Physical activity and sleep changes among children with obesity during a period of school closures related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Daily routines, including in-person school and extracurricular activities, are important for maintaining healthy physical activity and sleep habits in children. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted daily routines as in-person school and activities closed to prevent spread of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to examine and assess differences in objectively measured physical activity levels and sleep patterns from wearable sensors in children with obesity before, during, and after a period of school and extracurricular activity closures associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. We compared average step count and sleep patterns (using the Mann Whitney U Test) before and during the pandemic-associated school closures by using data from activity tracker wristbands (Garmin VivoFit 3). Data was collected from 94 children (aged 5-17) with obesity, who were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial testing a community-based lifestyle intervention for a duration of 12-months. During the period that in-person school and extracurricular activities were closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, children with obesity experienced objectively-measured decreases in physical activity, and sleep duration. From March 15, 2020 to March 31, 2021, corresponding with local school closures, average daily step count decreased by 1,655 steps. Sleep onset and wake time were delayed by about an hour and 45 minutes, respectively, while sleep duration decreased by over 12 minutes as compared with the pre-closure period. Step counts increased with the resumption of in-person activities. These findings provide objective evidence for parents, clinicians, and public health professionals on the importance of in-person daily activities and routines on health behaviors, particularly for children with pre-existing obesity. We demonstrate the utility of wearable sensors in objectively measuring longitudinal physical activity and sleep behavior patterns in children with obesity and in quantifying changes in their health behaviors due to disruption of structured, daily routines following in-person school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Trial Registration: Clinical trial registration: NCT03339440.

The relationship between executive functions and naturalistic use of screen-based activities in children.

Engagement in interactive game-playing and passive TV watching has become an integral part of young children's routines. While there is a consensus regarding the harmful effect of long passive TV viewing on child development, the influence of interactive game playing is much less clear. This study seeks to specifically explore the association between passive TV watching and interactive-game playing, to executive functions (EF) in typically developing children in their natural environment. A convenience sample of 194 Israeli children (aged 5-7 years) was recruited for our cross-sectional study. Parents provided information on the average daily time their children spent watching TV and playing interactive games. In addition, parents fulfilled the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) to assess everyday executive skills in natural settings. Our findings revealed significant correlations between TV viewing and poor EF in five out of eight subscales of BRIEF, in addition to the indexes and the global executive composite (p < 0.05). However, the time spent on playing interactive games was not correlated with any of the BRIEF's subscales except one. Moreover, longer time spent watching TV was found to be a significant predictor of low EF among children (F(1,189) = 8.37; p = .004, R2 = 3.7%). The current study results show that passive viewing led to worse EF performance than active digital gaming. As a consequence, our study supports previous professional recommendations to limit passive TV viewing.

Impact of routine footwear on foot health: A study on plantar fasciitis.

Background: Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain requiring medical attention. The clear understanding of the long-term impact routine footwear has on plantar fasciitis is essential as any slight changes in shoe selection could possibly prevent the wearer from substantial discomfort and disability. Thus this study was planned to investigate impact of routine footwear on foot health by highlighting different features of the shoes worn daily by the people having plantar fasciitis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the orthopedics' outpatient department of a tertiary-care hospital in Pakistan. Data was collected using non-probability convenient sampling from 101 people diagnosed with plantar fasciitis. Their routine footwear was categorized as appropriate or inappropriate on basis of heel height, sole thickness, and insole type (hard/cushioned/arched). Data were collected using a self-designed questionnaire and analysed by applying descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests. Results: The majority (83.2%) of the people wear inappropriate shoes, whereas only 16.8% wear the recommended shoes, i.e., with heel height between 0.5-4 cm, thick soles, and arched or cushioned insoles. About 82.2% of plantar fasciitis patients reported wearing shoes of minimal heel height and 55.5% wore shoes with hard, non-cushioned insole without built-in arch support. Participants who wear inappropriate shoes experience more severe heel pain (P 0.013) which limits their daily activities. Conclusions: Footwear plays an important role in causing plantar fasciitis as the majority of the diagnosed cases wear inappropriate shoes with minimal heel height, thin sole, and hard insole without any built-in arch support.

