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1.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 101(2): 115-123, 2024 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38997941

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Health care-associated infections (HAIs) contribute to morbidity and mortality and to the dissemination of multidrug-resistant organisms. Children admitted to the intensive care unit undergo invasive procedures that increase their risk of developing HAIs and sepsis. The aim of the study was to analyse factors associated with mortality due to sepsis arising from HAIs. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a case-control study in a 7-bed multipurpose paediatric intensive care unit in a tertiary care teaching hospital. The sample consisted of 90 children admitted between January 2014 and December 2018. The case group consisted of patients who died from sepsis associated with the main health care-associated infections; the control group consisted of patients who survived sepsis associated with the same infections. RESULTS: Death was associated with age less than or equal to 12 months, presence of comorbidity, congenital disease, recurrent ventilator-associated pneumonia and septic shock. In the multiple regression analysis, heart disease (OR, 12.48; CI 2.55-60.93; P = .002), infection by carbapenem-resistant bacteria (OR, 31.51; CI 4.01-247.25; P = .001), cancer (OR, 58.23; CI 4.54-746.27; P = .002), and treatment with adrenaline (OR, 13.14; CI 1.35-128.02; P = .003) continued to be significantly associated with death. CONCLUSIONS: Hospital sepsis secondary to carbapenem-resistant bacteria contributed to a high mortality rate in this cohort. Children with heart disease or neoplasia or who needed vasopressor drugs had poorer outcomes.


Subject(s)
Cross Infection , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Sepsis , Humans , Case-Control Studies , Male , Female , Infant , Sepsis/mortality , Child, Preschool , Risk Factors , Cross Infection/mortality , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Child , Infant, Newborn , Retrospective Studies , Catheter-Related Infections/mortality , Catheter-Related Infections/epidemiology
2.
Rev. epidemiol. controle infecç ; 14(1): 31-37, jan.-mar. 2024. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1567545

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives: bacterial resistance is an important public health problem worldwide and is related to the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials, limiting the available therapeutic options. The COVID-19 pandemic aggravated this scenario, since the lack of a standardized therapy led to a considerable increase in the prescription of these drugs. Therefore, we proposed to investigate the prevalence of bacterial infections and the profile of antimicrobial resistance in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 as well as to point out possible risk factors. Methods: a retrospective study based on the analysis of medical records of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 over the age of 18. Information such as age, gender, length of stay, hospitalization unit, bacterial species and resistance profile and previous use of antimicrobials by patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were collected and analyzed using Excel® 2016. Results: of the 268 patients with COVID-19, 162 had suspected bacterial infections, and 26 patients (9.7%) were confirmed from positive cultures. Furthermore, around 80% of these patients underwent empirical treatment with antimicrobials, the majority of whom were male and admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. A total of 32 bacterial isolates were recovered, of which 59.4% were resistant to at least one class of antimicrobials, with 21.8% being multidrug resistant. Conclusion: despite the low percentage found of patients with COVID-19 who had bacterial infections and of these 21.8% were by multidrug-resistant bacteria, the reinforcement in infection prevention policies and the adequate management in the release of antimicrobials is necessary to reduce the hospital dissemination rates of such bacteria.(AU)


Justificativa e Objetivos: a resistência bacteriana é um importante problema de saúde pública mundial relacionado ao uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos, limitando as opções terapêuticas disponíveis. A pandemia de COVID-19 agravou esse cenário, uma vez que a falta de uma terapia padronizada resultou no aumento considerável na prescrição desses fármacos. Diante disso, propôs-se investigar a prevalência de infecções bacterianas e o perfil de resistência aos antimicrobianos em pacientes diagnosticados com COVID-19, bem como apontar possíveis fatores de risco. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo baseado na análise de prontuários de pacientes internados com COVID-19 com idade superior a 18 anos. Informações como idade, gênero, tempo de internação, unidade de internação, espécie bacteriana e perfil de resistência e uso prévio de antimicrobianos pelos pacientes diagnosticados com COVID-19 foram coletadas e analisadas pelo software Excel® 2016. Resultados: dos 268 pacientes com COVID-19, 162 apresentaram suspeitas de infecções bacterianas, sendo 26 pacientes (9,7%) confirmados a partir de culturas positivas. Ainda, cerca de 80% desses pacientes realizaram tratamento empírico com antimicrobianos, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino e internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Foram recuperados um total de 32 isolados bacterianos, dos quais 59,4% apresentaram resistência a pelo menos uma classe de antimicrobianos, sendo 21,8% multidroga resistente. Conclusão: apesar do baixo percentual encontrado de pacientes com COVID-19 que apresentaram infecções bacterianas e, desses, 21,8% serem causados por bactérias multirresistentes, o reforço nas políticas de prevenção de infecções e o adequado gerenciamento na liberação de antimicrobianos se fazem necessários para a redução das taxas de disseminação hospitalar de tais bactérias.(AU)


Justificación y Objetivos: la resistencia bacteriana es un importante problema de salud pública en todo el mundo y está relacionada con el uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos, lo que limita las opciones terapéuticas disponibles. La pandemia por COVID-19 agravó este escenario, ya que la falta de una terapia estandarizada llevó a un aumento considerable en la prescripción de estos fármacos. Por ello, nos propusimos investigar la prevalencia de infecciones bacterianas y el perfil de resistencia antimicrobiana en pacientes diagnosticados de COVID-19, así como señalar posibles factores de riesgo. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo basado en el análisis de historias clínicas de pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 mayores de 18 años. Información como edad, sexo, duración de la estadía, unidad de hospitalización, especies bacterianas y perfil de resistencia y uso previo de antimicrobianos por parte de pacientes diagnosticados con COVID-19 fueron recopiladas y analizadas mediante el software Excel® 2016. Resultados: de los 268 pacientes con COVID-19, 162 tenían sospecha de infección bacteriana, con 26 pacientes (9,7%) confirmada a partir de cultivos positivos. Además, alrededor del 80% de estos pacientes recibieron tratamiento empírico con antimicrobianos, la mayoría de los cuales eran hombres e ingresaron en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Se recuperaron un total de 32 aislados bacterianos, de los cuales el 59,4% eran resistentes a al menos una clase de antimicrobianos y el 21,8% eran resistentes a múltiples fármacos. Conclusión: a pesar del bajo porcentaje encontrado de pacientes con COVID-19 que presentaron infecciones bacterianas, y de éstas cerca del 21,8% fueron por bacterias multirresistentes, es necesario reforzar las políticas de prevención de infecciones y una gestión adecuada en la liberación de antimicrobianos para reducir las tasas de diseminación hospitalaria de dichas bacterias.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacterial Infections , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Cross Infection , COVID-19/complications , Inpatients
3.
Rev. SOBECC (Online) ; 29: E2429950, Fev. 2024. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1567582

ABSTRACT

Objective: To analyze hand hygiene (HH) adherence indicators among healthcare professionals in a medical day care (MDC) and present strategies used to encourage this practice. Method: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in an MDC located in Salvador, Bahia. Data collection consisted of document analysis and internal audit data on HH practice from 2016 to 2023. Results: HH adherence rates ranged from 39.4 to 81.4%, with an average of 63.9%. Among the evaluated healthcare professionals, nurses showed the highest HH adherence (74.3%), followed by nursing technicians (71.1%) and physicians (50%). Multimodal strategies to encourage HH in this service included HH training, with systematic evaluation con-ducted by nursing coordinators. Conclusion: The HH adherence rates presented are higher than those reported in the literature but below the standar-dized goal of 70% in the MDC studied, confirming that the implementation of this apparently simple practice is a complex, multi-causal issue that requi-res coordination between management policies as well as scientific knowledge in building a culture in favor of this practice in healthcare organizations. (AU)


