Sistema Único de Saúde: acessibilidade das pessoas surdas no interior da Bahia / Unified Health System: accessibility of deaf people in the countryside of Bahia state / Sistema Único de Salud: accesibilidad de las personas sordas en el interior de Bahia

A acessibilidade das pessoas surdasno Sistema Único de Saúde ainda é precária devido às barreiras de comunicação. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o acesso e o atendimento ofertado à comunidade surda nos serviços de saúde públicos, no município de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa. Participaram oito profissionais de saúde e treze usuários surdos, cujos dados foram coletados com aplicação de um questionário e um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados, com base na análise do conteúdo, apontaram que não há capacitação, as Unidades Básicas de Saúde não apresentam estratégias de acessibilidade nos atendimentos, têm rara comunicação em Libras e um número reduzido de intérpretes ­ o que dificulta a comunicação entre o profissional de saúde e o usuário surdo. A formação em Libras e a presença de um intérprete são apontadas como estratégias para um atendimento de qualidade às pessoas surdas

The accessibility of deaf people in the Unified Health System is still precarious due to communication barriers. The objective of the study was to analyze the access and care offered to the deaf community in public health services, in the city of Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, through qualitative research. Eight health professionals and thirteen deaf users took part in the research, whose data were collected using a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview script. Based on the content analysis, the results showed that there is no training, the Basic Health Units do not have accessibility strategies in care, rarely communicate in Libras and a have a small number of interpreters in their ranks ­ hindering the communication between health professional and deaf user. Training in Libras and the presence of an interpreter are identified as strategies for quality care for deaf people

La accesibilidad para los sordos en el Sistema Único de Salud todavía es precaria debido a las barreras de comunicación. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el acceso y la atención ofrecida a este público en los servicios de salud públicos, en el municipio de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, con una investigación cualitativa. Participaron ocho profesionales de la salud y trece usuarios sordos, cuyos datos fueron recolectados a través de cuestionario y guión de entrevista semiestructurada. Los resultados, basados en el análisis de contenido, mostraron que no hay capacitación, las Unidades Básicas de Salud no tienen estrategias de accesibilidad, y tienen poca comunicación en Libras y reducido número de intérpretes ­ lo que dificulta la comunicación entre el profesional de la salud y el usuario sordo. La formación en Libras y la presencia de un intérprete se identifican como estrategias para la atención de calidad a los sordos

Perception of the Impact of COVID-19 on a Sample of Spaniards with Hearing Disabilities.

This paper describes an empirical study carried out with 40 Spanish deaf people, users of sign language, between 19 and 45 years of age, which gathers their perceptions of aspects related to the incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic and its repercussions. During the pandemic, people with hearing disabilities, among other groups, were forgotten. They suffered from accessibility problems to the information issued by the authorities, violating their right to be informed and exposing their health to COVID-19. In this work, we identify the problems they suffered and what effects COVID-19 had on their lives. This will help to take the appropriate measures to restore their rights and design policies and strategies to deal with any new future health emergency. For this, an ad hoc questionnaire was designed, adapted to easy reading and sign language. This was publicized via email and WhatsApp through the Association of Deaf People of Granada and Province (Spain) and was responded to online and by video call with the collaboration of sign language interpreters using the LimeSurvey platform. The results discover (1) the difficulties of communication barriers in the relationship with health professionals and institutions, as well as in the spheres of work and education, (2) similarities with the rest of the population in the negative effects of confinement, and (3) presence of positive effects, such as the development of positive activities and emotions. The study highlights the need to increase economic and institutional support aimed at improving coping resources, access to information, and the reduction of social and institutional barriers that would allow people with hearing disabilities to successfully face future health problems of a global nature such as that experienced with COVID-19.

