Medical school dean's scientific production of the main universities by continent / Produção científica dos reitores de medicina das principais universidades por continente

Introduction: promoting scientifi c research is one of the main functions of universities. Medical schools should not be an exception; deans should also have appropriate research experience that allows them to have a different perspective on the importance of research in undergraduate medicine. Aim: to determine the medical school dean's scientific production of the main universities by continent. Methods: an observational, analytical, and transversal study. We identify the medical school dean's scientific production of the 20 universities with the best position from South America, Central America, North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania, according to the Ranking Webometrics 2022, in the Scopus database. Results: 140 directors or deans of medicine were evaluated, of which 136 (97.1%) had published an article at least once in their life, 128 (91.4%) in the last fi ve years, 103 (73.6%) in the previous year, and 93 (66.4%) in the current year. The total number of published articles was 24.5 (Me=98), receiving a total of 1,251,766 citations (range 0 to 101,868), an Hindex 24 (range 0 to 140), and in collaboration with 154,711 coauthors. Conclusions: the medical school dean's scientific production from the main universities by continent was high, with notable differences between those who came from universities in Asia, North America, and Europe compared to Oceania, Africa, South America, and Central America

Introdução: promover a pesquisa científica é uma das principais funções das universidades. As escolas médicas não devem ser uma exceção. Os reitores também devem ter uma experiência de pesquisa adequada que lhes permita ter uma perspectiva diferente sobre a importância da pesquisa na graduação em medicina. Objetivo: determinar a produção científica dos reitores de medicina das principais universidades por continente. Métodos: estudo observacional, analítico e transversal. Identificamos a produção científica dos pró-reitores de medicina das 20 universidades com melhor posição da América do Sul, América Central, América do Norte, Europa, Ásia, África e Oceania, segundo o Ranking Webometrics 2022, na base Scopus. Resultados: foram avaliados 140 diretores ou reitores de medicina, dos quais 136 (97.1%) publicaram artigo pelo menos uma vez na vida, 128 (91.4%) nos últimos cinco anos, 103 (73.5%) no ano anterior, e 93 (66.4%) no ano corrente. O número total de artigos publicados foi de 24.5 (Me=98), recebendo um total de 1,251,766 citações (intervalo de 0 a 101.868), índice H = 24 (intervalo de 0 a 140) e em colaboração com 154,711 coautores. Conclusões: a produção científica dos reitores de medicina das principais universidades por continente foi alta, com diferenças notáveis entre aqueles que vieram de universidades da Ásia, América do Norte e Europa em comparação com Oceania, África, América do Sul e América Central

Factores demográficos asociados a fluorósis dental en niños y adolescentes en el departamento de La Paz / Demographic factors associated with dental fluorosis in children and adolescents in the department of La Paz

La ingesta de flúor por períodos prolongados durante la formación del esmalte produce fluorósis dental. OBJETIVO: el objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar factores demográficos asociados a fluorósis dental en niños y adolescentes en el departamento de La Paz. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: el estudio es transversal analítico, los participantes fueron 1393 estudiantes que fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente para ello se tomaron en cuenta 36 unidades educativas de 7 regiones del departamento de La Paz. Se realizó un levantamiento epidemiológico aplicando el índice de Dean. RESULTADOS: la prevalencia de fluorósis dental fue del 13,6% (188), los más afectados fueron los adolescentes con un 10,7% (149), el sexo femenino tenía una prevalencia de 7,4% (103). Un 8% (112) de fluorósis dental se observó en el área rural. Según severidad, con 8 % (113) fue fluorósis discutible, muy leve 4% (51), leve 1,3% (18), moderada 0,4% (5) y severa se observó en un estudiante. Se observa una asociación estadísticamente significativa (p=0,000) entre edad y fluorósis dental. CONCLUSION: la fluorósis dental se considera como un problema estético y el controlarlo es una medida preventiva muy buena.

The ingestion of fluoride for prolonged periods during enamel formation produces dental fluorosis OBJETIVE: the objective of this study was to determine demographic factors associated with dental fluorosis in children and adolescents in the La Paz department. MATERIAL AND METHODS: the study is an analytical crosssectional study, the participants were 1393 students who were randomly selected from 36 educational units of 7 regions of the La Paz department. An epidemiological survey was carried out by applying the Dean index. RESULTS: the prevalence of dental fluorosis was 13.6% (188), the most affected were adolescents with 10.7% (149), and the female sex had a prevalence of 7.4% (103). Eight percent (112) of dental fluorosis was observed in rural areas. According to severity, with 8 % (113) was debatable fluorosis, very mild 4% (51), mild 1.3% (18), moderate 0.4% (5) and severe was observed in one student. A statistically significant association (p=0.000) was observed between age and dental fluorosis. CONCLUSION: dental fluorosis is considered an esthetic problem and controlling it is a very good preventive measure.