Objetivo: Analizar los indicadores de adherencia a la higiene de las manos (HM) entre profesionales de la salud de un hospital de día (HD) y pre-sentar las estrategias utilizadas para incentivar esa práctica. Método: Investigación transversal y descriptiva, realizada en un HD ubicado en Salvador, Bahía. La recolección de datos consistió en el análisis documental y de los datos de las auditorías internas de la práctica de HM entre 2016 y 2023. Resultados:Se identificaron porcentajes de adherencia a la HM que oscilaron entre el 39,4% y el 81,4%, con un promedio de 63,9%. De los profesionales de la salud evaluados, los enfermeros presentaron la mayor adherencia a la HM (74,3%), seguidos de los técnicos de enfermería (71,1%) y los médicos (50%). Las estrategias multimodales para estimular la HM adoptadas en este servicio incluyeron la capacitación en HM, con evaluación sistemática realizada por los coordinadores de enfermería. Conclusión: Los porcentajes de adherencia a la HM presentados aquí son superiores a los reportados en la literatura, pero están por debajo del objetivo del 70% estandarizado en el HD estudiado, lo que confirma que la implementación de esta práctica, aparentemente simple, es un tema complejo, multicausal y que requiere articulación entre las políticas de gestión, así como conocimiento científico en la construcción de una cultura a favor de esta práctica en las organizaciones de salud. (AU)


Objetivo: Analisar indicadores de adesão à higienização das mãos (HM) dos profissionais de saúde de um hospital dia (HD) e apresentar estra-tégias utilizadas para incentivo dessa prática. Método: Pesquisa transversal e descritiva realizada em um HD localizado em Salvador, Bahia. A coleta de dados constou de análise documental e dos dados das auditorias internas da prática de HM entre 2016 e 2023. Resultados: Identificaram-se percentuais de adesão à HM de 39,4 a 81,4% e média de 63,9%. Dos profissionais de saúde avaliados, os enfermeiros apresentaram a maior adesão à HM (74,3%), seguidos dos técnicos de Enfermagem (71,1%) e dos médicos (50%). As estratégias multimodais para incentivo à HM adotadas nesse serviço incluíram habilitação em HM, com avaliação sistematizada realizada pelas coordenações de Enfermagem. Conclusão: Os percentuais de adesão à HM apresenta-dos são maiores do que os reportados na literatura, mas abaixo da meta de 70% padronizada no HD estudado, ratificando que a implementação dessa prática, aparentemente simples, é tema complexo, multicausal e que requer articulação entre as políticas de gestão, bem como conhecimento científico na construção de uma cultura em prol dessa prática nas organizações de saúde. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Safety , Hand Hygiene/statistics & numerical data , Cross Infection , Day Care, Medical
4.
Rev. SOBECC (Online) ; 29: E2429940, Fev. 2024. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1567603

ABSTRACT

Objective: To develop infographics as an educational technology to encourage good practices in safe surgery and prevention of healthcare-rela-ted infections. Method: Experience report on the production of informative infographics that present care indicators collected in epidemiological surveil-lance, carried out by the Hospital Infection Control Service of a private hospital in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. The Plan, Do, Check, and Act (PDCA) management tool led the creation steps, with the infographics subsequently being created using the Canva® platform. Results: Infographics aimed at the Surgicenter and Post-Anesthetic Recovery Room sectors were planned in a playful way, with accessible language and attractive visuals, aiming to capture the attention of professionals, following standards from the National Health Surveillance Agency (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária ­ ANVISA). The infographics were printed and distributed in the sectors, helping to disseminate data and clarify frequently asked questions and encouraging ongoing education. Conclusion: The educational technology in infographic format was well accepted by the institution's professionals, allowing them to quickly and accurately inform and clarify doubts about care indicators and encouraging good practices in safe surgery and prevention of health-related infections. (AU)


Objetivo: Desenvolver infográficos como tecnologia educacional para estimular boas práticas de cirurgia segura e prevenção das infecções relacio-nadas à assistência à saúde. Método: Relato de experiência sobre a produção de infográficos informativos que apresentam indicadores assistenciais coleta-dos na vigilância epidemiológica, realizada pelo Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar de um hospital particular de Porto Alegre (RS). A ferramenta de gestão Plan, Do, Check e Act (PDCA) conduziu as etapas de criação, sendo os infográficos posteriormente elaborados com o uso da plataforma Canva®. Resultados: Infográficos direcionados aos setores Centro Cirúrgico e Sala de Recuperação Pós-Anestésica foram planejados de forma lúdica, com linguagem acessível e visual atrativo, visando captar a atenção dos profissionais, seguindo normas da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Os infográ-ficos foram impressos e distribuídos nos setores, contribuindo para divulgar dados e esclarecer dúvidas frequentes e estimulando a educação permanente. Conclusão: A tecnologia educacional em formato de infográficos foi bem aceita pelos profissionais da instituição, permitindo, de forma rápida e acurada, informar e esclarecer dúvidas sobre indicadores assistenciais e estimulando boas práticas de cirurgia segura e prevenção de infecções relacionadas à saúde. (AU)


Objetivo: Desarrollar infografías como tecnología educativa para fomentar buenas prácticas quirúrgicas seguras y prevención de infeccio-nes relacionadas con la atención sanitaria. Método: Relato de experiencia sobre la producción de infografías informativas, que presentan indicadores de atención recogidos en la vigilancia epidemiológica, realizada por el Servicio de Control de Infecciones Hospitalarias de un hospital privado de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. La herramienta de gestión PDCA (Plan, Do, Checkand Act) lideró las etapas de creación, y las infografías fueron posteriormente elaboradas utilizando la plataforma Canva®. Resultados: Se planificaron infografías dirigidas a los sectores "Centro Quirúrgico" y "Sala de Recuperación Postanestésica" en forma lúdica, con un lenguaje accesible y elementos visuales atractivos, con el objetivo de captar la atención de los profesionales, siguiendo los estándares de la ANVISA. Las infografías fueron impresas y distribuidas entre sectores, contribuyendo a difundir datos y aclarar dudas fre-cuentes y fomentar la educación continua. Conclusión: La tecnología educativa en formato infográfico tuvo buena aceptación por los profesionales de la institución, permitiéndoles informar y aclarar dudas sobre indicadores asistenciales de manera rápida y precisa, y estimulando buenas prácticas de ciru-gía segura y prevención de infecciones relacionadas con la salud. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Cross Infection , Health Education , Patient Care Team , Infection Control
5.
Antimicrob Resist Infect Control ; 13(1): 7, 2024 01 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38254156