Benefits of active life in student experiences during COVID-19 pandemic time.

The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to extreme global consequences. In this paper, changes in the basic segments of students' everyday life and their subjective perception are investigated. The research was conducted in Croatia, Serbia and Slovenia. The application of the mixed method was performed to provide breadth and depth of understanding of students' responses to lifestyle changes. The research was conducted in two phases: a quantitative, using an online survey (N = 1,053), from April 15th to April 28th 2020, and a qualitative, using semi-structured interviews (N = 30), from June 10th to July 27th 2020. Students showed similar responses to the measures, but it turned out that the response in that population was different when their gender and study program were taken into account. The results suggest that students of study programs that are not "health-related" were more sensitive to change in habits than students of "health-related" study programs, but generally changes are visible in sleep patterns (going to bed late and waking up 60 to 80 min earlier). At the same time, the time spent in front of screens increased, from M = 4.49 (SD = 2.72) hours to M= 8.27 (SD = 3.44) hours during Covid-19, not only due to the transition to e-learning, but also due to a "stay at home" measure. Furthermore, students were less physically active, there was a decrease in exercise by 20 min (SD = 86.52) and a decrease in walking (M = 54 min, SD = 103.62) per day, and what is positive is that they were able to maintain the recommended amount of physical activity. The research contributes to the understanding of social consequences of extraordinary measures in students as young, healthy and highly educated social actors, as well as deeper insight into everyday strategies they undertake to counter or adapt to the new situation.

Deep Learning, Mining, and Collaborative Clustering to Identify Flexible Daily Activities Patterns.

The monitoring of the daily life activities routine is beneficial, especially in old age. It can provide relevant information on the person's health state and wellbeing and can help identify deviations that signal care deterioration or incidents that require intervention. Existing approaches consider the daily routine as a rather strict sequence of activities which is not usually the case. In this paper, we propose a solution to identify flexible daily routines of older adults considering variations related to the order of activities and activities timespan. It combines the Gap-BIDE algorithm with a collaborative clustering technique. The Gap-BIDE algorithm is used to identify the most common patterns of behavior considering the elements of variations in activities sequence and the period of the day (i.e., night, morning, afternoon, and evening) for increased pattern mining flexibility. K-means and Hierarchical Clustering Agglomerative algorithms are collaboratively used to address the time-related elements of variability in daily routine like activities timespan vectors. A prototype was developed to monitor and detect the daily living activities based on smartwatch data using a deep learning architecture and the InceptionTime model, for which the highest accuracy was obtained. The results obtained are showing that the proposed solution can successfully identify the routines considering the aspects of flexibility such as activity sequences, optional and compulsory activities, timespan, and start and end time. The best results were obtained for the collaborative clustering solution that considers flexibility aspects in routine identification, providing coverage of monitored data of 89.63%.

A qualitative exploration of daily path and daily routine among people in Ukraine who inject drugs to understand associated harms.

BACKGROUND: Patterns of movement, heterogeneity of context, and individual space-time patterns affect health, and individuals' movement throughout the landscape is shaped by addiction, meeting basic needs, and maintaining relationships. Place and social context enable or constrain behavior and individuals use social networks and daily routines to accomplish individual goals and access resources. METHODS: This article explores drug use as part of daily routines and daily paths among people who inject drugs in Dnipro City, Ukraine. Between March and August 2018, we interviewed 30 people who inject drugs living in Dnipro City, Ukraine. Study participants completed a single interview that lasted between 1 and 2 hours. During the interview, participants described their daily routine and daily path using a printed map of Dnipro as a prompt. Participants were asked to draw important sites; give time estimates of arrival and departure; and annotate on the map the points, paths, and areas most prominent or important to them. Participants also described to what extent their daily routines were planned or spontaneous, how much their daily path varied over time, and how drug use shaped their daily routine. RESULTS: We identified 3 major types of daily routine: unpredictable, predictable, and somewhat predictable. Participants with unpredictable daily routines had unreliable sources of income, inconsistent drug suppliers and drug use site, and dynamic groups of people with whom they socialized and used drugs. Participants with predictable daily routines had reliable sources of income, a regular drug dealer or stash source, and a stable group of friends or acquaintances with whom they bought and/or used drugs. Participants with somewhat predictable daily routines had some stable aspects of their daily lives, such as a steady source of income or a small group of friends with whom they used drugs, but also experienced circumstances that undermined their ability to have a routinized daily life, such as changing drug use sites or inconsistent income sources. CONCLUSIONS: Greater attention needs to be paid to the daily routines of people who use drugs to develop and tailor interventions that address the place-based and social contexts that contribute to drug-use related risks.