Effect of pilot-scale UV-C light treatment assisted by mild heat on E. coli, L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae inactivation in clear and turbid fruit juices. Storage study of surviving populations.

Consumer growing demands for high-quality and safe food and beverages have stimulated the interest in alternative preservation technologies. Short-wavelength ultraviolet light (UV-C, 254 nm) has proven to be useful for the decontamination of a great variety of clear juices while improving their quality compared to traditional thermal treatments. Suspended solids and coloured compounds in turbid juices, diminish light transmission. The use of UV-C under a hurdle approach, may be a promising strategy for their treatment. The purpose of this study was to analyse Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Saccharomyces cerevisiae KE 162 and Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 inactivation in clear pear juice (PJ), turbid orange-tangerine (OT) and orange-banana-mango-kiwi-strawberry (OBMKS) juices processed by single UV-C (390 mJ/cm2, 20 °C) and UV-C assisted by mild heat (UV-C/H, 50 °C) at pilot-scale in a coiled tubing unit and stored under refrigeration (5 °C). Inactivation studies were also conducted in peptone water (PW) and model solution (MS). The adequacy of the Coroller, Weibull and Biphasic Plus Shoulder models was studied. UV-C was highly effective in PW, MS and PJ, achieving up to 5.5-6.3-4.7, 4.8-5.1-4.6 and 4.4-5.5 log reductions for L. plantarum, E. coli,and S. cerevisiae, respectively. Whereas, a moderate inactivation by single UV-C was recorded in the turbid blends, reducing up to 2.4-3.8-1.6 and 3.6-3.7-1.3 log-cycles in OT and OBMKS, respectively. When the UV-C/H treatment was applied, high bacterial inactivation was observed achieving 5.2-5.6, 6.3-6.6 and 5.5-6.7 log reductions in OT, OBMKS and PJ, respectively, while 4.6-4.9 log reductions were determined for the yeast in OBMKS and OT, respectively. Thus, additive inactivation effects between UV-C and H were observed. All the models tested gave useful information regarding the existence of microbial subpopulations with varying resistances. However, the cumulative Weibull distribution function was the most versatile one, fitting inactivation curves with different shapes. Additionally, the frequency distributions of resistances showed that UV-C/H not only increased the UV-C microbicidal effect but changed the distribution of inactivation times. Principal component analysis revealed that UV-C effectiveness was associated to low particle size, a⃰, turbidity and high UV-C transmittance. An increase on the inactivation of treated bacterial populations was recorded along storage, while no yeast recovery was observed, thus emphasizing the contribution of refrigerated storage to microbial inactivation. Microbial inactivation in clear and turbid juices achieved by UV-C (390 mJ/cm2) assisted by mild heat (50 °C) and subsequent refrigerated storage may represent an useful alternative for multiple applications in the juice industry.

Utilização de alveoloplastia intrasseptal para correção de acentuada projeção maxilar: relato de caso / Use of intraseptal alveoloplaty for the correction of severe maxillary protrusion: case report

A alveoloplastia intrasseptal, também chamada de Técnica de Dean, é uma técnica cirúrgica utilizada na correção dos rebordos alveolares na qual envolve a remoção do osso intrasseptal e o reposicionamento do osso cortical vestibular. Esta técnica é utilizada em áreas nas quais o rebordo é de contorno relativamente regular e altura adequada, porém apresenta uma depressão no fundo de vestíbulo, devido à configuração do rebordo ósseo. Este trabalho consiste no relato de caso clínico no qual a alveoloplastia pela técnica de Dean foi utilizada na resolução da condição clínica de uma paciente do sexo feminino, que ao exame clínico observou-se a presença de incisivos superiores vestibularizados, grande trespasse horizontal, falta de selamento labial, perfil facial convexo e uma perda óssea visível. O plano de tratamento estabelecido foi a confecção de prótese parcial removível provisória instalada imediatamente após a realização da Alveoloplastia intrasseptal. O resultado obtido foi satisfatório, permitindo uma harmonia estética facial e o selamento labial antes inexistente, o que aumentou a autoestima da paciente, permitindo que o tratamento reabilitador definitivo possa ser realizado com mais tranquilidade.