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Healthcare-associated infections are among the most common complications during hospitalization. These infections increase morbidity and mortality and they increase length of hospital stay and the cost of healthcare. The aims of our study were to monitor hand hygiene (HH) compliance, HH technique quality and factors related to HH practice among health professionals in a COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit (ICU). METHODS: An observational, prospective study. Between September and December 2021, we observed 69 healthcare professionals in an eight-bed ICU for patients with COVID-19 in midwestern Brazil. We used the WHO observation form to collect data. The dependent variable was HH compliance and independent variables were professional category, sex, HH quality (3-step technique for at least 15 s), number of HH opportunities observed, observation shift and inappropriate glove use. RESULTS: We observed 1185 HH opportunities. The overall compliance rate was 26.4%, but only 6.5% were performed with the correct 3-step technique for the minimum time. HH compliance was considerably lower for moments "before" tasks (6.7%; 95% CI 4.8%, 9.2%) compared with moments "after" tasks (43.8%; 95% CI 39.9%, 47.8%). The logistic model found that inappropriate glove use, night shift and physicians (p < 0.001) were associated with low HH compliance. The infrastructure analysis found that the unit had an insufficient number of alcohol-based handrub (ABHR) dispensers at the point of care and that the mechanism for activating them was poorly designed. CONCLUSIONS: HH compliance was very low. Inappropriate glove use was associated with low compliance and the unit's infrastructure did not support good HH practice. The fact that healthcare professionals were more likely to do HH after tasks, suggests that they use HH to protect themselves rather than the patients. Adequate infrastructure and ongoing health education with a focus on HH while caring for patients in contact precautions are essential for improving HH compliance and patient safety.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Cross Infection , Hand Hygiene , Humans , Brazil/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , Prospective Studies , Cross Infection/prevention & control
6.
Rev. Nac. (Itauguá) ; 16(1): 1-15, Ene - Abr. 2024.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533061

ABSTRACT

Introducción: los pacientes con COVID-19 ingresan en mayor proporción a asistencia respiratoria mecánica, aumentando: el riesgo de neumonía asociada a ventilador (NAV) las tasas de mortalidad, los días de permanencia en las unidades de terapia intensiva (UCI) y los costos sanitarios. Objetivo: determinar la Mortalidad intrahospitalaria de pacientes con COVID-19 complicados con neumonías bacterianas en asistencia respiratoria mecánica en Cuidados Intensivos de Adultos en un Hospital del Paraguay durante los años 2020 a 2021. Metodología: estudio analítico de tipo cohorte retrospectiva. Se registraron variables demográficas, comorbilidades, puntajes en scores de gravedad como el APACHE II al ingreso, la cifra más baja de oxigenación durante la internación expresado por la PaO2 / FIO2, días de ventilación, colocación en decúbito prono, traqueotomía, medidas terapéuticas farmacológicas y no farmacológicas, días de internación, así como las complicaciones y la mortalidad. Resultados: fueron incluidos 214 pacientes, 135 ingresaron a asistencia respiratoria mecánica (ARM) de los cuales 58 (42,9 %) desarrollaron NAV, con edad mediana de 52 años (40-60). Los microorganismos de NAV fueron cocos Gram negativos en 98,3 %, incluyendo Acinetobacter baumanii en 46,5 %, Klebsiella pneumoniae en 22,8 %, Pseudomona aeruginosa en 15,5 % y 5,2 % Stenotrophomona maltofilia. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue del 44,8 %. Los menores de 50 años tienen una sobrevida mayor que los mayores (34 días vs 22 días, con p de 0,026). Conclusión: la mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue del 44,8 %. La edad fue un factor de riesgo independiente para la mortalidad en pacientes con NAV, por lo que los profesionales de la salud deben estar atentos a la posibilidad de NAV en pacientes que requieren asistencia respiratoria mecánica, especialmente en pacientes mayores de 50 años.


Introduction: patients with COVID-19 are more likely to require mechanical ventilation, which increases the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), mortality rates, length of stay in intensive care units (ICUs), and healthcare costs. Objective: to determine the in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19 complicated by bacterial pneumonia on mechanical ventilation in Adult Intensive Care in a Hospital in Paraguay during the years 2020 to 2021. Methodology: this is a retrospective cohort analytical study. Demographic variables, comorbidities, severity scores such as APACHE II on admission, the worst oxygenation during hospitalization expressed by PaO2/FiO2, days of ventilation, prone position, tracheostomy, pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic measures, days of hospitalization, as well as complications and mortality were recorded. Results: a total of 214 patients were included, 135 were admitted to mechanical ventilation (MRA), of which 58 (42.9%) developed VAP, with a median age of 52 years (40-60). VAP microorganisms were Gram-negative cocci in 98.3%, including Acinetobacter baumanii in 46.5%, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 22.8%, Pseudomona aeruginosa in 15.5%, and Stenotrophomona maltophilia in 5.2%. In-hospital mortality was 44.8%. Those under 50 years of age have a longer survival than those older (34 days vs. 22 days, with p of 0.026). Conclusion: the overall mortality rate was 44.8%. Age was an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with VAP, so healthcare professionals should be aware of the possibility of VAP in patients who require mechanical ventilation, especially in patients over 50 years of age.

7.
Acta Paul. Enferm. (Online) ; 37: eAPE002191, 2024. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1527574

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a eficácia antimicrobiana de um dispositivo fixo emissor de luz UV-C na desinfecção de diferentes superfícies do ambiente hospitalar e sua eficácia antifúngica na qualidade do ar. Métodos Estudo quase-experimental realizado em uma unidade de internação hospitalar, que utilizou o Bioamostrador de ar Andersen® de seis estágios para análise do ar; e na avaliação das superfícies, utilizaram-se três suspensões de microrganismos (Acinetobacter sp. MDR, Escherichia coli e Klebsiella pneumoniae produtora de KPC) para contaminar o ambiente. Para ambos foram feitas coletas pré (controle) e pós-acionamento da luz UV-C (teste). Resultados Na avaliação do ar houve uma redução importante da contagem de colônias após a luz UV-C e não foram encontrados fungos patogênicos ou toxigênicos em nenhum dos dois momentos. Em relação à desinfecção das superfícies, nenhum crescimento bacteriano foi observado após a intervenção da luz, demonstrando 100% de inativação bacteriana nas condições testadas. Conclusão A utilização da tecnologia com emissão de luz UV-C fixa foi eficaz e pode ser considerada uma intervenção promissora para protocolos de desinfecção de superfícies hospitalares.


Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la eficacia antimicrobiana de un dispositivo fijo emisor de luz UV-C para la desinfección de diferentes superficies del ambiente hospitalario y su eficacia antifúngica en la calidad del aire. Métodos Estudio cuasi experimental realizado en una unidad de internación hospitalaria, en que se utilizó el biomuestreador de aire Andersen® de seis etapas para el análisis del aire. En el análisis de las superficies, se utilizaron tres suspensiones de microorganismos (Acinetobacter sp. MDR, Escherichia coli y Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de KPC) para contaminar el ambiente. En ambos se tomó una muestra antes (control) y después de accionar la luz UV-C (prueba). Resultados En el análisis del aire hubo una reducción importante del recuento de colonias después de la luz UV-C y no se encontraron hongos patógenos ni toxigénicos en ninguno de los dos momentos. Con relación a la desinfección de las superficies, no se observó ningún crecimiento bacteriano después de la intervención de la luz, lo que demuestra un 100 % de inactivación bacteriana en las condiciones analizadas. Conclusión El uso de la tecnología con emisión de luz UV-C fija fue eficaz y puede ser considerada una intervención prometedora para protocolos de desinfección de superficies hospitalarias.


Abstract Objective To evaluate a fixed UV-C light emitting device for its antimicrobial effectiveness in the disinfection of distinct surfaces and its antifungal effectiveness on air quality in the hospital environment. Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted in a hospital inpatient unit, in which a six-stage air Biosampler (Andersen®) was used for air analysis. In the evaluation of surfaces, three suspensions of microorganisms (Acinetobacter sp. multidrug-resistant, Escherichia coli, and KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae) were used to contaminate the environment. In both evaluations, pre- (control) and post-activation of UV-C light (test) collections were made. Results In the air evaluation, an important reduction was observed in the colony count after irradiation with UV-C light, and pathogenic or toxigenic fungi were not found in either of the two moments. Regarding the disinfection of surfaces, no bacterial growth was observed after the application of UV-C light, showing 100% bacterial inactivation under the tested conditions. Conclusion The use of fixed UV-C light emission technology was effective and can be considered a promising intervention for hospital surface disinfection protocols.


