos de ovelhas mestiças. Em relação ao ganho de peso diário, o resultado obtido foi de 0,214 kg/dia em função da genética das matrizes, porém abaixo do recomendado para este sistema de terminação.(AU)

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of crossbred Dorper lambs males and females, in creep feed fed pelleted diets at weaning. 33 male and female lambs (17 females and 16 males), originated from the crossing of a commercial herd females with the male Dorper breed were used . The system of creep feeding was performed in collective bay and kept until weaning (80 days). The experimental design was completely randomized. The collected data for each variable were subjected to analysis of variance where the comparison of means was performed by Tukey test (p < 0.05) through the statistical program ASSISTAT.O pelleted diets on the creep feeding system provided the weight lambs weaning of 19.9 kg assuming that they are children of crossbred sheep. In relation to the daily weight gain, the result obtained was 0.214 kg/day depending on the genetic mothers, but lower than recommended for this system termination.(AU)

Desempenho de cordeiros mestiços dorper machos e femeas, em creep feeding recebendo ração peletizada até a desmama / Performance crossbred lambs dorper males and females, in creep feeding fed pelleted diets at weaning

Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de cordeiros mestiços Dorper machos e fêmeas, em creep feeding recebendo ração peletizada até a desmama. Foram utilizados 33 cordeiros machos e fêmeas (17 fêmeas e 16 machos), oriundos do cruzamento de fêmeas rebanho comercial com macho da raça Dorper. O sistema de creep feeding foi realizado em baia coletiva e mantido ate a desmama (80 dias). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado. Os dados coletados para cada variável foram submetidos à análise de variância onde a comparação das médias foi realizada pelo teste Tukey (p< 0,05) por intermédio do programa estatístico ASSISTAT.O uso da ração peletizada no sistema de creep feeding proporcionou aos cordeiros peso a desmama de 19,9 kg, considerando que os mesmos são filhos de ovelhas mestiças. Em relação ao ganho de peso diário, o resultado obtido foi de 0,214 kg/dia em função da genética das matrizes, porém abaixo do recomendado para este sistema de terminação.

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of crossbred Dorper lambs males and females, in creep feed fed pelleted diets at weaning. 33 male and female lambs (17 females and 16 males), originated from the crossing of a commercial herd females with the male Dorper breed were used . The system of creep feeding was performed in collective bay and kept until weaning (80 days). The experimental design was completely randomized. The collected data for each variable were subjected to analysis of variance where the comparison of means was performed by Tukey test (p < 0.05) through the statistical program ASSISTAT.O pelleted diets on the creep feeding system provided the weight lambs weaning of 19.9 kg assuming that they are children of crossbred sheep. In relation to the daily weight gain, the result obtained was 0.214 kg/day depending on the genetic mothers, but lower than recommended for this system termination.

Parâmetros nutricionais e produtivos de bezerras suplementadas a pasto com diferentes fontes de alimentos protéicos / Nutritional parameters and production of calves on pasture supplemented with different sources of protein foods

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de suplementos múltiplos com diferentes fontes protéicas sobre o desempenho produtivo, consumo, digestibilidade dos componentes da dieta e eficiência de síntese de proteína bruta microbiana de bezerras de corte lactentes sob pastejo. O trabalho foi realizado durante o período de transição de águas-secas (Fevereiro á Julho de 2012), utilizando-se quatro piquetes com média de 4,5 há; para tal, foram utilizadas vinte quatro bezerras com idade e peso médio inicial de 3 meses e 113 kg, respectivamente. Os tratamentos foram: mistura mineral (MM) ad libitum, farelo de soja (PBFS), farelo de algodão 38% de Proteína bruta (PBFA) e combinação de farelo de soja com farelo de algodão 38% de Proteína bruta (PBFS+FA). Não se verificou efeito (P>0,10) das diferentes fontes protéicas sobre o ganho médio diário (GMD) entre os animais que receberam suplementos múltiplos, assim como não foi verificado diferença no GMD entre os suplementados com suplemento múltiplo e suplementados apenas com mistura mineral. Sendo assim, o farelo de algodão pode substituir o farelo de soja ou ser utilizado em associação ao farelo de soja em suplementos múltiplos para bezerras de corte lactentes.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of multiple supplements with different protein sources on the performance, intake, nutrient digestibility, and microbial protein production efficiency of lactating beef heifers under grazing. The experiment was carried out during the period of transition from water-dry (February to July, 2012) using four paddocks with average of 4.5 ha. Twenty four lactating beef heifers with initial body weight of 113 kg and 3 month old, were used. The treatments were: mineral mixed (MM) ad libitum, soybean meal (SM), cottonseed meal 38% crude protein (CM), and combination of SM and CM (SMCM). There was not observed effect (P>0.10) of different protein sources on average daily gain (ADG) between the animals that received multiple supplement as well as difference was notverified for ADG between the multiple supplements and MM. Therefore, cottonseed meal can replace soybean meal or can be used in association to the soybean meal on multiple supplements for lactating beef heifers.