The intraseptal alveoloplasty, also called Dean Technique, is a surgical technique utilized for the correction of the alveolar ridges, which involves removing the intraseptal bone and repositioning the vestibular cortical bone. This technique is used in areas where the rim is relatively regular and adequate height, but has a depression in the bottom of the vestibule, due to the bone ridge configuration. This paper is a report of clinical case of a alveoloplasty using the Dean technique, witch the purpose was to solve the clinical condition of a female patient, that the clinical examination the presence of maxillary incisors proclined, large overjet, deficiency lip closure, convex facial profile and a visible bone loss was observed. The treatment plan was established fabrication of temporary removable partial denture installed immediately after completion of intraseptal Alveoloplasty. The result was satisfactory, allowing a facial aesthetic harmony and lip seal before nonexistent, which increased the self-esteem of the patient, allowing the definitive rehabilitative treatment can be carried out more smoothly.

Prevalencia y severidad de fluorosis dental y su asociación con historia de caries en escolares que consumen agua potable fluorurada en temuco, Chile / Prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis and its association with history of dental caries in schoolchildren consuming fluoridated drinking water in temuco, Chile

La fluoruración del agua potable comenzó a implementarse en Chile en la década de 1950 para prevenir el principal problema de salud oral en la población, la caries dental. Se ha aplicado sistemáticamente en el país, y en Temuco desde el año 2004. Sin embargo, la ingesta de fluoruros en periodos críticos del desarrollo dentario de manera excesiva produce fluorosis dental. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia y severidad de la fluorosis dental en escolares de segundo básico que consumen agua potable fluorurada en la ciudad de Temuco, Chile y asociarla con la historia de caries. Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo y explicativo con un muestreo aleatorio estratificado de la población escolar de 7 años que cursaba segundo básico durante el año 2012 en colegios particulares, subvencionados y municipales de Temuco. Sobre una muestra de 317 niños, se determinó el índice Dean y la historia de caries. La prevalencia de fluorosis dental fue 53,31 por ciento (169 niños), y la severidad fue de tipo cuestionable, muy leve y leve en el 31,36 por ciento, 42,6 por ciento y 22,4 por ciento de los casos, respectivamente. El 3,5 por ciento fue moderado. No se observó asociación significativa entre fluorosis e historia de caries. En Temuco, la prevalencia de fluorosis dental en niños de 7 años es alta, con una severidad de tipo cuestionable, muy leve y leve en más del 50 por ciento de los casos. Luego de 8 años de implementar la fluoruración del agua potable, hubo una disminución del daño acumulado por caries, pero la fluorosis dental aumentó en la población.

Fluoridation of drinking water, began to be implemented in 1950's in Chile to prevent the main problem of oral health in the population, dental caries. It has been consistently applied in the country and Temuco city since 2004. However, intake of fluorides in critical periods of tooth development excessively produces dental fluorosis. The aim was to determine the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in elementary schoolchildren consuming fluoridated drinking water in the city of Temuco, Chile and its association with the history of dental caries. A descriptive and explanatory epidemiological study with a stratified random sample of 7-years schoolchildren of private, subsidized and municipal elementary schools in Temuco city was performed. On a sample of 317 children, Dean's index and history of caries was determined. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 53.31 percent (169 children), and severity rate was questionable, very mild and mild in 31.36 percent, 42.6 percent and 22.4 percent of cases, respectively. In 3.5 percent was moderate. No significant association between fluorosis and history of dental caries was observed. In Temuco, the prevalence of dental fluorosis in 7-years children is high, with severity of questionable, very mild and mild type in 50 percent of cases. After 8 years of implementing the fluoridation of drinking water, there was a decrease of dental caries damage but increased dental fluorosis in the population.