Subject(s)
Ultraviolet Rays , Disinfection/methods , Infection Control , Air/parasitology , Air Microbiology , Hospitalization , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
8.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1553845

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Há alguns fatores preditores para ocorrência de Infecção de Trato Urinário (ITU) no processo do cuidado na Clínica Médica (CM) de um Hospital Universitário (HU) como idade e tempo de internamento sendo o controle um desafio para a saúde pública. Objetivo: Descrever os principais agentes microbiológicos de ITU hospitalar na CM nos anos de 2015-16 e avaliar a suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo seccional e de busca na base de dados da CCIH do HU. Resultados: Em 2015 obteve se uma prevalência de 6,5% de ITU hospitalar, o agente biológico mais comum foi Klebsiella pneumoniae. Já em 2016, a prevalência foi de 5,3%; os agentes microbiológicos foram Candida spp. e Escherichia coli. Conclusão: A ITU hospitalar demonstra ser uma condição ainda bastante prevalente no HU, tendo como principal agente em 2015 a Klebsiella pneumoniae e em 2016 a Escherichia coli, ambos com uma maior susceptibilidade aos carbapenêmicos.


Introduction: There are some predictive factors for the occurrence of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in the care process at the Medical Clinic (CM) of a University Hospital (HU) such as age and length of stay, being control a challenge for public health. Objective: To describe the main microbiological agents of hospital UTI in CM in the years 2015-16 and to assess susceptibility to antimicrobials. Methodology: It is a descriptive and sectional study with research through the database of hospital infection control committee (HICC). Results: In 2015, there was a 6.5% prevalence of hospital UTI, the most common biological agent was Klebsiella pneumoniae. In 2016, the prevalence was 5.3%; the microbiological agents were Candida spp. and Escherichia coli. Conclusion: Hospital UTI proves to be still a very prevalent condition in HU, having Klebsiella pneumoniae as its main agent in 2015 and Escherichia coli in 2016, both with greater susceptibility to carbapenems.


Introducción: Existen algunos factores predictores de aparición de Infección del Tracto Urinario (ITU) en el proceso asistencial en la Clínica Médica (CM) de un Hospital Universitario (HU), como la edad y el tiempo de estancia, y su control es un reto para la salud pública. Objetivo: Describir los principales agentes microbiológicos de ITU de adquisición hospitalaria en la CM en 2015-16 y evaluar la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, transversal, basado en una búsqueda en la base de datos CCIH del HU. Resultados: En 2015, la prevalencia de ITU adquirida en el hospital fue del 6,5%, y el agente biológico más frecuente fue Klebsiella pneumoniae. En 2016, la prevalencia fue del 5,3%; los agentes microbiológicos fueron Candida spp. y Escherichia coli. Conclusión: La ITU hospitalaria sigue siendo una patología muy prevalente en la UH, siendo Klebsiella pneumoniae el principal agente en 2015 y Escherichia coli en 2016, ambos con mayor susceptibilidad a carbapenems.

9.
Curitiba; s.n; 20231205. 206 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1561887

ABSTRACT

Resumo: O SARS-CoV-2, identificado em janeiro de 2020, disseminou-se rapidamente, dando origem a uma pandemia em escala mundial que vitimou mais de 700 mil pessoas no Brasil e 6 milhões no mundo. A Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica (PAV) foi frequente entre os pacientes críticos. Este estudo objetivou analisar a ocorrência de PAV em pacientes com SARS-CoV-2 internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) para adultos de Curitiba e os fatores de risco associados. Coorte, retrospectiva, multicêntrica, que incluiu quatro hospitais com UTI. Foram elegíveis pacientes com idade = 18 anos, com diagnóstico de COVID-19, admitidos em 2020 nas UTIs participantes, e que fizeram uso de ventilação mecânica (VM) por período >48 horas. As associações e comparações entre a variável dependente e independentes foram testadas, e as variáveis que apresentaram potenciais associações (p<0,05) foram incluídas no modelo de regressão logística multivariada. Foram triados 1354 prontuários, e incluídos 330 pacientes. A amostra é composta por 192 (58,18%) do sexo masculino, mais de 80% com idade superior a 40 anos e 71,51% (236) com múltiplas comorbidades. Dispneia, tosse e dessaturação foram os sintomas mais prevalentes. Mais de 50% dos participantes evoluíram com IRAS e 243 (73,64%) evoluíram com óbito. Um terço dos pacientes apresentaram pelo menos um episódio de PAV durante sua estadia na UTI, com densidade de incidência de 34,97 casos por 1000 dias de VM, 67,57% (75) com >7 dias de VM. Dos microrganismos causadores de PAV, 42,37% (50) eram multirresistentes, com predominância de bactérias gramnegativas (61,32%). Os fatores associados a maiores chances de PAV na análise bivariada foram: Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) entre 25 e 29,9, hospital de admissão H1, dispneia, tempo de internação na UTI, prona e maior número de pronações, lesão por pressão, uso de pancurônio e aspirado traqueal positivo. Para a análise multivariada mantiveram-se as associações para: prona (OR= 3,77), IMC 25-29 kg/m² (OR= 4,76), lesão por pressão (OR= 4,41), tempo de internamento na UTI (OR= 1,06), aspirado traqueal positivo antes da PAV (OR= 5,41) e dispneia (OR= 3,80). Os indivíduos com COVID-19 apresentam alto risco de PAV, o que impacta no aumento da mortalidade (OR = 2,18), e requer o cumprimento estrito das medidas de controle e prevenção de infecção, e implementação de medidas preventivas adicionais. Múltiplos fatores aumentam as chances dos pacientes com COVID-19 desenvolverem PAV: sobrecarga de trabalho nas instituições de saúde, posição de prona, tempo prolongado de UTI, infusão de múltiplas drogas, uso de dispositivos invasivos e, em especial, a imobilidade no leito, traduzida nesta pesquisa pela presença de lesão por pressão, uso de pancurônio e prona. Espera-se que o conhecimento inédito e original produzido, sistematizado e discutido amplamente nesse estudo impacte a realidade do cuidado ao paciente crítico, e inspire o aprofundamento na investigação sobre o tema. O estudo é passível de ser replicado em outras realidades, e suas evidências são elegíveis para compor estudos de revisão sistemática, que subsidiem a discussão de novos achados sobre PAV no mundo, bem como contribuir na produção de novas evidências na temática.