Supplementation of female calves in creep feeding system and productive and nutritional parameters of beef cows on tropical pasture / Suplementação de bezerras de corte lactentes em sistema de creepfeeding e parâmetros nutricionais e produtivos de vaca de corte em pastejo

The performance of female calves in creep-feeding system receiving only mineral mixture or multiple supplements; and milk production and pasture intake and digestibility of beef cows on Urochloa decumbens pastures, were assessed. Forty-eight suckling female calves aged 5 months on average, with an initial weight of 125.4 ± 1.34 kg, and their respective mothers initially weighing 435.2 ± 10.3 kg, were used. The experimental design was completely randomized. Supplements contained approximately 25% crude protein (CP) and a progressive substitution of soybean meal (SM) by cottonseed meal 38% protein (CM) at the levels of 0, 33, 67 and 100% for treatments CM0, CM33, CM67 and CM100, respectively. Urea was added to supplements in order to adjust the protein content of the supplements .In the control-group (MM) animals were fed only mineral mixture, ad libitum. The average daily gain (in g) was 687.8, 733.2, 820.0, 760.6 and 764.5, respectively, for treatments MM, CM0, CM33, CM67 and CM100. Female calves supplemented with multiple supplements showed highest weight gain. No effect of CM levels in the multiple supplement were verified (P>0.10) on average daily gain. The intakes in kg/day of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), digested DM and total digestible nutrients were superior (P 0.10) for animals supplemented with multiple supplementin relation to control animals. Total apparent digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CP and NFC werehigher (P0.10). As a conclusion, utilizingmultiple supplements in the pre-weaning period provides highest weight gain to female calves.

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo e nutricional de bezerras lactentes recebendo misturamineral ou suplementos múltiplos e a produção de leite, o consumo e a digestibilidade do pastoconsumido por vacas de corte, em pastagens de Uruchloa decumbens. Utilizaram-se 48 bezerras decorte, lactentes, com idade média de 5 meses e peso médio inicial de 125,4 + 1,34 kg, e suas respectivasmães com peso inicial médio de 435,2 + 10,3 kg. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramentecasualizado. Os suplementos continham aproximadamente 25% de proteína bruta (PB) e substituiçãoprogressiva do farelo de soja (FS) pelo farelo de algodão 38% (FA) aos níveis de 0; 33; 67 e 100%para os tratamentos FA0, FA33, FA67 e FA100, respectivamente. Adicionou-se ureia aos suplementosvisando ajustar o teor proteico dos suplementos. Os animais do tratamento controle (MM) receberamexclusivamente mistura mineral ad libitum; nos demais tratamentos os suplementos múltiplos foramfornecidos na quantidade de 0,5 kg/animal/dia. O ganho médio diário (g) foi 687,8; 733,2; 820,0; 760,6e 764,5, respectivamente, para os tratamentos MM, FA0, FA33, FA67 e FA100. As bezerras suplementadasapresentaram maior ganho em peso. Não se verificou efeito dos níveis de FA nos suplementos múltiplos(P>0,10) sobre o ganho médio diário. Os consumos em kg/dia de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica(MO), proteína bruta (PB), carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF), MS digerida e nutrientes digestíveistotais foram superiores (P<0,10) em animais suplementados com suplementos múltiplos em relaçãoaos animais suplementados apenas com mistura mineral. Entre os níveis de substituição do FS por FAobservou-se efeito linear decrescente com o aumento do nível de FA sobre o consumo de MS digeridae fibra em detergente neutro digerida.

