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1.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 39(3): 261-281, Abr. 2024. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-231692

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Guía para la práctica clínica en neurorrehabilitación de personas adultas con daño cerebral adquirido de la Sociedad Española de Neurorrehabilitación. Documento basado en la revisión de guías de práctica clínica internacionales publicadas entre 2013-2020. Desarrollo: Se establecen recomendaciones según el nivel de evidencia que ofrecen los estudios revisados referentes a aspectos consensuados entre expertos dirigidos a definir la población, características específicas de la intervención o la exposición bajo investigación. Conclusiones: Deben recibir neurorrehabilitación todos aquellos pacientes que, tras un daño cerebral adquirido, hayan alcanzado una mínima estabilidad clínica. La neurorrehabilitación debe ofrecer tanto tratamiento como sea posible en términos de frecuencia, duración e intensidad (al menos 45-60 minutos de cada modalidad de terapia específica que el paciente precise). La neurorrehabilitación requiere un equipo transdisciplinar coordinado, con el conocimiento, la experiencia y las habilidades para trabajar en equipo tanto con pacientes como con sus familias. En la fase aguda, y para los casos más graves, se recomiendan programas de rehabilitación en unidades hospitalarias, procediéndose a tratamiento ambulatorio tan pronto como la situación clínica lo permita y se puedan mantener los criterios de intensidad. La duración del tratamiento debe basarse en la respuesta terapéutica y en las posibilidades de mejoría, en función del mayor grado de evidencia disponible. Al alta deben ofrecerse servicios de promoción de la salud, actividad física, apoyo y seguimiento para garantizar que se mantengan los beneficios alcanzados, detectar posibles complicaciones o valorar posibles cambios en la funcionalidad que hagan necesario el acceso a nuevos programas de tratamiento.(AU)


Introduction: We present the Spanish Society of Neurorehabilitation's guidelines for adult acquired brain injury (ABI) rehabilitation. These recommendations are based on a review of international clinical practice guidelines published between 2013 and 2020. Development: We establish recommendations based on the levels of evidence of the studies reviewed and expert consensus on population characteristics and the specific aspects of the intervention or procedure under research. Conclusions: All patients with ABI should receive neurorehabilitation therapy once they present a minimal level of clinical stability. Neurorehabilitation should offer as much treatment as possible in terms of frequency, duration, and intensity (at least 45–60 min of each specific form of therapy that is needed). Neurorehabilitation requires a coordinated, multidisciplinary team with the knowledge, experience, and skills needed to work in collaboration both with patients and with their families. Inpatient rehabilitation interventions are recommended for patients with more severe deficits and those in the acute phase, with outpatient treatment to be offered as soon as the patient's clinical situation allows it, as long as intensity criteria can be maintained. The duration of treatment should be based on treatment response and the possibilities for further improvement, according to the best available evidence. At discharge, patients should be offered health promotion, physical activity, support, and follow-up services to ensure that the benefits achieved are maintained, to detect possible complications, and to assess possible changes in functional status that may lead the patient to need other treatment programmes.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Clinical Protocols , Neurological Rehabilitation , Brain Damage, Chronic/rehabilitation , Stroke Rehabilitation , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/rehabilitation , Neurology , Nervous System Diseases , Spain
2.
Med Intensiva (Engl Ed) ; 48(6): 341-355, 2024 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38493062

ABSTRACT

Temperature management has been used in patients with acute brain injury resulting from different conditions, such as post-cardiac arrest hypoxic-ischaemic insult, acute ischaemic stroke, and severe traumatic brain injury. However, current evidence offers inconsistent and often contradictory results regarding the clinical benefit of this therapeutic strategy on mortality and functional outcomes. Current guidelines have focused mainly on active prevention and treatment of fever, while therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has fallen into disuse, although doubts persist as to its effectiveness according to the method of application and appropriate patient selection. This narrative review presents the most relevant clinical evidence on the effects of TH in patients with acute neurological damage, and the pathophysiological concepts supporting its use.


Subject(s)
Brain Injuries , Hypothermia, Induced , Humans , Hypothermia, Induced/methods , Brain Injuries/therapy , Brain Injuries/complications , Fever/etiology , Fever/therapy , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/therapy , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/complications , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/therapy
3.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 39(2): 178-179, Mar. 2024. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-230872

ABSTRACT

La fatiga es un síndrome multidimensional, complejo y frecuente en los pacientes con daño cerebral sobrevenido, influyendo negativamente en el proceso de neurorrehabilitación. Aparece desde etapas tempranas luego de la lesión y puede permanecer en el tiempo, recuperadas o no las secuelas del daño. La fatiga depende de circuitos neuronales superiores y se define como una percepción anómala de sobreesfuerzo. Tiene una prevalencia de 29% a 77% tras el ictus, 18% a 75% tras el traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) y 47% a 97% tras tumores cerebrales. La fatiga se asocia a factores como sexo femenino, edad avanzada, familia disfuncional, antecedentes patológicos específicos, estado funcional (p. ej. fatiga previa a la lesión), comorbilidades, estado anímico, discapacidad secundaria y uso de ciertos fármacos. Su estudio se realiza sobre todo a partir de escalas como la Escala de severidad de fatiga (Fatigue Severity Scale). Hoy en día existen avances en herramientas de imagen para su diagnóstico como la resonancia magnética funcional. En cuanto a su tratamiento, no existe aún terapia farmacológica definitiva, sin embargo, existen resultados positivos con terapias dentro de la neurorrehabilitación convencional, terapia lumínica y el uso del neurofeedback, estimulación eléctrica y magnética transcraneal. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo ayudar al profesional dedicado a la neurorrehabilitación a reconocer factores asociados modificables, así como terapias a su alcance para disminuir sus efectos nocivos en el paciente. (AU)