Abstract: SARS-CoV-2, identified in January 2020, spread rapidly, giving rise to a global pandemic that killed more than 700,000 people in Brazil and 6 million worldwide. Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) was common among critically ill patients. This study aimed to analyze the occurrence of VAP in patients with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to an adult Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in Curitiba and the associated risk factors. Retrospective, multicenter cohort, which included four hospitals with ICU. Patients aged = 18 years, diagnosed with COVID-19, admitted in 2020 to the participating ICUs, and who used mechanical ventilation (MV) for a period >48 hours were eligible. Associations and comparisons between the dependent and independent variables were tested, and the variables that showed potential associations (p<0.05) were included in the multivariate logistic regression model. 1354 medical records were screened, and 330 patients were included. The sample consists of 192 (58.18%) males, more than 80% over 40 years of age and 71.51% (236) with multiple comorbidities. Dyspnea, cough and desaturation were the most prevalent symptoms. More than 50% of participants developed HAIs and 243 (73.64%) died. One third of patients had at least one episode of VAP during their stay in the ICU, with an incidence density of 34.97 cases per 1000 days of MV, 67.57% (75) with >7 days of MV. Of the microorganisms that cause VAP, 42.37% (50) were multidrug-resistant, with a predominance of gram-negative bacteria (61.32%). The factors associated with greater chances of VAP in the bivariate analysis were: Body Mass Index (BMI) between 25 and 29.9, admission hospital H1, dyspnea, length of stay in the ICU, prone and greater number of pronations, pressure injury , use of pancuronium and positive tracheal aspirate. For the multivariate analysis, the associations were maintained for: prone (OR= 3.77), BMI 25-29 kg/m² (OR= 4.76), pressure injury (OR= 4.41), length of stay in the ICU (OR= 1.06), positive tracheal aspirate before VAP (OR= 5.41) and dyspnea (OR= 3.80). Individuals with COVID-19 are at high risk of VAP, which impacts increased mortality (OR = 2.18), and requires strict compliance with infection control and prevention measures, and implementation of additional preventive measures. Multiple factors increase the chances of patients with COVID-19 developing VAP: work overload in healthcare institutions, prone position, prolonged ICU time, infusion of multiple drugs, use of invasive devices and, in particular, immobility in bed, translated in this research by the presence of pressure injury, use of pancuronium and prone position. It is expected that the new and original knowledge produced, systematized and widely discussed in this study will impact the reality of care for critically ill patients, and inspire further research on the topic. The study can be replicated in other realities, and its evidence is eligible to be part of systematic review studies, which support the discussion of new findings on VAP in the world, as well as contributing to the production of new evidence on the subject.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Patients , Cross Infection , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Intensive Care Units
10.
Braz J Cardiovasc Surg ; 38(6): e20230006, 2023 10 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37797245

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Since the reduction of healthcare-associated infections has been a focus for quality patient care, this study aimed to evaluate the surgical site infection rate of children who underwent cardiovascular surgery after implementation of ozonized water system for hand and body hygiene allied to previously implemented preventive measures. METHODS: Two uniformly comparable groups of pediatric patients underwent cardiovascular surgery. Group A (187) patients were operated prior to installation of ozonized water system (March 1 to August 31, 2019), and group B (214) patients were operated after installation of ozonized water system (October 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020). Ozonized water was used for professional hand hygiene and patient body hygiene. RESULTS: There was statistical significance for surgical site infection reduction in group B (P=0.0289), with a relative risk of 0.560 (95% confidence interval = 0.298 to 0.920), inferring the risk of being diagnosed with surgical site infections in group B was 44% less than in group A. There was no statistical significance regarding mechanical ventilation time (P=0.1998) or mortality (P=0.4457). CONCLUSION: Ozonized water for professional hand hygiene and patient body hygiene was an adjuvant combined with traditional preventive methods to reduce the risk of surgical site infection, although no impact on hospital stay or mortality was observed.


Subject(s)
Cross Infection , Surgical Wound Infection , Humans , Child , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control , Water , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Length of Stay
11.
Rev. epidemiol. controle infecç ; 13(3): 158-163, jul.-set. 2023. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1532001

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives: Recently, complementary resources and equipment have emerged to improve prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Our aim is to verify availability and use of different resources/ equipment by infection controllers. Methods: We conducted a survey with infection controllers from the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by invitation using a social media group, in August 2022. Nine different resources and equipment were evaluated. Categorical and continuous variables were evaluated by the chi-square test and Mann­Whitney U test, respectively. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: One hundred and eight persons answered the questionnaire. The mean age was 42.8 years (SD +/- 8.5 years) and 53 (49.1%) reported most of their workload in public hospitals, 45 (41.7%) in private hospitals and 10 (9.2%) reported the same workload in public and private hospitals. Sixty-there percent reported teaching activities in their institutions. There was no correlation between the existence of teaching activities and hospital profile (p=0.42). The most common resource available was molecular biology (PCR) for microbiological samples research for 73 (67.6%) participants. The second resource most available was applications (Apps) for HAIs prevention and control for 33 (30.6%), 19 (17.6%) reported no availability of resource/equipment technology. Conclusion: Molecular biology (PCR) for microbiological samples research was the most common resource available for infection controllers of an important state of Brazil.(AU)


Justificativas e Objetivos: Recentemente, recursos e equipamentos complementares têm surgido para melhorar a prevenção de infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde. O objetivo deste artigo é verificar a disponibilidade e o uso de diferentes recursos e equipamentos pelos controladores de infecção. Métodos: Realizamos uma pesquisa do tipo survey com controladores de infecção do estado do Rio de Janeiro, por meio de convite pela mídia social, em agosto de 2022. Nove diferentes recursos e equipamentos foram avaliados quanto à disponibilidade e ao uso. Variáveis categóricas e contínuas foram avaliadas pelo teste qui-quadrado e Mann-Whitney, respectivamente. Um valor de p menor que 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados: Cento e oito pessoas responderam ao questionário. A média de idade foi de 42,8 anos (DP +/- 8,5 anos), e 53(49,1%) relataram maior carga de trabalho em hospitais públicos, 45 (41,7%) em hospitais privados e 10(9,2%) carga horária similar nos dois tipos de hospitais. Dos 108, 63% relataram a existência de atividades de ensino nas instituições. Não houve correlação entre existência de atividades de ensino e tipo de hospital (p=0,42). O recurso mais disponível foi o uso de biologia molecular (reação em cadeia de polimerase) por 73 (67,6%) participantes. A segunda ferramenta mais encontrada foi o uso de aplicativos para prevenção e controle de infecção para 33 (30,6%) desses participantes. Dezenove deles (17,6%) relataram ausência de todos os recursos/equipamentos. Conclusão: O uso de biologia molecular para pesquisa de amostras biológicas foi o recurso mais disponível para controladores de infecção de um importante estado brasileiro.(AU)


Antecedentes y objetivos: Recientemente han surgido recursos y equipos complementarios para mejorar la prevención de las infecciones asociadas a la atención de la salud. El objetivo es verificar la disponibilidad y el uso de diferentes recursos/equipos por los controladores de infecciones. Métodos: Realizamos una encuesta entre los controladores de infecciones del estado de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, por invitación en redes sociales, en agosto de 2022. Se evaluó la disponibilidad y uso de nueve recursos y equipos diferentes. Las variables categóricas y continuas se evaluaron mediante las pruebas de chi-cuadrado y Mann-Whitney, respectivamente. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo un valor de p < 0.05. Resultados: Ciento ocho personas respondieron al cuestionario. La edad media fue de 42,8 años (DE +/- 8,5 años) y 53 (49,1%) reportaron mayor carga de trabajo en hospitales públicos, 45 (41,7%) en privados y 10 (9,2%) reportaron la misma carga en hospitales públicos y privados. De los 108, el 63% reportó actividades docentes en sus instituciones. No hubo correlación entre la existencia de actividades docentes y el tipo de hospital (p=0,42). El recurso más disponible fue el uso de la biología molecular (reacción en cadena de la polimerasa) por 73 (67,6%) participantes. El segundo más común fue el uso de aplicaciones de prevención y control de infecciones por 33 (30,6%) participantes. Diecinueve participantes (17,6%) señalaron la ausencia de todos los recursos/equipos. Conclusiones: El uso de la biología molecular para investigar muestras microbiológicas fue el recurso/equipo más disponible para los controladores de infecciones de un importante estado brasileño.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Cross Infection , Infection Control , Biomedical Technology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Molecular Biology
12.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 17(3): 281-287, sept. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514385

ABSTRACT

La odontología frente al virus SARS-CoV-2 ha sido calificada como la práctica que conlleva más riesgo comparado a otras profesiones en el ámbito de la salud, sobre todo porque el campo de trabajo es la cavidad oral, exponiéndose a diferentes agentes patógenos que podrían poner en riesgo la vida de los odontólogos, y ante el COVID-19 se expone esta preocupante realidad, por lo que a nivel internacional y local se han restructurado los protocolos de atención odontológica. El objetivo del presente estudio fue para concientizar la necesidad de prevenir la morbimortalidad por las infecciones cruzadas, mediante un espacio seguro, con la aplicación estricta de la bioseguridad para todos los que participan en la consulta estomatológica. La presente revisión ha encontrado coincidencias de criterios, así como, recomendaciones universales en la prevención de las infecciones cruzadas y manejo de la seguridad ante el riesgo de contagio.