Current status and influencing factors of chronic disease self-management behavior of middle-aged and elderly deaf people aged 50 years and over in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the current status and influencing factors of chronic disease self-management behavior of middle-aged and elderly deaf people aged 50 years and over in Shanghai， and to provide reference for improving their chronic disease self-management behavior. MethodsDuring September 2021 to February 2022， 271 middle-aged and elderly deaf people aged 50 years and over in Shanghai were investigated face-to-face by general questionnaire， chronic disease self-management study measures， self-efficacy scale， social capital questionnaire， hospital anxiety and depression scale， health disturbance scale. ResultsThe mean score of chronic disease self-management behavior was 32.107±7.527. Gender， frequency of searching health knowledge by mobile phone， whether to eat fruit， self-efficacy and social capital were influencing factors of chronic disease self-management behaviors， which could explain 37.04% of the variance. ConclusionThe chronic disease self-management behavior of the middle-aged and elderly deaf people aged 50 years and over is low and needs to be improved. We can promote the middle-aged and elderly deaf people to form the good self-management behavior by improving their self-efficacy， improving their level of social capital and forming good living habits.

Barriers to utilization of sexual and reproductive health services among young deaf persons in Ghana.

Despite significant progress made to improve access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services to the general populace in Ghana, information on the accessibility of such services to deaf persons is limited. This study investigated access to and utilization of SRH services among young female deaf persons in Ghana. Sixty deaf persons were interviewed from six metropolis/municipalities/districts in three regions of Ghana. The data were collected using focus group discussion and one-on-one interviews. The data were subjected to content analysis, leading to the identification of two broad themes. The study identified barriers at two levels: point of service delivery and barriers at the individual level. For instance, at the point of service delivery, they were claims that deaf women were victims of negative attitudes from health workers. The study concludes on the need for health policymakers to consider collaborating with the Ghana National Association of the Deaf in an effort towards designing inclusive SRH programmes.

Barriers to utilization of sexual and reproductive health services among young deaf persons in Ghana

Despite significant progress made to improve access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services to the general populace in Ghana, information on the accessibility of such services to deaf persons is limited. This study investigated access to and utilization of SRH services among young female deaf persons in Ghana. Sixty deaf persons were interviewed from six metropolis/municipalities/districts in three regions of Ghana. The data were collected using focus group discussion and one-on-one interviews. The data were subjected to content analysis, leading to the identification of two broad themes. The study identified barriers at two levels: point of service delivery and barriers at the individual level. For instance, at the point of service delivery, they were claims that deaf women were victims of negative attitudes from health workers. The study concludes on the need for health policymakers to consider collaborating with the Ghana National Association of the Deaf in an effort towards designing inclusive SRH programmes.

Dataset of Pakistan Sign Language and Automatic Recognition of Hand Configuration of Urdu Alphabet through Machine Learning.

Social correspondence is one of the most significant columns that the public dependent on. Notably, language is the best way to communicate and associate with one another both verbally and nonverbally. There is a persistent communication gap among deaf and non-deaf communities because non-deaf people have less understanding of sign languages. Every region/country has its sign language. In Pakistan, the sign language of Urdu is a visual gesture language that is being used for communication among deaf peoples. However, the dataset of Pakistan Sign Language (PSL) is not available publicly. The dataset of PSL has been generated by acquiring images of different hand configurations through a webcam. In this work, 40 images of each hand configuration with multiple orientations have been captured. In addition, we developed, an interactive android mobile application based on machine learning that minimized the communication barrier between the deaf and non-deaf communities by using the PSL dataset. The android application recognizes the Urdu alphabet from input hand configuration.

Mental health of individuals who are deaf during COVID-19: Depression, anxiety, aggression, and fear.

This study aims to assess depression and anxiety levels among individuals, who are deaf during the lockdown throughout the first wave of the pandemic United Arab Emirates. The sample of the study consisted of 36 (n = 36) individuals aged 20.3 ± 1.2 years, who were deaf from birth. The respondents were divided into two groups; (1) those who were living with their parents (n = 20), (2) those who were independently living on their own (n = 16). Results of the study indicated that from May to October, there was decrease in the number of normal mental health cases among those living with parents (p ≤ 0.05). The results of the study show that in the time of the pandemic, deaf people constitute a vulnerable portion of the population. The correlation between living alone and stress levels was 0.78. The correlation between living with parents and stress levels was -0.85.