Fatigue is a complex, multidimensional syndrome that is prevalent in patients with acquired brain damage and has a negative impact on the neurorehabilitation process. It presents from early stages after the injury, and may persist over time, regardless of whether sequelae have resolved. Fatigue is conditioned by upper neuronal circuits, and is defined as an abnormal perception of overexertion. Its prevalence ranges from 29% to 77% after stroke, from 18% to 75% after traumatic brain injury, and from 47% to 97% after brain tumours. Fatigue is associated with factors including female sex, advanced age, dysfunctional families, history of specific health conditions, functional status (eg, fatigue prior to injury), comorbidities, mood, secondary disability, and the use of certain drugs. Assessment of fatigue is fundamentally based on such scales as the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Advances have recently been made in imaging techniques for its diagnosis, such as in functional MRI. Regarding treatment, no specific pharmacological treatment currently exists; however, positive results have been reported for some conventional neurorehabilitation therapies, such as bright light therapy, neurofeedback, electrical stimulation, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. This review aims to assist neurorehabilitation professionals to recognise modifiable factors associated with fatigue and to describe the treatments available to reduce its negative effect on patients. (AU)


Subject(s)
Fatigue , Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy/complications , Brain Damage, Chronic/complications , Stroke , Brain Injuries, Traumatic , Brain Neoplasms
4.
Inf. psiquiátr ; (253): 37-80, 1er trim. 2024. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-232367

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El hospital de día de Neuropsiquiatría del Hospital Mare de Déu de la Mercè es un recurso sanitario especializado suprasectorial de régimen diurno, que atiende a personas adultas entre los 18 y 65 años de edad, con deterioro cognitivo debido a un daño cerebral sobrevenido, a uso de sustancias, enfermedad de Huntington o demencias neurodegenerativas de inicio precoz. La duración del ingreso es de 90 días y el objetivo principal es rehabilitador. Las terapias impartidas incluyen estimulación cognitiva, manejo de agenda, adaptación al déficit, manejo de la autonomía, terapia física e inclusión social. El objetivo del manuscrito es presentar la experiencia del abordaje multidisciplinar aplicado durante los años 2015 a 2022, y describir su capacidad resolutiva, entendiéndola como la capacidad para mejorar las habilidades cognitivas, la conducta, el equilibrio físico y la funcionalidad de las personas atendidas.Métodos: La información ha sido obtenida a partir de las valoraciones realizadas según los protocolos de evaluación multidisciplinar del hospital. Se ha realizado una estadística descriptiva y se ha utilizado la prueba t para medias de dos muestras emparejadas para evaluar diferencias significativas entre las valoraciones al ingreso y al alta. La muestra es de 435 personas, con una media de edad de 51.54 años, de las cuales 185 (42.53%) son mujeres. Como instrumentos de medida se han utilizado pruebas de despistaje cognitivo, de evaluación de la conducta, de equilibrio y funcionalidad, y un cuestionario de calidad de vida. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 435 personas con los siguientes perfiles diagnósticos: daño cerebral sobrevenido (n = 199), deterioro cognitivo asociado a uso de sustancias (n = 103), enfermedad de Huntington (n = 41), demencias degenerativas de inicio precoz (n = 32), deterioro cognitivo asociado al VIH (n = 2) y deterioro cognitivo no especificado (n = 58). ... (AU)


Introduction: The Neuropsychiatry day hospital of the Mare de Déu de la Mercè Hospital is a specialized suprasectorial daytime health resource, which cares for adults between 18 and 65 years of age, with cognitive impairment due to acquired brain damage, substance use, Huntington's disease, and early-onset neurodegenerative dementias. The duration of admission is 90 days and the main objective is rehabilitation. The therapies provided include cognitive stimulation, agenda management, deficit adaptation, autonomy management, physical therapy and social inclusion. The objective of the manuscript is to present the experience of the multidisciplinary approach applied during the years 2015 to 2022, and describe its resolution capacity, understanding it as the ability to improve the cognitive skills, behavior, physical balance and functionality of the people cared for.Methods: The information has been obtained from the assessments carried out according to the hospital's multidisciplinary evaluation protocols. Descriptive statistics were performed and the t test for means of two paired samples was used to evaluate significant differences between the assessments at admission and at discharge. The sample consists of 435 people, with an average age of 51.54 years, of which 185 (42.53%) were women. Cognitive screening tests, behavioral assessment tests, balance and functionality tests, and a quality of life questionnaire have been used as measurement instruments. Results: A total of 435 people were included with the following diagnostic profiles: acquired brain damage (n = 199), cognitive impairment associated with substance use (n = 103), Huntington's disease (n = 41), early-onset degenerative dementias (n = 32), HIV-associated cognitive impairment (n = 2) and unspecified cognitive impairment (n = 58). ... (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Rehabilitation Services , Neuropsychiatry , Brain Injuries, Diffuse , Substance-Related Disorders , Rehabilitation , Treatment Outcome , Huntington Disease , Schizophrenia , Spain
5.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 39(2): 178-189, 2024 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38278413

ABSTRACT

Fatigue is a complex, multidimensional syndrome that is prevalent in patients with acquired brain damage and has a negative impact on the neurorehabilitation process. It presents from early stages after the injury, and may persist over time, regardless of whether sequelae have resolved. Fatigue is conditioned by upper neuronal circuits, and is defined as an abnormal perception of overexertion. Its prevalence ranges from 29% to 77% after stroke, from 18% to 75% after traumatic brain injury, and from 47% to 97% after brain tumours. Fatigue is associated with factors including female sex, advanced age, dysfunctional families, history of specific health conditions, functional status (eg, fatigue prior to injury), comorbidities, mood, secondary disability, and the use of certain drugs. Assessment of fatigue is fundamentally based on such scales as the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Advances have recently been made in imaging techniques for its diagnosis, such as in functional MRI. Regarding treatment, no specific pharmacological treatment currently exists; however, positive results have been reported for some conventional neurorehabilitation therapies, such as bright light therapy, neurofeedback, electrical stimulation, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. This review aims to assist neurorehabilitation professionals to recognise modifiable factors associated with fatigue and to describe the treatments available to reduce its negative effect on patients.