Dentistry against the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been classified as the practice that carries more risk compared to other professions in the field of health, especially since the field of work is the oral cavity, exposing itself to different pathogens that could putting the lives of dentists at risk, and in the face of COVID-19 this worrying reality is exposed, so at the international and local level dental care protocols have been restructured. The objective of this study is to raise awareness of the need to prevent morbidity and mortality due to cross infections, through a safe space, with the strict application of biosafety for all those who participate in the stomatological consultation. The present review has found coincidences of criteria, as well as universal recommendations in the prevention of cross infections and management of safety in the face of the risk of contagion.


Subject(s)
Humans , Containment of Biohazards , Oral Medicine , Security Measures , Dental Health Services , COVID-19/prevention & control
13.
Antibiotics (Basel) ; 12(7)2023 Jun 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37508204

ABSTRACT

Recognition of risk factors for hospital-acquired infections (HAI) in patients with COVID-19 is warranted. We aimed to describe factors associated with the development of HAI in patients with severe COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all adult patients admitted with severe COVID-19 between March 2020 and November 2020. The primary outcome was HAI development. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression models were constructed. Among 1540 patients, HAI occurred in 221 (14%). A total of 299 episodes of HAI were registered. The most common HAI were hospital-acquired/ventilation-associated pneumonia (173 episodes) and primary bloodstream infection (66 episodes). Death occurred in 387 (35%) patients and was more frequent in patients with HAI (38% vs. 23%, p < 0.01). Early mechanical ventilation (aOR 18.78, 95% CI 12.56-28.07), chronic kidney disease (aOR 3.41, 95% CI 1.4-8.27), use of corticosteroids (aOR 2.95, 95% CI 1.92-4.53) and tocilizumab (aOR 2.68, 95% CI 1.38-5.22), age ≥ 60 years (aOR 1.91, 95% CI 1.27-2.88), male sex (aOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.03-2.24), and obesity (aOR 1.49, 95% CI 1.03-2.15) were associated with HAI. In patients with severe COVID-19, mechanical ventilation within the first 24 h upon admission, chronic kidney disease, use of corticosteroids, use of tocilizumab, age ≥ 60 years, male sex, and obesity were associated with a higher risk of HAI.

14.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex ; 80(1): 29-35, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36867569

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a hospital problem with a prevalence of approximately 5% in Mexico. HCAIs have been related to the patient-nurse ratio (PNR). This study aimed to analyze the association between PNR and HCAI in a tertiary-level pediatric hospital. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive and prospective study at a tertiary-level pediatric hospital in Mexico. Nursing attendance and HCAIs records were documented from July 2017 to December 2018. PNR was calculated using nurse staffing records and patient census. RESULTS: We obtained 63,114 staff attendance data from five hospital departments for the morning, evening, and night shifts. PNR > 2:1 was associated with a 54% (95% confidence interval (CI) 42-167%; p < 0.001) increased risk (odds ratio (OR)) for HCAIs, adjusted by shift staff, special conditions, and surveillance periods. The HCAIs more associated with PNR were urinary tract infections (OR 1.83; 95%CI 1.34-2.46), procedure-related pneumonia (OR 2.08; 95%CI 1.41-3.07), and varicella (OR 2.33; 95%CI 1.08-5.03). CONCLUSIONS: A high number of patients per nurse increased the probability of various types of HCAI. PNR needs to be established the HCAI guidelines and policies, as regulating the number of patients per nurse can prevent HCAIs and their complications.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Las infecciones asociadas a la atención a la salud (IAAS) son un problema para los hospitales; en México se ha reportado una prevalencia de alrededor del 5%. Las IAAS se han relacionado con el índice paciente-enfermera (IPE). El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la asociación entre el IPE y las IAAS en un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo en un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel en México. Los registros de asistencia de enfermeras y de IAAS se documentaron desde julio de 2017 hasta diciembre de 2018. El IPE se calculó utilizando los registros de personal de enfermería y el censo de pacientes. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron 63,114 datos de asistencia del personal de cinco departamentos del hospital para los turnos de mañana, tarde y noche. El IPE > 2:1 se asoció con un aumento del 54% (IC95% 42­167%; p < 0.001) de riesgo (razón de momios [RM]) para IAAS, ajustado por personal de turno, condiciones especiales y periodos de vigilancia. Las IAAS mayormente asociadas con el IPE fueron infecciones del tracto urinario (RM 1.83; IC 95% 1.34-2.46), neumonía relacionada con procedimientos (RM 2.08; IC95% 1.41-3.07) y varicela (RM 2.33; IC95% 1.08-5.03). CONCLUSIONES: Un alto número de pacientes por enfermera aumenta las probabilidades de varios tipos de IAAS. Es fundamental que el IPE se establezca en las guías y políticas en materia de IAAS, ya que regular el número de pacientes por enfermera puede prevenir las IAAS, así como sus complicaciones.


Subject(s)
Cross Infection , Humans , Child , Prospective Studies , Hospitals, Pediatric , Mexico , Delivery of Health Care
15.
Enferm. foco (Brasília) ; 14: 1-7, mar. 20, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1428650

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar a aplicação de estratégia tecnológica, Quiz Interativo "Manejando RSS", como ferramenta facilitadora para capacitação em serviço sobre manejo de resíduos de serviços de saúde para profissionais atuantes em Maternidade de Alto Risco. Métodos: Pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida no período de 14 a 17 de janeiro de 2020. A população foi composta de 60 profissionais de diferentes categorias, selecionados através de amostragem por conveniência. Os dados foram coletados através da aplicação de questionário semiestruturado ao final da participação dos profissionais na atividade de capacitação. Os dados encontrados foram inseridos no Google Forms, cujos recursos auxiliaram na análise descritiva de frequência e interpretação. Resultados: Do total de 60 participantes, 90% consideraram ótima a relevância do tema, tanto quanto 85% os assuntos abordados, 88,3% a metodologia utilizada, 58,3% o tempo destinado à atividade, 63,3% o aproveitamento da atividade, e a contribuição para melhoria da qualidade assistencial, 81,6%. Contudo, 60% dos participantes não emitiram críticas nem sugestões sobre a atividade desenvolvida. Conclusão: O estudo evidenciou que a estratégia implementada foi fundamental para estimular o envolvimento e participação da equipe multiprofissional em atividade de educação em serviço, contribuindo para as Boas Práticas no manejo de resíduos de serviços de saúde. (AU)


