Periapical Cyst Forming Cutaneous Sinus Tract: Unusual Presentation-Case Report.

A cutaneous sinus tract due to periapical cyst being very rare may easily be misdiagnosed, leading to incorrect treatment. Identifying the etiology is difficult, but it is the key to effective therapy. The case presented here is a cutaneous sinus tract in the nasolabial region of odontogenic origin. After surgery and extraction of the tooth, the sinus tract healed remarkably (Belmehdi et al. in Contemp Clin Dent 9:314-318, 2018; Latifa et al. in Clin Case Rep 10:e05333, 2022).

An odontogenic cutaneous sinus tract in an unusual site with multiple misdiagnoses.

Key Clinical Message: Dental clinicians and physicians should be careful in differential diagnosis of facial cutaneous nodules, since they might have an odontogenic origin. Abstract: Odontogenic cutaneous sinus tracts are commonly misdiagnosed and mismanaged; thus, they are prone to recurrence. Herein, a 21-year-old female patient is reported with a red fluctuant nodule on her right cheek which had been misdiagnosed as an epidermoid cyst, cystic acne, and parotid gland fistula. The odontogenic origin of the lesion was first suspected when the patient presented to the Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry for a routine dental check-up. Multiple-visit non-surgical root canal retreatment of the maxillary right first molar, without any additional treatment, resulted in shrinkage of the lesion. After 1 year, the lesion was resolved completely, the respective tooth and the cheek were asymptomatic, and the patient had no complaint.

Perplexity and Repercussions in Maldiagnosis of an Extraoral Draining Sinus by a Physician and its Dental Management: A Case Report.

The cutaneous sinus of dental origin represents a skin disorder that appears due to an infection accompanied by bony changes. The remote location of the lesion relative to the primary site of the disease leads to its presumption of a skin etiology by the individual. Inadequate knowledge on the part of the physician followed by faulty management complicates the situation further. However, unless the dental cause is not addressed, the lesion does not resolve. The following case report discusses the dental management of an extraoral sinus with the aim of guiding the general public, physicians, and dentists with its accurate and timely assessment so as to avoid additional financial costs, futile antibiotic therapy courses, and unnecessary surgical excisions. How to cite this article: Sidhu S, Thomas AM, Kundra R. Perplexity and Repercussions in Maldiagnosis of an Extraoral Draining Sinus by a Physician and its Dental Management: A Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(1):115-118.

Diagnóstico y tratamiento de las fístulas cutáneas odontogénicas: revisión sistemática / Diagnosis and treatment of odontogenic cutaneous sinus tracts: a systematic review

Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica en relación con las variantes de tratamien-to que recibieron las piezas dentarias permanentes asociadas a la presencia de una fístula cutánea. Se incluyeron reportes de casos clínicos en inglés, pu-blicados en los últimos diez años. Se obtuvieron 481 artículos, 359 excluidos por escasez de datos en títu-lo e incumplimiento de criterios de selección. Se ex-cluyeron 89 por carecer de tratamiento. Se incluye-ron 33 artículos. Se analizaron fístulas de 45 piezas dentarias, superiores e inferiores, anteriores y pos-teriores. En base a los resultados obtenidos se llegó a la conclusión de que las fístulas cutáneas faciales de origen odontogénico se diagnostican de manera errónea; esto conduce a un tratamiento inadecuado y secuela estéticas. Realizar un correcto diagnóstico y adecuado plan de tratamiento permite una curación rápida y predecible. Los hallazgos obtenidos estable-cen que realizar un correcto tratamiento endodóntico en la pieza afectada, es la terapéutica adecuada para lograr el cierre definitivo de la fístula, sin necesidad de tratar quirúrgicamente la misma (AU)

A systematic review of the scientific literature was carried out in relation to the variants of treatment received by permanent teeth associated with the presence of a cutaneous sinus tract. Clinical case reports in English, published in the last ten years, were included. A total of 481 articles were obtained, 359 were excluded due to lack of title data and non-compliance with selection criteria. 89 were excluded due to lack of treatment. 33 articles were included Cutaneous sinus tracts of 45 teeth, upper and lower, anterior and posterior, were analyzed. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that facial cutaneous sinus tracts of odontogenic origin are misdiagnosed, leading to inadequate treatment and aesthetic sequelae. Carrying out a correct diagnosis and adequate treatment plan allows a quick and predictable healing. The findings obtained establish that performing a correct endodontic treatment in the affected piece is the appropriate therapy to achieve the definitive closure of the cutaneous sinus tract, without the need to surgically treatment (AU)

Management of cutaneous sinus tract of odontogenic origin: Eighteen months follow-up.