Subject(s)
Brain Injuries , Stroke , Humans , Female , Fatigue/etiology , Stroke/complications , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Brain
6.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 39(3): 261-281, 2024 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37116696

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: We present the Spanish Society of Neurorehabilitation's guidelines for adult acquired brain injury (ABI) rehabilitation. These recommendations are based on a review of international clinical practice guidelines published between 2013 and 2020. DEVELOPMENT: We establish recommendations based on the levels of evidence of the studies reviewed and expert consensus on population characteristics and the specific aspects of the intervention or procedure under research. CONCLUSIONS: All patients with ABI should receive neurorehabilitation therapy once they present a minimal level of clinical stability. Neurorehabilitation should offer as much treatment as possible in terms of frequency, duration, and intensity (at least 45-60minutes of each specific form of therapy that is needed). Neurorehabilitation requires a coordinated, multidisciplinary team with the knowledge, experience, and skills needed to work in collaboration both with patients and with their families. Inpatient rehabilitation interventions are recommended for patients with more severe deficits and those in the acute phase, with outpatient treatment to be offered as soon as the patient's clinical situation allows it, as long as intensity criteria can be maintained. The duration of treatment should be based on treatment response and the possibilities for further improvement, according to the best available evidence. At discharge, patients should be offered health promotion, physical activity, support, and follow-up services to ensure that the benefits achieved are maintained, to detect possible complications, and to assess possible changes in functional status that may lead the patient to need other treatment programmes.


Subject(s)
Brain Injuries , Neurological Rehabilitation , Adult , Humans , Patient Discharge , Neurological Rehabilitation/methods , Ambulatory Care
7.
Cir Cir ; 91(3): 388-396, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37433151

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The acquired brain damage is a common neurological disorder. OBJECTIVE: Determine the probabilistic intersections of variables related to acquired brain damage from the determination of a priori and a posteriori probabilities. METHOD: Analytical retrospective study. A descriptive analysis was carried out, confidence intervals were calculated to obtain the mean and the proportion with α = 0.05 considering the age of the patient and the diagnosis. An analysis of probabilistic intersection, a priori and a posteriori probability was performed considering diagnosis, sex and age decade; finally, chi squared was calculated. RESULTS: 736 patients were analyzed. The most frequent diagnosis was language disorder. The patients diagnosed with memory disorder were the youngest and those diagnosed with degenerative cognitive disorder the oldest. The probability that a patient with sequelae due to acquired brain damage arrives at the hospital, at the language pathology service, to be diagnosed with a language disorder and that this patient is also a man is 29.06%. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of short and long-term disability generated by acquired brain damage highlights the importance of an early and timely detection and diagnosis so that it favors prompt and efficient specialized care.


ANTECEDENTES: El daño cerebral adquirido es un trastorno neurológico común. OBJETIVO: Determinar las intersecciones probabilísticas de variables relacionadas con daño cerebral adquirido a partir de la determinación de probabilidades a priori y a posteriori. MÉTODO: Estudio retrospectivo analítico. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y se calcularon intervalos de confianza para la media y para la proporción con α = 0.05 considerando la edad del paciente y el diagnóstico. Se realizó análisis de intersección probabilística, probabilidad a priori y a posteriori considerando el diagnóstico, el sexo y la década de edad; por último, se utilizó la prueba χ2. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 736 pacientes. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue el trastorno del lenguaje. Los pacientes diagnosticados con trastorno de memoria fueron los más jóvenes y los diagnosticados con trastorno cognitivo degenerativo los más longevos. La probabilidad de que llegue al hospital, al servicio de patología de lenguaje, un paciente con secuelas por daño cerebral adquirido, sea diagnosticado con trastorno del lenguaje y sea hombre es del 29.06%. CONCLUSIONES: La alta prevalencia de discapacidad a corto y largo plazo generada por el daño cerebral adquirido indica la importancia de la detección y el diagnóstico temprano y oportuno que favorezcan una pronta y eficiente atención especializada.


Subject(s)
Brain Injuries , Cognition Disorders , Language Disorders , Male , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Brain Injuries/etiology , Disease Progression , Language Disorders/etiology
8.
Siglo cero (Madr.) ; 54(2): 93-114, abr.-jun. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-220983

ABSTRACT

El daño cerebral adquirido (DCA) puede provocar secuelas físicas, motrices, neuropsicológicas y generar una discapacidad en las personas afectadas. La rehabilitación neuropsicológica holística trata de reducir las secuelas cognitivas, conductuales, emocionales y sociales. El abordaje holístico plantea un trabajo que combine intervenciones individuales, grupales, la práctica en entornos lo más reales posible, así como la intervención familiar y vocacional. Este tipo de rehabilitación busca generalizar los resultados alcanzados a la vida cotidiana, para incrementar la funcionalidad, autonomía y calidad de vida. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar y comparar el rendimiento cognitivo y la calidad de vida percibida, antes y después de realizar un programa holístico de rehabilitación neuropsicológica con actividades en entornos reales. Se analizó una muestra de 20 personas con DCA. Se administraron pruebas de evaluación neuropsicológica de atención, memoria, funciones ejecutivas y calidad de vida. Los resultados mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el rendimiento de atención, memoria de trabajo, funciones ejecutivas y calidad de vida. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la rehabilitación neuropsicológica holística, que englobe el trabajo en entornos reales, podría contribuir a alcanzar posibles mejoras en la generalización de la evolución cognitiva a la vida cotidiana y ayudar a incrementar la calidad de vida de las personas con DCA. (AU)