Prevalencia de fluorosis y experiencia de caries dental en un grupo de escolares en el área urbana del Municipio de Yondó (Antioquia, Colombia), 2010 / Prevalence of fluorosis and dental caries experience in a school age group in the urban area of the Municipality of Yondó (Antioquia, Colombia), 2010

Introducción y Objetivo: La caries dental y la fluorosis dental son problemas de Salud Pública que requieren sistemas de vigilancia y control en edades tempranas. El objetivo fue determinar la prevalencia de fluorosis dental en escolares de 12 años, y la historia de caries en escolares de 5 y 12 años en la Institución Educativa Luis Eduardo Díaz del área urbana del Municipio de Yondó (Antioquia) durante el año 2010. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transversal en una población de 62 escolares de 5 años y 145 de 12 años. Se realizó examen clínico y se estableció la experiencia de caries dental (índices ceo-d; 5 años, COP-D; 12 años) y la prevalencia de fluorosis dental (Índice de Dean). Se calcularon frecuencias, medianas y promedios por sexo en el caso de caries dental y prevalencia de fluorosis global y por grados de severidad. Cálculo de razones de prevalencia de fluorosis por sexo con sus intervalos de confianza al 95% (RP, IC95%). Se analizaron las principales fuentes de agua del área de estudio. Resultados: El promedio ceo-d a los 5 años fue de 2,37 ±3,39, con experiencia de caries del 61%. A los 12 años se encontró un promedio COP-D de 0,73 ±1,28, y una experiencia de caries del 33,1%. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas por sexo. La prevalencia global de fluorosis fue de 97,9%, con mayor prevalencia en hombres, aunque sin diferencias significativas (RP 1,05, IC95% 0,98- 1,12). El análisis fisicoquímico no mostró niveles altos de concentración de flúor en agua. Conclusión: Se encontraron niveles altos de experiencia de caries dental a los 5 años y alta prevalencia de Fluorosis a los 12 años que exigen acciones de mejoramiento y estrategias en salud pública para esta población.

Introduction and Objetive: Dental caries and dental Fluorosis are public health problems, which require surveillance and control systems in primary ages. We aim to determine the prevalence of dental Fluorosis in school children age 12 and the caries experience of school children between 5 and 12 years old at the Institution “Luis Eduardo Diaz”, located in the urban area of the Municipality of Yondó (Antioquia, Colombia), during 2010. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 62 scholars of 5 years and 145 scholars of 12 years. Clinical examinations were carried out and the caries dental experience was established (DMFT and dmf indexes) and the prevalence of dental Fluorosis (Dean’s index). Prevalence, mean and median and for sex were estimated in case of dental caries and the global prevalence of Fluorosis and taking into account severity groups and sex. We calculate the prevalence ratio for sex and the 95% confidence intervals (PR, 95% CI). The main water sources of the study area were analyzed. Results: Mean dmf for 5 years was 2,37(±3,39) and the dental experience was 61%. At 12 years a DMTF mean was 0,73 (±1,28) and the dental experience was 33,1%. No statistical significance was found for sex. The global prevalence of Fluorosis was of 97,9%, the frequency was higher in males but the differences do not have statistical significance (RP 1z5, 95%CI 0,98- 1,12). The physicochemical analysis did not show high levels of fluoride concentrations in water. Conclusion: Higher levels of dental caries in case of scholars of 5 years dental Fluorosis for scholars of 12 years were found. Improvement actions and public health strategies are required for these populations.

Enrique Area Arrondo: médico, cirujano, profesor, decano, revolucionario siempre / Enrique Area Arrondo: Doctor, surgeon, professor, dean, for ever revolutionary

El habanero de procedencia obrera, Enrique Área Arrondo comenzó la actividad laboral como oficinista, mientras estudiaba bachillerato. En 1962, empezó a estudiar Medicina como becario. Realizó su post-graduado en Oriente-Norte; laboró algunos meses en el Hospital de Marcané y luego como Subdirector del Hospital Regional de Mayarí; Jefe de los Servicios Médicos de la Defensa Civil del municipio y Jefe del Estado Mayor de los Servicios Médicos del Regional Mayarí-Sagua-Moa. De 1972 a 1974, fue miembro de la delegación médica cubana en Argelia. En 1974, inició la residencia en Cirugía en el Hospital General Calixto García, donde se graduó de especialista de Primer Grado en Cirugía General, en 1977. Desde 1981 hasta 1984, permaneció en Moscú, donde hizo estudios de Candidatura en Microcirugía en trasplantes. En octubre de 1993, fue designado Decano provisional de la Facultad de Medicina General Calixto García y, al año siguiente, con carácter definitivo. Desde ese cargo, constituyó la primera cátedra de Bioética del país, en marzo de 1995. Diagnosticado con cáncer de pulmón el 17 de enero de 1996, en apenas 5 meses evolucionó hacia la muerte, ocurrida el 26 de junio del mismo año; dejaba la profunda huella de su ejemplo de médico, profesor y revolucionario(AU)

