Prevalence of canine impaction in different cities of Saudi Arabia: A systematic review.

Background: To our knowledge, no systematic review assessed and gathered information about the prevalence of impacted canines among the Saudi population. The purpose of this study was to critically assess the previously published studies about the prevalence of canine impaction according to impaction type (buccal/ palatal), gender (male/female), and location (maxillary/mandibular, right/left), are among the Saudi population. Methods: PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, the Web of Science, Dimensions, and Semantic Scholar databases were searched systemically for articles related to the topic of the study published between 1987 and 2022. The PRISMA statements were used to conduct a systematic review with the help of the Best Practice for Survey and the Public Opinion Research scales by the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) to assess and evaluate the selected studies' quality. Results: The initial search of the databases yielded 221 articles. After discarding duplicates, 161 were selected for further evaluation. Eventually, 16 articles were selected for inclusion in this study. Regarding the quality of the selected articles, all articles, except one, were of high quality. Only one was of medium quality. Conclusion: It was found that the incidence of palatal canine impactions was higher than buccal impactions. Females had a higher prevalence of canine impactions as compared to males. There were more canine impactions in the maxilla than the mandible and more on the left side than the right one.

Evaluation of cuspid cortical anchorage with different sagittal patterns using cone-beam computed tomography: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: No studies have focused on cortical anchorage resistance in cuspids, this study aimed to characterize the cortical anchorage according to sagittal skeletal classes using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: CBCT images of 104 men and 104 women were divided into skeletal class I, II, and III malocclusion groups. Skeletal and dental evaluations were performed on the sagittal and axial cross-sections. One-way analysis of variance followed by least significant difference post-hoc tests was used for group differences. Multiple linear regression was performed to evaluate the relationship between influential factors and cuspid cortical anchorage. RESULTS: All cuspids were close to the labial bone cortex in different sagittal skeletal patterns and had different inclinations. There was a significant difference in the apical root position of cuspids in the alveolar bone; however, no significant difference in the middle or cervical portions of the root was found between different sagittal facial patterns. The middle of the cuspid root was embedded to the greatest extent in the labial bone cortex, with no significant difference between the sagittal patterns. For all sagittal patterns, 6.03 ± 4.41° (men) and 6.08 ± 4.45° (women) may be appropriate root control angles to keep maxillary cuspids' roots detached from the labial bone cortex. CONCLUSIONS: Comparison of skeletal class I, II, and III malocclusion patients showed that dental compensation alleviated sagittal skeletal discrepancies in the cuspid positions of all patients, regardless of the malocclusion class. Detailed treatment procedures and clear treatment boundaries of cuspids with different skeletal patterns can improve the treatment time, periodontal bone remodeling, and post-treatment long-term stability. Future studies on cuspids with different dentofacial patterns and considering cuspid morphology and periodontal condition may provide more evidence for clinical treatment.

Evaluación del canino maxilar permanente en niños entre 8 y 11 años en radiografía panorámica / Panoramic x-ray evaluation of the permanent maxillary canine in children population between 8 and 11 years

RESUMEN: El canino maxilar permanente (CMP) es el segundo diente con mayor frecuencia de impactación debido a su largo descenso intraóseo y cronología de erupción. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el grado de desarrollo dentario y posición del CMP entre los 8 años y los 11 años 11 meses con el fin de sugerir una edad cronológica óptima para su evaluación temprana en radiografía panorámica. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, en donde se analizaron 239 radiografías panorámicas de niños de 8 a 11 años. Éstas se agruparon según edad, género y área apical; luego se analizó el grado de desarrollo dentario y posición del vértice CMP izquierdo. En los resultados se observó que no existen diferencias significativas de la posición del CMP respecto a la edad cronológica. Además, entre los ocho años seis meses y nueve años seis meses un 61% de los caninos tuvieron más de la mitad de formación radicular. En conclusión, la evaluación temprana con radiografía panorámica del CMP se sugiere desde los ocho años seis meses a los nueve años seis meses, para alertar al clínico en casos donde el trayecto eruptivo se encuentre desviado.

