[The ground visual field assessment, using two methods, compared with Goldmann perimetry]. / Évaluation du champ visuel au sol, selon deux méthodes, comparée avec le champ visuel de Goldmann. Validation de l'évaluation du champ visuel au sol.

In visual rehabilitation, ground visual field assessment (GVFA) makes it possible to assess the size of scotomas in connection with locomotion and to restore the width of the patient's visual field (VF). The information obtained by these tests has never been compared with Goldmann testing. The purpose of this study was to assess the reproducibility of VF measurement under different conditions (Goldmann perimetry, manual and automated GVFA). Ten patients (51.4±14.0 years, 4 men and 6 women) with tunnel fields inferior or equal to the central 25°, performed three different versions of a binocular VF assessment: Goldmann perimetry, manual GVFA, and automated GVFA. The two versions of the GVFA were performed at 1m then 5m from the patient on the ground, and finally 5m away from the patient at eye level, facing the patient. The main outcome was the total perceived surface for each test. The reproducibility of the measurement was average or good for the test at 1m (ICC=0.685 to 0.866). Conversely, it was very poor between the tests at 5m, except for the automated and manual GVFA at 5m on the ground (ICC=0.888). This study shows good reproducibility of the GVFA measurements at 1m with less reproducibility at 5m, which can be explained by difficulties in the execution of the GVFA. Among the tests, the automated GVFA appears to be more reliable than the manual GVFA and is preferred by patients.

Una Aproximación al Concepto Comunidad Rural en Psicología Comunitaria / An Approach to the Concept Rural Community in Community Psychology / Uma Abordagem ao Conceito Comunidade Rural em Psicologia Comunitária / Une Approche au Concept de Communauté Rurale en Psychologie Communautaire

Este ensayo aborda el concepto de comunidad rural con el propósito de desarrollar implicaciones para las prácticas de intervención social en territorios y comunidades rurales en Latinoamérica desde la perspectiva de redes sociales en psicología comunitaria. Para ello, (a) se revisa el concepto de comunidad en los escritos clásicos y contemporáneos en psicología comunitaria; (b) se revisan las nociones de comunidad rural y vieja ruralidad elaboradas durante el siglo XX en el contexto de la sociología rural; (c) se analizan los conceptos recientes de nueva ruralidad y de desplazamientos, distinguiendo algunos de sus aportes a la reconfiguración del concepto de comunidad rural y; finalmente, (d) se analiza la emergencia e implicaciones de la perspectiva territorial y el debate sobre el territorio tanto para el concepto de comunidad rural como para el abordaje de prácticas de intervención psicosocial con enfoque de redes sociales en territorios y comunidades rurales latinoamericanos.

This essay approaches the concept of rural community with the purpose of developing implications for the practices of social intervention in rural territories and communities in Latin America from the perspective of social networks in community psychology. To do this, (a) the concept of community in classic and contemporary writings in community psychology; (b) revises the notions of rural community and old rurality elaborated during the 20th century in the context of rural sociology; (c) analyze the recent concepts of new rurality and displacement, distinguishing some of its contributions to the reconfiguration of the concept of rural community and; Finally, (d) the emergence and implications of the territorial perspective and the debate on the territory are analyzed for both the concept of rural community and the approach of psychosocial intervention practices with a focus on social networks in Latin American rural territories and communities.

Este ensaio aborda o conceito de comunidade rural com o objetivo de desenvolver as implicações para as práticas de intervenção social em territórios e comunidades rurais da América Latina a partir da perspectiva das redes sociais na psicologia comunitária. Para tanto, (a) revisa o conceito de comunidade em escritos clássicos e contemporâneos em psicologia comunitária; (b) revisa as noções de comunidade rural e ruralidade antiga elaboradas durante o século 20 no contexto da sociologia rural; (c) analisa os conceitos recentes de nova ruralidade e deslocamento, distinguindo algumas de suas contribuições para a reconfiguração do conceito de comunidade rural e; finalmente, (d) o surgimento e as implicações da perspectiva territorial e do debate sobre o território são analisados tanto para o conceito de comunidade rural como para a abordagem das práticas de intervenção psicossocial, com foco em redes sociais nos territórios e comunidades rurais latino-americanos.

Cet essaie s'approche au concept de communauté rurale pour développer des implications face au pratiques d'intervention sociale dans les territoires ruraux et les communautés en Amérique Latine, du point de vue des réseaux sociaux en psychologie communautaire. Pour ce faire, (a) le concept de communauté est revu dans les écrits classiques et contemporains en psychologie communautaire; (b) les notions de communauté rurale et vieille ruralité exprimées au cours du XXe siècle dans le contexte de la sociologie rurale, sont revu; (c) les concepts récents de la nouvelle ruralité et du déplacement sont analysés, en distinguant des contributions à la reconfiguration du concept de communauté rurale; enfin, (d) on examine l'apparition et les implications de la perspective territoriale et du débat sur le territoire, à la fois pour le concept de communauté comme pour le développement des pratiques d'intervention psychosociale avec un accent sur les réseaux sociaux aux territoires et communautés rurales latino-américains.