Epidemiology of canine cutaneous round cell tumours on the canary archipelago in Spain.

In this study we undertook a comprehensive analysis of a Pet Tumour Registry of the Canary Archipelago (PTR-CA) in Spain to investigate the epidemiology of canine cutaneous round cell tumours. From a database of 2526 tumours collected from 2003 to 2020, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of the main trends in diagnosis, age, multiplicity and anatomical distribution as well as a case-control study comparing these cases with the contemporaneous canine population of the Canary Archipelago to analyse breed distribution. In line with former studies, we found histiocytomas mostly affect young dogs (2, IQR 1-5) and mast cell tumours affect middle-to-old dogs (8, IQR 6-10) with grade 1 affecting at younger ages (6.5, IQR 6-8) than both grade 2 (8, IQR 6-10 years) and grade 3 (9, IQR 7-11). Histiocytomas and plasmacytomas showed a similar anatomical distribution appearing mainly on the face, head and neck regions while mast cell tumours occur mainly on limbs and trunk. Higher risk for mast cell tumours and histiocytomas were found for Bulldog-related breeds such as Boxer (ORMCT = 23.61, CI95%: 19.12-29.15, ORHCT = 10.17, CI95%: 6.60-15.67), Boston Terrier (ORMCT 19.47, CI95%: 7.73-49.05, ORHCT 32.61, CI95%: 11.81-90.07) and Pug (ORMCT 8.10, CI95%: 5.92-11.07, ORHCT 7.87, CI95%: 4.66-13.28) while Chihuahua dogs showed significantly less risk (ORMCT 0.18, CI95%: 0.09-0.33, ORHCT 0.41, CI95%: 0.21-0.78). Notably, the Canarian Mastiff, a local breed, had a low risk of suffering from a mast cell tumour which raises the question of whether this relates to a genetic peculiarity of this breed or some husbandry and environmental factor.

MCATs: Case report of adnexal adenocarcinoma of not otherwise specified type.

Malignant cutaneous adnexal tumors are rare dermatosis that can have extradermal twins. Diagnosis of adnexal skin tumors is sometimes difficult. Immunohistochemistry has limited value in the diagnosis. Most adnexal skin tumors are localized on the head and neck. Difficulties in their diagnosis associated with absence of strict clinical criteria.

Equine Melanocytic Tumors: A Narrative Review.

Adult grey horses have a high incidence of melanocytic tumors. This article narratively reviews the role of some genetic features related to melanoma formation in horses, such as STX17 mutation, ASIP or MITF alterations, and the link between the graying process and the development of these tumors. A clear system of clinical and pathological classification of melanocytic tumors in naevus, dermal melanoma, dermal melanomatosis and anaplastic malignant melanoma is provided. Clinical and laboratorial methods of diagnosing are listed, with fine needle aspiration and histopathology being the most relevant. Relevance is given to immunohistochemistry, describing potentially important diagnostic biomarkers such as RACK1 and PNL2. Different therapeutical options available for equine practitioners are mentioned, with surgery, chemotherapy and electroporation being the most common. This article also elucidatesnew fields of research, perspectives, and new therapeutic targets, such as CD47, PD-1 and COX-2 biomarkers.

Evaluation of a modified proportional margin approach for complete surgical excision of canine cutaneous mast cell tumours and its association with clinical outcome.

Canine cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs) represent a common neoplasm in veterinary practice. Several reported techniques are available to guide surgical excision. Our study examined one hundred cutaneous MCTs that were excised surgically using a modified proportional margin approach. A 2 cm lateral margin upper limit was applied for any tumour diameter that exceeded this size with a deep surgical margin of one fascial plane applied. A retrospective, cross-sectional study with follow-up was used to determine the clinical utility of this excision technique. Associations between explanatory variables of tumour size and grade were compared with outcomes of complete excision and size of histologic tumour-free margins (HTFM) using the appropriate Pearson's χ2 and Fisher's exact tests. Follow-up data evaluated tumour recurrence and patient survival. Ninety-five percent of MCTs (95/100) were completely excised. No significant association in the achievement of complete excision between low- and high-grade MCTs (P = .48) was noted. Tumour size was not associated with the rate of complete excision (P = .06). Tumour grade and size did not influence the size of the HTFM (P = .94 and P = .14, respectively). Overall, a recurrence rate of 3% (3/100 tumours) and de novo MCT development rate of 7.7% (5/65 dogs) was noted, with median follow-up period of 593 days (range 180-1460 days). Post-operative metastases were seen in 4.6% of dogs (3/65). Therefore, a modified proportional margin approach with 2 cm lateral margin upper limit is a suitable technique to guide surgical excision of canine cutaneous MCTs.