Acquired brain injury (ABI) could cause physical, motor, neuropsychological, and generate a disability on affected people. The holistic neuropsychological rehabilitation attemps to reduce cognitive, behavioural, emotional and social sequels. Holistic approach propose a combined work of individual and grupal interventions, training in environments the most real as possible, as well as the family and vocational interventions. The goal of this rehabilitation is to generalise the achieved results to the patient’s daily life to increase their functional, autonomy and their quality of life. The aim of this study was to analyse and compare the cognitive performance, and quality of life, before and after to follow a holistic neuropsychological rehabilitation program that included activities on real environment. A sample of 20 persons with ABI was studied. Neuropsychological assessment tests of attention, memory, executive funcions and quality of life were apply. Results showed statistically significant differences on attention, memory and executive functions performance and in quality of life. These findings suggest that holistic neuropsychological rehabilitation, that included the work on real environments, could contribute to generalizing the cognitive outcome to daily life and help to increase quality of life of ABI persons. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Brain Diseases/rehabilitation , Quality of Life , Holistic Health , Spain , Neurological Rehabilitation , Stroke
9.
Rehabilitación (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 57(2): [100740], Abr-Jun 2023. graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-218559

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El daño cerebral adquirido (DCA) se define como una lesión neurológica, acaecida de forma aguda, en algún momento de la vida provocando deficiencia o pérdida de capacidad funcional. En el año 2019 se crea un documento específico por parte del defensor del pueblo señalando la relevancia de la atención a esta entidad en la edad pediátrica. Pacientes y método: Se presenta el proceso de creación y la casuística de atención de una de las primeras unidades de atención integral al DCA en fase subaguda en edad pediátrica dentro del sistema público de salud.Resultados: Se han elaborado diferentes guías clínicas sobre el proceso de admisión y atención dentro de la unidad, tanto al paciente como a sus familiares. Se han atendido 24 pacientes ≤18 años, ingresados en la unidad de DCA en fase subaguda desde noviembre de 2019 hasta julio de 2021, 12 provenientes de la Comunidad de Madrid. La mediana de edad fue de 6,97 años. El mecanismo traumático fue el más frecuente predominando las causas iatrogénicas, seguido de la precipitación y los accidentes relacionados con vehículos. A su ingreso en la unidad, 8 mantenían un estado de mínima conciencia/vegetativo. Se requirió la colaboración de hasta 14 especialistas diferentes dada la complejidad de los pacientes. La evolución fue globalmente favorable en 23 casos, con secuelas en todos ellos. Conclusión: Es de vital importancia la creación de unidades especializadas en la atención al DCA en edad pediátrica con protocolos de actuación específicos y un trabajo coordinado trans- y multidisciplinar.(AU)


Introduction: Acquired brain injury (ABI) is defined as a neurological injury, acutely occurred, at some point in life causing impairment or loss of functional capacity. In 2019, a specific document was created by the Ombudsman pointing out the relevance of attention to this entity in the pediatric age. Patients and method: The process of creation and the casuistry of care of one of the first comprehensive care units for subacute ACD in pediatric age within the public health system is presented. Results: Different clinical guidelines have been prepared on the admission and care process within the unit, both for patients and their relatives. Twenty-four patients ≤18 years old, admitted to the subacute phase ACD unit from November 2019 to July 2021, 12 coming from the Community of Madrid, were attended. The median age was 6.97 years. Traumatic mechanism was the most frequent, with iatrogenic causes predominating, followed by precipitation and vehicle-related accidents. On admission to the unit, 8 maintained a minimally conscious/vegetative state. The collaboration of up to 14 different specialists was required due to the complexity of the patients. The overall evolution was favorable in 23 cases, with sequelae in all of them. Conclusion: The creation of units specialized in pediatric ACD care with specific action protocols and coordinated trans- and multidisciplinary work is of vital importance.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Brain Damage, Chronic , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Brain Injuries, Traumatic , Stroke , Pediatrics , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies
10.
Tog (A Coruña) ; 20(1): 77-89, May 31, 2023. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-223813

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: profundizar en las diferentes técnicas de rehabilitación funcional de los miembros superiores afectados por una lesión neurológica en el lóbulo parietal tras un ictus, empleando métodos y/o abordajes que estén apoyados por diferentes marcos teóricos de referencia, dentro de la Neurorrehabilitación y la Terapia ocupacional. Métodos: en total han sido seleccionados 30 documentos para llevar a cabo la revisión bibliográfica, en inglés y español, utilizando buscadores como PubMed, Dialnet, Scielo, páginas web. Resultados: se muestran diferentes intervenciones terapéuticas que abordan de forma integral al paciente (función cognitiva, sensitiva y motora). Se diferencian terapias convencionales y modernas, existiendo dentro de estas últimas otras clasificaciones dependiendo de si utilizan dispositivos externos para lograr la reorganización cortical o métodos internos inherentes al paciente. Conclusiones: el inicio del tratamiento tras un daño parietal en hemisferio derecho debe ser lo más temprano posible y la mejor evidencia recae sobre el reaprendizaje orientado a tareas, que aumenta si a ésta se suman otras terapias, para abordar de forma integral las distintas áreas afectadas del paciente.(AU)


Objective: To delve into the different functional rehabilitation techniques of the upper limbs affected by a neurological lesion in the parietal lobe after a stroke, using methods and/or approaches that are supported by different theoretical frameworks of reference, within Neurorehabilitation and Therapy. occupational. Methods: A total of 30 documents have been selected to carry out the bibliographic review, in English and Spanish, using search engines such as PubMed, Dialnet, Scielo, web pages. Results: Different therapeutic interventions are shown that comprehensively address the patient (cognitive, sensory and motor function). Conventional and modern therapies are differentiated, existing within the latter other classifications depending on whether they use external devices to achieve cortical reorganization or internal methods inherent to the patient. Conclusions: The start of treatment after parietal damage in the right hemisphere should be as early as possible and the best evidence relies on task-oriented relearning, which increases if other therapies are added to it, to comprehensively address the different affected areas. of the patient.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Upper Extremity , Rehabilitation , Neurological Rehabilitation , Occupational Therapy , Stroke Rehabilitation , Parietal Lobe/injuries
11.
Tog (A Coruña) ; 20(1): 90-98, May 31, 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-223814