Gender, Age, Family and Territorial Features of Dietary and Physical Activity Patterns in Russian Youths.

OBJECTIVE: Identifying dietary and physical activity (PA) patterns in Russian youths and examining their dependence on gender, age, family characteristics and area of residence features. The research involved 783 school students 10-17 years of age and their parents living in the cities of Moscow and Murmansk. Using the principal component analysis, four integral indices were identified that characterized the habits and dietary patterns, PA and lifestyle. Boys, compared with girls, were more likely to consume unhealthy foods but less likely to practice malnutrition. Within the age ranges of 13-15 years old and 16-17 years old, the proportions of school students with a poor sleep pattern and low PA were higher than in children 10-12 years of age. In smoking families, children were less likely to consume healthy foods and more likely to eat unhealthy foods. In Murmansk school students, compared with their Moscow peers, a reduction in both sleep time and PA was observed less often. Our study demonstrated that the most significant factors of a balanced and healthy diet, rational daily routine and lifestyle in school students were their gender and age characteristics, as well as some contextual factors.

Identifying and Monitoring the Daily Routine of Seniors Living at Home.

As the population in the Western world is rapidly aging, the remote monitoring solutions integrated into the living environment of seniors have the potential to reduce the care burden helping them to self-manage problems associated with old age. The daily routine is considered a useful tool for addressing age-related problems having additional benefits for seniors like reduced stress and anxiety, increased feeling of safety and security. In this paper, we propose a solution for identifying the daily routines of seniors using the monitored activities of daily living and for inferring deviations from the routines that may require caregivers' interventions. A Markov model-based method is defined to identify the daily routines, while entropy rate and cosine functions are used to measure and assess the similarity between the daily monitored activities in a day and the inferred routine. A distributed monitoring system was developed that uses Beacons and trilateration techniques for monitoring the activities of older adults. The results are promising, the proposed techniques can identify the daily routines with confidence concerning the activity duration of 0.98 and the sequence of activities in the interval of [0.0794, 0.0829]. Regarding deviation identification, our method obtains 0.88 as the best sensitivity value with an average precision of 0.95.

Comparison of Daily Routines Between Middle-aged and Older Participants With and Those Without Diabetes in the Electronic Framingham Heart Study: Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Daily routines (eg, physical activity and sleep patterns) are important for diabetes self-management. Traditional research methods are not optimal for documenting long-term daily routine patterns in participants with glycemic conditions. Mobile health offers an effective approach for collecting users' long-term daily activities and analyzing their daily routine patterns in relation to diabetes status. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to understand how routines function in diabetes self-management. We evaluate the associations of daily routine variables derived from a smartwatch with diabetes status in the electronic Framingham Heart Study (eFHS). METHODS: The eFHS enrolled the Framingham Heart Study participants at health examination 3 between 2016 and 2019. At baseline, diabetes was defined as fasting blood glucose level ≥126 mg/dL or as a self-report of taking a glucose-lowering medication; prediabetes was defined as fasting blood glucose level of 100-125 mg/dL. Using smartwatch data, we calculated the average daily step counts and estimated the wake-up times and bedtimes for the eFHS participants on a given day. We compared the average daily step counts and the intraindividual variability of the wake-up times and bedtimes of the participants with diabetes and prediabetes with those of the referents who were neither diabetic nor prediabetic, adjusting for age, sex, and race or ethnicity. RESULTS: We included 796 participants (494/796, 62.1% women; mean age 52.8, SD 8.7 years) who wore a smartwatch for at least 10 hours/day and remained in the study for at least 30 days after enrollment. On average, participants with diabetes (41/796, 5.2%) took 1611 fewer daily steps (95% CI 863-2360; P<.001) and had 12 more minutes (95% CI 6-18; P<.001) in the variation of their estimated wake-up times, 6 more minutes (95% CI 2-9; P=.005) in the variation of their estimated bedtimes compared with the referents (546/796, 68.6%) without diabetes or prediabetes. Participants with prediabetes (209/796, 26.2%) also walked fewer daily steps (P=.04) and had a larger variation in their estimated wake-up times (P=.04) compared with the referents. CONCLUSIONS: On average, participants with diabetes at baseline walked significantly fewer daily steps and had larger variations in their wake-up times and bedtimes than the referent group. These findings suggest that modifying the routines of participants with poor glycemic health may be an important approach to the self-management of diabetes. Future studies should be designed to improve the remote monitoring and self-management of diabetes.