Retalho de avanço para correção de hemangiossarcoma em região peniana de cão: relato de caso / Advancement flap in dog penile region due to cutaneous hemangiosarcoma: case report / Uso de venta al por menor avanzada en la región penial del perro debido al hemangiosarcoma cutáneo: informe de caso

O uso de técnicas de cirurgia reconstrutiva é de grande importância quando há perda de uma ampla quantidade de tecido cutâneo. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a utilização da técnica de retalho de avanço pediculado em decorrência de extensa ausência de tecido cutâneo resultante da exérese de neoplasia na região peniana de um cão. O presente estudo relata o caso de um cão da raça American Pitbull Terrier, macho castrado, com sete anos de idade, com histórico de neoplasia e aumento de nódulo na região peniana. Após avaliação clínica do animal, achou-se por bem o tratamento por meio da remoção cirúrgica do neoplasma. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico constatou-se que seria necessário o emprego de um retalho de avanço pediculado para fechamento da ferida ocasionada pela remoção da neoplasia. Para diminuir a tensão e os riscos de complicações no retalho, foi realizada uma "walking suture" no subcutâneo, técnicas essas que garantiram uma cicatrização com aspecto estético e funcional satisfatório com o mínimo de tensão.(AU)

The use of reconstructive surgery techniques is of great importance when there is loss of a large amount of cutaneous tissue. The objective of this study is to report the use of pedicle flap technique as a result of extensive absence of cutaneous tissue resulting from the excision of neoplasia in the penile dog region. The present study reports the case of a seven year old male Pitbull Terrier, with a history of neoplasia and nodule enlargement in the penile region. After the clinical evaluation of the animal, the treatment by the surgical removal of the neoplasm was considered good. During the surgical procedure, it was found that a pedicle flap should be used to close the wound caused by removal of the neoplasia. To reduce tension and risk of complications in the flap, a walking suture was performed on the subcutaneous tissue, which ensure healing with aesthetic and functional appearance with minimal tension.(AU)

El uso de técnicas de cirugía reconstructiva es de gran importancia cuando se pierde una gran cantidad de tejido de la piel. El objetivo de este estudio es informar el uso de la técnica de colgajo de avance pediculado debido a la extensa ausencia de tejido de la piel como resultado de la escisión de la neoplasia en la región del pene del perro. El presente estudio informa el caso de un Pitbull Terrier americano de siete años, un hombre castrado, con antecedentes de neoplasia y un nódulo agrandado en la región del pene. Después de la evaluación clínica del animal, se consideró el tratamiento mediante la extirpación quirúrgica de la neoplasia. Durante el procedimiento quirúrgico, se descubrió que el uso de un colgajo de avance pediculado sería necesario para cerrar la herida causada por la extirpación de la neoplasia. Para reducir la tensión y el riesgo de complicaciones en el colgajo, se realizó una sutura ambulante en el tejido subcutáneo, técnicas que aseguraron la curación con un aspecto estético y funcional satisfactorio con una tensión mínima.(AU)

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: lo diagnosticamos en la edad pediátrica / Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: we diagnose it in the pediatric age

El dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) es un tumor cutáneo, de baja frecuencia, fibrohistiocítico, infiltrante, de lento crecimiento, de agresividad local, de malignidad intermedia; con escasas probabilidades de metástasis pero con alto índice de recurrencia local. El diagnóstico debe sospecharse y confirmarse con histología e inmunohistoquímica. El tratamiento de elección es con cirugía convencional y/o cirugía micrográfica de Mohs, con márgenes de 2-4 cm. Se considera que la prevalencia del DFSP en la edad pediátrica es baja, debido al escaso índice de sospecha. En el presente trabajo compartimos cinco casos de DFSP en la edad pediátrica, estudiados en el Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde. (AU)

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a cutaneous, low frequency, fibrohistiocytic, infiltrating, slow growing, local aggressiveness, intermediate malignancy tumor; with little chance of metastasis but with a high rate of local recurrence. The diagnosis should be suspected and confirmed with histology and immunohistochemistry. The treatment of choice is with conventional surgery and / or Mohs micrographic surgery, with margins of 2-4 cm. The prevalence of DFSP in pediatric age is considered to be low, due to the low index of suspicion. In this paper we share five cases of DFSP in the pediatric age, studied at the Pedro de Elizalde Children's General Hospital. (AU)

Retalho de peitoral maior estendido e pediculado para reconstrução de região orbito-fronto-parietal direita após exérese de carcinoma espinocelular invasivo / Extended and pedicled pectoralis major flap for right orbitofrontal-parietal reconstruction following invasive squamous cell carcinoma resection

Introdução: O retalho miocutâneo de peitoral maior é um dos mais usados na reconstrução de defeitos da cabeça e pescoço, porém com restrição ao terço médio da face. Com técnicas de dissecção de perfurantes, consegue-se alongar mais o pedículo, obtendo coberturas da região orbito-fronto-parietal. Relato de Caso: Paciente masculino de 63 anos apresentando carcinoma espinocelular invasivo pouco diferenciado, que após sua ressecção cirúrgica apresentou defeito final de 12,0 x 18,0cm na região órbito-fronto-parietal direita com exposição de dura-máter, seio frontal e órbita superior direita. Foi desenhado retalho de peitoral maior com ilha cutânea de dimensões iguais ao defeito na região paraesternal direita, desde o quarto espaço intercostal até a região subcostal (estendido). O pedículo foi seccionado após 4 semanas. A cobertura foi efetiva, sem complicações maiores e resultado estético satisfatório. Conclusão: Este retalho mostrou ser uma excelente opção para reconstrução do terço superior da cabeça quando existam limitações para a realização de microcirurgia.

Introdução: O retalho miocutâneo de peitoral maior é um dos mais usados na reconstrução de defeitos da cabeça e pescoço, porém com restrição ao terço médio da face. Com técnicas de dissecção de perfurantes, consegue-se alongar mais o pedículo, obtendo coberturas da região orbito-fronto-parietal. Relato de Caso: Paciente masculino de 63 anos apresentando carcinoma espinocelular invasivo pouco diferenciado, que após sua ressecção cirúrgica apresentou defeito final de 12,0 x 18,0cm na região órbito-fronto-parietal direita com exposição de dura-máter, seio frontal e órbita superior direita. Foi desenhado retalho de peitoral maior com ilha cutânea de dimensões iguais ao defeito na região paraesternal direita, desde o quarto espaço intercostal até a região subcostal (estendido). O pedículo foi seccionado após 4 semanas. A cobertura foi efetiva, sem complicações maiores e resultado estético satisfatório. Conclusão: Este retalho mostrou ser uma excelente opção para reconstrução do terço superior da cabeça quando existam limitações para a realização de microcirurgia.