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: el accidente cerebrovascular es una de las patologías que mayor dependencia generan en la población española. La rehabilitación basada en la evidencia, precoz e intensiva es la que ofrece unos mayores índices de recuperación, siendo la realidad virtual un abordaje que puede favorecer la mejora de la función de la extremidad superior. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es valorar la efectividad de los dispositivos de realidad virtual semi-inmersiva usados para la rehabilitación de la extremidad superior en pacientes que han sufrido un accidente cerebrovascular. Métodos: siguiendo las directrices PRISMA, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Pubmed, Cochrane Library, OTseeker y Scopus. Para evaluar la calidad metodológica de los estudios que cumplan los criterios de selección, se utilizó la escala Oxford y la escala PEDro. Resultados: Aplicando los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron un total de 13 estudios. Conclusiones: De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, la realidad virtual es un abordaje eficaz para la rehabilitación del paciente con ictus, especialmente si se combina con terapia convencional. No existe un consenso claro acerca de los protocolos de tratamiento con mayor evidencia.(AU)


Objective: Cerebrovascular accident is one of the pathologies that generate the greatest dependency in the Spanish population. Evidence- based, early and intensive rehabilitation is the one that offers the highest recovery rates, with virtual reality being an approach that can favor the improvement of the function of the upper extremity. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of semi-immersive virtual reality devices used for the rehabilitation of upper extremity in patients who have suffered a stroke. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, a bibliographic search was carried out in the Pubmed, Cochrane Library, OTseeker and Scopus databases. To assess the methodological quality of the studies that meet the selection criteria, the Oxford scale and the PEDro scale were used. Results: Applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 13 studies were selected. Conclusions: According to the results obtained, virtual reality is an effective approach for the rehabilitation of stroke patients, especially if it is combined with conventional therapy. There is no clear consensus about the treatment protocols with the most evidence.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Rehabilitation , Upper Extremity , Virtual Reality , Stroke Rehabilitation/methods
12.
Rev. int. med. cienc. act. fis. deporte ; 23(89): 271-281, mar. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-219884

ABSTRACT

La literatura científica señala la importancia de la actividad física (AF) en las personas con daño cerebral adquirido (DCA) para mantener su salud y funcionalidad; sin embargo, en general presentan secuelas crónicas, bajos niveles de AF y baja autoestima. Con el objetivo de analizar la autoestima en personas con DCA en fase crónica en función de la práctica de AF, se realizó un estudio quasi-experimental ex post facto, comparando dos grupos: personas que realizaban AF(n=50)y personas que no realizaba AF(n=49), evaluando la autoestima con la Escala de Rosenberg. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y se utilizó la prueba T para muestras independientes. Así, el grupo que realizó AF mostró mejor autoestima y mayor autonomía personal (p≤0.05). Por ello, se recomienda la práctica de AF para mejorarla autoestima en personas con DCA. Además, haber practicado AF antes del DCA parece ser determinante para su práctica a posteriori. (AU)


People with acquired brain injury (ABI) have long-term consequences and show low levels of physical activity (PA), presenting worse self-esteem. Nevertheless, it is proven that the practice of PA in people with ABI improve psychological dimension. The aim was to study if self-esteem in people with ABI in the chronic phase is influenced by PA practice. A quasi-experimental ex post facto design was used, where there were two groups: PA group (n=50) and the sedentary group (n=49). The Rosenberg Scale was used to measure self-esteem. A descriptive analysis was carried out and the T test for independent samples was used. People who practice PA perceived better self-esteem and higher autonomy (p ≤0.05). Therefore, the practice of PA is recommended to improve self-esteem in people with ABI. Furthermore, having practiced PA before the ABI seems to be decisive for its subsequent practice. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Motor Activity , Self Concept , Brain Injuries , Spain , Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
13.
Cuad. psicol. deporte ; 23(1): 206-218, ene.-abr. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-214820

ABSTRACT

El boxeo es un deporte popular que implica golpes repetitivos a la cabeza, los cuales podrían producir alteraciones en el funcionamiento cerebral. Aunque existe evidencia del daño cerebral causado por la práctica del boxeo a nivel profesional, permanece la controversia sobre los posibles riesgos en el boxeo aficionado. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar si existen diferencias en el funcionamiento ejecutivo en boxeadores amateur universitarios en función de su nivel de experiencia en la práctica deportiva y su interacción con la categoría/peso. Método: Participaron mexicanos amateurs agrupados en novatos y experimentados y por su categoría de peso en ligero y medio. Se utilizó la Batería Neuropsicológica de Funciones Ejecutivas y Lóbulos Frontales BANFE-2 (Flores-Lázaro et al., 2014). Resultados: se realizó un MANOVA, los contrastes multivariados indican que hay diferencias en la interacción de las variables dependientes, de acuerdo con el nivel de experiencia F (4,17) = 3.75, p = .023, ηp2 = .469, 1-β=.56. En particular, las tareas en que se observan diferencias significativas son aquellas que evalúan el control inhibitorio (stroop) y la toma de decisiones de riesgo beneficio (juego de cartas), procesos que se encuentran asociados al funcionamiento de la corteza prefrontal orbito medial. Los hallazgos sugieren que la evaluación del funcionamiento ejecutivo puede ser una herramienta útil para evidenciar cambios funcionales en boxeadores amateur. (AU)