ABSTRACT: The permanent maxillary canine (PMC) is the second most frequently impacted tooth due to its long intraosseous descent and eruption chronology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the degree of dental development and position of the PMC between the ages of 8 and 11 years 11 months in order to suggest an optimal chronological age for their early evaluation in panoramic radiography. A retrospective study was carried out, where 239 panoramic radiographs of children aged 8 to 11 years were analyzed. They were grouped according to age, gender and apical area; Then, the degree of dental development and position of the left PMC apex were analyzed. The results show that there are no significant differences in the position of the PMC with respect to chronological age. Furthermore, between eight years six months and nine years six months, 61% of the canines had more than half of the root formed. In conclusion, the early evaluation with panoramic radiography of the PMC is suggested from eight years six months to nine years six months, to alert the clinician in cases where the eruptive path is deviated.

Variations in root canal morphology of permanent incisors and canines among Asian population: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review was designed to measure the pooled prevalence of morphological variations in the root canal of permanent incisors and canines among Asian adults. METHODS: An electronic search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO databases, and relevant studies were included. Studies reporting on the Vertucci canal configuration (types I to VIII) were included. A weighted proportion (pooled prevalence) with 95% confidence interval was calculated for each canal type, and the outcome was stratified based on country, technique of assessment, gender, and age. RESULTS: Sixty articles were included in the final review. In all types of maxillary anterior teeth, the pooled prevalence of type I canal configuration was greater than 97%, whereas mandibular central incisor, lateral incisor, and canines had a prevalence of 78.4%, 69.2%, and 91.1%, respectively. Studies considering mandibular anterior teeth as a single entity had a lower prevalence of type I configuration (70.1%). Variations in root canal configurations were also observed between countries. Among gender, males had a significantly lower prevalence of type I and a higher prevalence of type II and III canal configurations in the mandibular anterior teeth. A variation in canal types was also noted with advancing age, with younger age groups showing more variations. CONCLUSION: The majority of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth have type I Vertucci canal configuration, but variations in mandibular anterior teeth, especially lateral incisors, are also common. Variations were also observed among population, gender, age, and prevalence based on the diagnostic techniques used.

Radiographic predictors of maxillary canine impaction in mixed and early permanent dentition - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Early diagnosis and the interception of potential impaction is the most desirable approach for management of impacted canines. Several radiographic predictors have been previously proposed to predict canine impaction. Hence the aim of this systematic review was to identify the most effective radiographic predictors of maxillary canine impaction. SEARCH METHOD: The following databases were searched: PubMed via Medline, Science Direct, LILACS, Cochrane library and Ovid MEDLINE. All comparative studies including observational and interventional studies that compare a canine impacted group versus a control group were included. The primary outcome assessed were the radiographic predictors used for diagnosis of maxillary canine impaction. RESULTS: Thirteen articles were included in this systematic review. The most commonly used parameters are sector classification, angle formed by the long axis of the canine and the midline, angle formed by the long axis of the canine and the lateral incisor, angle formed by the long axis of the canine and the occlusal plane, and perpendicular distance between the canine cusp tip to the occlusal plane and to the midline. Meta-analysis indicated that the angle formed by the long axis of the canine and the midline with a value of 19.9° and above (95% CI of 6.68 to 33.15), the angle formed by the long axis of the canine and the lateral incisor with a value of 20.01° and above (95% CI of 7.52 to 32.51) favoured canine impaction. CONCLUSIONS: With eleven of the thirteen articles showing a low risk of bias/good quality, it can be concluded that canine impactions can be predicted using various linear and angular parameters measured on different radiographs (orthopantomograms, lateral cephalograms, postero-anterior cephalograms and cone-beam computed tomography). However, further three-dimensional studies are required to accurately predict and diagnose canine impactions. REGISTRATION: The study protocol was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (Reg no: CRD42020200518).

Efficacy of Maximun Anchoring Using Transpalanance and Double ATP in Cases Requiring First Superior Premolar Extractions: A Comparative Analysis / Eficacia del anclaje máximo usando transpalanance y doble ATP en casos de extracciones de primeros premolares superiores: Análisis Comparativo

ABSTRACT Introduction: Space maintainers play an important role in orthodontic treatments involving premolar extractions, especially in cases with bad occlusion and marked crowding. The orthodontist must know several options of anchoring and choose the best method that would fulfill the treatment objectives for that patient. Objective: To compare the effects of maximum anchors like the double transpalatal arch (double ATP) and the transpalatal arch and Nance button combination (transpalanance) as space maintainers during cuspids retraction in patients undergoing upper bicuspid extractions. Methods: A universe of 100 patients, aged 14-25 years, was selected from among the patients presenting to the Orthodontics Specialty Clinic of the posgraduate School Dr. José Apolo Pineda, Pilot School of Dentistry, University of Guayaquil during the years of 2017 and 2018. Totally, 26 patients were recruited, of whom 13 were placed on transpalanance and the other 13 on double ATP, prior to the extraction of their first upper bicuspid. Post-extraction spaces were measured and compared with post-retraction spaces of upper cuspids. Results: With an average of 4-5 mm, transpalanance maintained the greatest amount of space at the end of canine retraction. It is expected that the results obtained in this study will be useful to orthodontists, providing them with information regarding the most effective space maintainers for treatments with extractions. Conclusion: The maximum anchor that showed the greatest efficacy was transpalanance since it maintained a greater amount of space during its time of use.