Carcinoma sebáceo extraocular, reporte de un caso / Extraocular sebaceous carcinoma, case report

RESUMEN El carcinoma sebáceo es una neoplasia anexial poco común que puede originarse en cualquier lugar del cuerpo donde existan glándulas sebáceas, siendo la principal ubicación la cabeza y el cuello, existiendo la presentación ocular y extraocular. Alcanza entre 0,2% a 4,6% de todas las neoplasias cutáneas malignas, con mayor incidencia en los adultos mayores caucásicos. La presentación clínica habitual corresponde a un nódulo duro o quístico subcutáneo eritematoso o amarillento, indoloro, de crecimiento acelerado. Sin embargo, puede manifestarse como una amplia gama de lesiones cutáneas, lo que, agregado a su baja incidencia, sea altamente subdiagnosticado. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 64 años con tumor exofítico malar izquierdo con ulceraciones y áreas de necrosis en la superficie, sin compromiso de párpado inferior, de agudeza visual ni motilidad ocular. Se realiza resección del tumor, cuya biopsia definitiva confirma diagnóstico de carcinoma sebáceo extraocular.

ABSTRACT Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare anexal neoplasm that can develop on any part of the body containing sebaceous glands, but nearly the 70% of sebaceous carcinoma occur on the head and neck, being two ways of presentation, ocular and extraocular. It represents 0.2-4.6 % of all malignant neoplastic cutaneous lesions, whit a peak incidence in the eighth decades of life, in caucasian people. Typical clinical presentation of sebaceous carcinoma is a painless, firm or cystic subcutaneous nodule described as pink to red-yellow, however clinical features can be quite varied, which added to its low incidence leads to the diagnosis is often delayed for months to years. We present the case of a 64 years old patient whit an exofitic malar tumor ulcerated and necrotic in the surface, without compromising the lower eyelid, vision or ocular mobility. The biopsy of the tumor resection shows an extraocular sebaceous carcinoma.

CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA WITH LYMPH NODE METASTASIS IN AN ADULT ADDAX (ADDAX NASOMACULATUS).

A 13-yr-old male addax (Addax nasomaculatus) presented with locally extensive alopecia, slight erythema, and skin thickening on the medial aspect of the left rear leg between the stifle and tarsus. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma was diagnosed after histopathology and immunohistochemical staining of representative skin-punch biopsies. No treatment was elected, and the addax was euthanized 3 yr later because of poor body condition, chronic dental disease, and confirmed spread of lymphoma to other cutaneous locations. Postmortem evaluation revealed spread to multiple lymph nodes but no further organ metastasis. Serologic testing on archived serum for bovine leukemia virus (BLV) revealed no evidence of exposure or infection. In cattle, cutaneous lymphoma is a sporadic form of lymphoma that is relatively rare, not typically associated with BLV infection, and occurs in young animals (<3 yr). This is the first report of cutaneous lymphoma in a nondomestic bovid.

Sebaceous carcinoma on the abdomen in an African-American male patient.

Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare, aggressive cutaneous tumor most commonly involving the head and neck, especially the periorbital area. It has been associated with Muir-Torre syndrome, human papillomavirus infection, and radiotherapy. This case report describes an unusual clinical presentation of a large sebaceous carcinoma on the abdomen of an African-American male patient who was successfully treated with Mohs micrographic surgery. The case is reported due to the unusual location of the lesion on the abdomen and the rare occurrence of this tumor type in an African-American male.

Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry in Cutaneous Neoplasia: An Update.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an important adjunct in the diagnosis of neoplastic skin diseases. In addition to the many established IHC markers currently in use, new markers continue to emerge, although their general acceptance and routine application requires robust validation. Here, we summarize the most well-established and commonly used biomarkers along with an array of newer ones reported in the past several decades that either demonstrate or hold high clinical promise in the field of cutaneous pathology. We also highlight recent applications of novel IHC markers in melanoma diagnosis including genetic mutation status markers [e.g. BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B) and NRAS (neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)] and an epigenetic alteration marker (e.g. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine). We specifically focus on the role of IHC in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions that fall under the following categories: melanoma, epidermal tumors with an intraepidermal epitheliomatous pattern, spindle cell lesions of the dermis, small round blue cell tumors of the dermis, and cutaneous adnexal tumors. While IHC is a valuable tool in diagnostic dermatopathology, marker selection and interpretation must be highly informed by clinical context and the histologic differential diagnosis. With rapid progress in our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of tumorigenesis, new IHC markers will continue to emerge in the field of diagnostic dermatopathology.