Objective: Evaluate the application of a technological strategy, Interactive Quiz "Handling Medical Waste", as a facilitating tool for in-service training on the management of Medical Waste for professionals working in High-Risk Maternity Hospitals. Methods: Exploratory, descriptive research, quantitative approach, developed in the period from January 14 to 17, 2020. The population consisted of 60 professionals from different categories, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected through the application of a semi-structured questionnaire at the end of the participation of professionals in the training activity. The data found were entered into Google Forms, whose resources helped in the descriptive analysis of frequency and interpretation. Results: Of the total of 60 participants, 90% considered the relevance of the topic excellent, as much as 85% the subjects covered, 88.3% the methodology used, 58.3% the time devoted to the activity, 63.3% the use of the activity, and the contribution to improving the quality of care, 81.6%. However, 60% of the participants did not issue criticism or suggestions about the activity developed. Conclusion: The study showed that the implemented strategies were essential to encourage the involvement and participation of the multidisciplinary team in in-service education activities, contributing to Good Practices in the management of Medical Waste. (AU)


Objetivo: Evaluar la aplicación de una estrategia tecnológica, Quiz Interactivo "Manipulación de Residuos Sanitarios", como herramienta facilitadora de la formación en servicio en gestión de residuos sanitarios para profesionales que laboran en Maternidades de Alto Riesgo. Métodos: Investigación exploratoria, descriptiva, enfoque cuantitativo, desarrollado en el período del 14 al 17 de enero de 2020. La población estuvo conformada por 60 profesionales de diferentes categorias, seleccionados mediante muestreo de conveniencia. La recogida de datos se realizó mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario semiestructurado al finalizar la participación de los profesionales en la actividad formativa. Los datos encontrados fueron ingresados en Google Forms, cuyos recursos ayudaron en el análisis descriptivo de frecuencia e interpretación. Resultados: Del total de 60 participantes, el 90% consideró excelente la relevancia del tema, hasta 85% de los sujetos cubiertos, 88,3% la metodología utilizada, 58,3% el tiempo dedicado a la actividad, 63,3% el uso de la actividad, y el contribución a la mejora de la calidad de la atención, 81,6%. Sin embargo, el 60% de los participantes no emitió críticas ni sugerencias sobre la actividad desarrollada. Conclusión: El estudio mostró que las estrategias implementadas fueron fundamentales para incentivar el involucramiento y participación del equipo multidisciplinario en las actividades de educación en servicio, contribuyendo a las Buenas Prácticas en la gestión de residuos de los servicios sanitarios. (AU)


Subject(s)
Medical Waste , Cross Infection , Waste Management , Professional Training , Hospitals, Maternity
16.
Enferm. foco (Brasília) ; 14: 1-8, mar. 20, 2023. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1428837

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: quantificar e investigar casos de microrganismos durante o primeiro ano da pandemia da COVID-19, em hospital da região sul do Brasil, referência para tratamento de sintomáticos da doença e, analisar os desfechos das infecções pelos microrganismos estudados. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado em unidade hospitalar de ensino da região dos Campos Gerais - Paraná. Analisouse os exames de cultura positivas coletadas após 48 horas de internação dos pacientes, juntamente com o perfil de sensibilidade destes microrganismos. Os dados correspondem ao período entre janeiro de 2020 a janeiro de 2021 e foram analisados descritivamente segundo microrganismo, sensibilidade e óbitos. Resultados: houve crescimento na detecção de microrganismos no intervalo de agosto/20 e janeiro/21, correspondente ao período pandêmico da COVID-19. Os microrganismos mais frequentes foram Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli. Também observou-se maior frequência de óbitos por infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde nas unidades de terapia intensiva no mesmo período. Conclusão: verificou-se aumento da incidência de microrganismos associados a infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde em paralelo ao crescimento da pandemia na região estudada e, uma maior frequência de óbitos por infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde na ala de atendimento exclusivo COVID-19. (AU)


Objective: to quantify and investigate microorganisms associated with hospital healthcare-associated infections during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic and analyze their outcomes. Methods: cross-sectional study carried out in a teaching hospital in the Campos Gerais region ­ Paraná. Positive culture tests collected after 48 hours of patient admission were analyzed, along with the sensitivity profile of these microorganisms. The data correspond to the period from January 2020 to January 2021 and were analyzed descriptively according to microorganism, sensitivity and deaths. Results: there was an increase in the detection of microorganisms in the interval from August 2020 and January 2021, corresponding to the COVID-19 pandemic period. The most frequent microorganisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. There was also a higher frequency of deaths due to healthcare-associated infections in intensive care units in the same period. Conclusion: there was an increase in the incidence of microorganisms associated with healthcare-associated infections in parallel with the growth of the pandemic in the studied region and a higher frequency of deaths from healthcare-associated infections in the exclusive care ward for COVID-19. (AU)


Objetivo: cuantificar e investigar microorganismos asociados a las infecciones relacionadas con la asistencia sanitaria durante el primer año de la pandemia de COVID-19 y analizar sus resultados. Métodos: estudio transversal realizado en un hospital universitario de la región de Campos Gerais ­ Paraná. Se analizaron las pruebas de cultivo positivas recogidas 48 horas después del ingreso de los pacientes, junto con el perfil de sensibilidad de estos microorganismos. Los datos corresponden al período comprendido entre enero de 2020 y enero de 2021 y se analizaron descriptivamente según microorganismo, sensibilidad y muertes. Resultados: hubo un aumento en la detección de microorganismos en el intervalo entre agosto de 2020 y enero de 2021, correspondiente al período pandémico de COVID-19. Los microorganismos más frecuentes fueron Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus y Escherichia coli. También se notó una mayor frecuencia de muertes por infecciones asociadas a la asistencia sanitaria en unidades de cuidados intensivos en el mismo período. Conclusión: se observó un aumento en la incidencia de microorganismos asociados a las infecciones relacionadas con la asistencia sanitaria en paralelo con el crecimiento de la pandemia en la región estudiada y una mayor frecuencia de muertes por infecciones relacionadas con la asistencia sanitaria en el sector de atención exclusiva de COVID-19. (AU)


Subject(s)
Coronavirus , Cross Infection , Critical Care Nursing
17.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 80(1): 29-35, Jan.-Feb. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1429937

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a hospital problem with a prevalence of approximately 5% in Mexico. HCAIs have been related to the patient-nurse ratio (PNR). This study aimed to analyze the association between PNR and HCAI in a tertiary-level pediatric hospital. Methods: We conducted a descriptive and prospective study at a tertiary-level pediatric hospital in Mexico. Nursing attendance and HCAIs records were documented from July 2017 to December 2018. PNR was calculated using nurse staffing records and patient census. Results: We obtained 63,114 staff attendance data from five hospital departments for the morning, evening, and night shifts. PNR > 2:1 was associated with a 54% (95% confidence interval (CI) 42-167%; p < 0.001) increased risk (odds ratio (OR)) for HCAIs, adjusted by shift staff, special conditions, and surveillance periods. The HCAIs more associated with PNR were urinary tract infections (OR 1.83; 95%CI 1.34-2.46), procedure-related pneumonia (OR 2.08; 95%CI 1.41-3.07), and varicella (OR 2.33; 95%CI 1.08-5.03). Conclusions: A high number of patients per nurse increased the probability of various types of HCAI. PNR needs to be established the HCAI guidelines and policies, as regulating the number of patients per nurse can prevent HCAIs and their complications.