Uso del condón en jóvenes sordos de la Ciudad de México: qué saben y cómo lo usan

Introducción: En estudios realizados con jóvenes oyentes se evidencia el problema que implica considerar el reporte del uso del condón como un comportamiento preventivo, ya que éste por sí solo no es un indicador de su uso correcto. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de conocimientos que tienen jóvenes sordos sobre cómo usar un condón, la frecuencia con la cual lo usan y las fallas que cometen al usarlo, así como explorar la relación entre dichas variables y las diferencias en función del sexo de los participantes. Método: Se utilizó el Cuestionario Computarizado sobre Salud Sexual para Jóvenes Mexicanos con Discapacidad Auditiva para evaluar, en una muestra de 57 jóvenes sordos mexicanos (32 hombres y 25 mujeres con una edad promedio de 20.02 años), su comportamiento sexual, el nivel de conocimientos sobre el uso correcto del condón y la frecuencia de fallas que cometen al usarlo durante el acto sexual. Resultados: Los principales hallazgos muestran que los jóvenes inician su vida sexual a edades tempranas (17 años en promedio), tienen relaciones sexuales sin usar el condón, no tienen conocimientos adecuados sobre cómo se usa un condón, y quienes reportaron usarlo cometieron errores que se asociaron con su ruptura y deslizamiento. Sólo en los hombres el nivel de conocimientos se correlacionó negativamente con el uso del condón en toda la vida (r=-.530, p=.002, n=31), y éste, a su vez, se correlacionó positivamente con la frecuencia de fallas (r=.466, p=.008, n=31). Conclusión El estudio muestra que los jóvenes sordos desconocen cómo debe usarse un condón y cometen errores al usarlo durante el acto sexual, lo cual los coloca en una situación de vulnerabilidad ante las ITS y embarazos no deseados. El estudio aporta evidencia que resalta la necesidad de dirigir los esfuerzos hacia el diseño de programas de entrenamiento en el uso correcto del condón para esta población.

Background: In studies carried out with young people without hearing impairment, the problem of considering the report of condom use as a preventive behavior is evidenced, since this by itself is not an indicator of its correct use. Objective: To evaluate the level of knowledge that deaf young people have about how to use a condom, the frequency with which they use it and the mistakes they make when using it, as well as exploring the relationship between these variables and the differences depending on the sex of the participants. Method: The Computerized Questionnaire on Sexual Health for Young Mexicans with Hearing Disabilities was used to evaluate, in a sample of 57 young Mexican deaf people (32 men and 25 women with an average age of 20.02 years), their sexual behavior, the level of knowledge on the correct use of condoms and the frequency of mistakes they make when using it during sex. Results The main findings show that young people start their sexual life at an early age (17 years on average), have sex without using a condom, do not have adequate knowledge about how to use a condom, and those who reported using it made mistakes that were associated with breakage and slippage. Only in men was the level of knowledge negatively correlated with lifetime condom use (r=-.530, p=.002), and this, in turn, was positively correlated with frequency of failures (r=.466, p=.008). Conclusion: The study shows that young deaf people are unaware of how to use a condom and make mistakes when using it during sex, which places them in a vulnerable situation to STIs and unwanted pregnancies. The study provides evidence that highlights the need to direct efforts towards the design of training programs in the correct use of condoms for this population.

Self-determination, emotions and exclusion in a blog of deaf people: a qualitative perspective / Autodeterminação, emoções e exclusão num blog de pessoas surdas: um olhar qualitativo / Autodeterminación, emociones y exclusión en un blog de personas sordas: mirada cualitativa

ABSTRACT Objective: to explore the deaf people's perceptions about their well-being, published on a weblog. Method: A free access spanish blog that's been created and used by deaf people is selected. Under qualitative methodology with a phenomenological approach, through the non-participating and asynchronous observation, sign language speeches are analyzed in 44 video messages uploaded by deaf bloggers. Results: in the speeches analyzed, inclusion's areas cited the most are self-determination, social inclusion and emotional well-being, these latter two in a negative way: social exclusion and emotional distress. Final considerations: The study participants state that the arrangements adopted for their inclusion are not enough, with feelings of discomfort prevailing in all areas and life stages. Solidarity initiatives, elimination of communication barriers and true transforming agents of our society are needed.