Analysis of influencing factors for the development of gallstone in population of Beijing / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors for the development of gall-stone in population of Beijing.Methods:The retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted. From November 2016 to September 2020, patients living in Beijing (registered residence in Beijing ≥12 months) who visited the biliary outpatient of Department of General Surgery of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences for the first time were recruited to participate as respondents. The survey was conducted by the questionnaire survey on correlation between dietary habits and incidence of gallstones, in which the information of gender, age, body mass index (BMI), gallstone status, metabolic indicators (hypercholesterolemia, history of diabetes mellitus, reproductive times for female, menopause status of female, duration of menopause for female, history of weight loss), dietary indicators (dietary mix of meat and vegetable dishes, times of coffee intake per month, times of alcohol consumption per month, times of greasy diet intake per month, times of breakfast skipping per week, average overnight fasting time of breakfast skipping, times of supper skipping per week, average overnight fasting time of supper skipping), family history of gallstones, lifestyle indicators (times of staying up late per month, average overnight fasting time when staying up late, daily sedentary time, weekly physical activity score). Observation indicators: (1) results of questionnaire survey; (2) analysis of influencing factors for the occurrence of gallstone. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3). Count data were expressed as absolute numbers or percentages. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Logistic regression model. Results:(1) Results of questionnaire survey. A total of 1 036 questionnaires were distributed, and 1 004 complete questionnaires were recovered. Of the 1 004 patients who completed the questionnaire survey, there were 329 males and 675 females, aged (44±12)years. The BMI of 1 004 patients was (24±3)kg/m 2. Of the 1 004 patients, there were 659 cases with a history of cholecystolithiasis and 345 cases without. (2) Analysis of influencing factors for the occurrence of gallstone. Results of univariate analysis showed that age, history of diabetes mellitus, history of weight loss, times of coffee intake per month, times of greasy diet intake per month, family history of gallstone and daily sedentary time were related factors for the development of gallstone in 1 004 patients ( odds ratio=1.03, 2.26, 1.74, 1.01, 1.01, 2.22, 1.06, 95% confidence intervals as 1.02?1.05, 1.09?5.18, 1.22?2.53, 1.00?1.03, 1.00?1.01, 1.60?3.11, 1.01?1.11, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that age, history of diabetes mellitus, history of weight loss, times of greasy diet intake per month, family history of gallstone and daily sedentary time were independent influencing factors for the development of gallstone in 1 004 patients ( odds ratio=1.03, 2.26, 1.82, 1.01, 2.22, 1.06, 95% confidence intervals as 1.02?1.05, 1.11?5.13, 1.28?2.62, 1.00?1.02,1.60?3.09, 1.01?1.12, P<0.05). Conclusion:Age, history of diabetes mellitus, history of weight loss, times of greasy diet intake per month, family history of gallstone and daily sedentary time are independent influencing factors for the development of gallstone in population of Beijing.

An exploration in remote blood pressure management: Application of daily routine pattern based on mobile data in health management.