Resumen Introducción: Las infecciones asociadas a la atención a la salud (IAAS) son un problema para los hospitales; en México se ha reportado una prevalencia de alrededor del 5%. Las IAAS se han relacionado con el índice paciente-enfermera (IPE). El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la asociación entre el IPE y las IAAS en un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo en un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel en México. Los registros de asistencia de enfermeras y de IAAS se documentaron desde julio de 2017 hasta diciembre de 2018. El IPE se calculó utilizando los registros de personal de enfermería y el censo de pacientes. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 63,114 datos de asistencia del personal de cinco departamentos del hospital para los turnos de mañana, tarde y noche. El IPE > 2:1 se asoció con un aumento del 54% (IC95% 42–167%; p < 0.001) de riesgo (razón de momios [RM]) para IAAS, ajustado por personal de turno, condiciones especiales y periodos de vigilancia. Las IAAS mayormente asociadas con el IPE fueron infecciones del tracto urinario (RM 1.83; IC 95% 1.34-2.46), neumonía relacionada con procedimientos (RM 2.08; IC95% 1.41-3.07) y varicela (RM 2.33; IC95% 1.08-5.03). Conclusiones: Un alto número de pacientes por enfermera aumenta las probabilidades de varios tipos de IAAS. Es fundamental que el IPE se establezca en las guías y políticas en materia de IAAS, ya que regular el número de pacientes por enfermera puede prevenir las IAAS, así como sus complicaciones.

18.
Av. enferm ; 41(1): 101113, ene.2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1417533

ABSTRACT

Introducción: las infecciones relacionadas con la asistencia sanitaria (IRAS) son complicaciones frecuentes en los entornos de cuidados intensivos con alta morbilidad y mortalidad y altos costos para el sistema de salud, por lo que comprometen la seguridad del paciente y requieren medidas de prevención adecuadas. Objetivo: analizar los resultados obtenidos en cuanto a la reducción de la incidencia de IRAS tras la ejecución del Programa de Apoyo al Desarrollo Institucional del Sistema Único de Salud (Proadi-SUS) en un hospital universitario. Materiales y método: estudio retrospectivo, observacional y cuantitativo realizado en una unidad de cuidado intensivo general de 10 camas en un hospital universitario. El periodo evaluado fue de 2015 a 2019. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó ANOVA y prueba de Kruskal Wallis. Resultados: se reportó una reducción significativa en la incidencia media de IRAS (p = 0,000), muertes por iras (p = 0,042), neumonía asociada al ventilador (p = 0,000) e infección del tracto urinario aso-ciado a sonda vesical (p = 0,004). Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la incidencia media de infección del torrente sanguíneo asociada a catéter vascular central (p = 0,871). Conclusiones: los cambios en la atención implementados durante el proyecto Proadi-sus fueron efectivos para mejorar las tasas de IRAS y asegurar una mejor práctica de atención con mayor seguridad para el paciente.


Introdução: as infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde (IRAS) são complicações frequentes em ambientes de terapia intensiva, com alta morbidade e mortalidade, altos custos para o sistema de saúde que comprometem a segurança do paciente e requerem medidas de prevenção adequadas. Objetivo: analisar os resultados obtidos na redução da incidência de IRAS, durante o Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Institucional do Sistema Único de Saúde (Proadi-SUS) em um hospital universitário. Materiais e método: estudo retrospectivo, observacional, quantitativo, realizado em uma unidade de terapia intensiva geral de 10 leitos de um hospital universitário. O período avaliado foi de 2015 a 2019. Para a análise estatística, foram utilizados ANOVA e teste de Kruskal Wallis. Resultados: houve uma redução significativa na incidência média de IRAS (p = 0,000), mortes por IRAS (p = 0,042), pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica (p = 0,000) e infecção do trato urinário associada a cateteres vesicais (p = 0,004). No entanto, não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas na incidência média de infecção da corrente sanguínea associada ao cateter vascular central (p = 0,871). Conclusões: as mudanças assistenciais implantadas durante o projeto Proadi-SUS foram efetivas em melhorar os índices de IRAS e garantir uma melhor prática assistencial com mais segurança ao paciente.


Introduction: Health Care Related Infections (HAIS) are frequent complications in intensive care settings with high morbidity and mortality rates and high costs for the health system. Therefore, HAIS compromise patient safety and require adequate prevention measures. Objective: To analyze the results obtained in the course of the Support Program for the Institutional Development of the Unified Health System (Proadi-SUS) in a university hospital in terms of the reduction of HAIS incidence. Materials and method: Retrospective, observational, and quantitative study conducted in a 10-bed general intensive care unit (ICU) at a university hospital. The period evaluated was from 2015 to 2019. anova and the Kruskal Wallis test were used for statistical analysis. Results: There was a significant reduction in the mean incidence of HAIS (p = 0.000), HAIS deaths (p = 0.042), ventilator-associated pneumonia (p = 0.000), and urinary tract infection associated with bladder catheters (p = 0.004). However, there were no statistically significant differences in the mean incidence of central vascular catheter-associated bloodstream infection (p = 0.871). Conclusion: The care changes implemented during the Proadi-SUS project were effective in improving HAIS rates and ensure better care practices and more patient safety.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cross Infection , Nursing , Patient Safety , Intensive Care Units
19.
Invest Educ Enferm ; 41(3)2023 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38589310

ABSTRACT

Objective: The present study examined the effect of an interventional program underpinned by the Health Belief Model (HBM) on nurses' awareness, attitude, and performance in preventing nosocomial infections. Methods: This randomized controlled trial study was performed on 60 clinical nurses in lar, Iran. Nurses were selected using the simple random sampling method and assigned to two experimental (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. Data collection tool included the valid and reliable questionnaire was developed by Soleimani et al. The research intervention consisted of five 90-min sessions based on the health belief model in preventing hospital infection for experimental group. Before the intervention, immediately and two months after the intervention, the two groups completed the questionnaire. The control group received no intervention. Results: Data analysis showed that the differences between the two groups was statistically significant immediately and two months after the intervention (p<0.05). In experimental group the changes in the mean score of knowledge, attitude and performance of nurses before, immediately and two months after the intervention were significant (p<0.05), but in the control group, only the changes in the mean score of performance were significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the HBM-based intervention is effective in promoting nurses' knowledge, attitude, and performance in preventing nosocomial infections. hence, periodical and in-service HBM-based training programs on preventing nosocomial infections are recommended to be held for nurses.


Subject(s)
Cross Infection , Nurses , Humans , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Clinical Competence , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Belief Model
20.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc;38(6): e20230006, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1507835

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Since the reduction of healthcare-associated infections has been a focus for quality patient care, this study aimed to evaluate the surgical site infection rate of children who underwent cardiovascular surgery after implementation of ozonized water system for hand and body hygiene allied to previously implemented preventive measures. Methods: Two uniformly comparable groups of pediatric patients underwent cardiovascular surgery. Group A (187) patients were operated prior to installation of ozonized water system (March 1 to August 31, 2019), and group B (214) patients were operated after installation of ozonized water system (October 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020). Ozonized water was used for professional hand hygiene and patient body hygiene. Results: There was statistical significance for surgical site infection reduction in group B (P=0.0289), with a relative risk of 0.560 (95% confidence interval = 0.298 to 0.920), inferring the risk of being diagnosed with surgical site infections in group B was 44% less than in group A. There was no statistical significance regarding mechanical ventilation time (P=0.1998) or mortality (P=0.4457). Conclusion: Ozonized water for professional hand hygiene and patient body hygiene was an adjuvant combined with traditional preventive methods to reduce the risk of surgical site infection, although no impact on hospital stay or mortality was observed.

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