ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to verify the association of improved native grassland and winter and summer pastures on the weaning rate in beef cattle production. Subsequently, we also verified the socioeconomic and productive characteristics related to the adoption of technologies to increase the weaning rate of the farmers. The survey was conducted with 73 producers of Hereford and Braford cattle in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A data analysis was performed using the minimum ordinal squares method and the regression analysis (Tobit). The results showed that cattle farmers who adopt winter pastures have greater weaning rates, and the factors that influence this adoption are related to a greater number of employees on the farm and the use of a crop-livestock production system. In addition, farmers who receive a greater number of technical assistance visits per year are more likely to adopt winter pastures and improved native grassland. This information can be useful in the formulation of technological dissemination programs that aim at a sustainable production of beef cattle.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle/physiology , Eating/physiology , Animal Husbandry/methods , Weaning , PastureABSTRACT
Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as características de carcaça e da carne de novilhos castrados e novilhas superjovens. Foram usados doze animais de cada sexo, recriados com suplementação energética sobre pastagem cultivada de Lolium multiflorum + Avena strigosa e terminados em pastagem cultivada de Pennisetum purpureum, onde permaneceram até o abate aos quatorze meses de idade. Os pesos de fazenda e de carcaça quente foram superiores nos machos, sendo de 365,8 e 203,4 kg, respectivamente, enquanto as fêmeas apresentaram 310,3 e 168,6 kg, citados na mesma ordem. Os machos foram superiores nos comprimentos de carcaça (118,1 vs. 111,3 cm) e de perna (69,2 vs. 64,1 cm) e na área de Longissimus dorsi (58,0 vs. 52,4 cm2). Não houve diferença na espessura de gordura subcutânea da carcaça, mas as fêmeas apresentaram carne mais marmoreada (5,58 pontos) do que os machos (3,67 pontos). Não se verificaram diferenças nas características sensoriais e organolépticas da carne entre os animais dos dois sexos. Concluiu-se que, exceto em relação ao peso de carcaça, novilhas jovens possuem características de carcaça e da carne semelhantes aos machos.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the carcass and meat characteristics of young castrated steers and heifers. Twelve animals of each sex were used, fed during growth with energetic supplementation on Lolium multiflorum + Avena strigosa cultivated pasture, and finished on Pennisetum purpureum, and slaughtered at fourteen months of age. Farm live weight hot carcass and weight were higher for steers, being of 365.8 and 203.4 kg, respectively, than for heifers being 310.3 and 168.6 kg, in the same order. Males were superior in carcass length (118.1 vs. 111.3 cm), leg length (69.2 vs. 64.1 cm) and in the Longissimus dorsi area (58.0 vs. 52.4 cm²). No difference was observed for subcutaneous fat thickness, but heifers showed meat with better marbling (5.58 points) than the males (3.67 points). No differences for sensorial and organoleptical characteristics were observed between the two sexes. In conclusion, excepting relation to weight, young heifers have carcass and meat characteristics similar to males.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle/classification , Meat , Weaning , Hybridization, Genetic , Sex PreselectionABSTRACT
Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as características de carcaça e da carne de novilhos castrados e novilhas superjovens. Foram usados doze animais de cada sexo, recriados com suplementação energética sobre pastagem cultivada de Lolium multiflorum + Avena strigosa e terminados em pastagem cultivada de Pennisetum purpureum, onde permaneceram até o abate aos quatorze meses de idade. Os pesos de fazenda e de carcaça quente foram superiores nos machos, sendo de 365,8 e 203,4 kg, respectivamente, enquanto as fêmeas apresentaram 310,3 e 168,6 kg, citados na mesma ordem. Os machos foram superiores nos comprimentos de carcaça (118,1 vs. 111,3 cm) e de perna (69,2 vs. 64,1 cm) e na área de Longissimus dorsi (58,0 vs. 52,4 cm2). Não houve diferença na espessura de gordura subcutânea da carcaça, mas as fêmeas apresentaram carne mais marmoreada (5,58 pontos) do que os machos (3,67 pontos). Não se verificaram diferenças nas características sensoriais e organolépticas da carne entre os animais dos dois sexos. Concluiu-se que, exceto em relação ao peso de carcaça, novilhas jovens possuem características de carcaça e da carne semelhantes aos machos.(AU)