An odontogenic cutaneous sinus tract is a pathologic canal that initiates in the oral cavity but opens externally at the cutaneous surface of the face or neck. It is frequently misdiagnosed, leading to inappropriate treatment. A 44-year-old female patient referred to us with a chronically draining lesion on his chin. The lesion previously was misdiagnosed by medical doctors and had undergone cryotherapy and surgery with a focus on the skin lesion and had received antibiotic therapy for a prolonged period of time. After clinical and radiologic examination the dental origin of the lesion was evident and proper endodontic treatment was performed followed by surgical treatment after the recurrence of pus discharge 2 weeks after the conventionnel root canal treatment. Five months later, after the treatment, the lesion showed an obvious healing. After 18 months, the patient was comfortable and a significant healing of the sinus tract was noted, the periapical radiograph shows clear regression of the periapical lesion and an improvement in bone trabeculation. The key to successful treatment of cutaneous sinus tract of dental origin must be appropriate communication between the dentist and the physician in order to achieve correct diagnosis and therapy in such cases.

Odontogenic cutaneous sinus tracts due to infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria: a report of three cases.

BACKGROUND: Soft tissue or skin infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been reported frequently and are mostly associated with trauma or cosmetic interventions like plastic surgery. However, infection with NTM as a result of a dental procedure have rarely been described and the lack of clinical suspicion and a clear clinical manifestation makes diagnosis challenging. CASE PRESENTATION: We report on three patients with a facial cutaneous sinus tract of dental origin, due to an infection with respectively Mycobacterium fortuitum, M. abscessus and M. peregrinum. The infection source was the dental unit waterlines (DUWLs), which were colonized with NTM. CONCLUSIONS: Water of the DUWL can pose a health risk. This report emphasizes the need for quality control and certification of water flowing through DUWLs, including the absence of NTM. Our report also shows the need for a rapid recognition of NTM infections and accurate laboratory diagnosis in order to avoid long-term ineffective antibiotic treatment.

Esthetic improvement of a cutaneous sinus tract of odontogenic origin.

A cutaneous sinus tract of dental origin is relatively uncommon and may easily be misdiagnosed because of its unusual occurrence and absence of dental symptoms. Extraoral drainage depends on the location of the affected tooth as well as on specific factors such as the virulence of the microorganism, resistance of the patient's body, and the relationship between anatomy and muscle facial attachments.

Esthetic Improvement of a Nasolabial Cutaneous Sinus Tract.

A cutaneous sinus tract of dental origin is relatively uncommon and may easily be misdiagnosed, owing to its uncommon occurrence and absence of dental symptoms. Such a lesion continues to be a diagnostic dilemma. The case described here presented a nasolabial cutaneous sinus tract of dental origin that was treated by a surgical approach with an excellent esthetic improvement.

Odontogenic cutaneous sinus tract presenting as a growing cheek mass in the emergency department.

An odontogenic cutaneous sinus tract (OCST) is a rare extraoral sinus tract related to a chronic draining dental infection, typically apical periodontitis. OCST usually presents as an erythematous and non-tender nodule and often requires endodontic treatment for resolution of the sinus tract. If there is disruption of the mandibular cortex, it may be difficult to differentiate an OCST from a non-odontogenic malignant mass in patients without dental symptoms. This report describes a rare case of OCST presenting as a left cheek mass in a 21-year-old man which was initially diagnosed in the emergency department.

Managing the Cutaneous Sinus Tract of Dental Origine.

BACKGROUND: Draining cutaneous sinus tract in chin area may be caused by chronic periapical dental infections. Misdiagnosis of these lesions usually leads to destructive invasive treatment of the sinus tract that is not correct and curative. CASE REPORT: A 31-year-old male patient referred to us with a chronically draining lesion on his chin. The lesion previously was misdiagnosed by medical doctors and had undergone two times surgery with a focus on the skin lesion and had received antibiotic therapy for a prolonged period of time. After clinical and radiologic examination the dental origin of the lesion was evident and proper endodontic and surgical treatment was performed. Three months later, after the treatment, the lesion showed total healing and reoccurrence occurred. CONCLUSION: The key to successful treatment of cutaneous sinus tract of dental origin must be in appropriate communication between the dentist and the physician in order to achieve correct diagnosis and therapy in such cases.