Blood pressure (BP) is an important indicator of an individual's health status and is closely related to daily behaviors. Thus, a continuous daily measurement of BP is critical for hypertension control. To assist continuous measurement, BP prediction based on non-physiological data (ubiquitous mobile phone data) was studied in the research. An algorithm was proposed that predicts BP based on patients' daily routine, which includes activities such as sleep, work, and commuting. The aim of the research is to provide insight into the application of mobile data in telemonitoring and the continuous unobtrusive daily measurement of BP. A half-year data set from October 2017 of 320 individuals, including telecom data and BP measurement data, was analyzed. Two hierarchical Bayesian topic models were used to extract individuals' location-driven daily routine patterns (topics) and calculate probabilities among these topics from their day-level mobile trajectories. Based on the topic probability distribution and patients' contextual data, their BP were predicted using different models. The prediction model comparison shows that the long short-term memory (LSTM) method exceeds others when the data has a high dependency. Otherwise, the Random Forest regression model outperforms the LSTM method. Also, the experimental results validate the effectiveness of the topics in BP prediction.

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic social restrictions on individuals with autism spectrum disorder and their caregivers in the Stateof Qatar: A cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Previous research has established an association between changes to the daily routine of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and increase in maladaptive behaviours. The relationship between maladaptive behaviours in autistic individuals and increase in care burden among their caregivers is also well established. However, no study has yet examined these associations in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The main aim of this study was to explore the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on autistic individuals and their caregivers. METHODS: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study conducted with the caregivers of 58 autistic individuals across the mental health services at Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar. The extent of care burden was measured using the Care Burden Interview, whereas changes in behaviour in autistic individuals was assessed using the Revised Overt Aggression Scale. RESULTS: A total of 58 caregivers participated in the study. Out of these, 24 (41 %) reported a clinically significant increase in their care burden. Among caregivers reporting an increase in care burden, two-third were caring for individuals whose behaviour either remained unchanged or improved during social restrictions. Nine autistic people (15.5 %) were reported to have no aggression prior to the implementation of COVID-19 social restrictions compared to 13 (22.4%) individuals during COVID-19 social restrictions. Minimal, mild and moderate aggression were reported in 27 (46.6 %), 21 (36.2 %), and 1 (1.7 %) patients respectively, before COVID-19 social restrictions compared to 29 (50 %), 15 (25.9), and 1 (1.7 %) during COVID-19 restrictions. Severe aggression was not reported in any patient either before or during COVID-19 social restrictions. CONCLUSION: This study showed reduced levels of aggression in autistic individuals but an increase in care burden among their caregivers during the COVID-19 social restrictions highlighting the need of supporting patients and caregivers alike.

New behavior therapy in the treatment of acquired premature ejaculation: A comparative study of listening to music. / Nueva terapia conductual en el tratamiento de la eyaculación precoz adquirida: un estudio comparativo de escuchar música.

OBJECTIVES: Premature ejaculation (PE) is one of the most frequently seen causes of sexual dysfunction in males. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the music therapy is effective in the treatment of acquired PE and compare the intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT), premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT), and anxiety scores of patients with acquired PE symptoms that underwent music therapy to patients that were treated with 30 mg dapoxetine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study's inclusion criteria was as following: age range from 20-35, married, has regular sexual intercourse, non-smokers, and has no known comorbidities. All participants of the study were with acquired PE based on the International Society for Sexual Medicine criteria. Experimental group (group 1) included 60 patients that were asked to listen to relaxing music and meditate for 45 minutes before the sexual intercourse while continuing their daily routine. This group was selected randomly and prospectively from young healthy individuals. Meanwhile, control group (group 2) included 60 patients who were treated with 30 mg dapoxetine for PE and whose datas were collected from the hospital archive. The patients were evaluated before treatment and re-evaluated (PEDT, IELT, anxiety level) after 60 days. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to assess state and trait anxiety. RESULTS: In both groups, a significant difference (p<0.001) was observed in pre and post-treatment IELT, PEDT, and anxiety scores. Although group 2 showed better improvement in both IELT and PEDT scores, there was no significant difference between two groups. CONCLUSION: Listening to music and other similar anxiety decreasing methods can be a part of treatment plan for PE.