Boxing is a popular sport that involves repetitive blows to the head, which may cause disturbances in brain function. Although there is evidence of brain damage caused byprofessional boxing, controversy remains about the possible risks in amateur boxing. The aim of this study was to analyze whether there are differences in executive functioning in amateur college boxers based on their level of experience in sports practice and their interaction with category/ weight. Method: 24 mexican amateur boxers participated, grouped into novice and experienced and by their weight category (light and médium). The neuropsychological battery of executive functions and frontal lobes BANFE-2 (Flores-Lázaro et al., 2014) was used. Results: a MANOVA was performed, the multivariate contrasts indicate that there are differences in the interaction of the dependent variables, according to the level of experience F(4,17)= 3.75, p= .023, ηp2= .469, 1-β= .56. In particular, the tasks in which significative differences are observed are those that assess inhibitory control (stroop) and risk-benefit decision-making (card game), processes that areassociated with the functioning of the orbito-medial prefrontal cortex. The findings suggest that the evaluation of executive functioning can be a useful tool to demonstrate functional changes in amateur boxers. (AU)


O boxe é um esporte comum que envolve golpes repetitivos na cabeça dos atletas, o que pode causar distúrbios nas funções cerebrais. Embora hajam evidências de danos cerebrais causados pelo boxe profissional, a controvérsia permanece sobre os possíveis riscos no boxe amador. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar se existiam diferenças no funcionamento executivo de atletas de boxe amador universitários com base no nível de experiência, na prática esportiva e na interação com a categoria / peso. Método: participaram 24 boxeadores amadores, agrupados em novatos e experientes e por categoria de peso leve e médio. Foi utilizada a Bateria Neuropsicológica de Funções Executivas e Lobos Frontais BANFE-2 (Flores-Lázaro et al., 2014). Resultados: foi feito uma MANOVA, os contrastes multivariados indicaram que existiram diferenças na interação das variáveis dependentes, de acordo com o nível de experiência F(4,17) = 3.75, p= .023, ηp2= .469, 1-β= .56. Em particular, as tarefas em que se observaram diferenças são aquelas que avaliam o controlo inibitório (stroop) e a tomada de decisão risco-benefício (jogo de cartas), processos que estão associados ao funcionamento do córtex pré-frontal órbito-medial. Os resultados sugerem que a avaliação do funcionamento executivo pode ser uma ferramenta útil para demonstrar mudanças funcionais em pessoas que praticam o boxe amador. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Boxing , Brain Concussion , Neuropsychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mexico , Brain Injuries, Traumatic
14.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 38(1): 8-15, enero 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-214934

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El daño cerebral adquirido (DCA) pediátrico provoca dificultades cognitivo/conductuales y altera el curso del desarrollo. La unidad de DCA del Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús es la primera dentro del sistema público de salud en dar cobertura integral a pacientes y familias.ObjetivoSe pretende mostrar la metodología de trabajo con los niños y sus familias, describir las características clínicas de los pacientes atendidos y los resultados en cuanto a los tratamientos aplicados.Sujetos53 niños entre los tres meses y los 16 años y medio recibieron tratamiento. Las patologías atendidas son tumores cerebrales, accidentes cerebrovasculares, traumatismos craneoencefálicos, daño tras cirugía de la epilepsia e hipoxia.MétodoA todos los pacientes se le realizó una evaluación al ingreso y otra al alta. Los tratamientos se modulan en función de las dificultades y su gravedad, así como de la edad del niño. Las familias son atendidas tanto individualmente como en formato grupal.ResultadosUna mayor edad del niño se asocia con mejor recuperación del nivel cognitivo y menor duración del tratamiento. Las patologías tienen un impacto diferencial en el CI/CD evaluado al inicio de tratamiento, la hipoxia y las encefalitis son las que asocian mayor gravedad. Las puntuaciones al alta del CI/CD, así como las de memoria verbal y atención, mejoraron significativamente respecto a las del ingreso tras el tratamiento neuropsicológico multicomponente.ConclusionesLa atención al DCA debe incluir programas de rehabilitación neuropsicológica y proporcionar soporte emocional a la familia para que pueda participar activamente en la recuperación del niño o adolescente. (AU)


Introduction: Paediatric acquired brain injury (ABI) causes cognitive and behavioural difficulties and alters the course of child development. The ABI unit at Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús is the first within the public Spanish health system to provide comprehensive coverage to these patients and their families.ObjectiveThis study aims to show the working methodology followed with patients and their families, and to describe the clinical characteristics of the patients treated and the outcomes of treatment.PatientsFifty-three patients aged between three months and 16 and a half years received treatment. The conditions treated were brain tumours, stroke, traumatic brain injury, damage secondary to epilepsy surgery, and hypoxia.MethodsAll patients were evaluated at admission and at discharge. Treatments were adapted to each patient's difficulties and their severity, as well as to the patient's age. Families received individual and group therapy.ResultsOlder age was associated with better cognitive recovery and shorter duration of treatment. Different conditions show differential impact on intelligence quotient and developmental quotient scores at the beginning of treatment, with hypoxia and encephalitis being associated with greatest severity. Intelligence quotient and developmental quotient scores and visual memory and attention scores at discharge improved significantly after the faceted neuropsychological treatment with respect to scores registered at admission.ConclusionsThe care of patients with ABI should include neuropsychological rehabilitation programmes and provide emotional support to the family so that they may actively participate in the recovery of the child or adolescent. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Damage, Chronic , Pediatrics , Brain Injuries, Traumatic , Stroke
15.
Rehabilitacion (Madr) ; 57(2): 100740, 2023.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35637029