RESUMO Objetivo: explorar as percepções dos surdos sobre seu bem-estar, publicados num blog. Método: foi selecionado um blog em espanhol de acesso gratuito criado e utilizado por pessoas surdas. Abordagem qualitativa assente na fenomenologia, através da observação assíncrona e não participante, os discursos realizados através de língua gestual são analisados em 44 vídeos que foram enviados por bloggers surdos. Resultados: nos discursos analisados, as áreas de inclusão mais citadas são autodeterminação, inclusão social e bem-estar emocional, sendo estas duas últimas de forma negativa: exclusão social e sofrimento emocional. Considerações finais: Os participantes do estudo afirmam que as alterações adotadas para a sua inclusão não são suficientes, com sentimentos de desconforto permanentes em todas as áreas e fases da vida. Iniciativas de solidariedade, eliminação de barreiras de comunicação e agentes transformadores reais da sociedade são necessários.

RESUMEN Objetivo: explorar las percepciones de bienestar que las personas sordas vierten en un blog de Internet. Método: Se selecciona un blog español de acceso libre creado y utilizado por personas sordas. Bajo una metodología cualitativa con diseño fenomenológico, y a través de la observación no participante y asincrónica, se analizan los discursos en lengua de signos de 44 videomensajes publicados por blogueros sordos. Resultados: las áreas más mencionadas sobre su inclusión en los discursos analizados son la autodeterminación, el bienestar emocional y la inclusión social, estas dos últimas en sentido negativo: malestar emocional y exclusión social. Consideraciones finales: Los participantes del estudio manifiestan que los planes adoptados para su inclusión no son suficientes, y tienen sentimientos de malestar en todas las áreas y etapas vitales. Se hace necesario eliminar las barreras de comunicación y crear iniciativas solidarias con verdaderos agentes transformadores de la sociedad en la que vivimos.

A Facebook Page Created Soon After the Amatrice Earthquake for Deaf Adults and Children, Families, and Caregivers Provides an Easy Communication Tool and Social Satisfaction in Maxi-Emergencies.

Although international and Italian conventions have issued numerous communication protocols to assist people with disabilities during earthquakes or other maxi-emergencies, no tailored strategies exist to create and disseminate information online to deaf people. On August 24, 2016, a devastating earthquake destroyed Amatrice in Central Italy. This natural disaster underlined the lack of information on disabled people possibly involved and the lack of tailored, online communication tools. Having various registries listing disabled residents in the earthquake area might have benefitted emergency procedures. To access information easily and expedite risk management, the authors developed an online information tool for deaf persons, their families, and caregivers. Within hours after the earthquake, they published a Facebook page (Facebook, Inc.; Menlo Park, California USA) including a video provided with subtitles, Italian sign language, and service numbers. Those who accessed the Facebook page spread the information to other social media. Although no registry yet specifies figures, the annual incidence of approximately three to five/1,000 new deaf persons diagnosed in Italy implies that around 5.4% of the total 43,507 Italian deaf people live in the earthquake territory, and presumably 1.3% are younger than 18 years of age. The Facebook page obtained unexpectedly numerous accesses and satisfaction from deaf adults and families with deaf children, as well as hearing family relatives and caregivers. A total of 60% deaf and 10% hearing people asked for more information. Despite limitations, the effort to develop a page for deaf people and their families, via a world-wide social media, permits fast access, outlines safety precautions during maxi-emergencies, and disseminates essential information designed for deaf people on civil protection services. The Facebook page provides a replicable example for developing similar, user-friendly, online tools for disabled groups to disseminate important safety information after earthquakes or other maxi-emergencies.Rotondi L, Zuddas M, Marsella P, Rosati P. A Facebook page created soon after the Amatrice Earthquake for deaf adults and children, families, and caregivers provides an easy communication tool and social satisfaction in maxi-emergencies. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(2):137-141.