RESUMEN Los mantenedores de espacio desempeñan un papel importante en los tratamientos de ortodoncia que incluyen extracciones premolares, especialmente en casos de oclusión grave y aglomeración marcada. El ortodoncista debe conocer varias opciones de anclaje y elegir el mejor método que cumpla con los objetivos de tratamiento para ese paciente. Objetivo: comparar los efectos de los anclajes máximos como el arco transpalatino doble (ATP doble) y el arco transpalatino y la combinación del botón de Nance (transpalanance) como mantenedores de espacio durante la retracción de los cúspides en pacientes sometidos a extracciones de premolares superiores. Métodos: Se seleccionó un universo de 100 pacientes, de 14 a 25 años, entre los pacientes que acudieron a la Clínica de Ortodoncia de la Escuela de Posgrado de la Facultad Piloto de Odontología, Universidad de Guayaquil durante los años de 2017 y 2018. En total, se reclutaron 26 pacientes, de los cuales 13 fueron colocados en transpalanance y los otros 13 en doble ATP, antes de la extracción de su primer premolar superior. Los espacios posteriores a la extracción se midieron y compararon con los espacios posteriores a la retracción de los caninos superiores. Resultados: Con un promedio de 4 a 5 mm, el transpalanance mantuvo la mayor cantidad de espacio al final de la retracción de caninos. Se espera que los resultados obtenidos en este estudio sean útiles para los ortodoncistas, proporcionándoles información sobre los mantenedores de espacio más efectivos para los tratamientos con extracciones. Conclusión: el ancla máxima que mostró la mayor eficacia fue la transpalanidad, ya que mantuvo una mayor cantidad de espacio durante su tiempo de uso.

Primeiro molar inferior ­ forma e função / Mandibular first molar ­ shape and function

Os primeiros molares inferiores são maiores que quaisquer outros dentes inferiores. Possuem cinco cúspides bem desenvolvidas: duas vestibulares, duas linguais e uma distal, assim como duas raízes também bem desenvolvidas, uma mesial e outra distal. A dimensão da coroa é maior no sentido mesiodistal do que no vestibulolingual em aproximadamente 1 mm e favorece uma ampla face oclusal. As faces vestibular, lingual e oclusal devem engrenar no antagonista (primeiro molar superior) de tal forma que permitam a obtenção estável dos contatos oclusais e a liberdade na passagem das cúspides durante os movimentos excursivos da mandíbula. Este artigo descreve a forma geral de um molar inferior, com seus constituintes e características peculiares e informa a importância de sua engrenagem no arco dental.

First mandibular incisors are bigger than any other lower teeth. They have five well developed cusps: five well-developed cusps on mandibular first molars: two buccal, two on lingual and one distal. There are also two roots: mesial and distal roots. The crown is approximately 1 mm larger on the mesiodistal side than on the buccal lingual favoring a wide occlusal face. Buccal, lingual and occlusal faces must engage with the antagonist (maxillary first molar) with stable occlusal contact points and free cuspids during excursion movements. The present study describes the shape of lower molar, its characteristics, constitution, peculiarity and informs about the importance of its engagement in occlusion.

Nonsyndromic Bilateral Maxillary and Unilateral Mandibular Multiple Dentigerous Cysts in a Young Girl: Report of a Rare Case.

Dentigerous cyst is a benign odontogenic cyst associated with the crowns of permanent teeth. It is usually single in occurrence and located in the mandible of middle-aged persons. The teeth commonly affected are in order of frequency, the mandibular third molars, maxillary canines, maxillary third molars and, rarely central incisors. The present case report describes the surgical enucleation of the huge bilateral maxillary dentigerous cysts involving permanent maxillary canines associated with unilateral mandibular lateral incisor, cuspid and bicuspids in a young girl. To our knowledge, bilateral maxillary and unilateral mandibular multiple dentigerous cysts in a nonsyndromic patient have not been reported previously in the literature.