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Acquired brain injury (ABI) is defined as a neurological injury, acutely occurred, at some point in life causing impairment or loss of functional capacity. In 2019, a specific document was created by the Ombudsman pointing out the relevance of attention to this entity in the pediatric age. PATIENTS AND METHOD: The process of creation and the casuistry of care of one of the first comprehensive care units for subacute ACD in pediatric age within the public health system is presented. RESULTS: Different clinical guidelines have been prepared on the admission and care process within the unit, both for patients and their relatives. Twenty-four patients ≤18 years old, admitted to the subacute phase ACD unit from November 2019 to July 2021, 12 coming from the Community of Madrid, were attended. The median age was 6.97 years. Traumatic mechanism was the most frequent, with iatrogenic causes predominating, followed by precipitation and vehicle-related accidents. On admission to the unit, 8 maintained a minimally conscious/vegetative state. The collaboration of up to 14 different specialists was required due to the complexity of the patients. The overall evolution was favorable in 23 cases, with sequelae in all of them. CONCLUSION: The creation of units specialized in pediatric ACD care with specific action protocols and coordinated trans- and multidisciplinary work is of vital importance.


Subject(s)
Brain Injuries , Public Health , Humans , Child , Adolescent , Retrospective Studies , Brain Injuries/epidemiology , Brain Injuries/therapy , Brain Injuries/complications , Hospitalization , Length of Stay , Persistent Vegetative State
16.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 38(1): 8-14, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36162700

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Paediatric acquired brain injury (ABI) causes cognitive and behavioural difficulties and alters the course of child development. The ABI unit at Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús is the first within the public Spanish health system to provide comprehensive coverage to these patients and their families. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to show the working methodology followed with patients and their families, and to describe the clinical characteristics of the patients treated and the outcomes of treatment. PATIENTS: Fifty-three patients aged between 3 months and 16 and a half years received treatment. The conditions treated were brain tumours, stroke, traumatic brain injury, damage secondary to epilepsy surgery, and hypoxia. METHODS: All patients were evaluated at admission and at discharge. Treatments were adapted to each patient's difficulties and their severity, as well as to the patient's age. Families received individual and group therapy. RESULTS: Older age was associated with better cognitive recovery and shorter duration of treatment. Different conditions show differential impact on intelligence quotient and developmental quotient scores at the beginning of treatment, with hypoxia and encephalitis being associated with greatest severity. Intelligence quotient and developmental quotient scores and visual memory and attention scores at discharge improved significantly after the faceted neuropsychological treatment with respect to scores registered at admission. CONCLUSIONS: The care of patients with ABI should include neuropsychological rehabilitation programmes and provide emotional support to the family so that they may actively participate in the recovery of the child or adolescent.


Subject(s)
Brain Injuries , Stroke , Adolescent , Humans , Child , Infant , Public Health , Memory , Stroke/complications , Hospitalization
17.
Humanidad. med ; 22(3)sept.-dic. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405111

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio estuvo dirigido a establecer los indicadores de alteraciones psicosociales y las dimensiones que interfieren en la calidad de vida, según el paciente con daño cerebral adquirido, sus familiares y los especialistas de asistencia, pertenecientes al Consejo Popular San Juan de Dios. Se realizó un estudio mixto cuanticualitativo en el período comprendido entre mayo de 2018 y mayo de 2020, el que se extiende hasta hoy, atendiendo a los resultados que se han incorporado a la práctica médica sobre la base de la implementación de un proyecto de investigación que se ejecutó a partir de la colaboración entre el Centro de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas en Salud y el Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech, de Camagüey. La muestra la constituyeron 30 pacientes y sus familiares, pertenecientes a los consultorios de mayor prevalencia en los casos objeto de estudio. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se emplearon métodos empíricos, teóricos y matemático-estadísticos y se aplicó la escala de la calidad de vida del paciente con daño cerebral (CAVIDACE), dirigida a la familia. Como principales resultados se determinó que las principales funciones psíquicas superiores que mostraron alteraciones fueron los procesos de atención y memoria. Se apreciaron en la mayoría de los pacientes alteraciones emocionales, conductuales, en la autonomía funcional y en la integración social. Las dimensiones de la calidad de vida que evidencian más alteraciones fueron la inserción social, el bienestar emocional y físico, el desarrollo personal y las relaciones interpersonales. De acuerdo con el percentil de la escala se evidenciaron resultados de calidad de vida baja en la mayoría de los pacientes, posterior al daño cerebral adquirido.


ABSTRACT The general objective of the study was aimed at establishing the indicators of psychosocial alterations and the dimensions that interfere with quality of life, according to the patient with acquired brain injury, their relatives and assistance specialists, belonging to the San Juan de Dios Popular Council. A mixed quantitative-qualitative study was carried out in the period between May 2018 and May 2020, which extends until today, based on the results that have been incorporated into medical practice based on the implementation of a research project that It was executed from the collaboration between the Center for the Development of Social and Humanistic Sciences in Health and the Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital, in Camagüey. The sample was made up of 30 patients and their relatives, belonging to the most prevalent clinics in the cases under study. For the development of the research, empirical, theoretical and mathematical-statistical methods were used, and the scale of the quality of life of the patient with brain damage (CAVIDACE), aimed at the family, was applied. As main results, it was determined that the main superior psychic functions that showed alterations were: attention and memory processes. Emotional, behavioral, functional autonomy and social integration alterations were observed in most of the patients. The dimensions of quality of life that showed more alterations were: social insertion, emotional and physical well-being, personal development and interpersonal relationships. According to the percentile of the scale, results of low quality of life were evidenced in most of the patients, after to the acquired cerebral damage.