OBJETIVOS: La eyaculación precoz (EP) es una de las causas más frecuentes de disfunción sexual en los hombres. El objetivo de este estudio es investigar si la musicoterapia es eficaz en el tratamiento de la EP adquirida y comparar el tiempo de latencia de la eyaculación intravaginal (IELT), la herramienta de diagnóstico de la eyaculación precoz (PEDT) y las puntuaciones de ansiedad de pacientes con síntomas de EP adquirida que se sometieron a musicoterapia a pacientes que fueron tratados con 30 mg de dapoxetina.MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Los criterios de inclusión del estudio fueron los siguientes: rango de edad de 20 a 35 años, casado, tiene relaciones sexuales regulares, no fuma y no tiene comorbilidades conocidas. Todos los participantes del estudio fueron diagnosticados con EP adquirida según los criterios de la Sociedad Internacional de Medicina Sexual. El grupo experimental (grupo 1) incluyó a 60 pacientes a los que se les pidió que escucharan música relajante y meditaran durante 45 minutos antes de la relación sexual mientras continuaban con su rutina diaria. Este grupo se seleccionó de forma aleatoria y prospectiva entre individuos jóvenes sanos. Mientras tanto, el grupo de control (grupo 2) incluyó a 60 pacientes que fueron tratados con 30 mg de dapoxetina para EP y cuyos datos fueron recolectados del archivo del hospital. Los pacientes fueron evaluados antes del tratamiento y reevaluados (PEDT, IELT, nivel de ansiedad) después de 60 días. Se utilizó el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo para evaluar el estado y el rasgo de ansiedad. RESULTADOS: En ambos grupos, se observó una diferencia significativa (p<0,001) en las puntuaciones de IELT, PEDT y ansiedad antes y después del tratamiento. Aunque el grupo 2 mostró una mejora en las puntuaciones de IELT y PEDT, no hubo diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos.CONCLUSIÓN: Escuchar música y otros métodos similares para disminuir la ansiedad puede ser parte del plan de tratamiento para la EP.

The COVID-19 Lockdown and Changes in Routine-Oriented Lifestyle Behaviors and Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Insomnia in South Africa.

BACKGROUND: The authors assessed the impact of lockdown in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on routine-oriented lifestyle behaviors and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia in South Africans. METHODS: In this observational study, 1048 adults (median age = 27 y; n = 767 females; n = 473 students) responded to an online survey on work, exercise, screen, alcohol, caffeine and sleep behaviors, depression, anxiety, and insomnia before and during lockdown. Comparisons were made between males and females, and students and nonstudents. RESULTS: During lockdown, males reported larger reductions in higher intensity exercise and alcohol use than females, while depressive symptoms increased more among females, more of whom also reported poorer sleep quality. Students demonstrated larger delays in work and sleep timing, greater increases in sitting, screen, sleep duration, napping, depression and insomnia and larger decreases in work hours, exercise time, and sleep regularity compared with nonstudents. CONCLUSIONS: Students experienced more changes in their routine-oriented behaviors than nonstudents, coupled with larger increases in depression and insomnia. The dramatic change in their work and sleep timing suggests habitual routines that are at odds with their chronotype, with their sleep changes during lockdown likely reflecting "catch-up" sleep in response to accumulated sleep debt under usual routines.

Special aspects of the efficient daily routine of students at modern educational establishments of different types.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of study is special aspects of the efficient daily routine of students at modern educational institutions of different types, and its influence on psychophysical functions, adaptive abilities, the quality of life as well as the state of mental and somatic health of the youngsters. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: While studying special aspects of the daily routine of students at modern educational institutions and their influence on the state of physical and mental health, the young people were observed in five modern educational establishments in Ivano-Frankivsk: Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk Finance Commercial Cooperative College named after S.Granat, Ivano-Frankivsk music school named after Denis Sichinskiy, Ivano-Frankivsk Vocational Motor Transport and Construction Lyceum № 15, Ivano-Frankivsk boarding lyceum for gifted young people from rural areas. 300 students were observed (150 female students and 150 male students). The study analyzed their educational conditions, daily routine tension, and activities during breaks, special aspects of leisure arrangements, amount of time spent on homework, subjective assessment of the level of tension of the educational process, and their projected influence on the health state of students by using static models. RESULTS: Results: Received results of the assessment of sanitary and hygienic conditions under which training takes place at modern educational institutions of different types, as well as conditions of after school activities of the students, by applying common methods to evaluate illumination level, microclimate, and air quality have revealed that the youngsters' conditions at modern educational institutions are marked by absence of significant deviations from common hygienic requirements, they are similar and easily comparable andthat enables defensibly and illuminatively to identify main features of influence of the different psychohygienic methods on the development of health maintaining tools and the establishment of features of the formation of functional capabilities and the basic correlates of mental and physical health. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The educational conditions of young people in modern educational establishments can be described as not having considerable deviations from common hygienic requirements, being easily comparable and enabling to identify main influence factors of different types of psychohygienic methods of developing and implementing of healthmaintaining tools on the course of formation of the functional capabilities of the body and the development of the main adaptation reactions in young males and females.