Acute oral complications in a pediatric patient with acute lymphoid leukemia.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a low-virulence pathogen that can cause infection in immunocompromised patients. Among pediatric hematologists, it is known that careful attention should be paid to P. aeruginosa as the bacteria responsible for intraoral inflammation, and antibiotic therapy targeting P. aeruginosa is the first-line treatment during neutropenia in patients with hematological malignancy. Immunosuppressed patients, however, are at high risk of developing inflammation. Here, we report a case involving a 10-year-old patient with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), in which P. aeruginosa synergistically acted with pre-existing gingivitis to induce unusual oral necrotic lesions, leading to acute buccal cellulitis and pus discharge from external sinus tracts.

Case report and literature review of dental original cutaneous sinus tract / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To study the clinical characteristics of odontogenic cutaneous fistula.Methods:6 cases of odontogenic cutane-ous fistula were represented and the reports of 60 cases of the lesion were reviewed.Results:The fistula was mainly located in cheek, chin,para-nasal part,sub-mandibular area and the lower border of the mandible,and respectively corresponding to mandibular third molar,mandibular incisor,maxillary canine,mandibular first and second molar,the corresponding teeth were mainly in mandible (71 .2%).In middle and old aged patients the lesion usually in para-nasal or mandible area,In younger patients the lesion mostly loca-ted in cheek or sub-mandibular area.After root canal therapy for the teeth with apical periodontitis or extraction of none-curable teeth,the odontogenic cutaneous sinus tract disappeared.Conclusion:Proper treatment of focal teeth can cure the odontogenic cutaneous fistulas.

Clinical and Histopathologic Investigation of Periapical Actinomycosis with Cutaneous Lesion: a Case Report.

Management of an extra-radicular infection is a challenging procedure that requires surgical intervention. This report describes a patient with discharging cutaneous lesion that required apical surgery. A 40-year-old woman was referred to the Department of Endodontics, Shiraz Dental School with chief complaint of a cutaneous sinus tract. She had been treated by a dermatologist and an otolaryngologist. The patient had also received orthograde root canal treatment of tooth #16. Yet, the lesion was still discharging and the patient was scheduled for surgery. Histopathologic analysis of the lesion showed actinomycosis infection. A 36-month follow-up revealed clinical and radiographic healing.

Usefulness of ultrasonography for rapidly diagnosing cutaneous sinus tracts of dental origin.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous sinus tracts of dental origin are frequently misdiagnosed and incorrectly treated. Intraoral roentgenograms are valuable for diagnosing such tracts. Since these lesions are usually not accompanied by dental symptoms, patients tend initially to consult dermatologists or general physicians, who are not familiar with oral diseases or intraoral X-rays. OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the usefulness of ultrasonography for detecting cutaneous sinus tracts of dental origin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three patients who had skin lesions that were suspected of being cutaneous sinus tracts based on the findings of clinical and histological examinations were enrolled in this study. B mode and color Doppler ultrasonography were used to image the skin lesions in their entirety and to assess the associations between the subcutaneous lesions and any alveolar bone defects. RESULTS: In each case, ultrasonography depicted a hypoechoic band that originated from the cutaneous lesion and extended through the subcutaneous tissue to the alveolar bone. Bone loss was also observed, and color Doppler ultrasonography detected increased blood flow in the peripheral regions of the tracts. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, the patients' sinus tracts were rapidly detected using ultrasonography, which enabled appropriate treatment. Thus, ultrasonography is a convenient tool for diagnosing cutaneous sinus tracts of dental origin.

Submental cutaneous sinus tract of mandibular second molar origin.

AIM: To report a case in which a submental cutaneous sinus tract resulted from apical periodontitis associated with a mandibular second molar. SUMMARY: A 53-year-old man presented with a chronic cutaneous sinus tract in the submental region, which had previously been misdiagnosed as a thyroglossal fistula. The origin of the sinus tract was shown by sinus tract angiography to be the left mandibular second molar (tooth 37), which had apical periodontitis. The sinus tract healed after extraction of the tooth and partial excision of the lesion from an extraoral approach. Histological examination confirmed that the tract was lined with granulation tissue and not with epithelial tissue. A submental sinus tract drainage pathway was observed. Prompt dental evaluation, especially of all mandibular teeth, should be considered when assessing cases of submental cutaneous sinus tracts. KEY LEARNING POINTS: An odontogenic origin should be part of the differential diagnosis for orofacial skin lesions. Cutaneous sinus tracts of mandibular molar origin are complex and thus a comprehensive examination should be stressed. It is necessary to examine all mandibular teeth in cases of odontogenic submental cutaneous sinus tracts. Sinus tract angiography can be used to identify the sinus tract pathway and to confirm the associated teeth. The treatment of an odontogenic cutaneous sinus tract requires the elimination of the source of infection.

