ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Medical guidelines are defined as practical orientation and decision-making aids; they are legally defined as noncommittal recommendations. International guidelines are written in very general terms, especially in the case of heterogeneous clinical pictures (e.g., vesicoureteral reflux). OBJECTIVE: Could national guidelines based on international recommendations become authoritative as specific treatment recommendations for the various specialist groups? MATERIALS AND METHODS: The value of international and national guidelines was assessed using the example case history of a child affected with vesicoureteral reflux. RESULTS: Due to the various therapeutic possibilities according to various guidelines, the child received unfavorable, incongruent, delayed, and repeated unsuccessful attempts with different treatment regimes CONCLUSION: Due to the nonbinding nature of general guidelines, there is a risk of suboptimal therapy. National guidelines aimed at individualized treatment recommendations should aim for higher medical and legal status.
Subject(s)
Andrology , Urology , Vesico-Ureteral Reflux , Child , Humans , AustriaABSTRACT
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has become an essential tool in modern dentistry, allowing dentists to analyze the relationship between teeth and the surrounding tissues. However, traditional manual analysis can be time-consuming and its accuracy depends on the user's proficiency. To address these limitations, deep learning (DL) systems have been integrated into CBCT analysis to improve accuracy and efficiency. Numerous DL models have been developed for tasks such as automatic diagnosis, segmentation, classification of teeth, inferior alveolar nerve, bone, airway, and preoperative planning. All research articles summarized were from Pubmed, IEEE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science up to December 2022. Many studies have demonstrated that the application of deep learning technology in CBCT examination in dentistry has achieved significant progress, and its accuracy in radiology image analysis has reached the level of clinicians. However, in some fields, its accuracy still needs to be improved. Furthermore, ethical issues and CBCT device differences may prohibit its extensive use. DL models have the potential to be used clinically as medical decision-making aids. The combination of DL and CBCT can highly reduce the workload of image reading. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the current applications of DL on CBCT images in dentistry, highlighting its potential and suggesting directions for future research.
ABSTRACT
The burden of cardiovascular disease is heavy, the condition is complex, and the clinical decision-making methods are diverse. Taking coronary heart disease and implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation as examples, this paper illustrated the shared decision-making framework in cardiovascular disease. Patient participation in diagnosis and treatment decision-making will enhance their sense of control and gain. Strategies to improve the quality of shared decision-making include developing effective decision-making aids, enhancing patients’ risk perception abilities, and empowering patients to enhance their decision-making abilities.
ABSTRACT
Decision-making aid for cancer patients is of great significance in the diagnosis and treatment for diseases. Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women all over the world, and breast cancer patients have become the main target population for decision-aided research. Application of decision-making assistance for patients in Western countries has developed to a certain extent, while relevant research in China is still at the early stage. There are kinds of intervention forms for patients' decision aids, including traditional brochures and videos, decision aids systems, decision coaching, multidisciplinary breast cancer teams, etc. The tools for decision-making quality evaluation include the patients' awareness for decision-making, participation, decision-making conflict, decision-making satisfaction, decision-making regret, which can provide important guidance for the application of decision-making aid treatment in breast cancer patients in the future.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , China , Decision Making , Emotions , Female , Humans , Personal SatisfactionABSTRACT
Decision-making aid for cancer patients is of great significance in the diagnosis and treatment for diseases. Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women all over the world, and breast cancer patients have become the main target population for decision-aided research. Application of decision-making assistance for patients in Western countries has developed to a certain extent, while relevant research in China is still at the early stage. There are kinds of intervention forms for patients' decision aids, including traditional brochures and videos, decision aids systems, decision coaching, multidisciplinary breast cancer teams, etc. The tools for decision-making quality evaluation include the patients' awareness for decision-making, participation, decision-making conflict, decision-making satisfaction, decision-making regret, which can provide important guidance for the application of decision-making aid treatment in breast cancer patients in the future.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , China , Decision Making , Emotions , Personal SatisfactionABSTRACT
The number of prostate cancer survivors is rapidly growing in the Western world. As a result of better oncologic outcomes, more patients are living longer with the adverse effects of treatment, which can be both functional and psychological. Clinicians, in an era of shared decision-making, must not only cure the cancer, but also ensure that, after treatment, their patients experience the best quality of life and minimal post-treatment decisional regret. To participate in the decision-making process, men and their involved partners and family need to fully understand the relative benefits and harms of prostate cancer treatments.Patient preference studies indicate that men with prostate cancer are not well informed. Decision-making aids are a positive treatment adjunct both to convey information and to allow patients to explore their own beliefs and values during the decision-making process. The evidence suggests that decision-making aids better prepare patients for involvement in treatment decisions, but further studies are required to investigate the relationship between the use of decision-making aids and post-treatment decisional regret in prostate cancer.