Cotidiano de pessoas adultas com deficiência motora numa Unidade de Saúde da Família / Daily life of elderly people with motor deficiency in a Family Health Unit / Cotidiano de personas adultas con deficiência motora en una Unidad de Salud de la Familia

Objetivo: o presente estudo objetivou compreender o cotidiano de pessoas com deficiência motora de uma Unidade de Saúde numa cidade do interior da Bahia. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo com abordagem fenomenológico, de caráter descritivo, exploratório. Participaram desse estudo 29 pessoas com deficiência motora. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevista semiestruturada, após autorização do Comitê de ética parecer nº 633.531/2014. Os dados empíricos foram submetidos a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: emergiram as seguintes categorias: o sofrimento no processo do viver com deficiência motora; a aceitação do viver com deficiência e o preconceito no conviver com as diferenças no processo relacional. Conclusões: esse estudo revelou que o cotidiano da pessoa diante de suas relações sociais é fundamental para a reconstrução do significado do viver com a deficiência motora.

Objective: This study aimed to understand the daily routine of people with motor deficiency in a Health Unit in a city in the interior of Bahia. Method: This is a descriptive, exploratory study with a qualitative approach. 29 people with motor deficiencyparticipated in this study. The data collection was done through a semistructured interview, after being authorized by the Ethics Committee by resolution No. 633.531 / 2014. The empirical data were subjected to content analysis. Results: The following categories emerged: Suffering in the process of living with motordeficiency; the acceptance of living with deficiency and prejudice when living with differences in the relational process. Conclusions: This study revealed that the daily life of the person in front of their social relations is fundamental for the reconstruction of the meaning of living with motor deficiency.

Objetivo: El presente estudio buscó comprender el cotidiano de personas con deficiência motora de una Unidad de Salud en una ciudad del interior de Bahía. Método: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, exploratorio con un abordaje cualitativo. Participaron en este estudio 29 personas con deficiência motora. La colecta de datos fue realizada a través de una entrevista semiestructurada, después de ser autorizada por el Comité de Ética mediante el parecer nº633.531/2014. Los datos empíricos fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido. Resultados: Surgieron las siguientes categorías: El sufrimiento en el proceso de vivir con deficiência motora; la aceptación de vivir con deficiência y el prejuicio al convivir con las diferencias en el proceso relacional. Conclusiones: Este estudio reveló que el cotidiano de la persona frente a sus relaciones sociales es fundamental para la reconstrucción del significado de vivir con deficiência motora.

Scalp Cooling in Daily Clinical Practice for Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Curative Chemotherapy: A Multicenter Interventional Study.

OBJECTIVE: Chemotherapy-induced alopecia is a common and distressful side effect, especially among breast cancer patients. Scalp cooling (SC) can reduce hair loss during anthracycline- and taxane-based chemotherapy. This study assessed the effectiveness of SC in daily clinical practice in three Italian oncology units. METHODS: From 2014 to 2016, we prospectively included 220 female early-stage breast cancer patients undergoing curative chemotherapy in combination with SC using the Paxman device. Effectiveness was defined as the severity of hair loss according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 as follows: Grade 0, no hair loss; Grade 1, <50% hair loss not requiring a wig; and Grade 2, ≥50% hair loss at each cycle and at completion of chemotherapy. The tolerability and safety were also evaluated. RESULTS: The overall success rate of SC (hair loss Grade 0-1) was 68%. Severe hair loss was avoided in 89% of women receiving taxane-based chemotherapy and in 78% of women receiving both anthracyclines and taxanes. Among women undergoing anthracycline-based chemotherapy, 47% experienced hair preservation. SC was well tolerated, as only 20 patients discontinued SC for reasons other than hair loss. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirmed that SC provides a reliable chance for breast cancer patients to keep their hair during taxane- and/or anthracycline-based chemotherapy.