A possible key role of vision in the development of schizophrenia.

Based on a brief overview of the various aspects of schizophrenia reported by numerous studies, here we hypothesize that schizophrenia may originate (and in part be performed) from visual areas. In other words, it seems that a normal visual system or at least an evanescent visual perception may be an essential prerequisite for the development of schizophrenia as well as of various types of hallucinations. Our study focuses on auditory and visual hallucinations, as they are the most prominent features of schizophrenic hallucinations (and also the most studied types of hallucinations). Here, we evaluate the possible key role of the visual system in the development of schizophrenia.

The problem of orthodontic treatment of patients with hearing difficulty (literature review).

Results of review of native and foreign publications based on the problem of dental and orthodontic aid to patients with hearing difficulty are presented in this article. Hearing loss affects the ability of a person to communicate with other people. Depriving of opportunities for communication can have a significant impact on everyday life, causing feelings of loneliness, isolation and despair. Spread of dentofacial abnormalities in people with hearing difficulties is very high. Problem of dental aid to patients with hearing difficulties especially with orthodontic one is very topical.

A (in)visibilidade do surdo na atenção primária: relato de experiência / The (in)visibility of deaf people in primary healthcare: experience report / La (in)visibilidad de los sordos en la atención primaria: informe de experiencia

O Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho-Saúde/Redes de Atenção à Saúde do Surdo (PET-Saúde/Redes) visa colaborar na implantação da rede de atenção à saúde das pessoas com deficiência, tomando como ponto de partida a Unidade de Saúde da Família (USF). Este artigo relata a experiência dos participantes do PET na busca ativa dos surdos em uma USF de Salvador, Bahia. Este relato de experiência foi desenvolvido por integrantes do PET-Saúde/Redes ­ uma graduanda de enfermagem e uma de fonoaudiologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia ­, sob preceptoria de fisioterapeuta, integrante do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família, no período de setembro de 2014 a junho de 2015. A partir da experiência no PET, constatou-se que a inexistência de notificações sobre os surdos na USF se devia à falta de informação dos profissionais de saúde sobre a presença destes na região, e mesmo ao se depararem com as pessoas localizadas pelo projeto, foi externado despreparo para lidar com esses usuários. Essa constatação implica a necessidade de ações mais específicas de sensibilização para ampliar o olhar da equipe sobre essa população já historicamente estigmatizada, ações que envolvem desde a gestão da unidade até o esclarecimento por meio de atividades de educação em saúde com toda a comunidade, sobre como a atenção primária pode contribuir na melhor qualidade de vida das pessoas sob seu cuidado.

The Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho-Saúde/Redes de Atenção à Saúde do Surdo (PET-Saúde/Redes) implements a healthcare network for people with disabilities, having as a starting point a Family Health Unit (USF) in Salvador, Bahia. This paper reports the experience of PET participants in the active search of deaf people in a USF. This experience report was developed by PET-Saúde/Redes members, with one being an undergraduate student in nursing and another a speech therapist student from the Federal University of Bahia, under the guidance of a physical therapist member of the Family Health Support Center, between September 2014 and June 2015. Based on the PET experience, we verified that the lack of notifications about deaf people in the USF was due to the lack of information from health professionals about their presence in the region. Even in cases where such demographic was found, a lack of preparation on the part of professionals was observed. This finding implies the need for more specific actions to raise awareness and broaden the team's perspective to this population that has historically been stigmatized, actions that involve everything from management to clarification through health education activities with the whole community on how primary care can contribute to the quality of life of this population are strongly recommended.

El Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho-Saúde/Redes de Atenção à Saúde do Surdo (PET-Saúde/Redes) tiene como objetivo colaborar en la implementación de la red de atención sanitaria para las personas con discapacidad, tomando como punto de partida la Unidad de Salud de la Familia (USF). Este articulo da a conocer la experiencia de los participantes del PET en la búsqueda activa de las personas sordas en una USF de Salvador, Bahia. La experiencia narrada en el informe fue desarrollada por miembros del PET-Saúde/Redes ­ una estudiante de enfermería y una de fonoaudiología de la Universidad Federal de Bahia ­ bajo la orientación de una fisioterapeuta integrante del Núcleo de Apoyo a la Salud de la Familia, en el periodo de septiembre de 2014 a junio de 2015. A partir de la experiencia en el PET, se encontró que la ausencia de notificación sobre las personas sordas en la USF se debe a la falta de información de los profesionales de la salud acerca de su presencia en la región, e incluso en los encuentros con las personas del proyecto, se constató una falta de preparación para atender al usuario en esta situación. Este hallazgo implica la necesidad de acciones más específicas para concienciar sobre estas personas históricamente estigmatizadas. Las acciones, que implican la gestión de la unidad para esclarecer por medio de actividades de educación sanitaria con toda la comunidad sobre la forma de atención primaria, pueden contribuir a la calidad de vida de las personas bajo su cuidado.

Universidade Acessível: com a Voz os Estudantes Surdos do Ensino Médio / Accessible University: the Deaf Students of Secondary Education Have the Floor

RESUMO o sistema educacional tem dificultado o acesso à escola e/ou à classe bilíngue para os surdos, ofertando essencialmente o atendimento especializado no contraturno para alunos da Educação Infantil e dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Esse modo de organização do ensino, aliado à falta de reconhecimento dos estudantes surdos, enquanto grupo linguístico minoritário, colaboram para mantê-los afastados da universidade. O texto em questão retrata as expectativas de acesso ao Ensino Superior por estudantes surdos. Sete estudantes surdos, que utilizavam a Libras (Língua Brasileira de Sinais), participaram do estudo. Eles estavam matriculados no Ensino Médio em uma escola da rede pública estadual de ensino de um município do Oeste Paulista. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas individuais realizadas em Libras e filmadas para posterior transcrição para a Língua Portuguesa. A análise recaiu sobre o tema Expectativa de Acesso ao Ensino Superior. Os facilitadores e as barreiras reconhecidas por esses alunos para acessar o Ensino Superior foram identificadas. Grande parte dos alunos manifestou o desejo de ingressar na universidade e de continuar seus estudos. A falta de preparo e orientação da escola básica para garantir os conhecimentos científicos necessários a essa finalidade aliada à ausência do profissional tradutor/intérprete de Libras/Português no contexto universitário foram consideradas como os maiores obstáculos para o ingresso na universidade.

ABSTRACT Education system has hindered the access to the school and/or bilingual class by deaf people, offering mainly specialized attendance for students of the Child Education and the earlier years of the Elementary School in the second shift. This way of organizing the education, added to the lack of recognizing of deaf students as a minority group collaborates to maintaining them away from the university. This text depicts the access expectations of deaf students to the Higher Education. Participants of this study are seven deaf students enrolled in the High School, at a state public school located on a town of the west of São Paulo State, who use the Brazilian Signal Language (Libras). Data were collected through individual interviews made in Libras, which were filmed for a further transcription into Portuguese language. Gathered material allowed to identify facilitators and obstacles recognized by those students to accessing the higher education. Most part of these students expressed their dream of entering in a university and continuing their studies. Lack of preparation and guidance of the basic school to ensure the need scientific knowledge to this finality, added to the absence of a Libras-Portuguese translator/interpreter in a university context, were considered by the interviewed deaf people as the main obstacles to admission to the university.

Exploring misinformation of family planning practices and methods among deaf people in Ghana.

