ABSTRACT
O objetivo principal deste artigo é apresentar e compreender o risco de violência física envolvendo entregadores via aplicativos e clientes, cujos fatores imediatos são os chamados bloqueios indevidos. Por meio de etnografia digital que consistiu no acompanhamento de grupos de WhatsApp e de vídeos produzidos por motoboys, deparamos com esse risco emergente relacionado ao trabalho e levantamos elementos que ajudam a compreender o fenômeno. O medo de ser excluído da plataforma devido à reclamação de um cliente aparece como fator de risco dessa violência. Fatores políticos e socioeconômicos também podem estar relacionados a essas situações de violência entre entregadores e clientes, como, por exemplo, a dependência econômica que esses trabalhadores têm de plataformas digitais e o ambiente de permissividade regulatória.
The main objective of this article is to present and understand the risk of physical violence involving deliv-erers by app and customers, whose immediate factors are the so-called unfair blockades. Through digital ethnography that consisted in monitoring WhatsApp groups and videos produced by food deliverers, we found out this emerging occupational risk and raised elements that help to understand the phenomenon. The fear of being excluded from the platform due to a customer's complaint appears as a risk factor for that violence. Political and socio-economic factors can also be related to these situations of violence between deliverers and customers, such as, for example, the economic dependence of these workers on digital plat-forms and the environment of regulatory permissiveness.
El objetivo principal de este artículo es presentar y comprender el riesgo de violencia física que envuelve repartidores de comida mediante aplicaciones y clientes, cuyos factores inmediatos son los llamados bloqueos indebidos. A través de la etnografía digital, que consistió en monitorizar grupos de WhatsApp y videos producidos por repartidores de comida, encontramos este riesgo emergente relacionado con el trabajo y levantamos elementos que ayudan a comprender el fenómeno. El miedo de ser excluido de la plataforma debido a alguna reclamación de un cliente aparece como un factor de riesgo para esa violencia. Factores políticos y socioeconómicos también pueden estar relacionados con estas situaciones de violencia entre repartidores y clientes, como, por ejemplo, la dependencia económica que estos trabajadores tienen de las plataformas digitales y el ambiente de permisividad regulatoria.
Subject(s)
Humans , Violence , Occupational Groups , Politics , Occupational Health , Mobile Applications , Social Vulnerability , Occupational Health ServicesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Internet-based Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (iCBT) for depression have been implemented in routine care across Europe in varying ways, at various scales and with varying success. This study aimed to advance our understanding of organisational implementation climate from the perspectives of implementers and mental health service deliverers. METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative methods were combined to study the concept of organisational implementation climate in mental health care settings. Based on concept mapping, a qualitative workshop with implementers was used to conceptualise organisational implementation climate for optimizing iCBT use in routine practice. Service deliverers involved in the provision of iCBT were invited to participate in an explorative cross-sectional survey assessing levels of satisfaction and usability of iCBT, and organisational implementation climate in implementing iCBT. The two methods were applied independently to study viewpoints of implementers as well as service deliverers. Corresponding to the explorative nature of the study, inductive reasoning was applied to identify patterns and develop a reasonable explanation of the observations made. Correlative associations between satisfaction, usability and implementation climate were explored. RESULTS: Sixteen implementers representing fourteen service delivery organisations across Europe participated in the workshop. The top-three characteristics of a supportive organisational implementation climate included: (1) clear roles and skills of implementers, (2) feasible implementation targets, and (3) a dedicated implementation team. The top-three tools for creating a supportive implementation climate included: (1) feedback on job performance, (2) progress monitoring in achieving implementation targets, and (3) guidelines for assessing the impact of iCBT. The survey (n=111) indicated that service providers generally regarded their organisational implementation climate as supportive in implementing iCBT services. Organisational implementation climate was weakly associated with perceived usability and moderately with satisfaction with iCBT services. CONCLUSIONS: Organisational implementation climate is a relevant factor to implementers and service deliverers in implementing iCBT in routine care. It is not only an inherent characteristic of the context in which implementation takes place, it can also be shaped to improve implementation of iCBT services. Future research should further theorise organisational implementation climate and empirically validate the measurement instruments such as used in this study.