Early detection of prostate cancer using prostate-specific antigen testing: an empirical evaluation among general practitioners and urologists.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death among German men. One option for PCa early detection is prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, which is still under debate regarding its risk benefits. Besides recommendations on the early PCa detection, daily practice on PSA testing varies in, for example, information communication and usage of the test. This pilot study assessed potential differences between general practitioners (GPs) and urologists in handling PSA testing and guidelines on early detection of PCa. Methods: 172 GPs belonging to the teaching network of the University of Oldenburg in Lower Saxony and Bremen and 128 practicing urologists were included in the online survey focusing on PSA testing. The questionnaire covered 43 questions on topics as the usage of the test, information communication, handling of test results and handling of/knowledge about national and international guidelines on PCa. Wether PSA testing is used in accordance with guidelines was also explored in four standardized case scenarios. Statistical analysis was done at a descriptive level. Results: In total, 65 doctors participated in the survey (response proportion: 21.7%, n=65; 27.9%, n=48 [GPs]; 13.2%, n=17 [urologists]). Results of 41 GPs and 14 urologists were analyzed. The PSA test was judged as useful by all urologists, while almost half of the GPs valued the test as ambivalent or not useful. Urologists showed a more proactive approach of informing men on PSA testing. Regarding guidelines and recommendations on PSA testing, GPs were less familiar with them compared to the urologists. Doctors of both specialties did not always treat men in consistence with the guidelines. This was partially in contradiction to their self-appraisal. Conclusion: This pilot study is highlighting differences in PSA testing practices between GPs and urologists in Germany. Urologists showed a more proactive approach. For further verification, we plan a more comprehensive study covering several German states.

An Ecocultural Perspective on Eating-Related Routines Among Low-Income Families With Preschool-Aged Children.

Eating-related routines, such as regular mealtimes, can protect against obesity. Little is known about eating-related routines among preschoolers or the factors that shape those routines. Ecocultural Theory and qualitative interviews with 30 caregivers of preschoolers in Colorado were used to describe eating-related routines at home and parents' perspectives on the factors that shape routines. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze and interpret data. Consistent with clinical recommendations, parents' goals included dinner meals where adults and preschoolers eat the same food, in the same place, at the same time. However, parents' employment schedules and challenges in managing preschoolers' behavior prevented parents from consistently enacting recommended routines. Educating parents alone may not be sufficient to ensure optimal eating-related routines among preschoolers, and the household context needs to be considered. Families organized routines according to cultural values and available resources.

Factors influencing the physical activity in daily life of male patients with different levels of severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

[Purpose] Physical activity influences the prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and is influenced by exercise tolerance, and environmental, psychological, and many other factors, but the influence of these factors on physical activity levels in each stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is unknown. This study aimed to clarify this matter. [Participants and Methods] Seventy-one male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aged 72.2 ± 4.5 years) participated in this study. We compared physical activity levels (determined as daily steps), presence or absence of daily routine (e.g., housework or hobby), 6-minute walking distance, psychological factors (using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and health-related quality of life (Physical and Mental component summary of the 36-item short-form health survey) between patients in different stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [Results] When examined at each stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, physical activity levels correlated with the presence or absence of daily routine, 6-minute walking distance, and Physical component summary in all stages, but the scores in the anxiety and depression components of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Mental component summary correlated only with stage 4. [Conclusion] Physical functioning was related to physical activity levels at any stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, although psychological functioning was related to the progress of disease severity. The approach to promote an active lifestyle must be selected depending on the stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.