Having a good knowledge of family planning methods is vital for reducing maternal morbidity and mortality resulting from unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions. In this paper, we highlight deaf people's ability to discern various misconceptions about pregnancy, with the aim of assessing their level of knowledge on pregnancy prevention methods. The article is derived from a sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs assessment involving participants residing in two cities and a senior high school in Ghana. The needs assessment involved three focus groups with 26 participants, a survey with 152 respondents, and an interview with one health professional. Apart from the health professional, all the remaining participants were deaf people. Findings from the study indicated that more than half the participants lacked familiarity with pregnancy prevention methods. The findings of this study confirm other studies that there is a general lack of knowledge on SRH issues among deaf people in Ghana. Thus, although this study focused on prevention of unwanted pregnancy, which is just one component of SRH issues, the study provides insights into the broader SRH needs of the deaf community and calls for making these issues visible for policy-making.

O corpo como fonte de autoridade na representação política não eleitoral: Um estudo sobre a presença de surdos sinalizantes em discussões relacionadas à educação / The body as a source of authority in non electoral political representation: A study on the presence of signaling deaf people in discussions related to education / El cuerpo como autoridad en la representación política no electoral: Un estudio sobre la presencia de sordos sinalizantes en las discusiones relacionadas con la educación

Resumo O trabalho objetiva analisar os processos de representação política não eleitoral que emergem do debate sobre o melhor modelo de escola para pessoas surdas. Investigamos como fontes de autoridade são acionadas por surdos ou pessoas com deficiência, especialmente aquelas relacionadas à presença física (identidades adscritivas) e à autoafirmação das identidades (autoadscrição). As unidades de análise (claims) foram extraídas de três arenas: de um grupo de lideranças surdas do Facebook, de uma audiência pública do Judiciário e da Conferência Nacional dos Direitos da Pessoa com Deficiência. Conclui-se que o corpo é uma fonte de autoridade tão importante quanto o discurso, que a língua de sinais revela uma dimensão de intraduzibilidade exposta pela presença e que os aspectos culturais das línguas de sinais promovem rupturas nas dinâmicas convencionais de representação.

Abstract This paper analyzes processes of non-electoral political representation emerging from the debate about the best school model for deaf people. We investigate how sources of authority are triggered by the deaf or disabled, especially those related to physical presence (ascriptive identities) and self-ascription of identities. The units of analysis (claims) were extracted from three sources: a Facebook group of deaf leaders, a public hearing of the Judiciary, and a National Conference on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. It concludes that the body is a source of authority as important as speech, sign language reveals an untranslatable dimension exposed by presence, and cultural aspects of sign languages promote ruptures in the conventional dynamics of representation.

Resumen El trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los procesos de representación política no electoral que se desprenden del debate sobre el mejor modelo de escuela para personas sordas. Ha sido investigado como fuentes de autoridad son impulsados por las personas sordas o con discapacidad, especialmente los relacionados con la presencia física (adscritivas identidades) y la autoafirmación de las identidades (autoadscrição). Las unidades de análisis (claims) se extrajeron tres escenarios: un grupo de líderes sordos de Facebook, una audiencia pública del poder judicial y en la Conferencia Nacional de los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad. Llegamos a la conclusión de que el cuerpo es una fuente tan importante de la autoridad que el discurso, que el lenguaje de signos revela una dimensión de intraductibilidad expuesta por la presencia y los aspectos culturales de las lenguas de signos promueven roturas en representación dinámica convencional.

PERVALE-S: a new cognitive task to assess deaf people's ability to perceive basic and social emotions.

UNLABELLED: A poorly understood aspect of deaf people (DP) is how their emotional information is processed. Verbal ability is key to improve emotional knowledge in people. Nevertheless, DP are unable to distinguish intonation, intensity, and the rhythm of language due to lack of hearing. Some DP have acquired both lip-reading abilities and sign language, but others have developed only sign language. PERVALE-S was developed to assess the ability of DP to perceive both social and basic emotions. PERVALE-S presents different sets of visual images of a real deaf person expressing both basic and social emotions, according to the normative standard of emotional expressions in Spanish Sign Language. Emotional expression stimuli were presented at two different levels of intensity (1: low; and 2: high) because DP do not distinguish an object in the same way as hearing people (HP) do. Then, participants had to click on the more suitable emotional expression. PERVALE-S contains video instructions (given by a sign language interpreter) to improve DP's understanding about how to use the software. DP had to watch the videos before answering the items. To test PERVALE-S, a sample of 56 individuals was recruited (18 signers, 8 lip-readers, and 30 HP). Participants also performed a personality test (High School Personality Questionnaire adapted) and a fluid intelligence (Gf) measure (RAPM). Moreover, all deaf participants were rated by four teachers for the deaf. RESULTS: there were no significant differences between deaf and HP in performance in PERVALE-S. Confusion matrices revealed that embarrassment, envy, and jealousy were worse perceived. Age was just related to social-emotional tasks (but not in basic emotional tasks). Emotional perception ability was related mainly to warmth and consciousness, but negatively related to tension. Meanwhile, Gf was related to only social-emotional tasks. There were no gender differences.