Epidemiologia do melanoma em hospital de referência / Epidemiology of melanoma in reference hospital

OBJETIVO: investigar aspectos clínicoepidemiológicos de pacientes com diagnóstico de melanoma no Hospital OphirLoyola (HOL) em Belém-PA. MÉTODO: a casuística compreendeu 170 pacientes atendidos no HOL com diagnósticode melanoma cutâneo e mucoso, nos anos de 2000 a 2010. Realizada revisão de prontuários, utilizando um protocolocontendo as variáveis a serem estudadas. Utilizaram-se os testes de Qui-quadrado de Pearson e o Teste Exato de Fisherpara análise bivariada de associação entre as variáveis dependentes e as demais variáveis independentes coletadas nosprontuários dos pacientes. RESULTADOS: predominou o gênero masculino (58,8%), faixa etária de 51 a 65 anos(32,9%), com predomínio de pardos (57,14%) e casados (70,90%). O sítio primário mais acometido foi o membroinferior (44,12%) seguido pelo tronco (16,47%). O tipo histológico específico mais encontrado foi o nodular (20%).Metástases foram detectadas em 41,18% dos pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes com melanoma, neste Estado,são constituídos, majoritariamente, por homens, entre 51 e 65 anos, pardos e cujo sítio primário mais acometido é omembro inferior.

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the clinical and epidemiological aspects of patients with melanoma, treated of the OphirLoyola Hospital (HOL) in Belém-PA. METHOD: the sample included 170 patients admitted in HOL with a diagnosisof cutaneous or mucosal melanoma from 2000 to 2010. A review of the medical records was performed, using such aprotocol containing the variables to be studied. It was used chi-square test and Fisher?s exact test for bivariate associationbetween dependent variables and the other independent variables collected from patient charts. RESULTS: therewas a predominance of males (58.8%), the most affected age was 51-65 years (32.9%), with a predominance of brown(57.14%). The most affected primary site was the limbs (44.12%), followed by trunk (16.47%). The specific histologictype most frequently found was the nodular (20%). Metastasis were detected in 41,18% of patients. CONCLUSION:in the state, patients with melanoma are mostly males, between 51 and 65 years, brown and whose primary site wasthe lower limb.

Cutaneous neoplasia in ferrets, rabbits, and guinea pigs.

The frequency of common cutaneous tumors in ferrets, rabbits, and guinea pigs is summarized, with descriptions of their appearance and behavior, prognosis, and treatment options. This information assists clinicians when talking to clients, and helps owners make an informed decision whether or not to pursue aggressive treatment or to palliate.

Estudo clínico sobre aplicação do retalho cutâneo pediculado em cirurgia oncológica no cão / Clinical study of skin flap application during oncologic surgery in dog

Estudou-se as diversas técnicas de retalhos cutâneos e a sua aplicação no tratamento cirúrgico de neoplasias cutâneas e/ou das partes moles. Vinte e cinco cães (14 machos e 11 fêmeas) cujas idades variaram entre 4 meses e 14 anos. As técnicas utilizadas foram flaps por avanço pediculado simples, por transposição, por interpolação, H-plastia e W-plastia. O tempo de cicatrização variou de 9 a 19 dias (m=13,7 dias). As complicações observadas foram: deiscência de pontos de sutura (10), edema do retalho (2), necrose de 10 a 50% do retalho (6). Os retalhos cutâneos são versáteis, de fácil execução, aparência cosmética e apresentam um custo relativamente baixo.

The aim of this study was to evaluate skin flap techniques and apply them in the treatment of cutaneous neoplasia and/or soft tissues. We have used 25 dogs (14 males and 11 females) aged from 4 months to 14 years old. The techniques employed were single-pedicle advancement flap, transposition flap, interpolation flap, H-plasty and W-plasty. The healing period varied from 9 to 19 days (13.7 days on overage). The complications observed were suture deiscence (10), flap swelling (2), necrosis of 10 to 50% of the flaps (6). The skin flaps are versatile and easy to perform, good cosmetic results, besides the coats are lower.