Supplementation of female calves in creep feeding system and productive and nutritional parameters of beef cows on tropical pasture / Suplementação de bezerras de corte lactentes em sistema de creepfeeding e parâmetros nutricionais e produtivos de vaca de corte em pastejo

The performance of female calves in creep-feeding system receiving only mineral mixture or multiple supplements; and milk production and pasture intake and digestibility of beef cows on Urochloa decumbens pastures, were assessed. Forty-eight suckling female calves aged 5 months on average, with an initial weight of 125.4 ± 1.34 kg, and their respective mothers initially weighing 435.2 ± 10.3 kg, were used. The experimental design was completely randomized. Supplements contained approximately 25% crude protein (CP) and a progressive substitution of soybean meal (SM) by cottonseed meal 38% protein (CM) at the levels of 0, 33, 67 and 100% for treatments CM0, CM33, CM67 and CM100, respectively. Urea was added to supplements in order to adjust the protein content of the supplements .In the control-group (MM) animals were fed only mineral mixture, ad libitum. The average daily gain (in g) was 687.8, 733.2, 820.0, 760.6 and 764.5, respectively, for treatments MM, CM0, CM33, CM67 and CM100. Female calves supplemented with multiple supplements showed highest weight gain. No effect of CM levels in the multiple supplement were verified (P>0.10) on average daily gain. The intakes in kg/day of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), digested DM and total digestible nutrients were superior (P 0.10) for animals supplemented with multiple supplementin relation to control animals. Total apparent digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CP and NFC werehigher (P<0.10) for supplemented animals. The use of supplementation for female calves did not affectperformance of cows, milk yield or ingestion of dietary components (P>0.10). As a conclusion, utilizingmultiple supplements in the pre-weaning period provides highest weight gain to female calves.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo e nutricional de bezerras lactentes recebendo misturamineral ou suplementos múltiplos e a produção de leite, o consumo e a digestibilidade do pastoconsumido por vacas de corte, em pastagens de Uruchloa decumbens. Utilizaram-se 48 bezerras decorte, lactentes, com idade média de 5 meses e peso médio inicial de 125,4 + 1,34 kg, e suas respectivasmães com peso inicial médio de 435,2 + 10,3 kg. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramentecasualizado. Os suplementos continham aproximadamente 25% de proteína bruta (PB) e substituiçãoprogressiva do farelo de soja (FS) pelo farelo de algodão 38% (FA) aos níveis de 0; 33; 67 e 100%para os tratamentos FA0, FA33, FA67 e FA100, respectivamente. Adicionou-se ureia aos suplementosvisando ajustar o teor proteico dos suplementos. Os animais do tratamento controle (MM) receberamexclusivamente mistura mineral ad libitum; nos demais tratamentos os suplementos múltiplos foramfornecidos na quantidade de 0,5 kg/animal/dia. O ganho médio diário (g) foi 687,8; 733,2; 820,0; 760,6e 764,5, respectivamente, para os tratamentos MM, FA0, FA33, FA67 e FA100. As bezerras suplementadasapresentaram maior ganho em peso. Não se verificou efeito dos níveis de FA nos suplementos múltiplos(P>0,10) sobre o ganho médio diário. Os consumos em kg/dia de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica(MO), proteína bruta (PB), carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF), MS digerida e nutrientes digestíveistotais foram superiores (P<0,10) em animais suplementados com suplementos múltiplos em relaçãoaos animais suplementados apenas com mistura mineral. Entre os níveis de substituição do FS por FAobservou-se efeito linear decrescente com o aumento do nível de FA sobre o consumo de MS digeridae fibra em detergente neutro digerida.(AU)