18.
Tog (A Coruña) ; 19(2): 88-96, nov. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-214536

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: analizar la autopercepción que tienen las personas con enfermedad cerebral vascular de cada una de las dimensiones de la calidad de vida. Métodos: estudio descriptivo observacional transversal, en el que se utilizó la escala CAVIDACE-Autoinforme para evaluar la calidad de vida de 24 personas con diagnóstico de enfermedad cerebral vascular. Resultados: los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre las diferentes dimensiones de la calidad de vida, destacando que la dimensión que los participantes percibieron como más satisfactoria fue las relaciones interpersonales, mientras que la dimensión que han considerado como menos satisfactoria ha sido la inclusión social. Además, no se ha podido determinar relación entre el grado de funcionalidad, el índice de calidad de vida y el tratamiento de terapia ocupacional. Conclusiones: se han obtenido diferencias significativas entre las puntuaciones obtenidas en las diferentes dimensiones de la calidad de vida por lo que sería interesante analizar el motivo de la discrepancia entre la puntuación obtenida en la dimensión de relaciones interpersonales e inclusión social, además de determinar si la relación entre la dimensión de desarrollo personal y el grado de independencia está influida o no por el tratamiento de terapia ocupacional. (AU)


Objective: The aim was to analyze stroke patients' self-perception of each dimension of quality of life. Methods: Cross-sectional observational descriptive study, in which the CAVIDACE-Self-report scale was used to assess the quality of life of 24 subjects with a diagnosis of stroke. Results: The results showed significant differences between the different dimensions of quality of life, highlighting that the dimension that the participants perceived as most satisfactory was interpersonal relationships, while social inclusion was the dimension, they considered least satisfactory. Furthermore, it was not possible to determine a relationship between the degree of functionality, the quality-of-life index and occupational therapy treatment. Conclusions: Significant differences were obtained between the scores obtained in the different dimensions of quality of life, so it would be interesting to analyse the reason for the discrepancy between the score obtained in the dimension of interpersonal relationships and social inclusion, as well as to determine whether the relationship between the dimension of personal development and degree of independence is influenced or not by the occupational therapy treatment. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Occupational Therapy , Stroke , Quality of Life , Self Concept , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Self Report
19.
Inf. psiquiátr ; (248): 17-26, jul.-sept. 2022. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-213418

ABSTRACT

El Daño Cerebral Adquirido (DCA) supone una situación de gran trascendencia personal, familiar y social. Sus secuelas implican dificultades en la integración normalizada del individuo, con respecto a su vida previa al daño y dificulta su participación en la sociedad, donde ha cambiado su rol. Las estrategias de atención al DCA varían atendiendo al momento y ámbito en que se sitúan. Durante la fase aguda, la subaguda y la atención crónica, las estrategias están muy ligadas a su etiología, pero una vez superadas estas fases, otras variables como el contexto psicosocial y laboral del afectado/a y su familia pasan a tomar relevancia. Se deben revisar las situaciones personales y familiares para atender a su grado de dependencia. Este análisis debe incluir instrumentos de evaluación que, desde una perspectiva integral, engloben todas las áreas de la vida que son importantes para las personas, y analice la calidad de vida de éstas. Es fundamental en este momento, construir conjuntamente con las personas con DCA, sus familias y los profesionales sociosanitarios, un nuevo proyecto de vida centrado en el bienestar emocional, físico y social, desde las diversas alternativas de recursos para los estadios crónicos con los que se cuenta actualmente en España (AU)


A stroke is a situation of great personal, family, and social significance. The sequel cause problems to integrate the individual at his life before the stroke, and this is difficult to participate in society, where his role has changed. The strategies, in case of accident, are differents depending on time and ambit. The etiology is very important in the acute phase, post acuse phase and chronic phase, however, after chronic phase the etiology less important and the variables such as the psychosocial and work context of the affected person and his family are more important. Personal and family situations should be reviewed to pay attention to the degree of dependency. The analysis must include evaluation instruments that, from a integrative perspective, includes all areas of life important to people, and analyze their quality of life. At this time, it is essential to build a life proyect for people with stroke and their families, focused on emotional, physical and social aspects, using the resource and alternatives that are in Spain to people with a chronic stroke


Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Comfort/methods , Brain Damage, Chronic/psychology , Quality of Life
20.
Inf. psiquiátr ; (248): 27-35, jul.-sept. 2022. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-213419

ABSTRACT

El presente artículo describe las condiciones que propiciaron el surgimiento de los Servicios de rehabilitación para personas con daño cerebral en España en la década de 1990. Se muestra la evolución epidemiológica de los TCE y de los ictus en los últimos 30 años, con reducción de los primeros e incremento de los segundos. Se repasan las características que definen a los Servicios de rehabilitación hospitalaria: su carácter monográfico o especializado, la composición multidisciplinar de los equipos y la elevada intensidad de los tratamientos. Se reflexiona acerca de los procesos que componen el proceso rehabilitador y de los modos de funcionamiento óptimo de estas Unidades. Por último, se hace un reconocimiento explícito de los espacios asistenciales limítrofes, Unidades de convalecencia y residencias de personas mayores, así como de la conveniencia de estratificar a los pacientes en base a su potencial rehabilitador y a la necesidad de cuidados a largo plazo (AU)


This paper describes the social conditions that allowed the dreation and development of Brain Injury Rehabilitation centers in Spain in the last decade of XXth century. The epidemiological changes of traumatic brain injury and of stroke in the last 30 years has implied a gradual decline of the incidence of the former and an advance of the latter. A review of the defining features of these services is undertaken: specialized or monographic, multidiciplinary teams, high intensity treatment. A reflection on the key processes of the rehabilitation offered and on the optimal functioning of theses Units is tackled. Lastly, boundary services are analysed, that is, alternative services such as Convalecence Units or Psychogeriatric Services that offer some kind of rehabilitation for peaple with stroke. There is a clear need to categorize patients with acquired brain injury according to their potential for rehabilitation and their needs of specialized long term care, in order to allocate them in the adequate treatment programme (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Damage, Chronic/rehabilitation , Aftercare , Patient Care Team , Rehabilitation Centers/organization & administration , Spain
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