The objective of the study was to evaluate the carcass and meat characteristics of young castrated steers and heifers. Twelve animals of each sex were used, fed during growth with energetic supplementation on Lolium multiflorum + Avena strigosa cultivated pasture, and finished on Pennisetum purpureum, and slaughtered at fourteen months of age. Farm live weight hot carcass and weight were higher for steers, being of 365.8 and 203.4 kg, respectively, than for heifers being 310.3 and 168.6 kg, in the same order. Males were superior in carcass length (118.1 vs. 111.3 cm), leg length (69.2 vs. 64.1 cm) and in the Longissimus dorsi area (58.0 vs. 52.4 cm²). No difference was observed for subcutaneous fat thickness, but heifers showed meat with better marbling (5.58 points) than the males (3.67 points). No differences for sensorial and organoleptical characteristics were observed between the two sexes. In conclusion, excepting relation to weight, young heifers have carcass and meat characteristics similar to males.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Meat , Cattle/classification , Sex Preselection , Weaning , Hybridization, GeneticABSTRACT
SUMMARY The experiment evaluated the weight gain of beef calves weaned 101 days after calving, kept before weaning on cultivated winter pasture or native pasture. After early weaning, the calves were kept on a drylot and fed during 41 days, afterward they were kept on cultivated summer pasture. One control group of calves was kept on native pasture and weaned 213 days after calving. Prior to early weaning, calves kept on cultivated winter pasture had a higher weight gain (P 0.01). After early weaning, the weight gain was similar (P>0.05) for calves previously kept on cultivated winter pasture to those kept on native pasture. Calves from the control group showed a higher weight gain (P 0.05) from 101 to 213 days, than those early weaned. At the end of the experiment, when the calves of the control group were weaned (213 days after calving), the calves early weaned and previously kept on cultivated winter pasture had the highest weight (P 0.05).
RESUMO O experimento visou avaliar o desempenho de terneiros desmamados aos 101 dias de idade que no período de aleitamento estavam submetidos a pastagem cultivada de inverno (T¹), ou campo nativo (T²), e terneiros desmamados aos 213 dias (T³) mantidos exclusivamente em campo nativo. Após o desmame, aos 101 dias, os terneiros desmamados foram alimentados no cocho, durante 41 dias. Após este período, foram mantidos em pastagem cultivada de verão até os 213 dias de idade. No período que antecedeu o desmame antecipado, o ganho de peso foi superior (P 0,01) para os terneiros mantidos em pastagem cultivada. No período seguinte, o ganho de peso foi similar (P > 0,05 )para os terneiros do T¹ e T² e superior (P 0,05) para os terneiros que continuaram ao pé das vacas em campo nativo (T³). O peso ao final do experimento (01.04.86) foi superior (P 0,01) para aqueles mantidos no período pré desmame em pastagem cultivada.
ABSTRACT
SUMMARY The experiment evaluated the weight gain of beef calves weaned 101 days after calving, kept before weaning on cultivated winter pasture or native pasture. After early weaning, the calves were kept on a drylot and fed during 41 days, afterward they were kept on cultivated summer pasture. One control group of calves was kept on native pasture and weaned 213 days after calving. Prior to early weaning, calves kept on cultivated winter pasture had a higher weight gain (P 0.01). After early weaning, the weight gain was similar (P>0.05) for calves previously kept on cultivated winter pasture to those kept on native pasture. Calves from the control group showed a higher weight gain (P 0.05) from 101 to 213 days, than those early weaned. At the end of the experiment, when the calves of the control group were weaned (213 days after calving), the calves early weaned and previously kept on cultivated winter pasture had the highest weight (P 0.05).
RESUMO O experimento visou avaliar o desempenho de terneiros desmamados aos 101 dias de idade que no período de aleitamento estavam submetidos a pastagem cultivada de inverno (T¹), ou campo nativo (T²), e terneiros desmamados aos 213 dias (T³) mantidos exclusivamente em campo nativo. Após o desmame, aos 101 dias, os terneiros desmamados foram alimentados no cocho, durante 41 dias. Após este período, foram mantidos em pastagem cultivada de verão até os 213 dias de idade. No período que antecedeu o desmame antecipado, o ganho de peso foi superior (P 0,01) para os terneiros mantidos em pastagem cultivada. No período seguinte, o ganho de peso foi similar (P > 0,05 )para os terneiros do T¹ e T² e superior (P 0,05) para os terneiros que continuaram ao pé das vacas em campo nativo (T³). O peso ao final do experimento (01.04.86) foi superior (P 0,01) para aqueles mantidos no período pré desmame em pastagem cultivada.