The reliability of British Sign Language and English versions of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation--Outcome Measure with d/Deaf populations in the UK: an initial study.

Previous research has argued that the mental well-being of d/Deaf people is poorer than that of hearing populations. However, there is a paucity of valid and reliable mental health instruments in sign language that have been normalised with d/Deaf populations. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation - Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) with d/Deaf populations. A British Sign Language (BSL) version was produced using a team approach to forward translation, and a back-translation check. The CORE-OM was incorporated into an online survey, to be completed in either BSL or English, as preferred by the participant. From December 2010 to March 2011, data were collected from 136 d/Deaf people. Cronbach's α was used to measure the internal consistency of items in the CORE-OM. Comparisons were made between versions, including comparisons with the non-clinical hearing population (not in receipt of mental health services) in a previous study. The reliability of the overall score, as well as the non-risk items in both the BSL and English versions, was satisfactory. The internal reliability of each domain in the BSL version was good (Cronbach's α > 0.70) and comparable to the English version in the hearing population. This was true for most domains of the CORE-OM in the English version completed by d/Deaf people, although the Functioning domain had a relatively low α of 0.79 and the Risk domain had an α of only 0.66 This raised the question whether it is advisable to use a mental health assessment with d/Deaf populations that has been standardised with hearing populations. Nevertheless, this study has shown that it is possible to collect data from d/Deaf populations in the UK via the web (both in BSL and English), and an online BSL version of the CORE-OM is recommended for use with Deaf populations in the community.

O ponto de vista de pais e professores a respeito das interações linguísticas de crianças surdas / Parents' and teachers' points of view about deaf children's linguistic interactions

Diversos estudos atuais têm revelado que a surdez deve ser reconhecida como diferença, especialmente no que diz respeito aos aspectos linguístico-discursivos. Contudo, crianças surdas vêm enfrentando, na família e na escola, barreiras linguísticas com implicações nas suas possibilidades de inclusão social. Nessa direção, o presente trabalho objetiva analisar o ponto de vista de pais e professores a respeito das interações linguísticas de crianças surdas no âmbito familiar e escolar, considerando o contexto da inclusão. Foram entrevistados doze familiares (quatro pais e oito mães) de crianças surdas que frequentam o ensino regular e foi aplicado um questionário junto a doze professores dessas mesmas crianças. Os resultados apontam que nem os familiares nem os professores usam a língua de sinais para interagir com os surdos, gerando interações linguísticas restritas e pouco efetivas. Além disso, percebeu-se que familiares e professores apresentam um desconhecimento acerca da surdez, da língua de sinais e das consequências da surdez para o surdo.

Several studies argue that deafness should be currently considered as a difference, specifically regarding linguistic discursive aspects. Nevertheless, at home and at school deaf children have to face linguistic barriers that affect their social inclusion. This study aims to analyze points of view of parents and teachers related to the deaf child's linguistic interactions at home and at school, considering the context of inclusion. Twelve parents (four fathers and eight mothers) of deaf children enrolled in regular schools were interviewed and a questionnaire was applied to these children's twelve teachers. The results show that neither parents nor teachers use sign language to interact with these children and that there linguistic interactions were restricted and not very effective. Furthermore, the answers by parents and teachers demonstrate a lack of understanding about deafness, sign language and its consequences upon the deaf individual.