Cutaneous sinus tract in association with traumatic injury to the teeth.

The present case report is of trauma episode of the lower anterior teeth, causing pulpal necrosis with periradicular periodontitis, resulting in the occurrence of cutaneous sinus tracts (fistula). Previous misdiagnosis and inappropriate medical treatment were ineffective. Only when properly referred to dentists, the differential diagnosis was made. The guideline to diagnose cutaneous sinus tracts (fistula) is based mainly on accurate pulp sensitivity tests of the involved traumatized teeth. Intraoral and dental examinations are critical in making the diagnosis. The case presented here shows that cutaneous odontogenic sinus tracts associated in traumatized teeth, even in absence of caries or tooth fracture. How to cite this article: Mishra R, Khan TS. Cutaneous Sinus Tract in Association with Traumatic Injury to the Teeth . Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2013;6(3):205-207.

Diagnóstico de fístula cutánea dental: a propósito de seis casos / Odontogenic cutaneous sinus tract: report of six cases

La fístula cutánea dental es una patología de difícil diagnóstico. Se presenta como una lesión supurativa crónica e indolora, cuya localización no siempre guarda relación con la pieza dental afectada. Su diagnóstico requiere un alto índice de sospecha, que habitualmente se confirma con radiografía. Se presentan seis casos que se manifestaron con lesiones de larga evolución, con supuración intermitente y apariencia clínica variable. A todos se les realizó ecografía de partes blandas para demostrar el trayecto fistuloso. Para determinar la localización del foco osteomielítico, a dos pacientes se les solicitó además una tomografía axial computada y a otros dos una radiografía periapical. La mayoría de las fístulas tuvo su origen en la arcada dental inferior.

Odontogenic cutaneous sinus tract is a condition difficult to diagnose. It appears as a painless, chronic suppurative lesion, with a location not always related to the affected tooth. Its diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, usually confirmed by radiography. We report six cases, all of them presenting with long lasting lesions, with intermittent drainage and variable clinical appearance. An ultrasonography was done in every patient, in order to demonstrate the sinus tract. To determine the location of the osteomyelitic focus, in two patients a computed tomography was done, and in other two a periapical radiography. Most sinus tracts were originated in the lower dental arch.

Cutaneous sinus tracts (or emerging sinus tracts) of odontogenic origin: a report of 3 cases.

Three cases are presented in which patients presented with either cutaneous swelling or cutaneous sinus tracts of odontogenic origin. A cutaneous sinus tract of odontogenic origin is a pathway through the alveolar bone that typically begins at the apex of an infected tooth or of an infected portion of the dental alveolus and empties infected material (pus) through the skin. Where as the more common finding of an oral fistula is a pathway from the apical periodontal area of a tooth to the surface of the oral mucous membrane, permitting the discharge of suppurative material. Diagnosis, etiology and treatment are discussed with reference to patient history, clinical examinations, imaging, and treatment perspectives.

Two Cases of Cutaneous Sinus Tract of Dental Origin / 대한피부과학회지

Cutaneous sinus tract of dental origin usually arises from chronic dental infection. Because many patients with these lesions do not have any complaints of oral symptoms, the lesions are often diagnosed incorrectly and overlooked. We report two cases of cutaneous sinus tract of dental origin. One case on nasolabial fold originated from the maxillary canine periapical abscess. Another case on the mandible originated from the mandibular 2nd premolar periapical abscess. Endodontic root canal therapy resulted in complete healing of the lesions in both cases. Early correct diagnosis and treatment of the lesions can prevent unnecessary and ineffective antibiotic therapy or surgical treatment.

Four Cases of Cutaneous Sinus Tract of Dental Origin / 대한피부과학회지

The most common cause of chronic cutaneous sinus tract in the face and neck is chronically draining dental infection. The diagnosis is easily confirmed by dental examination and dental roentgenogram of the involved area, but this disease is frequently misdiagnosed and incorrectly treated in dermatologic department. We report four cases of cutaneous sinus tract of dental origin. First patient had a painful nodule with chronically draining pus and a dimple on the left cheek. Second patient had a dimple with draining bloody fluid on the right chin. Third patient had a pea-sized papule with draining serous fluid on the left chin. Fourth patient had a fluctuant erythematous plaque with draining pus and a dimple on the left buccal area. In all four patients radiologic examination of the maxillary and mandibular regions demonstrated radioluency at the apex of tooth consistent with periapical abscess.