The Havanan from a working-class origin, Enrique Área Arrondo, started working as a clerk while he was studying High School. In 1962 he began to study medicine as a boarding student. His postgraduate work was carried out in the Northeastern region of Cuba. He worked for a few months at the hospital in Marcané, then as Vice Director of the regional Hospital in Mayarí, Head of the Municipal Civil Defense Medical Service and Head of the general staff of the regional medical services in Mayarí-Sagua-Moa. From 1972 to 1974 he was a member of the medical Cuban delegation in Algeria. In 1974 he began his residency in surgery at General Calixto García Hospital, graduating as a first degree General Surgeon in 1977. From 1981 to 1984 he stayed in Moscow where he specialized on Microsurgery in Transplants. In October, 1993 he was appointed as the provisional Dean of General Calixto García Medical Sciences School, and officially named the following year. From that position he created Cuba's first Bioethics professorship in March, 1995. Diagnosed with Lung Cancer, on January 17, 1996, in barely five months, he passed away on June 26, leaving a deep legacy as a doctor, professor and revolutionary(AU)

EFEITO DE DIFERENTES FUNGICIDAS NO CONTROLE DE FERRUGEM E OÍDIO NAS CULTIVARES "CARIOCA" E "GOIANO PRECOCE" DE FEIJOEIRO COMUM

SUMMARY The efficiency of Thyophanate Methyl, Chlorothalonil and (Thyophanate Methyl + Chlorothalonil on rust (Uromyces phaseoli) and powdery mildew (Eryaiphe polygoni) control was evaluated. A completely ramdomized block design was used with eight treatments and four replications. The fungicides spraying was done with an atomizer in base of 300 litres/ha on V4 (third leaf), R5 (pre-flowering) and R8 (full grown pods) growth stages. Yield and disease severity on leaves were evaluated. The fungicides spraying allowed an increase on the yield and a decrease on the severity of rust and powdery mildew.

RESUMO Este experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência do Tiofanato Metílico, Chorotalonil e Tiofanato Metílico + Clorothalonil no controle de ferrugem (Uromyces phaseoli) e oídio (Erysiphe polygoni) nas cultivares "Carioca" e "Goiano Precoce" de feijoeiro comum. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com oito tratamentos e quatro repetições. A aplicação dos fungicidas foi feita com atomizador do tipo costal e volume de calda de 300 litros/hectare. Os estádios da cultura em que foram realizadas as aplicações foram V4 (terceira folha trifoliolada), R5 (pré-floração) e R8 (enchimento de vagens). Os parâmetros utilizados para avaliação foram o rendimento de grãos e severidade das doenças. A aplicação de fungicidas possibilitou uma redução acentuada na severidade das doenças e um aumento no rendimento de grãos.

Efeito de diferentes fungicidas no controle de ferrugem e oídio nas cultivares "carioca" e "goiano precoce" de feijoeiro comum

SUMMARY The efficiency of Thyophanate Methyl, Chlorothalonil and (Thyophanate Methyl + Chlorothalonil on rust (Uromyces phaseoli) and powdery mildew (Eryaiphe polygoni) control was evaluated. A completely ramdomized block design was used with eight treatments and four replications. The fungicides spraying was done with an atomizer in base of 300 litres/ha on V4 (third leaf), R5 (pre-flowering) and R8 (full grown pods) growth stages. Yield and disease severity on leaves were evaluated. The fungicides spraying allowed an increase on the yield and a decrease on the severity of rust and powdery mildew.

RESUMO Este experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência do Tiofanato Metílico, Chorotalonil e Tiofanato Metílico + Clorothalonil no controle de ferrugem (Uromyces phaseoli) e oídio (Erysiphe polygoni) nas cultivares "Carioca" e "Goiano Precoce" de feijoeiro comum. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com oito tratamentos e quatro repetições. A aplicação dos fungicidas foi feita com atomizador do tipo costal e volume de calda de 300 litros/hectare. Os estádios da cultura em que foram realizadas as aplicações foram V4 (terceira folha trifoliolada), R5 (pré-floração) e R8 (enchimento de vagens). Os parâmetros utilizados para avaliação foram o rendimento de grãos e severidade das doenças. A aplicação de fungicidas possibilitou uma redução acentuada na severidade das doenças e um aumento no rendimento de grãos.